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651 relations: ABC News (Australia), Acacia, Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film, Academy Awards, Acting (law), Agence France-Presse, Agriculture, Air pollution, Al Jazeera Media Network, Al-Qaeda, Alaungpaya, Amnesty International, Amphibian, Amyotha Hluttaw, Anawrahta, Andaman Sea, Anglo-Burmese people, Anglo-Burmese Wars, Anglo-Indian people, Animism, Antelope, Anthropogenic biome, Arakan Army, Arakan Mountains, Areca catechu, Arms embargo, Arunachal Pradesh, ASEAN, ASEAN Summit, Asian Correspondent, Assam, Assistance Association for Political Prisoners, Associated Press, Aung Myint, Aung San, Aung San Suu Kyi, Aung Zan Wai, Australia, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Austroasiatic languages, Ayeyarwady Region, Ayutthaya Kingdom, Ba Maw, Ba Nyan, Bagan, Bago Region, Bago, Myanmar, Bamar people, Bamboo, Bando, ... Expand index (601 more) »
- 1948 establishments in Burma
- Buddhist states
- Least developed countries
- Member states of ASEAN
- Protected areas of Myanmar
- Southeast Asian countries
- States and territories established in 1948
ABC News (Australia)
ABC News, also known as ABC News and Current Affairs and overseas as ABC Australia, is a public news service produced by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
See Myanmar and ABC News (Australia)
Acacia
Acacia, commonly known as wattles or acacias, is a genus of about of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae.
Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film
The Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film is an award for documentary films.
See Myanmar and Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film
Academy Awards
The Academy Awards of Merit, commonly known as the Oscars or Academy Awards, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the film industry.
See Myanmar and Academy Awards
Acting (law)
In law, a person is acting in a position if they are not serving in the position on a permanent basis.
Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a French international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.
See Myanmar and Agence France-Presse
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.
Air pollution
Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials.
Al Jazeera Media Network
Al Jazeera Media Network (AJMN; The Peninsula) is a private-media conglomerate headquartered at Wadi Al Sail, Doha, funded in part by the government of Qatar.
See Myanmar and Al Jazeera Media Network
Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda is a pan-Islamist militant organization led by Sunni Jihadists who self-identify as a vanguard spearheading a global Islamist revolution to unite the Muslim world under a supra-national Islamic caliphate.
Alaungpaya
Alaungpaya (အလောင်းဘုရား,; also spelled Alaunghpaya or Alaung-Phra; 11 May 1760) was the founder and first emperor of the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar).
Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.
See Myanmar and Amnesty International
Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia.
Amyotha Hluttaw
The Amyotha Hluttaw (အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်,; House of Nationalities) is the de jure upper house of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the bicameral legislature of Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and Amyotha Hluttaw
Anawrahta
Anawrahta Minsaw (အနော်ရထာ မင်းစော,; 11 May 1014 – 11 April 1077) was the founder of the Pagan Empire.
Andaman Sea
The Andaman Sea (historically also known as the Burma Sea) is a marginal sea of the northeastern Indian Ocean bounded by the coastlines of Myanmar and Thailand along the Gulf of Martaban and the west side of the Malay Peninsula, and separated from the Bay of Bengal to its west by the Andaman Islands and the Nicobar Islands.
Anglo-Burmese people
The Anglo-Burmese people, also known as the Anglo-Burmans, are a community of Eurasians of Burmese and European descent, who emerged as a distinct community through mixed relationships (sometimes permanent, sometimes temporary) between the British and other Europeans and Burmese people from 1826 until 1948 when Myanmar gained its independence from the British Empire.
See Myanmar and Anglo-Burmese people
Anglo-Burmese Wars
The Anglo-Burmese Wars were an armed conflict between two expanding empires, the British Empire and the Konbaung dynasty, that became British India‘s most expensive and longest war, costing 5–13 million pounds sterling (£400 million – £1.1 billion as of 2019) and spanning over 60 years.
See Myanmar and Anglo-Burmese Wars
Anglo-Indian people
Anglo-Indian people are a distinct minority community of mixed-race Eurasian ancestry with British paternal and Indian maternal heritage, whose first language is ordinarily English.
See Myanmar and Anglo-Indian people
Animism
Animism (from meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
Antelope
The term antelope refers to numerous extant or recently extinct species of the ruminant artiodactyl family Bovidae that are indigenous to most of Africa, India, the Middle East, Central Asia, and a small area of Eastern Europe.
Anthropogenic biome
Anthropogenic biomes, also known as anthromes, human biomes or intensive land-use biome, describe the terrestrial biosphere (biomes) in its contemporary, human-altered form using global ecosystem units defined by global patterns of sustained direct human interaction with ecosystems.
See Myanmar and Anthropogenic biome
Arakan Army
The Arakan Army (Araka Tatdaw; abbreviated AA), occasionally the Arakha Army, is an ethnic armed organisation based in Rakhine State (Arakan).
Arakan Mountains
The Arakan Mountains, natively referred as Rakhine Yoma (ရခိုင်ရိုးမ) and technically known as the Southern Indo-Burman Range, are a mountain range in western Myanmar, between the coast of Rakhine State and the Central Myanmar Basin, in which flows the Irrawaddy River.
See Myanmar and Arakan Mountains
Areca catechu
Areca catechu is a species of palm native to the Philippines cultivated for areca nuts.
Arms embargo
An arms embargo is a restriction or a set of sanctions that applies either solely to weaponry or also to "dual-use technology." An arms embargo may serve one or more purposes.
Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh is a state in northeast India.
See Myanmar and Arunachal Pradesh
ASEAN
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, commonly abbreviated as ASEAN, is a political and economic union of 10 states in Southeast Asia. Myanmar and ASEAN are southeast Asian countries.
ASEAN Summit
The ASEAN Summit is a biannual meeting held by the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in relation to economic, political, security, and socio-cultural development of Southeast Asian countries.
Asian Correspondent
Asian Correspondent was an English language news website launched in October 2009 by Hybrid (media company) that combined articles by professional journalists, bloggers and news wire content in one website.
See Myanmar and Asian Correspondent
Assam
Assam is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys.
Assistance Association for Political Prisoners
Assistance Association of Political Prisoners (Burma) (နိုင်ငံရေးအကျဉ်းသားများကူညီစောင့်ရှောက်ရေးအသင်း; abbreviated AAPP or AAPPB) is an independent non-profit organisation founded by Burmese former political prisoners living in exile.
See Myanmar and Assistance Association for Political Prisoners
Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
See Myanmar and Associated Press
Aung Myint
Aung Myint (အောင်မြင့်,; born 27 October 1946) is a Burmese painter and performance artist.
Aung San
Bogyoke Aung San (13 February 191519 July 1947) was a Burmese politician, independence activist and revolutionary.
Aung San Suu Kyi
Daw Aung San Suu Kyi (born 19 June 1945), sometimes abbreviated to Suu Kyi, is a Burmese politician, diplomat, author, and a 1991 Nobel Peace Prize laureate who served as State Counsellor of Myanmar (equivalent to a prime minister) and Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2016 to 2021.
See Myanmar and Aung San Suu Kyi
Aung Zan Wai
Aung Zan Wai (အောင်ဇံဝေ; 19 November 1893 – 29 December 1984) was an Arakanese politician and one of the most important negotiators and leaders of the historical Panglong Conference in 1947.
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. Myanmar and Australia are member states of the United Nations.
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), is the national broadcaster of Australia.
See Myanmar and Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Austroasiatic languages
The Austroasiatic languages are a large language family spoken throughout Mainland Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia.
See Myanmar and Austroasiatic languages
Ayeyarwady Region
Ayeyarwady Region (ဧရာဝတီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,,; formerly Ayeyarwady Division and Irrawaddy Division) is a region of Myanmar, occupying the delta region of the Ayeyarwady River (Irrawaddy River).
See Myanmar and Ayeyarwady Region
Ayutthaya Kingdom
The Ayutthaya Kingdom (อยุธยา,, IAST: or) or the Empire of Ayutthaya was a Mon and later Siamese kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-day Thailand.
See Myanmar and Ayutthaya Kingdom
Ba Maw
Ba Maw (ဘမော်,; 8 February 1893 – 29 May 1977) was a Burmese lawyer and political leader, active during the interwar period and Second World War.
Ba Nyan
Ba Nyan (ဘဉာဏ်,; 1897 – 12 October 1945) was a Burmese painter who has been called the greatest name in modern painting in Myanmar.
Bagan
Bagan (formerly Pagan) is an ancient city and a UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar.
Bago Region
Bago Region (ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,; formerly Pegu Division and Bago Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the southern central part of the country.
Bago, Myanmar
Bago (formerly spelled Pegu), formerly known as Hanthawaddy, is a city and the capital of the Bago Region in Myanmar.
Bamar people
The Bamar are a Sino-Tibetan-speaking ethnic group native to Myanmar.
Bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.
Bando
Bando (ဗန်တို) is a defensive unarmed martial art from Myanmar.
Bangkok Post
The Bangkok Post is an English-language daily newspaper published in Bangkok, Thailand.
Bangladesh
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. Myanmar and Bangladesh are countries in Asia, least developed countries and member states of the United Nations.
Banshay
Banshay (ဗန်ရှည်) is a weapon-based martial art from Myanmar focusing primarily on the sword, staff and spear.
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.
Barn owl
The barn owl (Tyto alba) is the most widely distributed species of owl in the world and one of the most widespread of all species of birds, living almost everywhere except for polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalayas, some Indonesian islands and some Pacific Islands.
Bay of Bengal
The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean.
Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
The Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is an international organisation of seven South Asian and Southeast Asian nations, housing 1.73 billion people and having a combined gross domestic product of US$5.2 trillion (2023).
See Myanmar and Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation
Bayinnaung
Bayinnaung Kyawhtin Nawrahta (ဘုရင့်နောင် ကျော်ထင်နော်ရထာ; บุเรงนองกะยอดินนรธา,, Portuguese: Braginoco; 16 January 1516 – 10 October 1581) was king of the Toungoo Dynasty of Myanmar from 1550 to 1581.
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Myanmar and BBC
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Bengal Sultanate
The Bengal Sultanate (Middle Bengali: শাহী বাঙ্গালা, Classical Persian:, Arabic) was a late medieval sultanate based in the Bengal region between the 14th and 16th century.
See Myanmar and Bengal Sultanate
Bhikkhu
A bhikkhu (Pali: भिक्खु, Sanskrit: भिक्षु, bhikṣu) is an ordained male in Buddhist monasticism.
Bicameralism
Bicameralism is a type of legislature that is divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature.
Bilateral trade
Bilateral trade or clearing trade is trade exclusively between two states, particularly, barter trade based on bilateral deals between governments, and without using hard currency for payment.
See Myanmar and Bilateral trade
Biodiversity
Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.
Bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
See Myanmar and Bird
Bo Hmu Aung
Bo Hmu Aung (ဗိုလ်မှူးအောင်, 30 August 1910 – 9 November 2004) was a Burmese military officer and a member of the legendary Thirty Comrades who trained in Japan in the struggle for independence from Britain and regarded as one of the founders of the Tatmadaw (the modern-day Myanmar Armed Forces).
Bodawpaya
Bodawpaya (ဘိုးတော်ဘုရား,; ปดุง; 11 March 1745 – 5 June 1819) was the sixth king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma.
Border Guard Forces
Border Guard Forces (နယ်ခြားစောင့်တပ်; abbreviated BGF) are subdivisions of the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces) consisting of former insurgent groups in Myanmar under the instruction of Regional Military Commands.
See Myanmar and Border Guard Forces
Brahma
Brahma (ब्रह्मा) is a Hindu god, referred to as "the Creator" within the Trimurti, the trinity of supreme divinity that includes Vishnu and Shiva.
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
See Myanmar and British Empire
British rule in Burma
The British colonial rule in Burma lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the successive three Anglo-Burmese wars through the creation of Burma as a province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence.
See Myanmar and British rule in Burma
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
Buddhism in Myanmar
Buddhism (ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), specifically Theravāda Buddhism (ထေရဝါဒဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ), is the official and state religion of Myanmar since 1961, and practiced by nearly 90% of the population.
See Myanmar and Buddhism in Myanmar
Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
The Bureau of Arms Control, Deterrence, and Stability, formerly the Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance (AVC) is a bureau within the United States Department of State.
See Myanmar and Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
In the United States Government, the Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs (EAP, originally the Office of Chinese Affairs) is part of the United States Department of State and is charged with advising the Secretary of State and Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs on matters of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as dealing with U.S.
See Myanmar and Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs
Burma campaign (1944)
The fighting in the Burma campaign in 1944 was among the most severe in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II.
See Myanmar and Burma campaign (1944)
Burma campaign (1944–1945)
The Burma campaign in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II was fought primarily by British Commonwealth, Chinese and United States forces against the forces of Imperial Japan, who were assisted by the Burmese National Army, the Indian National Army, and to some degree by Thailand.
See Myanmar and Burma campaign (1944–1945)
Burma Chronicles
Burma Chronicles (Chroniques Birmanes) is a 2007 Canadian graphic novel written and illustrated by Guy Delisle.
See Myanmar and Burma Chronicles
Burma Independence Act 1947
The Burma Independence Act 1947 (11 & 12 Geo. 6. c. 3) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that conferred independence on Burma, today called Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Burma Independence Act 1947
Burma Independence Army
The Burma Independence Army (BIA) was a pro-Japanese and revolutionary army that fought for the end of British rule in Burma by assisting the Japanese in their conquest of the country in 1942 during World War II.
See Myanmar and Burma Independence Army
Burma Socialist Programme Party
The Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) was Burma's ruling party from 1962 to 1988 and the sole legal party from 1964 to 1988.
See Myanmar and Burma Socialist Programme Party
Burma VJ
Burma VJ: Reporting from a Closed Country is a 2008 Danish documentary film directed by Anders Østergaard.
Burmah Oil
The Burmah Oil Company was a leading British oil company which was once a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.
Burmese alphabet
The Burmese alphabet (မြန်မာအက္ခရာ myanma akkha.ya) is an abugida used for writing Burmese.
See Myanmar and Burmese alphabet
Burmese chronicles
The royal chronicles of Myanmar (မြန်မာ ရာဇဝင် ကျမ်းများ; also known as Burmese chronicles) are detailed and continuous chronicles of the monarchy of Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and Burmese chronicles
Burmese cuisine
Burmese cuisine encompasses the diverse regional culinary traditions of Myanmar, which have developed through longstanding agricultural practices, centuries of sociopolitical and economic change, and cross-cultural contact and trade with neighboring countries at the confluence of Southeast Asia, East Asia, and South Asia, such as modern-day nations of Thailand, China, and India, respectively.
See Myanmar and Burmese cuisine
Burmese folk religion
Burmese folk religion refers to the animistic and polytheistic religious worship of nats (deities of local and Hindu origin) and ancestors in Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and Burmese folk religion
Burmese Gurkha
Burmese Gurkhas (ဂေါ်ရခါးလူမျိုးများ; गोरखाली) are a group of Nepali language speaking Burmese people of Khas/Gurkha ethnic group living in Myanmar (formerly Burma).
See Myanmar and Burmese Gurkha
Burmese Indians
Burmese Indians are a group of people of Indian origin who live in Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and Burmese Indians
Burmese language
Burmese is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken in Myanmar, where it is the official language, lingua franca, and the native language of the Bamar, the country's principal ethnic group.
See Myanmar and Burmese language
Burmese literature
The literature of Myanmar (မြန်မာစာပေ) spans over a millennium.
See Myanmar and Burmese literature
Burmese people
Burmese people or Myanma people (မြန်မာလူမျိုး) are citizens or people from Myanmar (Burma), irrespective of their ethnic or religious background.
See Myanmar and Burmese people
Burmese python
The Burmese python (Python bivittatus) is one of the largest species of snakes.
See Myanmar and Burmese python
Burmese salads
Burmese salads (transliterated athoke or athouk) are a diverse category of indigenous salads in Burmese cuisine.
See Myanmar and Burmese salads
Burmese Way to Socialism
The Burmese Way to Socialism (မြန်မာ့နည်းမြန်မာ့ဟန် ဆိုရှယ်လစ်စနစ်), also known as the Burmese Road to Socialism, was the state ideology of the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, the socialist state governed by the Burma Socialist Programme Party (BSPP) from 1962 to 1988.
See Myanmar and Burmese Way to Socialism
Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767)
The Burmese–Siamese War also known as the War of the second fall was the second military conflict between Burma under Konbaung dynasty and Ayutthaya Kingdom under Siamese Ban Phlu Luang dynasty that lasted from 1765 until 1767, and the war that ended the 417-year-old Ayutthaya Kingdom.
See Myanmar and Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767)
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Myanmar and Cambridge University Press
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Myanmar and Canada are member states of the United Nations.
Cash crop
A cash crop, also called profit crop, is an agricultural crop which is grown to sell for profit.
Cave painting
In archaeology, cave paintings are a type of parietal art (which category also includes petroglyphs, or engravings), found on the wall or ceilings of caves.
Censorship in Myanmar
Censorship in Myanmar (also called Burma) results from government policies in controlling and regulating certain information, particularly on religious, ethnic, political, and moral grounds.
See Myanmar and Censorship in Myanmar
Census in Myanmar
The Burmese census is an official count of the human population in Burma (Myanmar).
See Myanmar and Census in Myanmar
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Myanmar and Central Intelligence Agency
Chairman of the State Administration Council
The Chairman of the State Administration Council (နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီဥက္ကဋ္ဌ) is the head of Myanmar's ruling military junta, established in the 2021 coup d'état. Myanmar and Chairman of the State Administration Council are military dictatorships.
See Myanmar and Chairman of the State Administration Council
Chamber of Deputies (Burma)
The Chamber of Deputies (ပြည်သူ့လွှတ်တော်) was the lower house of the bicameral Union Parliament of Burma (Myanmar) from 1948 to 1962. Myanmar and Chamber of Deputies (Burma) are 1948 establishments in Burma.
See Myanmar and Chamber of Deputies (Burma)
Chamber of Nationalities
The Chamber of Nationalities (လူမျိုးစုလွှတ်တော်) was the upper house of the bicameral Union Parliament of Burma (Myanmar) from 1948 to 1962. Myanmar and Chamber of Nationalities are 1948 establishments in Burma.
See Myanmar and Chamber of Nationalities
Chatham House
The Royal Institute of International Affairs, commonly known as Chatham House, is a British think tank based in London, England.
Chin people
The Chin people are an ethnic group native to the Chin State of Myanmar.
Chin State
Chin State is a state in western Myanmar.
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. Myanmar and China are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Chindits
The Chindits, officially known as Long Range Penetration Groups, were special operations units of the British and Indian armies which saw action in 1943–1944 during the Burma Campaign of World War II.
Chinese people in Myanmar
Chinese Burmese, also Sino-Burmese or Tayoke (တရုတ်), are Burmese citizens of Han Chinese ethnicity.
See Myanmar and Chinese people in Myanmar
Chinlone
Chinlone (ခြင်းလုံး), also known as caneball, is the traditional, national sport of Myanmar (Burma).
Chittagong Division
Chittagong Division, officially known as Chattogram Division, is geographically the largest of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh.
See Myanmar and Chittagong Division
Christianity in Myanmar
Christianity in Myanmar has a history dating to the early 18th century.
See Myanmar and Christianity in Myanmar
City-state
A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.
Civil authority
Civil authority or civil government is the practical implementation of a state on behalf of its citizens, other than through military units (martial law), that enforces law and order and that is distinguished from religious authority (for example, canon law) and secular authority.
See Myanmar and Civil authority
Civil war
A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
Climate change
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.
See Myanmar and Climate change
Climate change mitigation
Climate change mitigation (or decarbonisation) is action to limit the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere that cause climate change.
See Myanmar and Climate change mitigation
Climate of Myanmar
The climate of Myanmar varies depending on location and in the highlands, on elevation.
See Myanmar and Climate of Myanmar
Clouded leopard
The clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa), also called mainland clouded leopard, is a wild cat inhabiting dense forests from the foothills of the Himalayas through Northeast India and Bhutan to mainland Southeast Asia into South China.
See Myanmar and Clouded leopard
CNA (TV network)
CNA (stylised as cna; an initialism derived from the previous name, Channel NewsAsia) is a Singaporean multinational news channel owned by Mediacorp, the country's state-owned media conglomerate.
See Myanmar and CNA (TV network)
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See Myanmar and CNN
Cobra
Cobra is the common name of various venomous snakes, most of which belong to the genus Naja.
Coconut
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos.
Collins English Dictionary
The Collins English Dictionary is a printed and online dictionary of English.
See Myanmar and Collins English Dictionary
Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
Comedy film
Comedy film is a film genre that emphasizes humor.
Coming of age
Coming of age is a young person's transition from being a child to being an adult.
Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
The Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services is the supreme commander of the Tatmadaw, the armed forces of Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services
Commonwealth of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, often simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is an international association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire from which it developed.
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Constitution of Myanmar
The Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (translit) is the supreme law of Myanmar.
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Corruption in Myanmar
Corruption in Myanmar is among the worst in the world.
See Myanmar and Corruption in Myanmar
Corruption Perceptions Index
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that scores and ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as assessed by experts and business executives.
See Myanmar and Corruption Perceptions Index
COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar
The COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
See Myanmar and COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar
Crocodile
Crocodiles (family Crocodylidae) or true crocodiles are large semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia.
Cronyism
Cronyism is a specific form of in-group favoritism, the spoils system practice of partiality in awarding jobs and other advantages to friends or trusted colleagues, especially in politics and between politicians and supportive organizations.
Crow
A crow (pronounced) is a bird of the genus Corvus, or more broadly, a synonym for all of Corvus.
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Culture of Myanmar
The culture of Myanmar (Burma) has been heavily influenced by Buddhism.
See Myanmar and Culture of Myanmar
Cyclone Nargis
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Nargis (နာဂစ်; نرگس) was an extremely destructive and deadly tropical cyclone that caused the worst natural disaster in the recorded history of Myanmar during early May 2008.
See Myanmar and Cyclone Nargis
David Cameron
David William Donald Cameron, Baron Cameron of Chipping Norton, (born 9 October 1966) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2010 to 2016, and as UK Foreign Secretary under Prime Minister Rishi Sunak from November 2023 to July 2024.
Davos
Davos (or; help; Old Tavate) is an Alpine resort town and a municipality in the Prättigau/Davos Region in the canton of Graubünden, Switzerland.
Dawei
Dawei (ဓဝဲါ,; ทวาย, RTGS: Thawai,; formerly known as Tavoy) is a city in south-eastern Myanmar and is the capital of the Tanintharyi Region, formerly known as the Tenasserim Division, on the eastern bank of the Dawei River.
De facto
De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.
De Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter, is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.
De jure
In law and government, de jure describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.
Deer
A deer (deer) or true deer is a hoofed ruminant ungulate of the family Cervidae (informally the deer family).
See Myanmar and Deer
Democratic Voice of Burma
The Democratic Voice of Burma (ဒီမိုကရေတစ်မြန်မာ့အသံ, abbreviated DVB) is one of Myanmar's largest independent media organisations.
See Myanmar and Democratic Voice of Burma
Deputy Prime Minister of Myanmar
The deputy prime minister of Myanmar is the deputy head of government of Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Deputy Prime Minister of Myanmar
Deutsche Welle
("German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.
See Myanmar and Deutsche Welle
Diacritic
A diacritic (also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or accent) is a glyph added to a letter or to a basic glyph.
Direct-to-video
Direct-to-video or straight-to-video refers to the release of a film, television series, short or special to the public immediately on home video formats rather than an initial theatrical release or television premiere.
See Myanmar and Direct-to-video
Districts of Myanmar
Districts (ခရိုင်, Kharuing) are the second-level administrative divisions of Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Districts of Myanmar
Drug injection
Drug injection is a method of introducing a drug into the bloodstream via a hollow hypodermic needle, which is pierced through the skin into the body (usually intravenously, but also at an intramuscular or subcutaneous, location).
See Myanmar and Drug injection
East Asia Summit
The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a regional forum held annually by leaders of, initially, 16 countries in the East Asian, Southeast Asian, South Asian and Oceanian regions, based on the ASEAN Plus Six mechanism.
See Myanmar and East Asia Summit
East Asian religions
In the study of comparative religion, the East Asian religions or Taoic religions, form a subset of the Eastern religions.
See Myanmar and East Asian religions
East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874.
See Myanmar and East India Company
Economic inequality
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
See Myanmar and Economic inequality
Economic planning
Economic planning is a resource allocation mechanism based on a computational procedure for solving a constrained maximization problem with an iterative process for obtaining its solution.
See Myanmar and Economic planning
Economic sanctions
Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by states or institutions against states, groups, or individuals.
See Myanmar and Economic sanctions
Economy
An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services.
Economy of Myanmar
The economy of Myanmar is the seventh largest in Southeast Asia.
See Myanmar and Economy of Myanmar
Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) is a system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction.
Edward Elgar Publishing
Edward Elgar Publishing is a global publisher of academic books, journals and online resources in the social sciences and law.
See Myanmar and Edward Elgar Publishing
Electoral fraud
Electoral fraud, sometimes referred to as election manipulation, voter fraud, or vote rigging, involves illegal interference with the process of an election, either by increasing the vote share of a favored candidate, depressing the vote share of rival candidates, or both.
See Myanmar and Electoral fraud
Elephant
Elephants are the largest living land animals.
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Myanmar and Encyclopædia Britannica
Environmental impact of fishing
The environmental impact of fishing includes issues such as the availability of fish, overfishing, fisheries, and fisheries management; as well as the impact of industrial fishing on other elements of the environment, such as bycatch.
See Myanmar and Environmental impact of fishing
Environmental issues
Environmental issues are disruptions in the usual function of ecosystems.
See Myanmar and Environmental issues
Environmental Performance Index
The Environmental Performance Index (EPI) is a method of quantifying and numerically marking the environmental performance of a state's policies.
See Myanmar and Environmental Performance Index
Equator
The equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
Ethnic groups in Europe
Europeans are the focus of European ethnology, the field of anthropology related to the various ethnic groups that reside in the states of Europe.
See Myanmar and Ethnic groups in Europe
Ethnonym
An ethnonym is a name applied to a given ethnic group.
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
See Myanmar and European Union
Facebook is a social media and social networking service owned by American technology conglomerate Meta.
Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Farrar, Straus and Giroux (FSG) is an American book publishing company, founded in 1946 by Roger Williams Straus Jr. and John C. Farrar.
See Myanmar and Farrar, Straus and Giroux
Federalism
Federalism is a mode of government that combines a general government (the central or federal government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two.
First Anglo-Burmese War
The First Anglo-Burmese War (ပထမ အင်္ဂလိပ်-မြန်မာ စစ်;; 5 March 1824 – 24 February 1826), also known as the First Burma War in English language accounts and First English Invasion War (ပထမ အင်္ဂလိပ် ကျူးကျော် စစ်) in Burmese language accounts, was the first of three wars fought between the British and Burmese empires in the 19th century.
See Myanmar and First Anglo-Burmese War
First Mongol invasion of Burma
The first Mongol invasions of Burma (Burmese: မွန်ဂို–မြန်မာ စစ် (၁၂၇၇–၁၂၈၇); Chinese: 元緬戰爭) were a series of military conflicts between Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty, a division of the Mongol Empire, and the Pagan Empire that took place between 1277 and 1287.
See Myanmar and First Mongol invasion of Burma
Fish sauce
Fish sauce is a liquid condiment made from fish or krill that have been coated in salt and fermented for up to two years.
Fish stocks
Fish stocks are subpopulations of a particular species of fish, for which intrinsic parameters (growth, recruitment, mortality and fishing mortality) are traditionally regarded as the significant factors determining the stock's population dynamics, while extrinsic factors (immigration and emigration) are traditionally ignored.
Forced labour
Forced labour, or unfree labour, is any work relation, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, or violence, including death or other forms of extreme hardship to either themselves or members of their families.
Foreign policy of the United States
The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the United States of America, including all the bureaus and offices in the United States Department of State, as mentioned in the Foreign Policy Agenda of the Department of State, are "to build and sustain a more democratic, secure, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community".
See Myanmar and Foreign policy of the United States
Foreign relations of Myanmar
Historically strained, Myanmar's foreign relations, particularly with Western nations, have improved since 2012.
See Myanmar and Foreign relations of Myanmar
Forest
A forest is an ecosystem characterized by a dense community of trees.
Forest Landscape Integrity Index
The Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII) is an annual global index of forest condition measured by degree of anthropogenic modification.
See Myanmar and Forest Landscape Integrity Index
Forty Years' War
The Forty Years' War (အနှစ်လေးဆယ်စစ်; 1385 – 1423; also Ava–Pegu War or the Mon–Burmese War) was a military war fought between the Burmese-speaking Kingdom of Ava and the Mon-speaking Kingdom of Hanthawaddy.
See Myanmar and Forty Years' War
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Myanmar and France are member states of the United Nations.
Freedom House
Freedom House is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, political freedom, and human rights.
French Indochina
French Indochina (previously spelled as French Indo-China), officially known as the Indochinese Union and after 1946 as the French Union, was a grouping of French colonial territories in Mainland Southeast Asia until its end in 1954. It comprised Cambodia, Laos (from 1899), the Chinese territory of Guangzhouwan (from 1898 until 1945), and the Vietnamese regions of Tonkin in the north, Annam in the centre, and Cochinchina in the south.
See Myanmar and French Indochina
Frontier Myanmar
Frontier Myanmar (ဖရန်တီးယားမြန်မာ) is a news and business magazine published in Yangon, Myanmar, owned by Black Knight Media Co.
See Myanmar and Frontier Myanmar
Gecko
Geckos are small, mostly carnivorous lizards that have a wide distribution, found on every continent except Antarctica.
Gemstone
A gemstone (also called a fine gem, jewel, precious stone, semiprecious stone, or simply gem) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or polished, is used to make jewelry or other adornments.
General officer
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry.
See Myanmar and General officer
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe. Myanmar and Germany are member states of the United Nations.
Gibbon
Gibbons are apes in the family Hylobatidae.
Global Innovation Index
The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
See Myanmar and Global Innovation Index
Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)
The Golden Triangle is a large, mountainous region of approximately in northeastern Myanmar, northwestern Thailand and northern Laos, centered on the confluence of the Ruak and Mekong rivers.
See Myanmar and Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Myanmar and Greek language
Gulf of Martaban
The Gulf of Martaban (မုတ္တမပင်လယ်ကွေ့) or the Gulf of Mottama is an arm of the Andaman Sea in the southern part of Burma.
See Myanmar and Gulf of Martaban
Guy Delisle
Guy Delisle (born January 19, 1966) is a Canadian cartoonist and animator, best known for his graphic novels about his travels, such as Shenzhen (2000), Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea (2003), Burma Chronicles (2007), and Jerusalem (2011).
Habitat
In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species.
Hanthawaddy Kingdom
The Hanthawaddy Kingdom (ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်; also Hanthawaddy Pegu or simply Pegu) was the polity that ruled lower Burma (Myanmar) from 1287 to 1539 and from 1550 to 1552.
See Myanmar and Hanthawaddy Kingdom
Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations
Established by Rita Hauser and her husband Gustave M. Hauser in 1997, the Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University was formed with the goal of expanding understanding and accelerating critical thinking about civil society among scholars, practitioners, policy makers, and the general public, by encouraging scholarship, developing curriculum, fostering mutual learning between academics and practitioners, and shaping policies that enhance the sector and its role in society.
See Myanmar and Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations
Head of government
In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
See Myanmar and Head of government
Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
Health care
Health care, or healthcare, is the improvement of health via the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental impairments in people.
Hengduan Mountains
The Hengduan Mountains are a group of mountain ranges in southwest China that connect the southeast portions of the Tibetan Plateau with the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau.
See Myanmar and Hengduan Mountains
Heron
Herons are long-legged, long-necked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae, with 72 recognised species, some of which are referred to as egrets or bitterns rather than herons.
Highland
Highlands or uplands are areas of high elevation such as a mountainous region, elevated mountainous plateau or high hills.
Hillary Clinton
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (Rodham; born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the 67th United States secretary of state in the administration of Barack Obama from 2009 to 2013, as a U.S. senator representing New York from 2001 to 2009, and as the first lady of the United States to former president Bill Clinton from 1993 to 2001.
See Myanmar and Hillary Clinton
Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya.
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
History of Myanmar
The history of Myanmar (also known as Burma; မြန်မာ့သမိုင်း) covers the period from the time of first-known human settlements 13,000 years ago to the present day.
See Myanmar and History of Myanmar
History of Southeast Asia
The history of Southeast Asia covers the people of Southeast Asia from prehistory to the present in two distinct sub-regions: Mainland Southeast Asia (or Indochina) and Maritime Southeast Asia (or Insular Southeast Asia).
See Myanmar and History of Southeast Asia
HIV/AIDS in Myanmar
Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Burma (or Myanmar) is recognised as a disease of concern by the Ministry of Health and is a major social and health issue in the country.
See Myanmar and HIV/AIDS in Myanmar
Hkakabo Razi
Hkakabo Razi (ခါကာဘိုရာဇီ) is believed to be Myanmar's highest mountain.
Hmong–Mien languages
The Hmong–Mien languages (also known as Miao–Yao and rarely as Yangtzean) are a highly tonal language family of southern China and northern Southeast Asia.
See Myanmar and Hmong–Mien languages
Hokkien
Hokkien is a variety of the Southern Min languages, native to and originating from the Minnan region, in the southeastern part of Fujian in southeastern mainland China.
Homo erectus
Homo erectus (meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago.
Hopea odorata
Hopea odorata is a species of tree in the plant family Dipterocarpaceae.
Hpa-an
Hpa-an (ဘားအံမြို့,; ဍုံထ်ုအင်; ဖၣ်အၣ်ဝ့ၢ်ဖိ, also spelled Pa-an) is the capital and largest city of Kayin State (Karen State), Myanmar (Burma).
Htee Khee
Htikhi (ထီးခီး; also spelt Htee Khee) is a town in Dawei Township, Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar.
Htin Kyaw
Htin Kyaw (ထင်ကျော်, or; born 20 July 1946) is a Burmese politician, writer and scholar who served as the ninth president of Myanmar from 30 March 2016 to 21 March 2018.
Human
Humans (Homo sapiens, meaning "thinking man") or modern humans are the most common and widespread species of primate, and the last surviving species of the genus Homo.
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
See Myanmar and Human Development Index
Human rights in Myanmar
Human rights in Myanmar under its military regime have long been regarded as among the worst in the world.
See Myanmar and Human rights in Myanmar
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
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Human trafficking
Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation.
See Myanmar and Human trafficking
Humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid is material and logistic assistance, usually in the short-term, to people in need.
See Myanmar and Humanitarian aid
I.B. Tauris
I.B. Tauris is an educational publishing house and imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing.
Independence Day (Myanmar)
Independence Day (လွတ်လပ်ရေးနေ့) is a national holiday observed annually in Myanmar every 4 January.
See Myanmar and Independence Day (Myanmar)
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia. Myanmar and India are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.
See Myanmar and Indo-European languages
Infrastructure
Infrastructure is the set of facilities and systems that serve a country, city, or other area, and encompasses the services and facilities necessary for its economy, households and firms to function.
See Myanmar and Infrastructure
Inle Lake
Inle Lake, a freshwater lake located in the Nyaungshwe Township of Shan State, part of Shan Hills in Myanmar (Burma).
Instability
In dynamical systems instability means that some of the outputs or internal states increase with time, without bounds.
International Atomic Energy Agency
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.
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International community
The international community is a term used in geopolitics and international relations to refer to a broad group of people and governments of the world.
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International Criminal Court
The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands.
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International Crisis Group
The International Crisis Group (ICG; also known as the Crisis Group) is a global non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in 1995.
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International Futures
International Futures (IFs) is a global integrated assessment model designed to help with thinking strategically and systematically about key global systems (economic, demographic, education, health, environment, technology, domestic governance, infrastructure, agriculture, energy and environment).
See Myanmar and International Futures
International Labour Organization
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency whose mandate is to advance social and economic justice by setting international labour standards.
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International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
The International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA) is a LGBTQ+ rights organization.
See Myanmar and International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
International reactions to the Saffron Revolution
International reaction to the 2007 Burmese anti-government protests ranges from support of the protestors through neutrality to support of the State Peace and Development Council, the ruling junta.
See Myanmar and International reactions to the Saffron Revolution
International Rice Research Institute
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is an international agricultural research and training organization with its headquarters in Los Baños, Laguna, in the Philippines, and offices in seventeen countries.
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International School Yangon
The International School Yangon (ISY; အပြည်ပြည်ဆိုင်ရာကလေးများကျောင်း၊ ရန်ကုန်မြို့) is a private, co-educational day school, which offers an educational program from Pre-Kindergarten through Grade 12 for students of all nationalities who desire a U.S.
See Myanmar and International School Yangon
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Irrawaddy River
The Irrawaddy River (ဧရာဝတီမြစ်,, Ayeyarwady) is the largest river in Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Irrawaddy River
Isan
Northeast Thailand or Isan (Isan/อีสาน,; translit; also written as Isaan, Isarn, Issarn, Issan, Esan, or Esarn; from Pāli isāna or Sanskrit ईशान्य īśānya "northeast") consists of 20 provinces in northeastern Thailand.
See Myanmar and Isan
Islam in Myanmar
Islam is a minority religion in Myanmar, practised by about 2.1% of the population, according to the 2014 Myanmar official statistics.
See Myanmar and Islam in Myanmar
ISO 3166-2
ISO 3166-2 is part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and defines codes for identifying the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
Isolationism
Isolationism is a term used to refer to a political philosophy advocating a foreign policy that opposes involvement in the political affairs, and especially the wars, of other countries.
Italian language
Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.
See Myanmar and Italian language
IUCN Red List of Ecosystems
The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE) is a global framework for monitoring and documenting the status of ecosystems.
See Myanmar and IUCN Red List of Ecosystems
Jade
Jade is an umbrella term for two different types of decorative rocks used for jewelry or ornaments.
See Myanmar and Jade
Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland. Myanmar and Japan are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Japan during World War II
Japan participated in World War II from 1939 to 1945 as a member of the Axis and encapsulates a significant period in the history of the Empire of Japan, marked by significant military campaigns and geopolitical maneuvers across the Asia-Pacific region.
See Myanmar and Japan during World War II
Japanese invasion of Burma
The Japanese invasion of Burma was the opening phase of the Burma campaign in the South-East Asian theatre of World War II, which took place over four years from 1942 to 1945.
See Myanmar and Japanese invasion of Burma
Japanese occupation of Burma
The Japanese occupation of Burma was the period between 1942 and 1945 during World War II, when Burma was occupied by the Empire of Japan.
See Myanmar and Japanese occupation of Burma
Jingpo language
Jinghpaw (Jinghpaw ga, Jìngphòʔ gà, ဈိာင်ဖေါစ်) or Kachin (ကချင်ဘာသာ) is a Tibeto-Burman language of the Sal branch spoken primarily in Kachin State, Myanmar; Northeast India; and Yunnan, China.
See Myanmar and Jingpo language
Jingpo people
The Jingpo people (ဂျိန်းဖော;; siŋphou) is an ethnic group who are the largest subgroup of the Kachin peoples.
John C. Wells
John Christopher Wells (born 11 March 1939) is a British phonetician and Esperantist.
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS;, ONUSIDA) is the main advocate for accelerated, comprehensive and coordinated global action on the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
See Myanmar and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
Kaba Ma Kyei
The National Anthem (MY) is the national anthem of Myanmar.
Kachin conflict
The Kachin conflict or the Kachin War is one of the multiple conflicts which are collectively referred to as the internal conflict in Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Kachin conflict
Kachin Independence Army
The Kachin Independence Army (KIA; Kachin: Wunpawng Mungdan Shanglawt Hpyen Dap; ကချင်လွတ်လပ်ရေးတပ်မတော်) is a non-state armed group and the military wing of the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), a political group of ethnic Kachins in Northern Myanmar (formerly Burma).
See Myanmar and Kachin Independence Army
Kachin people
The Kachin peoples (Jingpo: Ga Hkyeng), more precisely the Kachin Wunpong (Jingpo: Jinghpaw Wunpawng, "The Kachin Confederation") or simply Wunpong ("The Confederation"), are a confederation of ethnic groups who inhabit the Kachin Hills in Northern Myanmar's Kachin State and neighbouring Yunnan Province, China, and as well as Arunachal Pradesh, Assam in Northeastern India.
Kachin State
Kachin State (ကချင်ပြည်နယ်; Kachin: Jinghpaw Mungdaw) is the northernmost state of Myanmar. Myanmar and Kachin State are 1948 establishments in Burma.
Kaffir lime
Citrus hystrix, called the kaffir lime, Thai lime or makrut lime, is a citrus fruit native to tropical Southeast Asia.
Kanchanaburi
Kanchanaburi (กาญจนบุรี) is a town municipality (thesaban mueang) in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.
Karen people
The Karen, also known as the Kayin, Kariang or Kawthoolese, are an ethnolinguistic group of Tibeto-Burman language-speaking people.
Karenic languages
The Karen or Karenic languages are tonal languages spoken by some 4.5 million Karen people.
See Myanmar and Karenic languages
Karenni language
Karenni or Red Karen (Kayah Li:; ကရင်နီ), known in Burmese as Kayah (ကယား), is a Karen dialect continuum spoken by over half a million Kayah people (Red Karen) in Burma.
See Myanmar and Karenni language
Karenni people
The Karenni (ကရင်နီ), also known as the Kayah (ကယားလူမျိုး) or Kayah Li (Karenni), are a Karen people native to the Kayah State of Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and Karenni people
Karenni States
The Karenni States, also known as Red Karen States, was the name formerly given to the states inhabited mainly by the Red Karen, in the area of present-day Kayah State, eastern Burma.
See Myanmar and Karenni States
Kayah State
Kayah State (ကယားပြည်နယ်), or Karenni State, is a state of Myanmar.
Kayin State
Kayin State (ကရင်ပြည်နယ်,; italics; ကညီကီၢ်စဲၣ်), formerly known as Karen State, is a state of Myanmar.
Kengtung
Kengtung (ဝဵင်းၵဵင်းတုင်, เชียงตุง), also spelt Kyaingtong, is a town in Shan State, Myanmar (formerly Burma).
Khmer Empire
The Khmer Empire was a Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia, centered around hydraulic cities in what is now northern Cambodia.
Khmer people
The Khmer people (ជនជាតិខ្មែរ, UNGEGN:, ALA-LC) are an Austroasiatic ethnic group native to Cambodia and the Mekong Delta.
Kin Maung Yin
Kin Maung Yin (ခင်မောင်ရင်, 1938–2014) was an influential Burmese artist who was recognized as one of the leaders in the first generation of Burma's modern art movement together with Win Pe and Paw Oo Thet.
Kingdom of Ava
The Kingdom of Ava (အင်းဝခေတ်) was the dominant kingdom that ruled upper Burma (Myanmar) from 1365 to 1555.
See Myanmar and Kingdom of Ava
Kingdom of Mrauk U
The Kingdom of Mrauk-U (Arakanese: မြောက်ဦး ဘုရင့်နိုင်ငံတော်) was a kingdom that existed on the Arakan littoral from 1429 to 1785.
See Myanmar and Kingdom of Mrauk U
Kokang Chinese
The Kokang people (or 果敢族 (Guǒgǎn zú); ကိုးကန့်လူမျိုး) are Mandarin-speaking Han Chinese native to Kokang in Myanmar, administered as the Kokang Self-Administered Zone.
See Myanmar and Kokang Chinese
Kolkata
Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta (its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal.
Konbaung dynasty
The Konbaung dynasty (ကုန်းဘောင်မင်းဆက်), also known as the Third Burmese Empire (တတိယမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်), was the last dynasty that ruled Burma/Myanmar from 1752 to 1885.
See Myanmar and Konbaung dynasty
Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War
The Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War (ကုန်းဘောင်-ဟံသာဝတီ စစ်) was the war fought between the Konbaung Dynasty and the Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom of Burma (Myanmar) from 1752 to 1757.
See Myanmar and Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War
Kra–Dai languages
The Kra–Dai languages (also known as Tai–Kadai and Daic), are a language family in mainland Southeast Asia, southern China, and northeastern India.
See Myanmar and Kra–Dai languages
Kra–Dai-speaking peoples
The term Kra–Dai peoples or Kra–Dai-speaking peoples refers collectively to the ethnic groups of southern China and Southeast Asia, stretching from Hainan to Northeast India and from southern Sichuan to Laos, Thailand and parts of Vietnam, who not only speak languages belonging to the Kra–Dai language family, but also share similar traditions, culture and ancestry.
See Myanmar and Kra–Dai-speaking peoples
Kuki-Chin languages
The Kuki-Chin-Mizo languages (also called Kuki-Chin-Mizo, Kukish or South-Central Tibeto-Burman languages) are a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family spoken in northeastern India, western Myanmar and southeastern Bangladesh.
See Myanmar and Kuki-Chin languages
Lahpet
Lahpet, also spelled laphet, laphat, lephet, leppet, or letpet in English, is Burmese for fermented or pickled tea.
Lahu people
The Lahu people (Lāhùzú; Lahu: Ladhulsi / Kawzhawd; La Hủ) are an ethnic group native to China, Myanmar, and the rest of Mainland Southeast Asia.
Lan Na
The Lan Na Kingdom or The Kingdom of Lanna (ᩋᩣᨱᩣᨧᩢᨠ᩠ᨠ᩼ᩃ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨶᨶᩣ,, "Kingdom of a Million Rice Fields"; อาณาจักรล้านนา), also known as Lannathai, and most commonly called Lanna or Lanna Kingdom, was an Indianized state centered in present-day Northern Thailand from the 13th to 18th centuries.
Lan Xang
Lan Xang or Lancang was a Lao kingdom that held the area of present-day Laos from 1353 to 1707.
Laos
Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country and one of the two Marxist-Leninist states in Southeast Asia. Myanmar and Laos are countries in Asia, least developed countries, member states of ASEAN, member states of the United Nations and southeast Asian countries.
See Myanmar and Laos
Least developed countries
The least developed countries (LDCs) are developing countries listed by the United Nations that exhibit the lowest indicators of socioeconomic development.
See Myanmar and Least developed countries
Lethwei
Lethwei (လက်ဝှေ့; IPA) or Burmese boxing is a full contact combat sport from Myanmar that uses stand-up striking including headbutts.
LGBT rights in Myanmar
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Myanmar face severe challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents.
See Myanmar and LGBT rights in Myanmar
List of countries and dependencies by area
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies by land, water, and total area, ranked by total area.
See Myanmar and List of countries and dependencies by area
List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel
This is a list of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel.
See Myanmar and List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel
List of countries by real GDP growth rate
This article includes a lists of countries and dependent territories sorted by their real gross domestic product growth rate; the rate of growth of the value of all final goods and services produced within a state in a given year.
See Myanmar and List of countries by real GDP growth rate
List of countries by system of government
This is a list of sovereign states by constitutionally defined de jure system of government.
See Myanmar and List of countries by system of government
List of ethnic groups in Myanmar
Myanmar (Burma) is an ethnically diverse nation with 135 distinct ethnic groups officially recognised by the Burmese government.
See Myanmar and List of ethnic groups in Myanmar
List of renamed places in Myanmar
Many cities and towns in Myanmar were renamed in 1989 by the State Law and Order Restoration Council following a seizure of power by Saw Maung.
See Myanmar and List of renamed places in Myanmar
Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write.
Lonely Planet
Lonely Planet is a travel guide book publisher.
Long-range penetration
A long-range penetration patrol, group, or force is a special operations unit capable of operating long distances behind enemy lines far away from direct contact with friendly forces as opposed to a Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol, a small group primarily engaged in scouting missions.
See Myanmar and Long-range penetration
Look East policy (India)
The Act East policy is an effort by the Government of India to cultivate extensive economic and strategic relations with the nations of Southeast Asia to bolster its standing as a regional power and a counterweight to the strategic influence of the People's Republic of China.
See Myanmar and Look East policy (India)
Love and Liquor
Love and Liquor (မေတ္တာနှင့်သူရာ; Myitta Hnint Thuyar) is a 1920 Burmese black & white silent film directed by Ohn Maung, written by P Moe Nin and starring Nyi Pu.
See Myanmar and Love and Liquor
Lower Myanmar
Lower Myanmar (အောက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Lower Burma) is a geographic region of Myanmar and includes the low-lying Irrawaddy Delta (Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country (Rakhine and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region).
Lun Gywe
Lun Gywe (လွန်းကြွယ်,; born 24 October 1930) is a Burmese painter who works in oil and watercolor.
Mae Sot
Mae Sot (แม่สอด,; မဲဆောက်,; မႄႈသွတ်ႇ) is a city in western Thailand that shares a border with Myanmar to the west.
Magnolia champaca
Magnolia champaca, known in English as champak, is a large evergreen tree in the family Magnoliaceae.
See Myanmar and Magnolia champaca
Magway Region
Magway Region (မကွေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,; formerly Magway Division) is an administrative division in central Myanmar.
Mahayana
Mahāyāna is a term for a broad group of Buddhist traditions, texts, philosophies, and practices developed in ancient India (onwards).
Mail & Guardian
The Mail & Guardian, formerly the Weekly Mail, is a South African weekly newspaper and website, published by M&G Media in Johannesburg, South Africa.
See Myanmar and Mail & Guardian
Mainland Southeast Asia
Mainland Southeast Asia (also known Indochina or the Indochinese Peninsula) is the continental portion of Southeast Asia.
See Myanmar and Mainland Southeast Asia
Malaysia
Malaysia is a country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar and Malaysia are countries in Asia, member states of ASEAN, member states of the United Nations and southeast Asian countries.
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
Management of HIV/AIDS
The management of HIV/AIDS normally includes the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs as a strategy to control HIV infection.
See Myanmar and Management of HIV/AIDS
Mandalay
Mandalay is the second-largest city in Myanmar, after Yangon.
Mandalay Region
Mandalay Region (မန္တလေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,; formerly Mandalay Division) is an administrative division of Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Mandalay Region
Manipur
Manipur (Kangleipak|) is a state in northeast India, with the city of Imphal as its capital.
Martyrs' Day (Myanmar)
Martyrs' Day (အာဇာနည်နေ့) is a Burmese national holiday observed on 19 July to commemorate Gen.
See Myanmar and Martyrs' Day (Myanmar)
Mawchi
Mawchi is a region in the Bawlake district of the Kayah State (formerly called Karenni State) of Myanmar.
Mawlamyine
Mawlamyine (also spelled Mawlamyaing;,; เมาะลำเลิง; မတ်မလီု), formerly Moulmein, is the fourth-largest city in Myanmar (Burma), World Gazetteer south east of Yangon and south of Thaton, at the mouth of Thanlwin (Salween) River.
Médecins Sans Frontières
italic (MSF; pronounced), also known as Doctors Without Borders, is a charity that provides humanitarian medical care. It is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) of French origin known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases.
See Myanmar and Médecins Sans Frontières
Möng Mao
Muang Mao, also spelled Möng Mao (မိူင်းမၢဝ်း; ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ; မိုင်းမော) or the Mao Kingdom, was an ethnic Tai state that controlled several smaller Tai states or chieftainships along the frontier of what is now Myanmar, China, the states of Northeast India of Assam, and Arunachal Pradesh, principally set in the Dehong region of Yunnan with a capital near the modern-day border town of Ruili/Meng Mao.
Meitei people
The Meitei people, Meetei,P.20: "historically, academically and conventionally Manipuri prominently refers to the Meetei people."P.24: "For the Meeteis, Manipuris comprise Meeteis, Lois, Kukis, Nagas and Pangal." Manipuri people is an ethnic group native to Manipur.
Mekong
The Mekong or Mekong River is a trans-boundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia.
Merrill's Marauders
Merrill’s Marauders (named after Frank Merrill) or Unit Galahad, officially named the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional), was a United States Army long range penetration special operations jungle warfare unit, which fought in the Southeast Asian theater of World War II, or China-Burma-India Theater (CBI).
See Myanmar and Merrill's Marauders
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.
See Myanmar and Methamphetamine
Middle East Institute
The Middle East Institute (MEI) is a non-profit, non-partisan think tank and cultural centre in Washington, D.C., founded in 1946.
See Myanmar and Middle East Institute
Migrant worker
A migrant worker is a person who migrates within a home country or outside it to pursue work.
See Myanmar and Migrant worker
Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship, or a military regime, is a type of dictatorship in which power is held by one or more military officers. Myanmar and military dictatorship are military dictatorships.
See Myanmar and Military dictatorship
Military government
A military government is any government that is administered by a military, whether or not this government is legal under the laws of the jurisdiction at issue or by an occupying power. Myanmar and military government are military dictatorships.
See Myanmar and Military government
Military junta
A military junta is a government led by a committee of military leaders. Myanmar and military junta are military dictatorships.
See Myanmar and Military junta
Min Aung Hlaing
Min Aung Hlaing (မင်းအောင်လှိုင်;; born 3 July 1956) is a Burmese army general who has ruled Myanmar as the chairman of the State Administration Council (SAC) since seizing power in the February 2021 coup d'état.
See Myanmar and Min Aung Hlaing
Mindon Min
Mindon Min (မင်းတုန်းမင်း,; 1808 – 1878), born Maung Lwin, was the penultimate king of Burma (Myanmar) from 1853 to 1878.
Mineral
In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form.
Ministry of Education (Myanmar)
The Ministry of Education (ပညာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန,; abbreviated MOE) is the Myanmar government agency responsible for education in Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Ministry of Education (Myanmar)
Ministry of Health (Myanmar)
The Ministry of Health (ကျန်းမာရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန,; abbreviated MOH) is a national government-run ministry administering health affairs and health care in Myanmar, including all of the medical schools.
See Myanmar and Ministry of Health (Myanmar)
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) is a Myanmar government ministry, founded by the merger of the Ministry of Mines and the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry by then-president Htin Kyaw in 2016.
See Myanmar and Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation
Minority group
The term "minority group" has different usages, depending on the context.
See Myanmar and Minority group
Mizoram
Mizoram is a state in northeastern India, with Aizawl as its seat of government and largest city.
Mogok Township
Mogok Township (also spelled as Mogoke Township) is a township of Thabeikkyin District in Mandalay Region, Burma (Myanmar).
See Myanmar and Mogok Township
Mohinga
Mohinga (also spelt mont hin gar) is the national dish of Myanmar.
Mon kingdoms
Mon kingdoms were polities established by the Mon-speaking people in parts of present-day Myanmar and Thailand.
Mon language
The Mon language (ဘာသာမန်; Mon-Thai ဘာသာမည်; မွန်ဘာသာစကား; ภาษามอญ; formerly known as Peguan and Talaing) is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Mon people.
Mon people
The Mon (ဂကူမန်; Thai Mon.
Mon State
Mon State (မွန်ပြည်နယ်,; italics) is an administrative division of Myanmar.
Monkey
Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as the simians.
Monsoon
A monsoon is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscillation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) between its limits to the north and south of the equator.
Monywa District
Monywa District (မုံရွာခရိုင်) (formerly Lower Chindwin District) is an administrative district in southern Sagaing Division, Burma (Myanmar).
See Myanmar and Monywa District
Mountain chain
A mountain chain is a row of high mountain summits, a linear sequence of interconnected or related mountains, or a contiguous ridge of mountains within a larger mountain range.
See Myanmar and Mountain chain
Mrauk U
Mrauk U is a town in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar.
Multi-party system
In political science, a multi-party system is a political system where more than two meaningfully-distinct political parties regularly run for office and win elections.
See Myanmar and Multi-party system
Multiculturalism
The term multiculturalism has a range of meanings within the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and colloquial use.
See Myanmar and Multiculturalism
Multiracial people
The terms multiracial people or mixed-race people refer to people who are of more than two ''races'', and the terms multi-ethnic people or ethnically mixed people refer to people who are of more than two ethnicities.
See Myanmar and Multiracial people
Mumbai
Mumbai (ISO:; formerly known as Bombay) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
Muse, Myanmar
Muse (မူႇၸေႊ) is the capital of Mu Se Township (also spelled as Muse Township) in northern Shan State, Myanmar.
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Mya Tun Oo
Mya Tun Oo (မြထွန်းဦး;; born 5 May 1961) is a Burmese army general and politician who currently serves as the Deputy Prime Minister of Myanmar and Minister of Defence of Myanmar since February 2023, prior to which he held the position of Minister of Defence and is a member of the State Administration Council (SAC) since February 2021.
Myanmar Air Force
The Myanmar Air Force (တပ်မတော် (လေ)), known until 1989 as the Burmese Air Force, is the aerial branch of Myanmar's armed forces, the Tatmadaw.
See Myanmar and Myanmar Air Force
Myanmar Army
The Myanmar Army (တပ်မတော်(ကြည်း)) is the largest branch of the Armed Forces (''Tatmadaw'') of Myanmar (formerly Burma) and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations.
Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
The Myanmar civil war, also called the Burmese Spring Revolution, Burmese civil war or People's Defensive War, is an ongoing civil war following Myanmar's long-running insurgencies, which escalated significantly in response to the 2021 military coup d'état and the subsequent violent crackdown on anti-coup protests.
See Myanmar and Myanmar civil war (2021–present)
Myanmar Coast mangroves
The Burmese or Myanmar Coast mangroves are an ecoregion in Burma, Malaysia, Thailand and Bangladesh where there were once thick forests of mangroves but today most has been cleared, resulting in loss of habitat for wildlife.
See Myanmar and Myanmar Coast mangroves
Myanmar conflict
Insurgencies have been ongoing in Myanmar since 1948, when the country, then known as Burma, gained independence from the United Kingdom.
See Myanmar and Myanmar conflict
Myanmar Football Federation
The Myanmar Football Federation (MFF; မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ ဘောလုံး အဖွဲ့ချုပ်) is the governing body of football in Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Myanmar Football Federation
Myanmar International School
Myanmar International School (MIS) is an independent coeducational day school, (Nursery school to Year 13) located in Yangon, Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Myanmar International School
Myanmar kyat
The kyat (or; ကျပ်; ISO 4217 code MMK) is the currency of Myanmar (Burma).
Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
The Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) is an armed resistance group in the Kokang region of Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
Myanmar national football team
The Myanmar national football team (မြန်မာ့လက်ရွေးစင်အမျိုးသားအသင်း) represents Myanmar in men's international association football and is governed by the Myanmar Football Federation.
See Myanmar and Myanmar national football team
Myanmar National Human Rights Commission
The Myanmar National Human Rights Commission (မြန်မာနိုင်ငံ အမျိုးသားလူ့အခွင့်အရေး ကော်မရှင်, abbreviated MNHRC) is the independent national human rights commission of Myanmar, consisting of 11 retired bureaucrats and academics.
See Myanmar and Myanmar National Human Rights Commission
Myanmar nationality law
The Nationality law of Myanmar currently recognises three categories of citizens, namely citizen, associate citizen and naturalised citizen, according to the 1982 Citizenship Law.
See Myanmar and Myanmar nationality law
Myanmar Navy
The Myanmar Navy (တပ်မတော် (ရေ)) is the naval warfare branch of the armed forces of Myanmar.
Myanmar protests (2021–present)
Protests in Myanmar, known locally as the Spring Revolution (နွေဦးတော်လှန်ရေး), began in early 2021 in opposition to the coup d'état on 1spacesFebruary, staged by Min Aung Hlaing, the commander-in-chief of the country's armed forces, the Tatmadaw.
See Myanmar and Myanmar protests (2021–present)
Myanmar Standard Time
Myanmar Standard Time (မြန်မာ စံတော်ချိန်), formerly Burma Standard Time (BST), is the standard time in Myanmar, 6.5 hours ahead of UTC.
See Myanmar and Myanmar Standard Time
Myawaddy
Myawaddy (မြဝတီ; เมียวดี;;; Phlone) is a town in southeastern Myanmar, in Kayin State, close to the border with Thailand.
Myeik, Myanmar
Myeik (or; ဗိက်,; มะริด,,; formerly Mergui) is a rural city in Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar, located in the extreme south of the country on the coast off an island on the Andaman Sea.
See Myanmar and Myeik, Myanmar
Myint Swe
Myint Swe (မြင့်ဆွေ;; born 24 May 1951) is a Burmese politician and retired army general who is currently Vice President of Myanmar since 30 March 2016 and previously served as Acting President of Myanmar from 1 February 2021 to 22 July 2024 making him the longest serving Acting President in Myanmar history.
Myna
The mynas (also spelled mynah) are a group of birds in the starling family (Sturnidae).
See Myanmar and Myna
Nagaland
Nagaland is a state in the north-eastern region of India.
Nanzhao
Nanzhao (also spelled Nanchao,, Yi language: ꂷꏂꌅ, Mashynzy) was a dynastic kingdom that flourished in what is now southwestern China and northern Southeast Asia during the 8th and 9th centuries, during the mid/late Tang dynasty.
Nat (deity)
The nats (နတ်; MLCTS: nat) are god-like spirits venerated in Myanmar and neighbouring countries in conjunction with Buddhism.
National Archives and Records Administration
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government within the executive branch, charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records.
See Myanmar and National Archives and Records Administration
National League for Democracy
The National League for Democracy (အမျိုးသား ဒီမိုကရေစီ အဖွဲ့ချုပ်,; abbr. NLD; Burmese abbr. ဒီချုပ်) is a deregistered liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and National League for Democracy
Nationalization
Nationalization (nationalisation in British English) is the process of transforming privately-owned assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state.
See Myanmar and Nationalization
Natural gas
Natural gas (also called fossil gas, methane gas or simply gas) is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane (95%) in addition to various smaller amounts of other higher alkanes.
Natural resource
Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications.
See Myanmar and Natural resource
Naypyidaw
Naypyidaw (officially romanized Nay Pyi Taw and also spelled as Naypyitaw and Nay Pyi Daw), is the capital and third-largest city of Myanmar.
Ne Win
Ne Win (နေဝင်း;; 24 May 1911 – 5 December 2002), born Shu Maung, was a Burmese army general, politician and military commander who served as Prime Minister of Burma from 1958 to 1960 and 1962 to 1974, and also President of Burma from 1962 to 1981.
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
Nepalis
Nepali (also Nepalese; नेपाली) are the citizens of Nepal under the provisions of Nepali nationality law.
Networked Readiness Index
The Networked Readiness Index is an index published annually by the World Economic Forum in collaboration with INSEAD, as part of their annual Global Information Technology Report.
See Myanmar and Networked Readiness Index
Ngapi
Ngapi (ငါးပိ) is a pungent paste made of either fish or shrimp used in Burmese cuisine.
Ngwe Gaing
Ngwe Gaing (ငွေကိုင်; 1901–1967) was a Burmese artist who worked in both oil and watercolor.
Ngwesaung
Ngwesaung (ငွေဆောင်), also spelt Ngwe Hsaung, is a beach resort located 48 km west of Pathein, Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar.
Nikkei Asia
Nikkei Asia, known as Nikkei Asian Review between 2013 and 2020, is a major Japan-based English-language weekly news magazine focused on the Asian continent, although it also covers broader international developments.
Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems.
See Myanmar and Nitrogen cycle
Non-Aligned Movement
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc.
See Myanmar and Non-Aligned Movement
Norway
Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula. Myanmar and Norway are member states of the United Nations.
Nuclear proliferation
Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT.
See Myanmar and Nuclear proliferation
Nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions.
See Myanmar and Nuclear reactor
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is a department of the United Nations Secretariat that works to promote and protect human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.
See Myanmar and Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
One-party state
A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a governance structure in which only a single political party controls the ruling system.
See Myanmar and One-party state
Operation Dragon King
Operation Dragon King (နဂါးမင်း စစ်ဆင်ရေး), officially known as Operation Nagamin in English, was a military operation carried in 1978 out by the Tatmadaw and immigration officials in northern Arakan, Burma (present-day Rakhine State, Myanmar), during the socialist rule of Ne Win.
See Myanmar and Operation Dragon King
Opium
Opium (or poppy tears, scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is dried latex obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy Papaver somniferum.
Opium production in Afghanistan
Afghanistan has long had a history of opium poppy cultivation and harvest.
See Myanmar and Opium production in Afghanistan
Orde Wingate
Major General Orde Charles Wingate, (26 February 1903 – 24 March 1944) was a senior British Army officer known for his creation of the Chindit deep-penetration missions in Japanese-held territory during the Burma Campaign of the Second World War.
Outline of Myanmar
The location of Myanmar An enlargeable map of Myanmar The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Myanmar: Myanmar, also known as Burma, is the most extensive country in mainland Southeast Asia.
See Myanmar and Outline of Myanmar
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Myanmar and Oxford University Press
Padah-Lin Caves
The Padah-Lin Caves (ဗဒလင်းဂူ,; also Padalin or Badalin) are limestone caves located in Taunggyi District, Shan State, Burma (Myanmar).
See Myanmar and Padah-Lin Caves
Pagan Kingdom
The Kingdom of Pagan (ပုဂံခေတ်,,; also known as the Pagan dynasty and the Pagan Empire; also the Bagan dynasty or Bagan Empire) was the first Burmese kingdom to unify the regions that would later constitute modern-day Myanmar.
Pagoda festival
Pagoda festivals (ဘုရားပွဲ; paya pwe) are regular festivals found throughout Myanmar that commemorate major religious events in pagoda's history, including the founding of a pagoda and the crowning of the pagoda's hti (umbrella).
See Myanmar and Pagoda festival
Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. Myanmar and Pakistan are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Palaung language
Palaung or Ta'ang, also known as De'ang, is a Austroasiatic dialect cluster spoken by over half a million people in Burma (Shan State) and neighboring countries.
See Myanmar and Palaung language
Pali
Pāli, also known as Pali-Magadhi, is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language on the Indian subcontinent.
See Myanmar and Pali
PAN Parks
The PAN Parks Foundation was a non-governmental organisation that aimed to protect Europe's wildernesses.
Panglong Agreement
The Panglong Agreement (ပင်လုံစာချုပ်) was reached in Panglong, Southern Shan State, between the Burmese government under Aung San and the Shan, Kachin, and Chin peoples on 12 February 1947.
See Myanmar and Panglong Agreement
Panglong Conference
The Panglong Conference (ပင်လုံညီလာခံ), held in February 1947, was a historic meeting that took place at Panglong in the Shan States in Burma between the Shan, Kachin and Chin ethnic minority leaders and Aung San, head of the interim Burmese government.
See Myanmar and Panglong Conference
Parliament
In modern politics, and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government.
Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.
See Myanmar and Parliamentary system
Pathein
Pathein (ဖာသီ), formerly called Bassein, is the largest city and the capital of the Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar (Burma).
Peafowl
Peafowl is a common name for two bird species of the genus Pavo and one species of the closely related genus Afropavo within the tribe Pavonini of the family Phasianidae (the pheasants and their allies).
Pearl
A pearl is a hard, glistening object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled mollusk or another animal, such as fossil conulariids.
Pegu Range
The Pegu Range (ပဲခူးရိုးမ; Pegu Yoma or Bago Yoma) is a range of low mountains or hillsSeekins, Donald M. (2006) Historical dictionary of Burma (Myanmar) Scarecrow Press, Lanham, Maryland,, and uplands between the Irrawaddy and the Sittaung River in central Burma (Myanmar).
People's Defence Force (Myanmar)
The People's Defence Force is the armed wing of the National Unity Government in Myanmar. The armed wing was formed by the NUG from youths and pro-democracy activists on 5 May 2021 in response to the coup d'état that occurred on 1 February 2021 that put the military junta and their armed wing the Tatmadaw in power.
See Myanmar and People's Defence Force (Myanmar)
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
See Myanmar and Pew Research Center
Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Myanmar and Philippines are countries in Asia, member states of ASEAN, member states of the United Nations and southeast Asian countries.
Phu Nam Ron
Phu Nam Ron (พุน้ำร้อน) is a pass across the Tenasserim Hills on the border between Thailand and Myanmar, at an elevation of.
Pindaya
Pindaya (ပင်းတယမြို့ Pìñṯáyá myoú) is a town in the Shan State of Burma.
Plant
Plants are the eukaryotes that form the kingdom Plantae; they are predominantly photosynthetic.
Ploceidae
Ploceidae is a family of small passerine birds, many of which are called weavers, weaverbirds, weaver finches, or bishops.
Po Po
Po Po (born 1957) is a Burmese installation and performance artist.
Political prisoner
A political prisoner is someone imprisoned for their political activity.
See Myanmar and Political prisoner
Political repression
Political repression is the act of a state entity controlling a citizenry by force for political reasons, particularly for the purpose of restricting or preventing the citizenry's ability to take part in the political life of a society, thereby reducing their standing among their fellow citizens.
See Myanmar and Political repression
Politics of Myanmar
Myanmar (formerly Burma) operates de jure as a unitary assembly-independent presidential republic under its 2008 constitution.
See Myanmar and Politics of Myanmar
Pongyi thaing
Pongyi thaing (ဘုန်းကြီးသိုင်း) is a Burmese martial art created by the monk Oopali in the 9th century.
Portuguese Empire
The Portuguese Empire (Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas or the Portuguese Colonial Empire, was composed of the overseas colonies, factories, and later overseas territories, governed by the Kingdom of Portugal, and later the Republic of Portugal.
See Myanmar and Portuguese Empire
Precipitation
In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls from clouds due to gravitational pull.
Presidencies and provinces of British India
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent.
See Myanmar and Presidencies and provinces of British India
President of Myanmar
The president of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is the head of state and constitutional head of government of Myanmar. Myanmar and president of Myanmar are 1948 establishments in Burma.
See Myanmar and President of Myanmar
Prime Minister of Myanmar
The prime minister of Myanmar is the head of government of Myanmar. Myanmar and prime Minister of Myanmar are 1948 establishments in Burma.
See Myanmar and Prime Minister of Myanmar
Protest
A protest (also called a demonstration, remonstration, or remonstrance) is a public expression of objection, disapproval, or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one.
Pteropus
Pteropus (suborder Yinpterochiroptera) is a genus of megabats which are among the largest bats in the world.
Purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies.
See Myanmar and Purchasing power parity
Putao District
Putao District (ပူတာအိုခရိုင်) is the northernmost district of Myanmar and part of the Kachin State in northern Burma bordering China.
See Myanmar and Putao District
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (ပြည်ထောင်စု လွှတ်တော် lit. Assembly of the Union) is the de jure national-level bicameral legislature of Myanmar (officially known as the Republic of the Union of Myanmar) established by the 2008 National Constitution.
See Myanmar and Pyidaungsu Hluttaw
Pyin Oo Lwin
Pyin Oo Lwin or Pyin U Lwin (Shan), formerly and colloquially referred to as Maymyo, is a scenic hill town in the Mandalay Region, Myanmar, some east of Mandalay, and at an elevation of.
Pyinmana
Pyinmana (population: 100,000 (2006 estimate)) is a logging town and sugarcane refinery center in the Naypyidaw Union Territory of Myanmar.
Pyithu Hluttaw
The Pyithu Hluttaw (ပြည်သူ့ လွှတ်တော်,; House of Representatives) is the de jure lower house of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the bicameral legislature of Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and Pyithu Hluttaw
Pyu city-states
The Pyu city-states (ပျူ မြို့ပြ နိုင်ငံများ) were a group of city-states that existed from about the 2nd century BCE to the mid-11th century in present-day Upper Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and Pyu city-states
Pyu language (Sino-Tibetan)
The Pyu language (Pyu:; ပျူ ဘာသာ,; also Tircul language) is an extinct Sino-Tibetan language that was mainly spoken in what is now Myanmar in the first millennium CE.
See Myanmar and Pyu language (Sino-Tibetan)
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.
Quebec City
Quebec City (or; Ville de Québec), officially known as Québec, is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec.
Radio Australia
ABC Radio Australia, also known as Radio Australia, is the international broadcasting and online service operated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), Australia's public broadcaster.
See Myanmar and Radio Australia
Radio Free Asia
Radio Free Asia (RFA) is an American government-funded non-profit corporation operating a news service that broadcasts radio programs and publishes online news, information, and commentary for its audiences in Asia.
See Myanmar and Radio Free Asia
Rakhine language
Rakhine (ရခိုင်ဘာသာ, MLCTS: ra.hkuing bhasa), also known as Arakanese, is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in western Myanmar, primarily in the Rakhine State.
See Myanmar and Rakhine language
Rakhine people
The Rakhine (Burmese and ရခိုင်လူမျိုး) or Arakanese are a Southeast Asian ethnic group in Myanmar (Burma) forming the majority along the coastal region of present-day Rakhine State (formerly called Arakan), although Rakhine communities also exist throughout the country, particularly in the Ayeyarwady and Yangon Regions.
See Myanmar and Rakhine people
Rakhine State
Rakhine State (Rakhine and), formerly known as Arakan State, is a state in Myanmar (Burma).
Ramayana
The Ramayana (translit-std), also known as Valmiki Ramayana, as traditionally attributed to Valmiki, is a smriti text (also described as a Sanskrit epic) from ancient India, one of the two important epics of Hinduism known as the Itihasas, the other being the Mahabharata.
Rare-earth element
The rare-earth elements (REE), also called the rare-earth metals or rare earths or, in context, rare-earth oxides, and sometimes the lanthanides (although scandium and yttrium, which do not belong to this series, are usually included as rare earths), are a set of 17 nearly indistinguishable lustrous silvery-white soft heavy metals.
See Myanmar and Rare-earth element
Red junglefowl
The red junglefowl (Gallus gallus), also known as the Indian red junglefowl (and formerly the bankiva or bankiva-fowl), is a species of tropical, predominantly terrestrial bird in the fowl and pheasant family, Phasianidae, found across much of Southeast and parts of South Asia.
See Myanmar and Red junglefowl
Refugee
A refugee, conventionally speaking, is a person who has lost the protection of their country of origin and who cannot or is unwilling to return there due to well-founded fear of persecution. Such a person may be called an asylum seeker until granted refugee status by a contracting state or by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) if they formally make a claim for asylum.
Register (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, a register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or particular communicative situation.
See Myanmar and Register (sociolinguistics)
Religion in Myanmar
Myanmar (Burma) is a Buddhist majority country with a significant minority of Christians and other groups residing in the country.
See Myanmar and Religion in Myanmar
Remote sensing
Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation.
See Myanmar and Remote sensing
Renewable energy
Renewable energy (or green energy) is energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale.
See Myanmar and Renewable energy
Reptile
Reptiles, as commonly defined, are a group of tetrapods with usually an ectothermic ('cold-blooded') metabolism and amniotic development.
Republic
A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy.
Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
The Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom (ဟံသာဝတီ နေပြည်တော်သစ်), also known as the Neo-Ramanic State was the kingdom that ruled Lower Burma and parts of Upper Burma from 1740 to 1757.
See Myanmar and Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom
Reuters
Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.
Rhinoceros
A rhinoceros (rhinoceros or rhinoceroses), commonly abbreviated to rhino, is a member of any of the five extant species (or numerous extinct species) of odd-toed ungulates in the family Rhinocerotidae; it can also refer to a member of any of the extinct species of the superfamily Rhinocerotoidea.
Rice
Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa.
See Myanmar and Rice
Rice production in Myanmar
Rice production in Myanmar accounts for approximately 43% of total agricultural production in the country, making it the seventh largest producer of rice in the world.
See Myanmar and Rice production in Myanmar
River delta
A river delta is a landform shaped like a triangle, created by the deposition of sediment that is carried by a river and enters slower-moving or stagnant water.
Roadmap to democracy
Myanmar's roadmap to democracy (ဒီမိုကရေစီလမ်းပြမြေပုံ ၇ ချက်; officially the Roadmap to Discipline-flourishing Democracy), announced by General Khin Nyunt on 30 August 2003 in state media, provided a seven-step process in restoring democracy in the country.
See Myanmar and Roadmap to democracy
Rohingya conflict
The Rohingya conflict is an ongoing conflict in the northern part of Myanmar's Rakhine State (formerly known as Arakan), characterised by sectarian violence between the Rohingya Muslim and Rakhine Buddhist communities, a military crackdown on Rohingya civilians by Myanmar's security forces, and militant attacks by Rohingya insurgents in Buthidaung, Maungdaw, and Rathedaung Townships, which border Bangladesh.
See Myanmar and Rohingya conflict
Rohingya people
The Rohingya people (Rohingya) are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Rohingya people
Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spelling: Roumanian; limba română, or românește) is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova.
See Myanmar and Romanian language
Rose-ringed parakeet
The rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri), also known as the ring-necked parakeet, ringneck parrot (in aviculture) or the Kramer parrot, is a medium-sized parrot in the genus Psittacula, of the family Psittacidae.
See Myanmar and Rose-ringed parakeet
Ruby
Ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide).
See Myanmar and Ruby
Ruili
Ruili (ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥝᥰ; မိူင်းမၢဝ်း; เมืองมาว; ရွှေလီ) is a county-level city of Dehong Prefecture, in the west of Yunnan province, China.
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. Myanmar and Russia are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Saffron Revolution
The Saffron Revolution (ရွှေဝါရောင်တော်လှန်ရေး) was a series of economic and political protests and demonstrations that took place during August, September, and October 2007 in Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Saffron Revolution
Sagaing Region
Sagaing Region (စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,; formerly Sagaing Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the north-western part of the country between latitude 21° 30' north and longitude 94° 97' east.
See Myanmar and Sagaing Region
Salween River
The Salween is a Southeast Asian river, about long, flowing from the Tibetan Plateau south into the Andaman Sea. The Salween flows primarily within southwest China and eastern Myanmar (Burma), with a short section forming the border of Burma and Thailand. Throughout most of its course, it runs swiftly through rugged mountain canyons.
Samantha Power
Samantha Jane Power (born September 21, 1970) is a British-American journalist, diplomat, and government official who is currently serving as the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development.
See Myanmar and Samantha Power
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.
Sao Shwe Thaik
Sao Shwe Thaik (ၸဝ်ႈၶမ်းသိူၵ်ႈ, Tsaw³ Kham⁴soek³; စဝ်ရွှေသိုက်,; 16 October 1895 – 21 November 1962) was a Burmese politician who served as the first president of the Union of Burma and the last Saopha of Yawnghwe.
See Myanmar and Sao Shwe Thaik
Saw Maung
Saw Maung (စောမောင်;; 5 December 1928 – 24 July 1997) was a Burmese army general and statesman who served as Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) in Myanmar and Prime Minister of Burma from 1988 until 1992, when he was deposed by rival generals who disapproved Saw Maung decisions that were in favor of Aung San Suu Kyi.
Scorched earth
A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy of destroying everything that allows an enemy military force to be able to fight a war, including the deprivation and destruction of water, food, humans, animals, plants and any kind of tools and infrastructure.
See Myanmar and Scorched earth
Second Anglo-Burmese War
The Second Anglo-Burmese War or the Second Burma War (ဒုတိယ အင်္ဂလိပ် မြန်မာ စစ်; 5 April 185220 January 1853) was the second of the three wars fought between the Burmese Empire and British Empire during the 19th century.
See Myanmar and Second Anglo-Burmese War
Secretary-General of the United Nations
The secretary-general of the United Nations (UNSG or UNSECGEN) is the chief administrative officer of the United Nations and head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
See Myanmar and Secretary-General of the United Nations
Sex worker
A sex worker is a person who provides sex work, either on a regular or occasional basis.
Shan Hills
The Shan Hills (ရှမ်းရိုးမ; Shan Yoma), also known as Shan Highland, is a vast mountainous zone that extends through Yunnan to Myanmar and Thailand.
Shan language
The Shan language is the native language of the Shan people and is mostly spoken in Shan State, Myanmar.
Shan people
The Shan people (တႆး,; ရှမ်းလူမျိုး), also known as the Tai Long or Tai Yai, are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia.
Shan State
Shan State (italics,; ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်) is a state of Myanmar.
Shan States
The Shan States (1885–1948) were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called muang whose rulers bore the title saopha in British Burma.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001.
See Myanmar and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
Shinbyu
Shinbyu (also spelt shinpyu) is the Burmese term for a novitiation ceremony (pabbajja) in the tradition of Theravada Buddhism, referring to the celebrations marking the sāmaṇera (novitiate) monastic ordination of a boy under the age of 20.
Shwedagon Pagoda
The Shwedagon Pagoda; ကျာ်ဒဂုၚ်; officially named Shwedagon Zedi Daw (ရွှေတိဂုံစေတီတော်) and also known as the Great Dagon Pagoda and the Golden Pagoda is a gilded stupa located in Yangon, Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Shwedagon Pagoda
Silent film
A silent film is a film without synchronized recorded sound (or more generally, no audible dialogue).
Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. Myanmar and Singapore are countries in Asia, member states of ASEAN, member states of the United Nations and southeast Asian countries.
Sino-Burmese War
The Sino-Burmese War (တရုတ်-မြန်မာ စစ်ပွဲများ), also known as the Qing invasions of Burma or the Myanmar campaign of the Qing dynasty, was a war fought between the Qing dynasty of China and the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (Myanmar).
See Myanmar and Sino-Burmese War
Sino-Tibetan languages
Sino-Tibetan, also cited as Trans-Himalayan in a few sources, is a family of more than 400 languages, second only to Indo-European in number of native speakers.
See Myanmar and Sino-Tibetan languages
Sittaung River
The Sittaung River (စစ်တောင်းမြစ်; formerly, the Sittang or Sittoung) is a river in south central Myanmar in Bago Division.
See Myanmar and Sittaung River
Sittwe
Sittwe, formerly Akyab (အာကျပ်), is the capital of Rakhine State, Myanmar (Burma).
Slate (magazine)
Slate is an online magazine that covers current affairs, politics, and culture in the United States.
See Myanmar and Slate (magazine)
Social media
Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation, sharing and aggregation of content (such as ideas, interests, and other forms of expression) amongst virtual communities and networks.
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
Burma (Myanmar) was under the military dictatorship of Ne Win from 1962 to 1988. Myanmar and Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma are former socialist republics and military dictatorships.
See Myanmar and Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma
Soe Win (general)
Soe Win (စိုးဝင်း;; born 1 March 1960) is a Burmese army general and the current Deputy Prime Minister of Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Soe Win (general)
Solar power
Solar power, also known as solar electricity, is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly using concentrated solar power.
Sound film
A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film.
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
See Myanmar and Southeast Asia
Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See Myanmar and Spanish language
Spelling pronunciation
A spelling pronunciation is the pronunciation of a word according to its spelling when this differs from a longstanding standard or traditional pronunciation.
See Myanmar and Spelling pronunciation
State Administration Council
The State Administration Council (နိုင်ငံတော်စီမံအုပ်ချုပ်ရေးကောင်စီ; abbreviated SAC or နစက) is the military junta currently governing Myanmar, established by Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing following the February 2021 coup d'état and the declaration of a state of emergency by the National Defence and Security Council.
See Myanmar and State Administration Council
State Counsellor of Myanmar
The state counsellor of Myanmar (နိုင်ငံတော်၏ အတိုင်ပင်ခံပုဂ္ဂိုလ်) was the de facto head of government of Myanmar, equivalent to a prime minister, from 2016 to 2021.
See Myanmar and State Counsellor of Myanmar
State Peace and Development Council
The State Peace and Development Council (နိုင်ငံတော် အေးချမ်းသာယာရေး နှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေး ကောင်စီ; abbreviated SPDC or) was the official name of the military government of Burma (Myanmar) which, in 1997, succeeded the State Law and Order Restoration Council (နိုင်ငံတော် ငြိမ်ဝပ်ပိပြားမှု တည်ဆောက်ရေးအဖွဲ့; abbreviated SLORC or) that had seized power under the rule of Saw Maung in 1988.
See Myanmar and State Peace and Development Council
State religion
A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.
See Myanmar and State religion
Statelessness
In international law, a stateless person is someone who is "not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law".
Sub-replacement fertility
Sub-replacement fertility is a total fertility rate (TFR) that (if sustained) leads to each new generation being less populous than the older, previous one in a given area.
See Myanmar and Sub-replacement fertility
Supermajority
A supermajority (also called supra-majority, supramajority, qualified majority, or special majority) is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of more than one-half used for a simple majority.
Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. Myanmar and Switzerland are member states of the United Nations.
Tabinshwehti
Tabinshwehti (တပင်ရွှေထီး,; 16 April 1516 – 30 April 1550) was king of Burma (Myanmar) from 1530 to 1550, and the founder of the First Toungoo Empire.
Tanintharyi Region
Tanintharyi Region (တနင်္သာရီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,; Mon: italics or italics; formerly Tenasserim Division and Tanintharyi Division) is a region of Myanmar, covering the long narrow southern part of the country on the northern Malay Peninsula, reaching to the Kra Isthmus.
See Myanmar and Tanintharyi Region
Tatmadaw
The Tatmadaw or Sit-Tat is the military of Myanmar (formerly Burma).
Teak
Teak (Tectona grandis) is a tropical hardwood tree species in the family Lamiaceae.
See Myanmar and Teak
Teak in Myanmar
Teak, tectona grandis, is a hardwood tree native to much of South and Southeast Asia, including Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Teak in Myanmar
Telephone numbers in Myanmar
Telephone numbers in Myanmar are 8 to 11 digits long including the trunk prefix.
See Myanmar and Telephone numbers in Myanmar
Tenasserim Hills
The Tenasserim Hills or Tenasserim Range (တနင်္သာရီ တောင်တန်း,; ทิวเขาตะนาวศรี,,; Banjaran Tanah Seri/Banjaran Tenang Sari) is the geographical name of a roughly 1,700 km long mountain chain, part of the Indo-Malayan mountain system in Southeast Asia.
See Myanmar and Tenasserim Hills
Tenasserim Island
Tenasserim Island is an island in the Mergui Archipelago, Burma (Myanmar).
See Myanmar and Tenasserim Island
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula. Myanmar and Thailand are countries in Asia, member states of ASEAN, member states of the United Nations and southeast Asian countries.
Than Kywe
Myoma Than Kywe (မြို့မ သန်းကြွယ်,; 26 December 1924 – 22 September 1983) was a Burmese politician.
Than Shwe
Than Shwe (သန်းရွှေ;; born 2 February 1933) is a retired Burmese army general who held influential positions within Myanmar's government.
Than Swe (diplomat)
Than Swe (သန်းဆွေ) is a Burmese diplomat and military officer.
See Myanmar and Than Swe (diplomat)
Thandwe
Thandwe ("Thandway" in Arakanese;; formerly Sandoway), historically called Dwaraddy, is a town and major seaport in Rakhine State, the westernmost part of Myanmar.
Thanlyin
Thanlyin (or; သေၚ်,; formerly Syriam) is a major port city of Myanmar, located across Bago River from the city of Yangon.
Thant Myint-U
Thant Myint-U (သန့်မြင့်ဦး.; born 31 January 1966) is a Burmese-American historian, writer, grandson of former United Nations Secretary-General U Thant, former UN official, and former special advisor to the president for the peace process.
The Diplomat
The Diplomat is an international online news magazine covering politics, society, and culture in the Indo-Pacific region.
The Hindu
The Hindu is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The Hindu Group, headquartered in Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
The Irrawaddy
The Irrawaddy is a news website by the Irrawaddy Publishing Group (IPG), founded in 1990 by Burmese exiles living in Thailand.
The Lady (2011 film)
The Lady is a 2011 British biographical film directed by Luc Besson, starring Michelle Yeoh as Aung San Suu Kyi and David Thewlis as her late husband Michael Aris.
See Myanmar and The Lady (2011 film)
The New Humanitarian
The New Humanitarian, previously known as IRIN News, or Integrated Regional Information Networks News, is an independent, non-profit news agency.
See Myanmar and The New Humanitarian
The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
See Myanmar and The New York Times
The Wire (India)
The Wire is an Indian nonprofit news and opinion website.
See Myanmar and The Wire (India)
The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
See Myanmar and The World Factbook
Thein Sein
Thein Sein (သိန်းစိန်; IPA:; born 20 April 1944) is a Burmese politician and retired general in the Myanmar Army who served as the eighth President of Myanmar from 2011 to 2016.
Theravada
Theravāda ('School of the Elders') is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school.
Third Anglo-Burmese War
The Third Anglo-Burmese War (Tatiya Anggalip–Mran cac), also known as the Third Burma War, took place during 7–29 November 1885, with sporadic resistance continuing into 1887.
See Myanmar and Third Anglo-Burmese War
Thomson Reuters Foundation
Thomson Reuters Foundation is a London-based charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, a Canadian news conglomerate.
See Myanmar and Thomson Reuters Foundation
Tibet Autonomous Region
The Tibet Autonomous Region, officially the Xizang Autonomous Region, often shortened to Tibet or Xizang, is an autonomous region of China and is part of Southwestern China. Myanmar and Tibet Autonomous Region are Buddhist states.
See Myanmar and Tibet Autonomous Region
Tibetic languages
The Tibetic languages form a well-defined group of languages descending from Old Tibetan (7th to 9th centuries,Tournadre, Nicolas. 2014. "The Tibetic languages and their classification." In Trans-Himalayan linguistics, historical and descriptive linguistics of the Himalayan area. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
See Myanmar and Tibetic languages
Tibeto-Burman languages
The Tibeto-Burman languages are the non-Sinitic members of the Sino-Tibetan language family, over 400 of which are spoken throughout the Southeast Asian Massif ("Zomia") as well as parts of East Asia and South Asia.
See Myanmar and Tibeto-Burman languages
Tiger
The tiger (Panthera tigris) is a member of the genus Panthera and the largest living cat species native to Asia.
Tin Aung San
Tin Aung San (တင်အောင်စန်း;; born 16 October 1960) is a Burmese military officer who is currently serving as Deputy Prime Minister of Myanmar, member of State Administration Council (SAC) and the Minister of Defence.
Today (website)
Today is a Singaporean news website owned by Mediacorp.
See Myanmar and Today (website)
Toungoo dynasty
The Toungoo dynasty (တောင်ငူမင်းဆက်,; also spelt Taungoo dynasty), and also known as the Restored Toungoo dynasty, was the ruling dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from the mid-16th century to 1752.
See Myanmar and Toungoo dynasty
Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War
The Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–1541) (တောင်ငူ–ဟံသာဝတီ စစ် (၁၅၃၄–၁၅၄၁)) was a military conflict between the Toungoo Kingdom, and the Hanthawaddy Kingdom and its allies the Prome Kingdom and the Confederation of Shan States that took place in present-day Lower Burma (Myanmar) between 1534 and 1541.
See Myanmar and Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War
Trade preference
A trade preference is a preference by one country for buying goods from some other country more than from other countries.
See Myanmar and Trade preference
Transparency International
Transparency International e.V. (TI) is a German registered association founded in 1993 by former employees of the World Bank.
See Myanmar and Transparency International
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty intended to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament.
See Myanmar and Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Tropic of Cancer
The Tropic of Cancer, also known as the Northern Tropic, is the Earth's northernmost circle of latitude where the Sun can be seen directly overhead.
See Myanmar and Tropic of Cancer
Turtle
Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs.
X, commonly referred to by its former name Twitter, is a social networking service.
U Nu
Nu (ဦးနု;; 25 May 1907 – 14 February 1995), commonly known as U Nu and also by the honorific name Thakin Nu, was a prominent Burmese statesman and the first Prime Minister of Union of Burma.
See Myanmar and U Nu
U Thant
Thant (22 January 1909 – 25 November 1974), known honorifically as U Thant, was a Burmese diplomat and the third secretary-general of the United Nations from 1961 to 1971, the first non-Scandinavian to hold the position.
U Thant funeral crisis
The U Thant funeral crisis or U Thant crisis (ဦးသန့် အရေးအခင်း) was a series of protests and riots in the then-Burmese capital of Rangoon triggered by the death of U Thant, the third Secretary-General of the United Nations on 25 November 1974.
See Myanmar and U Thant funeral crisis
U Wisara
Ven.
UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; pronounced) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture.
Union Revolutionary Council
The Union Revolutionary Council (နိုင်ငံတော်တော်လှန်ရေးကောင်စီ), officially the Revolutionary Council of the Union of Burma (ပြည်ထောင်စုမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်လှန်ရေးကောင်စီ) or simply the Revolutionary Council (RC; တော်လှန်ရေးကောင်စီ), was the supreme governing body of Burma (now Myanmar) from 2 March 1962, following the overthrow of U Nu's civilian government, to 3 March 1974, with the promulgation of the 1974 Constitution of Burma and transfer of power to the Pyithu Hluttaw (People's Assembly), the country's new unicameral legislature.
See Myanmar and Union Revolutionary Council
Union Solidarity and Development Party
The Union Solidarity and Development Party (ပြည်ထောင်စုကြံ့ခိုင်ရေးနှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေးပါတီ; abbr. USDP) is an ultranationalist, pro-military political party in Myanmar.
See Myanmar and Union Solidarity and Development Party
Unitary state
A unitary state is a sovereign state governed as a single entity in which the central government is the supreme authority.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland. Myanmar and United Kingdom are member states of the United Nations.
See Myanmar and United Kingdom
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
See Myanmar and United Nations
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
See Myanmar and United Nations Development Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is responsible for coordinating responses to environmental issues within the United Nations system.
See Myanmar and United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ.
See Myanmar and United Nations General Assembly
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC; French: Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime) is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna, adopting the current name in 2002.
See Myanmar and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.
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United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. Myanmar and United States are member states of the United Nations.
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
See Myanmar and United States Department of State
United States diplomatic cables leak
The United States diplomatic cables leak, widely known as Cablegate, began on Sunday, 28 November 2010 when WikiLeaks began releasing classified cables that had been sent to the U.S. State Department by 274 of its consulates, embassies, and diplomatic missions around the world.
See Myanmar and United States diplomatic cables leak
United States Secretary of State
The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government and the head of the Department of State.
See Myanmar and United States Secretary of State
Upper Myanmar
Upper Myanmar (အထက်မြန်မာပြည် or, also called Upper Burma) is one of two geographic regions in Myanmar, the other being Lower Myanmar.
Vajrayana
Vajrayāna (वज्रयान; 'vajra vehicle'), also known as Mantrayāna ('mantra vehicle'), Mantranāya ('path of mantra'), Guhyamantrayāna ('secret mantra vehicle'), Tantrayāna ('tantra vehicle'), Tantric Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism, is a Buddhist tradition of tantric practice that developed in Medieval India and spread to Tibet, Nepal, other Himalayan states, East Asia, parts of Southeast Asia and Mongolia.
Vegetation
Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide.
Video journalism
Video journalism or videojournalism is a form of journalism, where the journalist shoots, edits and often presents their own video material.
See Myanmar and Video journalism
Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country. Myanmar and Vietnam are countries in Asia, member states of ASEAN, member states of the United Nations and southeast Asian countries.
Vietnam News Agency
Vietnam News Agency (VNA; Thông tấn xã Việt Nam (TTXVN), (AVI)) is the official state-run news agency of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
See Myanmar and Vietnam News Agency
Voice of America
Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international radio broadcasting state media agency owned by the United States of America.
See Myanmar and Voice of America
Wa people
The Wa people (Wa: Vāx; ဝလူမျိုး,;; ว้า) are a Southeast Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in Northern Myanmar, in the northern part of Shan State and the eastern part of Kachin State, near and along Myanmar's border with China, as well as in China's Yunnan Province.
Ward (electoral subdivision)
A ward is a local authority area, typically used for electoral purposes.
See Myanmar and Ward (electoral subdivision)
Weekly Eleven
Weekly Eleven is a weekly newspaper published in Myanmar (Burma).
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
White House
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States.
Whitehouse.gov
whitehouse.gov (also simply known as wh.gov) is the official website of the White House and is managed by the Office of Digital Strategy.
See Myanmar and Whitehouse.gov
Wild boar
The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania.
Wild water buffalo
The wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee), also called Asian buffalo, Asiatic buffalo and wild buffalo, is a large bovine native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.
See Myanmar and Wild water buffalo
Win Shein
Win Shein (ဝင်းရှိန်; born 1 August 1958 in Mandalay) is a former military officer and the incumbent Minister for Finance.
Wood industry
The wood industry or timber industry (sometimes lumber industry -- when referring mainly to sawed boards) is the industry concerned with forestry, logging, timber trade, and the production of primary forest products and wood products (e.g. furniture) and secondary products like wood pulp for the pulp and paper industry.
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental organization, think tank, and lobbying organisation based in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
See Myanmar and World Economic Forum
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Wunna Maung Lwin
Wunna Maung Lwin (ဝဏ္ဏမောင်လွင်; born 30 May 1952) is a Burmese politician and a member of State Administration Council.
See Myanmar and Wunna Maung Lwin
Ya ba
Ya ba (ยาบ้า, ຢາບ້າ, literally 'crazy medicine') is a drug containing a mixture of methamphetamine and caffeine.
Yama Zatdaw
Yama Zatdaw (ရာမဇာတ်တော်), unofficially Myanmar's national epic, is the Burmese version of the Ramayana and Dasaratha Jataka.
Yangon
Yangon (ရန်ကုန်), formerly romanized as Rangoon, is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar (also known as Burma).
Yangon Region
Yangon Region (formerly Rangoon Division and Yangon Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar.
Yangon Stock Exchange
The Yangon Stock Exchange (ရန်ကုန်စတော့အိတ်ချိန်း; abbreviated YSX) opened in December 2015, at the former Central Bank of Myanmar and Myawaddy Bank headquarters in Yangon.
See Myanmar and Yangon Stock Exchange
Yei Myint
MPP Yei Myint (ရဲမြင့်,; also spelled Ye Myint; born 1953) is a Burmese artist.
Yenangyaung
Yenangyaung (ရေနံချောင်း; literally "stream of oil") is a city in the Magway Region of central Myanmar, located on the Irrawaddy River and 363 miles from Yangon.
Yunnan
Yunnan is an inland province in Southwestern China.
Zarganar
Maung Thura "Zarganar" (also called Zaganar, ဇာဂနာ; also Zargana); born 27 January 1961) is a popular Burmese comedian, film actor, and a film director as well as a fierce critic and often political prisoner of the Burmese military government. Known for his wicked puns against the government which is a military junta, Zarganar, whose name translates to "tweezers", is widely considered to be the most popular comedian and satirist in Myanmar.
Zaw Zaw Aung
Zaw Zaw Aung (ဇော်ဇော်အောင်; born 1971) is a Burmese artist.
.mm
.mm is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Myanmar.
See Myanmar and .mm
102nd meridian east
The meridian 102° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Myanmar and 102nd meridian east
1951–52 Burmese general election
General elections were held in Burma over several months between June 1951 and April 1952 due to internal conflict within the country.
See Myanmar and 1951–52 Burmese general election
1956 Burmese general election
General elections were held in Burma to vote for 202 out of 250 seats to the Burmese Chamber of Deputies; the remaining 48 members (all from the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, AFPFL) were elected unopposed as no opposition candidates stood against them.
See Myanmar and 1956 Burmese general election
1960 Burmese general election
General elections were held in Burma on 6 February 1960 to install a government to take over from General Ne Win's interim administration, established in October 1958.
See Myanmar and 1960 Burmese general election
1961 SEAP Games
The 1961 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 2nd Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Rangoon, Burma from 11 to 16 December 1961 with 13 sports featured in the games.
See Myanmar and 1961 SEAP Games
1962 Burmese coup d'état
The 1962 Burmese coup d'état marked the beginning of one-party rule in Burma (Myanmar) and the political dominance of the military in Burmese politics.
See Myanmar and 1962 Burmese coup d'état
1962 Rangoon University protests
The 1962 Rangoon University protests, also known as the 7 July Student Uprising, were a series of marches, demonstrations, and protests against stricter campus regulations, the end of the system of university self-administration, and the policy of the new military regime of General Ne Win.
See Myanmar and 1962 Rangoon University protests
1969 SEAP Games
The 1969 Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, officially known as the 5th Southeast Asian Peninsular Games, was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event held in Rangoon, Burma from 6 to 13 December 1969 with 15 sports featured in the games.
See Myanmar and 1969 SEAP Games
1990 Myanmar general election
General elections were held in Myanmar on 27 May 1990, the first multi-party elections since 1960, after which the country had been ruled by a military dictatorship.
See Myanmar and 1990 Myanmar general election
2008 Constitution of Myanmar
The Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (2008) is the third Constitution of Myanmar after 1947 and 1974 constitutions which lost force after military coups.
See Myanmar and 2008 Constitution of Myanmar
2008 Myanmar constitutional referendum
A constitutional referendum was held in Myanmar on 10 May 2008 (24 May 2008 in some townships) according to an announcement by the State Peace and Development Council in February 2008.
See Myanmar and 2008 Myanmar constitutional referendum
2009 Kokang incident
The Kokang incident was a violent series of skirmishes that broke out in August 2009 in Kokang in Myanmar's northern Shan State.
See Myanmar and 2009 Kokang incident
2010 Myanmar general election
General elections were held in Myanmar on 2010, in accordance with the new constitution, which was approved in a referendum held in.
See Myanmar and 2010 Myanmar general election
2011 Toronto International Film Festival
The 36th annual Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) was held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between September 8 and September 18, 2011.
See Myanmar and 2011 Toronto International Film Festival
2012 Myanmar by-elections
The 2012 Myanmar by-elections were held on 1 April 2012.
See Myanmar and 2012 Myanmar by-elections
2013 SEA Games
The 2013 Southeast Asian Games, officially known as the 27th Southeast Asian Games, or the 27th SEA Games, and commonly known as Naypyitaw 2013, was a Southeast Asian multi-sport event took place in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar from 11 to 22 December 2013, Around 4730 athletes from 11 participating nations competed at the games, which featured 460 events in 34 sports.
See Myanmar and 2013 SEA Games
2014 Myanmar census
The Myanmar census 2014 (၂၀၁၄ ခုနှစ် လူဦးရေနှင့် အိမ်အကြောင်းအရာ သန်းခေါင်စာရင်း) was a nationwide census between 30 March and 10 April 2014 in Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and 2014 Myanmar census
2015 Kokang offensive
The 2015 Kokang offensive was a series of military operations launched by the Myanmar Army in 2015 in Kokang in northern Shan State, Myanmar (Burma).
See Myanmar and 2015 Kokang offensive
2015 Myanmar general election
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015, with the National League for Democracy winning a supermajority of seats in the combined national parliament.
See Myanmar and 2015 Myanmar general election
2020 Myanmar general election
General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2020.
See Myanmar and 2020 Myanmar general election
2021 Myanmar coup d'état
A coup d'état in Myanmar began on the morning of 1 February 2021, when democratically elected members of the country's ruling party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), were deposed by the Tatmadaw — Myanmar's military — which then vested power in a military junta.
See Myanmar and 2021 Myanmar coup d'état
29th parallel north
The 29th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 29 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Myanmar and 29th parallel north
82nd Academy Awards
The 82nd Academy Awards ceremony, presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best films of 2009 and took place on March 7, 2010, at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood, Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST.
See Myanmar and 82nd Academy Awards
8888 Uprising
The 8888 Uprising, also known as the People Power Uprising and the 1988 Uprising, was a series of nationwide protests, marches, and riots in Burma (present-day Myanmar) that peaked in August 1988.
92nd meridian east
The meridian 92° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Myanmar and 92nd meridian east
9th parallel north
The 9th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 9 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Myanmar and 9th parallel north
See also
1948 establishments in Burma
- Central Bank of Myanmar
- Chamber of Deputies (Burma)
- Chamber of Nationalities
- Kachin State
- Ministry of Commerce (Myanmar)
- Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (Myanmar)
- Ministry of Planning and Finance (Myanmar)
- Myanma Timber Enterprise
- Myanmar
- Myanmar Maternal and Child Welfare Association
- Myanmar National Airlines
- Office of the Attorney General (Myanmar)
- President of Myanmar
- Prime Minister of Myanmar
- Supreme Court of Myanmar
Buddhist states
Least developed countries
- Afghanistan
- Angola
- Bangladesh
- Benin
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi
- Cambodia
- Central African Republic
- Chad
- Comoros
- Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Djibouti
- East Timor
- Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Haiti
- Laos
- Least developed countries
- Lesotho
- Liberia
- Madagascar
- Malawi
- Mali
- Mauritania
- Mozambique
- Myanmar
- Nepal
- Niger
- Rwanda
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Solomon Islands
- Somalia
- South Sudan
- Sudan
- Tanzania
- The Gambia
- Togo
- Tuvalu
- Uganda
- Yemen
- Zambia
Member states of ASEAN
- Brunei
- Cambodia
- Indonesia
- Laos
- Malaysia
- Member states of ASEAN
- Myanmar
- Philippines
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Vietnam
Protected areas of Myanmar
- Bumhpa Bum Wildlife Sanctuary
- Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary
- Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary
- Hukaung Valley Wildlife Sanctuary
- Imawbum National Park
- Indawgyi Lake Wildlife Sanctuary
- Inlay Lake Wetland Sanctuary
- Kahilu Wildlife Sanctuary
- Kelatha Wildlife Sanctuary
- Kyaikhtiyo Wildlife Sanctuary
- Lawkananda Wildlife Sanctuary
- List of protected areas of Myanmar
- Loimwe Protected Area
- Mahamyaing Wildlife Sanctuary
- Meinmahla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary
- Minsontaung Wildlife Sanctuary
- Minwuntaung Wildlife Sanctuary
- Moeyungyi Wetland Wildlife Sanctuary
- Moscos Islands
- Moscos Islands Wildlife Sanctuary
- Mulayit Wildlife Sanctuary
- Myaing Hay Wun Elephant Park
- Myanmar
- Panlaung and Padalin Cave Wildlife Sanctuary
- Parsar Protected Area
- Pidaung Wildlife Sanctuary
- Pyin-O-Lwin Bird Sanctuary
- Rakhine Yoma Elephant Range
- Sein Ye Forest Park
- Shwesettaw Wildlife Sanctuary
- Tanintharyi Nature Reserve
- Taunggyi Bird Sanctuary
- Thamihla Kyun Wildlife Sanctuary
- Thor Heyerdahl Climate Park
- Wetthegan Wildlife Sanctuary
Southeast Asian countries
- ASEAN
- Brunei
- Cambodia
- East Timor
- Indonesia
- Laos
- Malaysia
- Myanmar
- Philippines
- Singapore
- Thailand
- Vietnam
States and territories established in 1948
- All-Palestine Protectorate
- Annam (French protectorate)
- Banjar Region
- Bastar district
- Bautista Saavedra Province
- Central Sumatra
- Chittorgarh district
- Colón Free Trade Zone
- Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
- Dominion of Ceylon
- Faroe Islands
- Federal Capital Territory (Karachi)
- Federation of Malaya
- First Republic of Korea
- Hyderabad State (1948–1956)
- Israel
- Jordanian annexation of the West Bank
- Kapalong
- Kutch State
- Madhya Bharat
- Malacca
- Myanmar
- North Korea
- Patiala and East Punjab States Union
- Provisional Central Government of Vietnam
- Santiago Rodríguez Province
- Saurashtra (state)
- South Korea
- Southeast Borneo Federation
- State of East Java
- State of Madura
- State of South Sumatra
- Tokelau
- Udaipur district
- Union of Burma (1948–1962)
- United States of Matsya
- Vindhya Pradesh
References
Also known as Birma, Birman Empire, Birmania, Birmanie, Borders of Burma, Burma, Burma (Myanmar), Burma-Myanmar, Burma/Myanmar, Burmese Republic, Eastern Burma, Economic sanctions against Burma, Economic sanctions against Myanmar, Etymology of Burma, ISO 3166-1:MM, Mayanmar, Mianmar, Myammar, Myanma, Myanmah, Myanmar (Burma), Myanmar (formerly Burma), Myanmar/(Burma), Myanmar/Burma, Myanmer, Myanmese, Natural resources of Myanmar, Political culture of Myanmar, Pyi-daung-zu Myan-ma Naing-ngan-daw, Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw, Republic of Myanmar, Republic of The Union of Myanmar, Republic of the Union of Burma, Sanctions against Burma, State of Myanmar, Tingokkyi, .
, Bangkok Post, Bangladesh, Banshay, Barack Obama, Barn owl, Bay of Bengal, Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation, Bayinnaung, BBC, BBC News, Bengal Sultanate, Bhikkhu, Bicameralism, Bilateral trade, Biodiversity, Bird, Bo Hmu Aung, Bodawpaya, Border Guard Forces, Brahma, British Empire, British rule in Burma, Bronze Age, Buddhism, Buddhism in Myanmar, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Burma campaign (1944), Burma campaign (1944–1945), Burma Chronicles, Burma Independence Act 1947, Burma Independence Army, Burma Socialist Programme Party, Burma VJ, Burmah Oil, Burmese alphabet, Burmese chronicles, Burmese cuisine, Burmese folk religion, Burmese Gurkha, Burmese Indians, Burmese language, Burmese literature, Burmese people, Burmese python, Burmese salads, Burmese Way to Socialism, Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767), Cambridge University Press, Canada, Cash crop, Cave painting, Censorship in Myanmar, Census in Myanmar, Central Intelligence Agency, Chairman of the State Administration Council, Chamber of Deputies (Burma), Chamber of Nationalities, Chatham House, Chin people, Chin State, China, Chindits, Chinese people in Myanmar, Chinlone, Chittagong Division, Christianity in Myanmar, City-state, Civil authority, Civil war, Climate change, Climate change mitigation, Climate of Myanmar, Clouded leopard, CNA (TV network), CNN, Cobra, Coconut, Collins English Dictionary, Colonialism, Comedy film, Coming of age, Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services, Commonwealth of Nations, Constitution of Myanmar, Corruption in Myanmar, Corruption Perceptions Index, COVID-19 pandemic in Myanmar, Crocodile, Cronyism, Crow, Culture of Myanmar, Cyclone Nargis, David Cameron, Davos, Dawei, De facto, De Gruyter, De jure, Deer, Democratic Voice of Burma, Deputy Prime Minister of Myanmar, Deutsche Welle, Diacritic, Direct-to-video, Districts of Myanmar, Drug injection, East Asia Summit, East Asian religions, East India Company, Economic inequality, Economic planning, Economic sanctions, Economy, Economy of Myanmar, Ecosystem, Edward Elgar Publishing, Electoral fraud, Elephant, Encyclopædia Britannica, Environmental impact of fishing, Environmental issues, Environmental Performance Index, Equator, Ethnic groups in Europe, Ethnonym, European Union, Facebook, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, Federalism, First Anglo-Burmese War, First Mongol invasion of Burma, Fish sauce, Fish stocks, Forced labour, Foreign policy of the United States, Foreign relations of Myanmar, Forest, Forest Landscape Integrity Index, Forty Years' War, France, Freedom House, French Indochina, Frontier Myanmar, Gecko, Gemstone, General officer, Germany, Gibbon, Global Innovation Index, Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia), Greek language, Gulf of Martaban, Guy Delisle, Habitat, Hanthawaddy Kingdom, Hauser Center for Nonprofit Organizations, Head of government, Head of state, Health care, Hengduan Mountains, Heron, Highland, Hillary Clinton, Himalayas, Hinduism, History of Myanmar, History of Southeast Asia, HIV/AIDS in Myanmar, Hkakabo Razi, Hmong–Mien languages, Hokkien, Homo erectus, Hopea odorata, Hpa-an, Htee Khee, Htin Kyaw, Human, Human Development Index, Human rights in Myanmar, Human Rights Watch, Human trafficking, Humanitarian aid, I.B. 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