Napoleon

Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815. ^[1]

Abdication of Napoleon, 1815

Napoleon abdicated on 22 June 1815, in favour of his son Napoleon II.

See Napoleon and Abdication of Napoleon, 1815

Acre, Israel

Acre, known locally as Akko (עַכּוֹ) and Akka (عكّا), is a city in the coastal plain region of the Northern District of Israel.

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Act of Mediation

The Act of Mediation was issued by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the French Republic on 19 February 1803 to abolish the Helvetic Republic, which had existed since the invasion of Switzerland by French troops in 1798, and replace it with the Swiss Confederation.

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Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

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Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.

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Ajaccio

Ajaccio (French:; Aiaccio or Ajaccio; Aiacciu, locally: Aghjacciu; Adiacium) is the capital and largest city of Corsica, France.

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Albine de Montholon

Albine de Montholon (18 December 1779 - 25 March 1848) was a French noblewoman, and the wife of Charles Tristan, marquis de Montholon.

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Alexander I of Russia

Alexander I (–), nicknamed "the Blessed", was Emperor of Russia from 1801, the first king of Congress Poland from 1815, and the grand duke of Finland from 1809 to his death in 1825. Napoleon and Alexander I of Russia are grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz, grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal), grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword and Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain.

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Alexandre Colonna-Walewski

Alexandre Florian Joseph, Count Colonna-Walewski (Aleksander Florian Józef Colonna-Walewski; 4 May 181027 September 1868), was a Polish and French politician and diplomat, the unacknowledged son of French emperor Napoleon I. He is best known for his position as foreign minister of France under his cousin Napoleon III and for his diplomatic efforts presiding over the Congress of Paris, which created peace in the Crimean War and laid the base for modern international law of the sea with the Paris Declaration Respecting Maritime Law.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.

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Alfred Adler

Alfred Adler (7 February 1870 – 28 May 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychotherapist, and founder of the school of individual psychology.

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Ancien régime

The ancien régime was the political and social system of the Kingdom of France that the French Revolution overturned through its abolition in 1790 of the feudal system of the French nobility and in 1792 through its execution of the king and declaration of a republic.

See Napoleon and Ancien régime

Antoine Christophe Saliceti

Antoine Christophe Saliceti (baptised in the name of Antonio Cristoforo Saliceti: Antoniu Cristufaru Saliceti in Corsican; 26 August 175723 December 1809) was a French politician and diplomat of the Revolution and First Empire. Napoleon and Antoine Christophe Saliceti are Corsican politicians and French people of Italian descent.

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Antoine Richepanse

Antoine Richepanse (25 March 1770 – 3 September 1802) was a French military officer and colonial administrator. Napoleon and Antoine Richepanse are French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars and French generals.

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Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen

Archduke Charles Louis John Joseph Laurentius of Austria, Duke of Teschen (Erzherzog Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz von Österreich, Herzog von Teschen; 5 September 177130 April 1847) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of Emperor Leopold II and his wife, Maria Luisa of Spain.

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Arcole

Arcole (pronounced), historically also known as Arcola, is a comune with 5,274 inhabitants in the province of Verona.

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Arish

ʻArish or el-ʻArīsh (العريش) is the capital and largest city (with 164,830 inhabitants) of the North Sinai Governorate of Egypt, as well as the largest city on the Sinai Peninsula, lying on the Mediterranean coast northeast of Cairo and west of the Egypt–Gaza border.

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Army of the North (France)

The Army of the North or Armée du Nord is a name given to several historical units of the French Army.

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Army of the West (France)

The Army of the West (armée de l'Ouest) was one of the French Revolutionary Armies that was sent to fight in the War in the Vendée in western France.

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Arsenic poisoning

Arsenic poisoning (or arsenicosis) is a medical condition that occurs due to elevated levels of arsenic in the body.

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Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, (1 May 1769 – 14 September 1852) was an Anglo-Irish military officer and statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures in Britain during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, serving twice as British prime minister. Napoleon and Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington are 1769 births and Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain.

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Auguste de Marmont

Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont (20 July 1774 – 22 March 1852) was a French general and nobleman who rose to the rank of Marshal of the Empire and was awarded the title (duc de Raguse). Napoleon and Auguste de Marmont are marshals of France, marshals of the First French Empire and military governors of Paris.

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Augustin Robespierre

Augustin Bon Joseph de Robespierre (21 January 1763 – 28 July 1794), known as Robespierre the Younger, was a French lawyer, politician and the younger brother of French Revolutionary leader Maximilien Robespierre.

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Autun

Autun is a subprefecture of the Saône-et-Loire department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of central-eastern France.

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Auxonne

Auxonne is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of eastern France.

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École militaire

The École militaire ("military school") is a complex of buildings in Paris, France, which house various military training facilities.

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École polytechnique

(also known as Polytechnique or l'X) is a grande école located in Palaiseau, France.

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Baden

Baden is a historical territory in South Germany.

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Bank of France

The Bank of France (Banque de France, the name used by the bank to refer to itself in all English communications) is the French member of the Eurosystem.

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Barry O'Meara

Barry Edward O'Meara (1786 – 1836) was an Irish surgeon and founding member of the Reform Club who accompanied Napoleon to Saint Helena and became his physician, having been surgeon on board the HMS ''Bellerophon'' when the emperor surrendered himself.

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Barysaw

Barysaw or Borisov (Barysaŭ,; Борисов) is a city in Minsk Region, Belarus.

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Battle of Abensberg

The Battle of Abensberg took place on 20 April 1809 between a Franco-German force under the command of Emperor Napoleon I of France and a reinforced Austrian corps led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant Archduke Louis of Austria.

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Battle of Abukir (1799)

In the Battle of Abukir (or Aboukir or Abu Qir) Napoleon Bonaparte defeated Seid Mustafa Pasha's Ottoman army on 25 July 1799, during the French campaign in Egypt.

See Napoleon and Battle of Abukir (1799)

Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube

The Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube (20–21 March 1814) saw an Imperial French army under Napoleon face a much larger Allied army led by Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg during the War of the Sixth Coalition.

See Napoleon and Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube

Battle of Arcole

The Battle of Arcole or Battle of Arcola (15–17 November 1796) was fought between French and Austrian forces southeast of Verona during the War of the First Coalition, a part of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Aspern-Essling

In the Battle of Aspern-Essling (21–22 May 1809), Napoleon crossed the Danube near Vienna, but the French and their allies were attacked and forced back across the river by the Austrians under Archduke Charles.

See Napoleon and Battle of Aspern-Essling

Battle of Austerlitz

The Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805/11 Frimaire An XIV FRC), also known as the Battle of the Three Emperors, was one of the most important military engagements of the Napoleonic Wars.

See Napoleon and Battle of Austerlitz

Battle of Bailén

The Battle of Bailén was fought in 1808 between the Spanish Army of Andalusia, led by General Francisco Javier Castaños and the Imperial French Army's II corps d'observation de la Gironde under General Pierre Dupont de l'Étang.

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Battle of Bassano

The Battle of Bassano was fought on 8 September 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars, in the territory of the Republic of Venice, between a French army under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces led by Count Dagobert von Wurmser.

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Battle of Bautzen (1813)

In the Battle of Bautzen (20–21 May 1813), a combined Prusso-Russian army, retreating after their defeat at Lützen and massively outnumbered, was pushed back by Napoleon but escaped destruction.

See Napoleon and Battle of Bautzen (1813)

Battle of Berezina

The Battle of (the) Berezina (or Beresina) took place from 26 to 29 November 1812, between Napoleon's Grande Armée and the Imperial Russian Army under Field Marshal Wittgenstein and Admiral Chichagov.

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Battle of Borghetto

The Battle of Borghetto, near Valeggio sul Mincio in the Veneto of northern Italy, took place during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Borodino

The Battle of Borodino took place near the village of Borodino on during Napoleon's invasion of Russia.

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Battle of Brienne

The Battle of Brienne (29 January 1814) saw an Imperial French army led by Emperor Napoleon attack Prussian and Russian forces commanded by Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.

See Napoleon and Battle of Brienne

Battle of Caldiero (1796)

In the Battle of Caldiero on 12 November 1796, the Habsburg army led by József Alvinczi fought a First French Republic army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and Battle of Caldiero (1796)

Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)

In the Battle of Cape Finisterre (22 July 1805) off Galicia, Spain, the British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder fought an indecisive naval battle against the combined Franco-Spanish fleet which was returning from the West Indies.

See Napoleon and Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)

Battle of Castiglione

The Battle of Castiglione saw the French Army of Italy under General Napoleon Bonaparte attack an army of the Habsburg monarchy led by Feldmarschall Dagobert Sigmund von Wurmser on 5 August 1796.

See Napoleon and Battle of Castiglione

Battle of Ceva

In the Battle of Ceva on 16 April 1796, troops of the First French Republic under General Pierre Augereau fought against part of the army of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont led by General Giuseppe Felice, Count Vital.

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Battle of Champaubert

The Battle of Champaubert (10 February 1814) was the opening engagement of the Six Days' Campaign.

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Battle of Château-Thierry (1814)

The Battle of Château-Thierry (12 February 1814) saw the Imperial French army commanded by Emperor Napoleon attempt to destroy a Prussian corps led by Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg and an Imperial Russian corps under Fabian Wilhelm von Osten-Sacken.

See Napoleon and Battle of Château-Thierry (1814)

Battle of Corunna

The Battle of Corunna (or A Coruña, La Corunna, La Coruña or La Corogne), in Spain known as Battle of Elviña, took place on 16 January 1809, when a French corps under Marshal of the Empire Jean de Dieu Soult attacked a British army under Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore.

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Battle of Craonne

The Battle of Craonne (7 March 1814) was a battle between an Imperial French army under Emperor Napoleon I opposing a combined army of Imperial Russians and Prussians led by Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher.

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Battle of Czarnowo

The Battle of Czarnowo on the night of 23–24 December 1806 saw troops of the First French Empire under the eye of Emperor Napoleon I launch an evening assault crossing of the Wkra River against Lieutenant General Alexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy's defending Russian Empire forces.

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Battle of Dresden

The Battle of Dresden (26–27 August 1813) was a major engagement of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Eckmühl

The Battle of Eckmühl fought on 22 April 1809, was the turning point of the 1809 Campaign, also known as the War of the Fifth Coalition.

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Battle of Eylau

The Battle of Eylau, or Battle of Preussisch-Eylau, was a bloody and strategically inconclusive battle on 7 and 8 February 1807 between Napoleon's Grande Armée and the Imperial Russian Army under the command of Levin August von Bennigsen near the town of Preussisch Eylau in East Prussia.

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Battle of Fombio

The Battle of Fombio was fought between the French Army of Italy led by Napoleon Bonaparte and the Austrian army under Feldzeugmeister Johann Peter Beaulieu between 7 and 9 May 1796.

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Battle of Friedland

The Battle of Friedland (14 June 1807) was a major engagement of the Napoleonic Wars between the armies of the French Empire commanded by Napoleon I and the armies of the Russian Empire led by Count von Bennigsen.

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Battle of Hanau

The Battle of Hanau was fought from 30 to 31 October 1813 between Karl Philipp von Wrede's Austro-Bavarian corps and Napoleon's retreating French during the War of the Sixth Coalition.

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Battle of Heilsberg

The Battle of Heilsberg took place on 10 June 1807 off the town of Heilsberg (now Lidzbark Warmiński), during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of Hohenlinden

The Battle of Hohenlinden was fought on 3 December 1800 during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Battle of Jena–Auerstedt

The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt (older spelling: Auerstädt) were fought on 14 October 1806 on the plateau west of the river Saale in today's Germany, between the forces of Napoleon I of France and Frederick William III of Prussia.

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Battle of La Rothière

The Battle of La Rothière was fought on 1 February 1814 between the French Empire and allied army of Austria, Prussia, Russia, and German States previously allied with France.

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Battle of Landshut (1809)

The Battle of Landshut took place on 21 April 1809 between the French, Württembergers (VIII Corps) and Bavarians (VII Corps) under Napoleon which numbered about 77,000 strong, and 36,000 Austrians under the General Johann von Hiller.

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Battle of Laon

The Battle of Laon (9–10 March 1814) was the victory of Blücher's Prussian army over Napoleon's French army near Laon.

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Battle of Lützen (1813)

In the Battle of Lützen (German: Schlacht von Großgörschen, 2 May 1813), Napoleon I of France defeated an allied army of the Sixth Coalition.

See Napoleon and Battle of Lützen (1813)

Battle of Leipzig

The Battle of Leipzig (Bataille de Leipsick; Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig,; Slaget vid Leipzig), also known as the Battle of the Nations, was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813 at Leipzig, Saxony.

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Battle of Ligny

The Battle of Ligny, in which French troops of the Armée du Nord under the command of Napoleon I defeated part of a Prussian army under Field Marshal Blücher, was fought on 16 June 1815 near Ligny in what is now Belgium.

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Battle of Lodi

The Battle of Lodi was fought on 10 May 1796 between French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte and an Austrian rear guard led by Karl Philipp Sebottendorf at Lodi, Lombardy.

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Battle of Lonato

The Battle of Lonato was fought on 3 and 4 August 1796 between the French Army of Italy under General Napoleon Bonaparte and a corps-sized Austrian column led by Lieutenant General Peter Quasdanovich.

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Battle of Maloyaroslavets

The Battle of Maloyaroslavets took place on 24 October 1812 as part of the French invasion of Russia.

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Battle of Marengo

The Battle of Marengo was fought on 14 June 1800 between French forces under the First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces near the city of Alessandria, in Piedmont, Italy.

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Battle of Millesimo

The Battle of Millesimo, fought on 13 and 14 April 1796, was the name that Napoleon Bonaparte gave in his correspondence to one of a series of small battles that were fought in Liguria, Northern Italy between the armies of France and the allied armies of the Habsburg monarchy and of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont.

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Battle of Mondovì

The Battle of Mondovì was fought on 21 April 1796 between the French army of Napoleon Bonaparte and the army of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont led by Michelangelo Alessandro Colli-Marchi.

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Battle of Montenotte

The Battle of Montenotte was fought on 12 April 1796, during the French Revolutionary Wars, between the French army under General Napoleon Bonaparte and an Austrian corps under Count Eugène-Guillaume Argenteau.

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Battle of Montereau

The Battle of Montereau (18 February 1814) was fought during the War of the Sixth Coalition between an Imperial French army led by Emperor Napoleon and a corps of Austrians and Württembergers commanded by Crown Prince Frederick William of Württemberg.

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Battle of Montmirail

The Battle of Montmirail (11 February 1814) was fought between a French force led by Emperor Napoleon and two Allied corps commanded by Fabian Wilhelm von Osten-Sacken and Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg.

See Napoleon and Battle of Montmirail

Battle of Mormant

The Battle of Mormant (17 February 1814) was fought during the War of the Sixth Coalition between an Imperial French army under Emperor Napoleon I and a division of Russians under Count Peter Petrovich Pahlen near the town of Mormant, some southeast of Paris.

See Napoleon and Battle of Mormant

Battle of Mount Tabor (1799)

The Battle of Mount Tabor was fought on 16 April 1799, between French forces commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte and General Jean-Baptiste Kléber, against an Ottoman Army under Abdullah Pasha al-Azm, ruler of Damascus.

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Battle of Ponte Novu

The Battle of Ponte Novu took place on May 8 and 9, 1769 between royal French forces under the Comte de Vaux, a seasoned professional soldier with an expert on mountain warfare on his staff, and the native Corsicans under Carlo Salicetti.

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Battle of Quatre Bras

The Battle of Quatre Bras was fought on 16 June 1815, as a preliminary engagement to the decisive Battle of Waterloo that occurred two days later.

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Battle of Ratisbon

The Battle of Ratisbon, also called the Battle of Regensburg, was fought on 23 April 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars, between the army of the French Empire, led by Napoleon I, and that of the Austrian Empire, led by Archduke Charles.

See Napoleon and Battle of Ratisbon

Battle of Reims (1814)

The Battle of Reims (12–13 March 1814) was fought at Reims, France between an Imperial French army commanded by Emperor Napoleon and a combined Russian-Prussian corps led by General Emmanuel de Saint-Priest.

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Battle of Rivoli

The Battle of Rivoli (14 January 1797) was a key military engagement during the War of the First Coalition in the vicinity of the village of Rivoli, then part of the Republic of Venice.

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Battle of Rovereto

In the Battle of Rovereto (also Battle of Roveredo) on 4 September 1796 a French army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte defeated an Austrian corps led by Paul Davidovich during the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.

See Napoleon and Battle of Rovereto

Battle of Saint-Dizier

The Battle of Saint-Dizier was fought on 26 March 1814, between the Russian Army under Ferdinand Wintzingerode and The French Army, also known as ‘La Grande Armée’ commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte.

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Battle of Shubra Khit

The Battle of Shubra Khit, also known as the Battle of Chobrakit, and known among the French as Combat de Chébreïss was among the first major engagement of Napoleon's campaign in Egypt that took place on 13 July 1798.

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Battle of Smolensk (1812)

The Battle of Smolensk was the first major battle of the French invasion of Russia.

See Napoleon and Battle of Smolensk (1812)

Battle of Somosierra

The Battle of Somosierra took place on 30 November 1808, during the Peninsular War, when a combined Franco-Spanish-Polish force under the direct command of Napoleon Bonaparte forced a passage through a Spanish Division stationed at the Sierra de Guadarrama, which shielded Madrid from direct French attack.

See Napoleon and Battle of Somosierra

Battle of Tarvis (1797)

The Battle of Tarvis was fought during 21–23 March 1797 near present-day Tarvisio in far northeast Italy, about west-by-southwest of the three-border conjunction with Austria and Slovenia, and was the final battle before the end of the War of the First Coalition.

See Napoleon and Battle of Tarvis (1797)

Battle of Teugen-Hausen

The Battle of Teugen-Hausen or the Battle of Thann was an engagement that occurred during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Battle of the Nile

The Battle of the Nile (also known as the Battle of Aboukir Bay; Bataille d'Aboukir) was a major naval battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the Navy of the French Republic at Aboukir Bay on the Mediterranean coast off the Nile Delta of Egypt between 1–3 August 1798.

See Napoleon and Battle of the Nile

Battle of the Pyramids

The Battle of the Pyramids, also known as the Battle of Embabeh, was a major engagement fought on 21 July 1798, during the French Invasion of Egypt. The battle took place near the village of Embabeh, across the Nile River from Cairo, but was named by Napoleon after the Great Pyramid of Giza visible nearly nine miles away.

See Napoleon and Battle of the Pyramids

Battle of Trafalgar

The Battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement that took place on 21 October 1805 between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the French and Spanish Navies during the War of the Third Coalition (August–December 1805) of the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815).

See Napoleon and Battle of Trafalgar

Battle of Ulm

The Battle of Ulm on 16–19 October 1805 was a series of skirmishes, at the end of the Ulm Campaign, which allowed Napoleon I to trap an entire Austrian army under the command of Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich with minimal losses and to force its surrender near Ulm in the Electorate of Bavaria.

See Napoleon and Battle of Ulm

Battle of Valvasone

The Battle of Valvasone (16 March 1797), also known as the Battle of Tagliamento, saw a First French Republic army led by Napoleon Bonaparte attack a Habsburg Austrian army led by Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen.

See Napoleon and Battle of Valvasone

Battle of Vauchamps

The Battle of Vauchamps (14 February 1814) was the final major engagement of the Six Days Campaign of the War of the Sixth Coalition.

See Napoleon and Battle of Vauchamps

Battle of Vimeiro

In the Battle of Vimeiro (sometimes shown as "Vimiera" or "Vimeira" in contemporary British texts) on 21 August 1808, the British under General Arthur Wellesley (who later became the Duke of Wellington) defeated the French under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, near Lisbon, Portugal, during the Peninsular War.

See Napoleon and Battle of Vimeiro

Battle of Vitebsk (1812)

The battle of Vitebsk, sometimes spelled Witepsk, was a military engagement that took place on 26 and 27 July 1812 during the French invasion of Russia.

See Napoleon and Battle of Vitebsk (1812)

Battle of Wagram

The Battle of Wagram (5–6 July 1809) was a military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars that ended in a costly but decisive victory for Emperor Napoleon's French and allied army against the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles of Austria-Teschen.

See Napoleon and Battle of Wagram

Battle of Waterloo

The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo (at that time in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, now in Belgium), marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

See Napoleon and Battle of Waterloo

Battle of Znaim

Following defeat at the Battle of Wagram, Archduke Charles retreated north into Bohemia hoping to regroup his battered forces.

See Napoleon and Battle of Znaim

BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.

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Beaucaire, Gard

Beaucaire (Occitan and Provençal: Bèucaire) is a commune in the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France.

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Belle Époque

The Belle Époque or La Belle Époque was a period of French and European history that began after the end of the Franco-Prussian War in 1871 and continued until the outbreak of World War I in 1914.

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Berlin Decree

The Berlin Decree was issued in Berlin by Napoleon on November 21, 1806, after the French success against Prussia at the Battle of Jena, which led to the Fall of Berlin.

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Bicorne

The bicorne or bicorn (two-cornered) is a historical form of hat widely adopted in the 1790s as an item of uniform by European and American army and naval officers.

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Bogeyman

The bogeyman (also spelled or known as bogyman, bogy, bogey, and, in North American English, also boogeyman) is a mythical creature typically used to frighten children into good behavior.

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Bonaparte Crossing the Alps

Bonaparte Crossing the Alps (sometimes called Napoleon Crossing the Alps, which is also the title of Jacques-Louis David's better-known version of the subject) is a 1848–1850 oil painting by French artist Paul Delaroche.

See Napoleon and Bonaparte Crossing the Alps

Bonapartism

Bonapartism (Bonapartisme) is the political ideology supervening from Napoleon Bonaparte and his followers and successors. Napoleon and Bonapartism are house of Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and Bonapartism

Borodino (village), Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast

Borodino (Бородино) is a village in Mozhaysky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia, located west of Mozhaysk.

See Napoleon and Borodino (village), Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast

Boulogne-sur-Mer

Boulogne-sur-Mer (Boulonne-su-Mér; Bonen; Gesoriacum or Bononia), often called just Boulogne, is a coastal city in Northern France.

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Bourbon Restoration in France

The Second Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history during which the House of Bourbon returned to power after the fall of the First French Empire in 1815.

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Briars, Saint Helena

Briars is the small pavilion in which Napoleon Bonaparte stayed for the first few weeks of his exile on Saint Helena in late 1815 before being moved to Longwood House.

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Brienne-le-Château

Brienne-le-Château is a commune in the Aube department in north-central France.

See Napoleon and Brienne-le-Château

British West Indies

The British West Indies (BWI) were colonised British territories in the West Indies: Anguilla, the Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Montserrat, the British Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Guiana (now Guyana) and Trinidad and Tobago.

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Bubonic plague

Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Cairo

Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.

See Napoleon and Cairo

Campaign in north-east France (1814)

The 1814 campaign in north-east France was Napoleon's final campaign of the War of the Sixth Coalition.

See Napoleon and Campaign in north-east France (1814)

Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars

By 1799, the French Revolutionary Wars had resumed after a period of relative peace in 1798.

See Napoleon and Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars

Carinthia (Slovenia)

Carinthia (Koroška; Kärnten), also Slovene Carinthia or Slovenian Carinthia (Slovenska Koroška), is a traditional region in northern Slovenia.

See Napoleon and Carinthia (Slovenia)

Carl von Clausewitz

Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) von Clausewitz (1 July 1780 – 16 November 1831) was a Prussian general and military theorist who stressed the "moral" (in modern terms meaning psychological) and political aspects of waging war.

See Napoleon and Carl von Clausewitz

Carlo Buonaparte

Carlo Maria Buonaparte or Charles-Marie Bonaparte (27 March 1746 – 24 February 1785) was a Corsican attorney best known as the father of Napoleon Bonaparte and grandfather of Napoleon III. Napoleon and Carlo Buonaparte are Corsican politicians, French Roman Catholics, French people of Italian descent and house of Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and Carlo Buonaparte

Carniola

Carniola (Kranjska;, Krain; Carniola; Krajna) is a historical region that comprised parts of present-day Slovenia.

See Napoleon and Carniola

Caroline Bonaparte

Carolina Maria Annunziata Bonaparte (French: Caroline Marie Annunciata Bonaparte; 25 March 1782 – 18 May 1839), better known as Caroline Bonaparte, was an Imperial French princess; the seventh child and third daughter of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino, and a younger sister of Napoleon I of France. Napoleon and Caroline Bonaparte are French people of Italian descent and house of Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and Caroline Bonaparte

Catarrh

Catarrh is an inflammation of mucous membranes in one of the airways or cavities of the body, usually with reference to the throat and paranasal sinuses.

See Napoleon and Catarrh

Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

See Napoleon and Catholic Church

Cádiz

Cádiz is a city in Spain and the capital of the Province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia.

See Napoleon and Cádiz

Charlemagne

Charlemagne (2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor, of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire, from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814.

See Napoleon and Charlemagne

Charles IV of Spain

Charles IV (Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno José Januario Serafín Diego de Borbón y Sajonia; 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain and ruler of the Spanish Empire from 1788 to 1808. Napoleon and Charles IV of Spain are grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz, grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal), grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain, monarchs who abdicated and people of the War of the First Coalition.

See Napoleon and Charles IV of Spain

Charles Léon

Charles Léon Denuelle de la Plaigne, Count Léon (13 December 1806 – 14 April 1881) was an illegitimate son of Emperor Napoleon of France and Napoleon's mistress Louise Catherine Eléonore Denuelle de la Plaigne.

See Napoleon and Charles Léon

Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)

Charles Victoire Emmanuel Leclerc (17 March 1772 – 2 November 1802) was a French Army general who served under Napoleon Bonaparte during the French Revolution. Napoleon and Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772) are 18th-century French military personnel, French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars and French generals.

See Napoleon and Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772)

Charles Louis de Marbeuf

Louis Charles René, comte de Marbeuf (4 November 1712, Rennes – 20 September 1786, Bastia), grand-cross of the order of Saint Louis, was a French general. Napoleon and Charles Louis de Marbeuf are French generals.

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Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (2 February 1754 – 17 May 1838), 1st Prince of Benevento, then Prince of Talleyrand, was a French secularized clergyman, statesman, and leading diplomat. Napoleon and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord are French Roman Catholics, grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain and people excommunicated by the Catholic Church.

See Napoleon and Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Ghent, 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555. Napoleon and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor are monarchs who abdicated and royal reburials.

See Napoleon and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles XIV John

Charles XIV John (Karl XIV Johan; 26 January 1763 – 8 March 1844) was King of Sweden and Norway from 1818 until his death in 1844 and the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty. Napoleon and Charles XIV John are Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain and marshals of the First French Empire.

See Napoleon and Charles XIV John

Charles-François Lebrun

Charles-François Lebrun, 1st duc de Plaisance (19 March 1739 – 16 June 1824) was a French statesman who served as Third Consul of the French Republic and was later created Arch-Treasurer by Napoleon I. Napoleon and Charles-François Lebrun are 18th-century heads of state of France, 19th-century heads of state of France and French Consulate.

See Napoleon and Charles-François Lebrun

Charles-Pierre Augereau

Charles Pierre François Augereau, 1st Duke of Castiglione (21 October 1757 – 12 June 1816) was a French military commander and a Marshal of the Empire who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon and Charles-Pierre Augereau are French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars, French generals, marshals of France, marshals of the First French Empire and military governors of Paris.

See Napoleon and Charles-Pierre Augereau

Château de Malmaison

The Château de Malmaison is a French château situated near the left bank of the Seine, about west of the centre of Paris, in the commune of Rueil-Malmaison.

See Napoleon and Château de Malmaison

Cisalpine Republic

The Cisalpine Republic (Repubblica Cisalpina) was a sister republic of France in Northern Italy that existed from 1797 to 1799, with a second version until 1802.

See Napoleon and Cisalpine Republic

Civil code

A civil code is a codification of private law relating to property, family, and obligations.

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Civil marriage

A civil marriage is a marriage performed, recorded, and recognized by a government official.

See Napoleon and Civil marriage

Claude Ribbe

Claude Ribbe (born 13 October 1954) is a French writer, activist and filmmaker.

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Clisson et Eugénie

Clisson et Eugénie, also known in English as Clisson and Eugénie, is a romantic novella, written by Napoleon Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and Clisson et Eugénie

Co-princes of Andorra

The co-princes of Andorra are jointly the heads of state (cap d'estat) of the Principality of Andorra, a landlocked microstate lying in the Pyrenees between France and Spain.

See Napoleon and Co-princes of Andorra

Concordat of 1801

The Concordat of 1801 was an agreement between the First French Republic and the Holy See, signed by First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte and Pope Pius VII on 15 July 1801 in Paris. Napoleon and Concordat of 1801 are French Consulate.

See Napoleon and Concordat of 1801

Confederation of the Rhine

The Confederated States of the Rhine, simply known as the Confederation of the Rhine or Rhine Confederation, was a confederation of German client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months after he defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz.

See Napoleon and Confederation of the Rhine

Congress of Erfurt

The Congress of Erfurt was the meeting between Napoleon, Emperor of the French, and Alexander I, Emperor of All Russia, from Tuesday 27 September to Friday 14 October 1808 intended to reaffirm the alliance concluded the previous year with the Treaties of Tilsit which followed the end of the War of the Fourth Coalition.

See Napoleon and Congress of Erfurt

Congress of Vienna

The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings to discuss and agree upon a possible new layout of the European political and constitutional order after the downfall of the French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and Congress of Vienna

Conseil d'État

In France, the Conseil d'État (Council of State) is a governmental body that acts both as legal adviser to the executive branch and as the supreme court for administrative justice, which is one of the two branches of the French judiciary system.

See Napoleon and Conseil d'État

Conspiration des poignards

The Conspiration des poignards (from French) or Complot de l'Opéra was an alleged assassination attempt against First Consul of France Napoleon Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and Conspiration des poignards

Constantinople

Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.

See Napoleon and Constantinople

Constitution of the Year VIII

The Constitution of the Year VIII (Constitution de l'an VIII or Constitution du 22 frimaire an VIII) was a national constitution of France, adopted on 24 December 1799 (during Year VIII of the French Republican calendar), which established the form of government known as the Consulate. Napoleon and constitution of the Year VIII are French Consulate.

See Napoleon and Constitution of the Year VIII

Continental System

The Continental Blockade, or Continental System, was a large-scale embargo by French Emperor Napoleon I against the British Empire from 21 November 1806 until 11 April 1814, during the Napoleonic Wars.

See Napoleon and Continental System

Convention of Cintra

The Convention of Cintra (or Sintra) was an agreement signed on 30 August 1808, during the Peninsular War.

See Napoleon and Convention of Cintra

Coronation of Napoleon

Napoleon and Joséphine were crowned Emperor and Empress of the French on Sunday, December 2, 1804 (11 Frimaire, Year XIII according to the French Republican calendar), at Notre-Dame de Paris in Paris.

See Napoleon and Coronation of Napoleon

Corps

Corps (plural corps; from French corps, from the Latin corpus "body") is a term used for several different kinds of organization.

See Napoleon and Corps

Corps législatif

The italics was a part of the French legislature during the French Revolution and beyond. Napoleon and Corps législatif are French Consulate.

See Napoleon and Corps législatif

Corsica

Corsica (Corse; Còrsega) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France.

See Napoleon and Corsica

Cossacks

The Cossacks are a predominantly East Slavic Orthodox Christian people originating in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Ukraine and southern Russia.

See Napoleon and Cossacks

Council of Five Hundred

The Council of Five Hundred (Conseil des Cinq-Cents) was the lower house of the legislature of France under the Constitution of the Year III.

See Napoleon and Council of Five Hundred

Coup of 18 Brumaire

The coup of 18 Brumaire brought Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France. Napoleon and coup of 18 Brumaire are French Consulate.

See Napoleon and Coup of 18 Brumaire

Coup of 18 Fructidor

The Coup of 18 Fructidor, Year V (4 September 1797 in the French Republican Calendar), was a seizure of power in France by members of the Directory, the government of the French First Republic, with support from the French military.

See Napoleon and Coup of 18 Fructidor

Daugava

The Daugava (Daugova; Dźwina; Düna) or Western Dvina (translit; Заходняя Дзвіна; Väina; Väinäjoki) is a large river rising in the Valdai Hills of Russia that flows through Belarus and Latvia into the Gulf of Riga of the Baltic Sea.

See Napoleon and Daugava

Désirée Clary

Bernardine Eugénie Désirée Clary (Eugenia Bernhardina Desideria; 8 November 1777 – 17 December 1860) was Queen of Sweden and Norway from 5 February 1818 to 8 March 1844 as the wife of King Charles XIV John. Napoleon and Désirée Clary are French Roman Catholics.

See Napoleon and Désirée Clary

Deism

Deism (or; derived from the Latin term deus, meaning "god") is the philosophical position and rationalistic theology that generally rejects revelation as a source of divine knowledge and asserts that empirical reason and observation of the natural world are exclusively logical, reliable, and sufficient to determine the existence of a Supreme Being as the creator of the universe.

See Napoleon and Deism

Denis Davydov

Denis Vasilyevich Davydov (Дени́с Васи́льевич Давы́дов,; –) was a Russian soldier-poet of the Napoleonic Wars who invented the genre of hussar poetry, characterised by hedonism and bravado.

See Napoleon and Denis Davydov

Departments of France

In the administrative divisions of France, the department (département) is one of the three levels of government under the national level ("territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the communes.

See Napoleon and Departments of France

Description de l'Égypte

The Description de l'Égypte ("Description of Egypt") was a series of publications, appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which aimed to comprehensively catalog all known aspects of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history.

See Napoleon and Description de l'Égypte

Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire

The dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire occurred de facto on 6 August 1806, when the last Holy Roman Emperor, Francis II of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, abdicated his title and released all Imperial states and officials from their oaths and obligations to the empire.

See Napoleon and Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire

Dover Publications

Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward and Blanche Cirker.

See Napoleon and Dover Publications

Duchy of Oldenburg

The Duchy of Oldenburg (Herzogtum Oldenburg) named after its capital, the town of Oldenburg was a state in the north-west of present-day Germany.

See Napoleon and Duchy of Oldenburg

Duchy of Warsaw

The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie; Duché de Varsovie; Herzogtum Warschau), also known as the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and Napoleonic Poland, was a French client state established by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1807, during the Napoleonic Wars.

See Napoleon and Duchy of Warsaw

Egyptian pyramids

The Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt.

See Napoleon and Egyptian pyramids

Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne

Eléonore Denuelle (13 September 1787 – 30 January 1868) was a mistress of Emperor Napoleon I of France and the mother of his son Charles, Count Léon.

See Napoleon and Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne

Elba

Elba (isola d'Elba,; Ilva) is a Mediterranean island in Tuscany, Italy, from the coastal town of Piombino on the Italian mainland, and the largest island of the Tuscan Archipelago.

See Napoleon and Elba

Elisa Bonaparte

Maria Anna Elisa Bonaparte Baciocchi Levoy (French: Marie Anne Elisa Bonaparte; 3 January 1777 – 7 August 1820), better known as Elisa Bonaparte, was an imperial French princess and sister of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon and Elisa Bonaparte are house of Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and Elisa Bonaparte

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès (3 May 174820 June 1836), usually known as the Abbé Sieyès, was a French Roman Catholic abbé, clergyman, and political writer who was the chief political theorist of the French Revolution (1789–1799); he also held offices in the governments of the French Consulate (1799–1804) and the First French Empire (1804–1815). Napoleon and Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès are 18th-century heads of state of France and French Consulate.

See Napoleon and Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès

Emmanuel, comte de Las Cases

Emmanuel-Augustin-Dieudonné-Joseph, comte de Las Cases (21 June 176615 May 1842) was a French atlas-maker and author, famed for an admiring book about Napoleon, Le Mémorial de Sainte-Hélène ("The Memorial of Saint Helena").

See Napoleon and Emmanuel, comte de Las Cases

Emperor of the French

Emperor of the French (French: Empereur des Français) was the title of the monarch and supreme ruler of the First and the Second French Empires. Napoleon and Emperor of the French are emperors of the French.

See Napoleon and Emperor of the French

Enlightened absolutism

Enlightened absolutism, also called enlightened despotism, refers to the conduct and policies of European absolute monarchs during the 18th and early 19th centuries who were influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment, espousing them to enhance their power.

See Napoleon and Enlightened absolutism

Enrico De Nicola

Enrico De Nicola, (9 November 1877 – 1 October 1959) was an Italian jurist, journalist, politician, statesman, and provisional head of state of republican Italy from 1946 to 1948.

See Napoleon and Enrico De Nicola

Equality before the law

Equality before the law, also known as equality under the law, equality in the eyes of the law, legal equality, or legal egalitarianism, is the principle that all people must be equally protected by the law.

See Napoleon and Equality before the law

Erich Fromm

Erich Seligmann Fromm (March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was a German-American social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist.

See Napoleon and Erich Fromm

Eugène de Beauharnais

Eugène Rose de Beauharnais (3 September 1781 – 21 February 1824) was a French nobleman, statesman, and military commander who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon and Eugène de Beauharnais are French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars, French generals, Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain and people of the First French Empire.

See Napoleon and Eugène de Beauharnais

Excommunication

Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments.

See Napoleon and Excommunication

Faber & Faber

Faber and Faber Limited, commonly known as Faber & Faber or simply Faber, is an independent publishing house in London.

See Napoleon and Faber & Faber

Fall of Maximilien Robespierre

The Coup d'état of 9 Thermidor or the Fall of Maximilien Robespierre is the series of events beginning with Maximilien Robespierre's address to the National Convention on 8 Thermidor Year II (26 July 1794), his arrest the next day, and his execution on 10 Thermidor (28 July).

See Napoleon and Fall of Maximilien Robespierre

Fath-Ali Shah Qajar

Fath-Ali Shah Qajar (Fatḥ-ʻAli Šâh Qâjâr; May 1769 – 24 October 1834) was the second Shah (king) of Qajar Iran. Napoleon and Fath-Ali Shah Qajar are 1769 births.

See Napoleon and Fath-Ali Shah Qajar

Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies

Ferdinand I (Italian: Ferdinando I; 12 January 1751 – 4 January 1825) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1816 until his death. Napoleon and Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies are grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain and people of the War of the First Coalition.

See Napoleon and Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies

Ferdinand VII

Ferdinand VII (Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was King of Spain during the early 19th century. Napoleon and Ferdinand VII are grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz, grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal), grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary and Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain.

See Napoleon and Ferdinand VII

Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim

Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim, O.S.I. (9 November 1744 – 12 May 1805) was the 71st Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller, formally the Order of St.

See Napoleon and Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim

Feudalism

Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was a combination of legal, economic, military, cultural, and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe from the 9th to 15th centuries.

See Napoleon and Feudalism

First French Empire

The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire after 1809 and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.

See Napoleon and First French Empire

Flag

A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular) with distinctive colours and design.

See Napoleon and Flag

François Carlo Antommarchi

François Carlo Antommarchi (5 July 1780 – 4 March 1838) was Napoleon's physician from 1819 to his death in 1821.

See Napoleon and François Carlo Antommarchi

France 24

France 24 (vingt-quatre in French) is a French publicly-funded international news television network based in Paris.

See Napoleon and France 24

Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros

Francisco Antonio de la Dueña y Cisneros (referred to in Catalan as Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros) (1753–1821), was a Spanish clergyman. Napoleon and Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros are 1821 deaths and 19th-century princes of Andorra.

See Napoleon and Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros

Francesco Melzi d'Eril

Francesco Melzi d'Eril, Duke of Lodi, Count of Magenta (6 March 1753 – 16 January 1816) was an Italian politician and patriot, serving as vice-president of the Napoleonic Italian Republic (1802–1805).

See Napoleon and Francesco Melzi d'Eril

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor

Francis II and I (Franz II.; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor as Francis II from 1792 to 1806, and the first Emperor of Austria as Francis I from 1804 to 1835. Napoleon and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor are grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz, grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal), grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword and people of the War of the First Coalition.

See Napoleon and Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frankfurt proposals

The Frankfurt proposals (also called the Frankfurt memorandum) were a Coalition peace initiative designed by Austrian foreign minister Klemens von Metternich.

See Napoleon and Frankfurt proposals

Frederick Lewis Maitland

Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland (7 September 177730 November 1839) was an officer in the Royal Navy during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.

See Napoleon and Frederick Lewis Maitland

Frederick William III of Prussia

Frederick William III (Friedrich Wilhelm III.; 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. Napoleon and Frederick William III of Prussia are grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz, grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal), grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword and Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain.

See Napoleon and Frederick William III of Prussia

French Academy of Sciences

The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research.

See Napoleon and French Academy of Sciences

French Army

The French Army, officially known as the Land Army (Armée de terre), is the principal land warfare force of France, and the largest component of the French Armed Forces; it is responsible to the Government of France, alongside the French Navy, French Air and Space Force, and the National Gendarmerie.

See Napoleon and French Army

French brig Inconstant (1811)

Inconstant was a, one of 32, launched in 1811 for the French Navy.

See Napoleon and French brig Inconstant (1811)

French Consulate

The Consulate (Consulat) was the top-level government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of 18 Brumaire on 9 November 1799 until the start of the French Empire on 18 May 1804.

See Napoleon and French Consulate

French Directory

The Directory (also called Directorate) was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire an IV) until October 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the Consulate.

See Napoleon and French Directory

French expedition to Sardinia

The French expedition to Sardinia was a short military campaign fought in 1793 in the Mediterranean Sea in the first year of the War of the First Coalition, during the French Revolutionary Wars.

See Napoleon and French expedition to Sardinia

French First Republic

In the history of France, the First Republic (Première République), sometimes referred to in historiography as Revolutionary France, and officially the French Republic (République française), was founded on 21 September 1792 during the French Revolution.

See Napoleon and French First Republic

French invasion of Egypt and Syria

The French invasion of Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was an invasion and occupation of the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria, by forces of the French First Republic led by Napoleon Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and French invasion of Egypt and Syria

French invasion of Malta

The French invasion of Malta (Invażjoni Franċiża ta' Malta, Débarquement Français à Malte) was the successful invasion of the islands of Malta and Gozo, then ruled by the Order of St. John, by the French First Republic led by Napoleon Bonaparte in June 1798 as part of the Mediterranean campaign of the French Revolutionary Wars.

See Napoleon and French invasion of Malta

French invasion of Russia

The French invasion of Russia, also known as the Russian campaign (Campagne de Russie) and in Russia as the Patriotic War of 1812 (Otéchestvennaya voyná 1812 góda), was initiated by Napoleon with the aim of compelling the Russian Empire to comply with the continental blockade of the United Kingdom.

See Napoleon and French invasion of Russia

French occupation of Moscow

French Emperor Napoléon Bonaparte's Grande Armée occupied Moscow from 14 September to 19 October 1812 during the Napoleonic Wars.

See Napoleon and French occupation of Moscow

French Republican calendar

The French Republican calendar (calendrier républicain français), also commonly called the French Revolutionary calendar (calendrier révolutionnaire français), was a calendar created and implemented during the French Revolution, and used by the French government for about 12 years from late 1793 to 1805, and for 18 days by the Paris Commune in 1871, and meant to replace the Gregorian calendar.

See Napoleon and French Republican calendar

French Revolution

The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.

See Napoleon and French Revolution

French Revolutionary Wars

The French Revolutionary Wars (Guerres de la Révolution française) were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802.

See Napoleon and French Revolutionary Wars

Fyodor Rostopchin

Count Fyodor Vasilyevich Rostopchin (Фёдор Васильевич Ростопчин) (&ndash) was a Russian statesman and General of the Infantry who served as the Governor-General of Moscow during the French invasion of Russia.

See Napoleon and Fyodor Rostopchin

Galilee

Galilee (hagGālīl; Galilaea; al-jalīl) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon.

See Napoleon and Galilee

Gaza City

Gaza, also called Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip.

See Napoleon and Gaza City

Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher

Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Fürst von Wahlstatt (21 December 1742 – 12 September 1819), Graf (count), later elevated to Fürst (sovereign prince) von Wahlstatt, was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall (field marshal).

See Napoleon and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher

Genoa

Genoa (Genova,; Zêna) is a city in and the capital of the Italian region of Liguria, and the sixth-largest city in Italy.

See Napoleon and Genoa

Geodesy

Geodesy or geodetics is the science of measuring and representing the geometry, gravity, and spatial orientation of the Earth in temporally varying 3D.

See Napoleon and Geodesy

Georges Ernest Boulanger

Georges Ernest Jean-Marie Boulanger (29 April 1837 – 30 September 1891), nicknamed Général Revanche ("General Revenge"), was a French general and politician. Napoleon and Georges Ernest Boulanger are French Roman Catholics and French generals.

See Napoleon and Georges Ernest Boulanger

German Confederation

The German Confederation was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe.

See Napoleon and German Confederation

German nationalism

German nationalism is an ideological notion that promotes the unity of Germans and of the Germanosphere into one unified nation-state.

See Napoleon and German nationalism

Ghetto

A ghetto is a part of a city in which members of a minority group are concentrated, especially as a result of political, social, legal, religious, environmental or economic pressure.

See Napoleon and Ghetto

Golfe-Juan

Golfe-Juan (Lo Gorg Joan, Lo Golfe Joan) is a seaside resort on France's Côte d'Azur.

See Napoleon and Golfe-Juan

Grand Duchy of Finland

The Grand Duchy of Finland, officially and also translated as the Grand Principality of Finland, was the predecessor state of modern Finland.

See Napoleon and Grand Duchy of Finland

Grande Armée

paren) was the main military component of the French Imperial Army commanded by Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte during the Napoleonic Wars. From 1804 to 1808, it won a series of military victories that allowed the French Empire to exercise unprecedented control over most of Europe. Widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest fighting forces ever assembled, it suffered enormous losses during the disastrous Peninsular War followed by the invasion of Russia in 1812, after which it never recovered its strategic superiority and ended in total defeat for Napoleonic France by the Peace of Paris in 1815.

See Napoleon and Grande Armée

Grapeshot

In artillery, a grapeshot is a type of ammunition that consists of a collection of smaller-caliber round shots packed tightly in a canvas bag and separated from the gunpowder charge by a metal wadding, rather than being a single solid projectile.

See Napoleon and Grapeshot

Grenoble

Grenoble (or Grainóvol; Graçanòbol) is the prefecture and largest city of the Isère department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France.

See Napoleon and Grenoble

Guadeloupe

Guadeloupe (Gwadloup) is an overseas department and region of France in the Caribbean.

See Napoleon and Guadeloupe

Guild

A guild is an association of artisans and merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular territory.

See Napoleon and Guild

Habsburg monarchy

The Habsburg monarchy, also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm, was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg.

See Napoleon and Habsburg monarchy

Haifa

Haifa (Ḥēyfā,; Ḥayfā) is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in.

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Haiti

Haiti, officially the Republic of Haiti, is a country on the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea, east of Cuba and Jamaica, and south of The Bahamas.

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Haitian Revolution

The Haitian Revolution (révolution haïtienne or La guerre de l'indépendance; Lagè d Lendependans) was a successful insurrection by self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti.

See Napoleon and Haitian Revolution

Hand-in-waistcoat

The hand-in-waistcoat (also referred to as hand-inside-vest, hand-in-jacket, hand-held-in, or hidden hand) is a gesture commonly found in portraiture during the 18th and 19th centuries.

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HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers LLC is a British-American publishing company that is considered to be one of the "Big Five" English-language publishers, along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, Macmillan, and Simon & Schuster.

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Helvetic Republic

The Helvetic Republic was a sister republic of France that existed between 1798 and 1803, during the French Revolutionary Wars.

See Napoleon and Helvetic Republic

Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland

Henry Richard Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland of Holland, and 3rd Baron Holland of Foxley PC (21 November 1773 – 22 October 1840), was an English politician and a major figure in Whig politics in the early 19th century.

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Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.

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Hippolyte Taine

Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (21 April 1828 – 5 March 1893) was a French historian, critic and philosopher.

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Hispanic America

The region known as Hispanic America (Hispanoamérica or América Hispana) and historically as Spanish America (América Española) is all the Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas.

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Historical Dictionary of Switzerland

The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland (Dictionnaire historique de la Suisse; DHS) is an encyclopedia on the history of Switzerland.

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HMS Northumberland (1798)

HMS Northumberland was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built at the yards of Barnard, Deptford and launched on 2 February 1798.

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HMS Undaunted (1807)

HMS Undaunted was a fifth-rate 38-gun sailing frigate of the British Royal Navy, built during the Napoleonic Wars, which conveyed Napoleon to his first exile on the island of Elba in early 1814.

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.

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Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson

Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronte (– 21 October 1805) was a British flag officer in the Royal Navy. Napoleon and Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson are people of the War of the First Coalition.

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Horses in warfare

The first evidence of horses in warfare dates from Eurasia between 4000 and 3000 BC.

See Napoleon and Horses in warfare

Horses of Saint Mark

The Horses of Saint Mark (Cavalli di San Marco), also known as the Triumphal Quadriga or Horses of the Hippodrome of Constantinople, is a set of bronze statues of four horses, originally part of a monument depicting a quadriga (a four-horse carriage used for chariot racing).

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Hospitaller Malta

Hospitaller Malta, known in Maltese history as the Knights' Period (Żmien il-Kavallieri), was a ''de facto'' state which existed between 1530 and 1798 when the Mediterranean islands of Malta and Gozo were ruled by the Order of St. John of Jerusalem.

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House of Bonaparte

The House of Bonaparte is a former imperial and royal European dynasty of Italian origin. Napoleon and House of Bonaparte are French people of Italian descent.

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House of Bourbon

The House of Bourbon (also) is a dynasty that originated in the Kingdom of France as a branch of the Capetian dynasty, the royal House of France.

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House of Habsburg

The House of Habsburg (Haus Habsburg), also known as the House of Austria, was one of the most prominent and important dynasties in European history.

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Hudson Lowe

Sir Hudson Lowe (28 July 176910 January 1844) was an Anglo-Irish General during the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars who is best known for his time as Governor of St Helena, where he was the jailor of Emperor Napoleon. Napoleon and Hudson Lowe are 1769 births.

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Hundred Days

The Hundred Days (les Cent-Jours), also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (Guerre de la Septième Coalition), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).

See Napoleon and Hundred Days

Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

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Inferiority complex

In psychology, an inferiority complex is a consistent feeling of inadequacy, often resulting in the belief that one is in some way deficient, or inferior, to others.

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Inn (river)

The Inn (Aenus; En) is a river in Switzerland, Austria and Germany.

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Insurrection of 10 August 1792

The insurrection of 10 August 1792 was a defining event of the French Revolution, when armed revolutionaries in Paris, increasingly in conflict with the French monarchy, stormed the Tuileries Palace.

See Napoleon and Insurrection of 10 August 1792

Ionian Islands

The Ionian Islands (Modern Greek: Ιόνια νησιά, Ionia nisia; Ancient Greek, Katharevousa: Ἰόνιαι Νῆσοι, Ionioi Nēsoi) are a group of islands in the Ionian Sea, west of mainland Greece.

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Iron Crown

The Iron Crown (in Italian, Latin, and Lombard: Corona Ferrea; Eiserne Krone) is a reliquary votive crown, traditionally considered one of the oldest royal insignia of Christendom.

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Islam

Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.

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Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars

The Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1801) were a series of conflicts fought principally in Northern Italy between the French Revolutionary Army and a Coalition of Austria, Russia, Piedmont-Sardinia, and a number of other Italian states.

See Napoleon and Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars

Italian Republic (Napoleonic)

The Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana) was a short-lived (1802–1805) republic located in Northern Italy.

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Jacobins

The Society of the Friends of the Constitution (Société des amis de la Constitution), renamed the Society of the Jacobins, Friends of Freedom and Equality (Société des Jacobins, amis de la liberté et de l'égalité) after 1792 and commonly known as the Jacobin Club (Club des Jacobins) or simply the Jacobins, was the most influential political club during the French Revolution of 1789.

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Jacques Antoine Hippolyte, Comte de Guibert

Jacques-Antoine-Hippolyte, Comte de Guibert (12 November 1743 – 6 May 1790) was a French general and military writer. Napoleon and Jacques Antoine Hippolyte, Comte de Guibert are French generals.

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Jacques-Louis David

Jacques-Louis David (30 August 1748 – 29 December 1825) was a French painter in the Neoclassical style, considered to be the preeminent painter of the era.

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Jaffa

Jaffa (Yāfō,; Yāfā), also called Japho or Joppa in English, is an ancient Levantine port city now part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel, located in its southern part.

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Jérôme Bonaparte

Jérôme-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Girolamo Buonaparte; 15 November 1784 – 24 June 1860) was the youngest brother of Napoleon I and reigned as Jerome Napoleon I (formally Hieronymus Napoleon in German), King of Westphalia, between 1807 and 1813. Napoleon and Jérôme Bonaparte are French commanders of the Napoleonic Wars, French people of Italian descent, house of Bonaparte, marshals of France, military personnel from Ajaccio and politicians from Ajaccio.

See Napoleon and Jérôme Bonaparte

Jean Victor Marie Moreau

Jean Victor Marie Moreau (14 February 1763 – 2 September 1813) was a French general who helped Napoleon Bonaparte rise to power, but later became his chief military and political rival and was banished to the United States. Napoleon and Jean Victor Marie Moreau are French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars and marshals of France.

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Jean-Baptiste Kléber

Jean-Baptiste Kléber (9 March 1753 – 14 June 1800) was a French military leader of the French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleon and Jean-Baptiste Kléber are French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars, French generals, French governors of Egypt and people of the War of the First Coalition.

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Jean-Jacques Dessalines

Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Haitian Creole: Jan-Jak Desalin;; 20 September 1758 – 17 October 1806) was the first Haitian Emperor, and leader of the Haitian Revolution, and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution. Napoleon and Jean-Jacques Dessalines are self-proclaimed monarchy.

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Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès

Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès, Duke of Parma (18 October 17538 March 1824), was a French nobleman, lawyer, freemason and statesman during the French Revolution and the First Empire. Napoleon and Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès are 18th-century heads of state of France, 19th-century heads of state of France, French Consulate and French Roman Catholics.

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Jena

Jena is a city in Germany and the second largest city in Thuringia.

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Joachim Murat

Joachim Murat (also,; Gioacchino Murat; 25 March 1767 – 13 October 1815) was a French military commander and statesman who served during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon and Joachim Murat are French Roman Catholics, Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain, marshals of the First French Empire, military governors of Paris and people of the War of the First Coalition.

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John Lynch (historian)

John Lynch (11 January 1927 – 4 April 2018) was Professor of Latin American History at the University of London.

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José de San Martín

José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 177817 August 1850), nicknamed "the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru", was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire who served as the Protector of Peru.

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Joséphine de Beauharnais

Joséphine Bonaparte (born Marie Josèphe Rose Tascher de La Pagerie; 23 June 1763 – 29 May 1814) was the first wife of Emperor Napoleon I and as such Empress of the French from 18 May 1804 until their marriage was annulled on 10 January 1810. Napoleon and Joséphine de Beauharnais are French Roman Catholics, house of Bonaparte and people of the First French Empire.

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Joseph Bonaparte

Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Giuseppe di Buonaparte,; Ghjuseppe Napulione Bonaparte; José Napoleón Bonaparte; 7 January 176828 July 1844) was a French statesman, lawyer, diplomat and older brother of Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon and Joseph Bonaparte are French Roman Catholics, French people of Italian descent, house of Bonaparte, Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain and monarchs who abdicated.

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Joseph Farington

Joseph Farington (21 November 1747 – 30 December 1821) was an 18th-century English landscape painter and diarist. Napoleon and Joseph Farington are 1821 deaths.

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Joseph Fouché

Joseph Fouché, 1st Duc d'Otrante, 1st Comte Fouché (21 May 1759 – 25 December 1820) was a French statesman, revolutionary, and Minister of Police under First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, who later became a subordinate of Emperor Napoleon.

See Napoleon and Joseph Fouché

Julie Clary

Marie Julie Clary (26 December 1771 – 7 April 1845), was Queen of Naples, then of Spain and the Indies, as the wife of Joseph Bonaparte, who was King of Naples from January 1806 to June 1808, and later King of Spain and the Spanish West Indies from 25 June 1808 to June 1813. Napoleon and Julie Clary are house of Bonaparte.

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Karl Mack von Leiberich

Karl Freiherr Mack von Leiberich (25 August 1752 – 22 December 1828) was an Austrian officer. Napoleon and Karl Mack von Leiberich are people of the War of the First Coalition.

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Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg

Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg (8 February 1744 – 10 February 1817) was a Catholic German bishop and statesman.

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King of Italy

King of Italy (Re d'Italia; Rex Italiae) was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.

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King of the Romans

King of the Romans (Rex Romanorum; König der Römer) was the title used by the king of East Francia following his election by the princes from the reign of Henry II (1002–1024) onward.

See Napoleon and King of the Romans

Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)

The Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia; Royaume d'Italie) was a kingdom in Northern Italy (formerly the Italian Republic) that was a client state of Napoleon's French Empire.

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Kingdom of Mysore

The Kingdom of Mysore was a geopolitical realm in southern India founded in around 1399 in the vicinity of the modern-day city of Mysore and prevailed until 1950.

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Kingdom of Portugal

The Kingdom of Portugal was a monarchy in the western Iberian Peninsula and the predecessor of the modern Portuguese Republic.

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Kingdom of Westphalia

The Kingdom of Westphalia was a client state of France in present-day Germany that existed from 1807 to 1813.

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Kleinstaaterei

The word Kleinstaaterei ("small-state-ery") is a pejorative term coined in the early nineteenth century to denote the territorial fragmentation of Germany.

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Knights Hospitaller

The Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani), commonly known as the Knights Hospitaller, is a Catholic military order.

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Last rites

The last rites, also known as the Commendation of the Dying, are the last prayers and ministrations given to an individual of Christian faith, when possible, shortly before death, especially in the Catholic Church.

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Le souper de Beaucaire

Le souper de Beaucaire was a political pamphlet written by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1793.

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Legacy of Napoleon

French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821) has a highly polarized legacy—Napoleon is typically loved or hated with few nuances.

See Napoleon and Legacy of Napoleon

Legion of Honour

The National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), formerly the Royal Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre royal de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit, both military and civil, and currently comprises five classes.

See Napoleon and Legion of Honour

Leipzig

Leipzig (Upper Saxon: Leibz'sch) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony.

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Leoben

Leoben is a Styrian city in central Austria, located on the Mur river.

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Les Invalides

The Hôtel des Invalides ("house of invalids"), commonly called italic, is a complex of buildings in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, containing museums and monuments, all relating to the military history of France, as well as a hospital and an Old Soldiers' retirement home, the building's original purpose.

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Letizia Bonaparte

Maria-Letizia Bonaparte (née Ramolino; 24 August 1750 or 1749 – 2 February 1836), known as Letizia Bonaparte, was a Corsican noblewoman and the mother of Napoleon I of France. Napoleon and Letizia Bonaparte are French people of Italian descent, house of Bonaparte and people of the First French Empire.

See Napoleon and Letizia Bonaparte

Ligurian Republic

The Ligurian Republic (Repubblica Ligure, Repubbrica Ligure, République ligure.) or Republic of Liguria was a French client republic formed by Napoleon on 14 June 1797.

See Napoleon and Ligurian Republic

List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1816

This is a complete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1816.

See Napoleon and List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1816

List of French monarchs

France was ruled by monarchs from the establishment of the Kingdom of West Francia in 843 until the end of the Second French Empire in 1870, with several interruptions.

See Napoleon and List of French monarchs

List of German monarchs

This is a list of monarchs who ruled over East Francia, and the Kingdom of Germany (Regnum Teutonicum), from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 and the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806 until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918.

See Napoleon and List of German monarchs

Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.

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Lobau

The Lobau is a Vienna floodplain on the northern side of the Danube in Donaustadt and partly in Großenzersdorf, Lower Austria.

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Lombardy

Lombardy (Lombardia; Lombardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population.

See Napoleon and Lombardy

Longwood House

Longwood House is a mansion in St. Helena and the final residence of Napoleon Bonaparte, the former Emperor of the French, during his exile on the island of Saint Helena, from 10 December 1815 until his death on 5 May 1821.

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Longwood, Saint Helena

Longwood is a settlement and a district of the British island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.

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Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien

Louis Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Enghien (duc d'Enghien pronounced) (Louis Antoine Henri; 2 August 1772 – 21 March 1804) was a member of the House of Bourbon of France.

See Napoleon and Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien

Louis Bonaparte

Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (born Luigi Buonaparte; 2 September 1778 – 25 July 1846) was a younger brother of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French. Napoleon and Louis Bonaparte are exiled royalty, French Roman Catholics, French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars, French people of Italian descent, house of Bonaparte, Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain, military governors of Paris, military personnel from Ajaccio and monarchs who abdicated.

See Napoleon and Louis Bonaparte

Louis Desaix

Louis Charles Antoine Desaix (17 August 176814 June 1800) was a French general and military leader during the French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleon and Louis Desaix are generals of the First French Empire.

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Louis Philippe I

Louis Philippe I (6 October 1773 – 26 August 1850), nicknamed the Citizen King, was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, and the penultimate monarch of France. Napoleon and Louis Philippe I are 19th-century monarchs of France, 19th-century princes of Andorra, French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars, French Roman Catholics, French generals, Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain, monarchs who abdicated and royal reburials.

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Louis Visconti

Louis Tullius Joachim Visconti (Rome February 11, 1791 – December 29, 1853) was an Italian-born French architect and designer.

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Louis XVI

Louis XVI (Louis Auguste;; 23 August 175421 January 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution. Napoleon and Louis XVI are Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain, people of the War of the First Coalition and royal reburials.

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Louis XVIII

Louis XVIII (Louis Stanislas Xavier; 17 November 1755 – 16 September 1824), known as the Desired, was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. Napoleon and Louis XVIII are 19th-century monarchs of France, 19th-century princes of Andorra, French Roman Catholics, grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz, grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal), grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary and Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain.

See Napoleon and Louis XVIII

Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase (translation) was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803.

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Louvre

The Louvre, or the Louvre Museum, is a national art museum in Paris, France, and one of the most famous museums in the world.

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Low Countries

The Low Countries (de Lage Landen; les Pays-Bas), historically also known as the Netherlands (de Nederlanden), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Benelux" countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (Nederland, which is singular).

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Lucien Bonaparte

Lucien Bonaparte, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano (born Luciano Buonaparte; 21 May 1775 – 29 June 1840), was a French politician and diplomat of the French Revolution and the Consulate. Napoleon and Lucien Bonaparte are deaths from stomach cancer, French Roman Catholics, house of Bonaparte and politicians from Ajaccio.

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Macmillan Publishers

Macmillan Publishers (occasionally known as the Macmillan Group; formally Macmillan Publishers Ltd in the UK and Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC in the US) is a British publishing company traditionally considered to be one of the 'Big Five' English language publishers (along with Penguin Random House, Hachette, HarperCollins and Simon & Schuster).

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Mahomet (play)

Mahomet (Le fanatisme, ou Mahomet le Prophète, literally Fanaticism, or Mahomet the Prophet) is a five-act tragedy written in 1736 by French playwright and philosopher Voltaire.

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Maison Bonaparte

Maison Bonaparte (Corsican and Italian: Casa Buonaparte) is the ancestral home of the Bonaparte family. Napoleon and Maison Bonaparte are house of Bonaparte.

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Malet coup of 1812

The Malet coup of 1812 was an attempted coup d'état in Paris, France, aimed at removing Napoleon I, then campaigning in Russia, from power.

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Malta

Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Malta (island)

Malta is an island in Southern Europe.

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Mamluk

Mamluk or Mamaluk (mamlūk (singular), مماليك, mamālīk (plural); translated as "one who is owned", meaning "slave") were non-Arab, ethnically diverse (mostly Turkic, Caucasian, Eastern and Southeastern European) enslaved mercenaries, slave-soldiers, and freed slaves who were assigned high-ranking military and administrative duties, serving the ruling Arab and Ottoman dynasties in the Muslim world.

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Manorialism

Manorialism, also known as seigneurialism, the manor system or manorial system, was the method of land ownership (or "tenure") in parts of Europe, notably France and later England, during the Middle Ages.

See Napoleon and Manorialism

Marie de' Medici

Marie de' Medici (Marie de Médicis; Maria de' Medici; 26 April 1575 – 3 July 1642) was Queen of France and Navarre as the second wife of King Henry IV. Napoleon and Marie de' Medici are royal reburials.

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Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma

Marie Louise (12 December 1791 – 17 December 1847) was Duchess of Parma from 11 April 1814 until her death in 1847.

See Napoleon and Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma

Marie Walewska

Marie Walewska, Countess Walewska (née Łączyńska; Maria Walewska; 7 December 1786 – 11 December 1817) was a Polish noblewoman in the court of Napoleon I who used her influence to sway the emperor towards the creation of an independent Polish state.

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Mass media

Mass media include the diverse arrays of media that reach a large audience via mass communication.

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Maurice Orange

Maurice Orange, who was born in 1867 and died in 1916, was a French painter and artist.

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Maximilien Robespierre

Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre (6 May 1758 – 10 Thermidor, Year II 28 July 1794) was a French lawyer and statesman, widely recognized as one of the most influential and controversial figures of the French Revolution. Napoleon and Maximilien Robespierre are French deists and people of the War of the First Coalition.

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Mesures usuelles

Mesures usuelles (customary measurements) were a French system of measurement introduced by French Emperor Napoleon I in 1812 to act as compromise between the metric system and traditional measurements.

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Metric system

The metric system is a decimal-based system of measurement.

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Michael von Melas

Michael Friedrich Benedikt Baron von Melas (12 May 1729 – 31 May 1806) was a Transylvanian-born field marshal of Greek descent for the Austrian Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Michel Ney

Michel Ney, 1st Prince de la Moskowa, 1st Duke of Elchingen (10 January 1769 – 7 December 1815), was a French military commander and Marshal of the Empire who fought in the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon and Michel Ney are 1769 births, grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal), marshals of the First French Empire and people of the War of the First Coalition.

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Milan Cathedral

Milan Cathedral (Duomo di Milano; Domm de Milan), or Metropolitan Cathedral-Basilica of the Nativity of Saint Mary (Basilica cattedrale metropolitana di Santa Maria Nascente), is the cathedral church of Milan, Lombardy, Italy.

See Napoleon and Milan Cathedral

Military career of Napoleon

The military career of Napoleon spanned over 20 years.

See Napoleon and Military career of Napoleon

Military organization

Military organization (AE) or military organisation (BE) is the structuring of the armed forces of a state so as to offer such military capability as a national defense policy may require.

See Napoleon and Military organization

Misogyny

Misogyny is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls.

See Napoleon and Misogyny

Moldavia

Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei, literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: Молдова or Цара Мѡлдовєй) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River.

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Monarchy of Spain

The monarchy of Spain or Spanish monarchy (Monarquía Española) is the constitutional form of government of Spain.

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Montenotte campaign

The Montenotte campaign began on 10 April 1796 with an action at Voltri and ended with the Armistice of Cherasco on 28 April.

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Muhammad

Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.

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Napoleon and the Jews

The first laws to emancipate Jews in France were enacted during the French Revolution, establishing them as citizens equal to other Frenchmen.

See Napoleon and Napoleon and the Jews

Napoleon complex

The Napoleon complex, also known as Napoleon syndrome and short-man syndrome, is a purported condition normally attributed to people of short stature, with overly aggressive or domineering social behavior.

See Napoleon and Napoleon complex

Napoleon Crossing the Alps

Napoleon Crossing the Alps (also known as Napoleon at the Saint-Bernard Pass or Bonaparte Crossing the Alps; listed as Le Premier Consul franchissant les Alpes au col du Grand Saint-Bernard) is a series of five oil on canvas equestrian portraits of Napoleon Bonaparte painted by the French artist Jacques-Louis David between 1801 and 1805.

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Napoleon II

Napoleon II (Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte; 20 March 181122 July 1832) was the disputed Emperor of the French for a few weeks in 1815. Napoleon and Napoleon II are 19th-century monarchs of France, 19th-century princes of Andorra, emperors of the French, French Roman Catholics, grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, house of Bonaparte, people of the First French Empire and royal reburials.

See Napoleon and Napoleon II

Napoleon III

Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 18089 January 1873) was the first president of France from 1848 to 1852, and the last monarch of France as the second Emperor of the French from 1852 until he was deposed on 4 September 1870. Napoleon and Napoleon III are 19th-century monarchs of France, 19th-century princes of Andorra, emperors of the French, exiled royalty, French Roman Catholics, French people of Italian descent, grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz, grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal), grand Crosses of the Order of Saint James of the Sword, grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary, house of Bonaparte, Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain, leaders who took power by coup, monarchs taken prisoner in wartime, royal reburials and self-proclaimed monarchy.

See Napoleon and Napoleon III

Napoleon's penis

Napoleon's penis was allegedly amputated during an autopsy shortly after his death in 1821.

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Napoleon's theorem

In geometry, Napoleon's theorem states that if equilateral triangles are constructed on the sides of any triangle, either all outward or all inward, the lines connecting the centres of those equilateral triangles themselves form an equilateral triangle.

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Napoleon's tomb

Napoleon's tomb (tombeau de Napoléon) is the monument erected at Les Invalides in Paris to keep the remains of Napoleon following their repatriation to France from Saint Helena in 1840, or retour des cendres, at the initiative of King Louis Philippe I and his minister Adolphe Thiers.

See Napoleon and Napoleon's tomb

Napoleonic Code

The Napoleonic Code, officially the Civil Code of the French (simply referred to as Code civil), is the French civil code established during the French Consulate in 1804 and still in force in France, although heavily and frequently amended since its inception.

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Napoleonic looting of art

The Napoleonic looting of art (Spoliations napoléoniennes) was a series of confiscations of artworks and precious objects carried out by the French Army or French officials in the conquered territories of the French Republic and Empire, including the Italian Peninsula, Spain, Portugal, the Low Countries, and Central Europe.

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Napoleonic tactics

Napoleonic tactics describe certain battlefield principles used by national armies from the late 18th century until the invention and adoption of the rifled musket in the mid 19th century.

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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.

See Napoleon and Napoleonic Wars

Narcissistic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a life-long pattern of exaggerated feelings of self-importance, an excessive need for admiration, and a diminished ability to empathize with other people's feelings.

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Nation state

A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.

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National Convention

The National Convention (Convention nationale) was the constituent assembly of the Kingdom of France for one day and the French First Republic for its first three years during the French Revolution, following the two-year National Constituent Assembly and the one-year Legislative Assembly.

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National Post

The National Post is a Canadian English-language broadsheet newspaper and the flagship publication of Postmedia Network.

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Neman

The Neman, Niemen or Nemunas is a river in Europe that rises in central Belarus and flows through Lithuania then forms the northern border of Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia's western exclave, which specifically follows its southern channel.

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Notre-Dame de Paris

Notre-Dame de Paris (meaning "Our Lady of Paris"), referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the River Seine), in the 4th arrondissement of Paris, France.

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Old Guard (France)

The Old Guard (Vieille Garde) were the veteran elements of the Emperor Napoleon's Imperial Guard.

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Omen

An omen (also called portent) is a phenomenon that is believed to foretell the future, often signifying the advent of change.

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Organic Articles

The Organic Articles (French: Articles Organiques) was a law administering public worship in France.

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Orient

The Orient is a term referring to the East in relation to Europe, traditionally comprising anything belonging to the Eastern world.

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Ormea

Ormea is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Cuneo in the Italian region Piedmont, located about south of Turin and about southeast of Cuneo.

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Ottoman Egypt

Ottoman Egypt was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire after the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottomans in 1517.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.

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Outlaw

An outlaw, in its original and legal meaning, is a person declared as outside the protection of the law.

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Oxford

Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.

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Palace of Fontainebleau

Palace of Fontainebleau (Château de Fontainebleau), located southeast of the center of Paris, in the commune of Fontainebleau, is one of the largest French royal châteaux.

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Papal States

The Papal States (Stato Pontificio), officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa; Status Ecclesiasticus), were a conglomeration of territories on the Apennine Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope from 756 to 1870.

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Pasquale Paoli

Filippo Antonio Pasquale de' Paoli (Pasquale or Pasquali Paoli; Philippe-Antoine-Pascal Paoli; 6 April 1725 – 5 February 1807) was a Corsican-French patriot, statesman, and military leader who was at the forefront of resistance movements against the Genoese and later French rule over the island. Napoleon and Pasquale Paoli are Corsican politicians.

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Paul Barras

Paul François Jean Nicolas, Vicomte de Barras (30 June 1755 – 29 January 1829), commonly known as Paul Barras, was a French politician of the French Revolution, and the main executive leader of the Directory regime of 1795–1799. Napoleon and Paul Barras are 18th-century French military personnel, leaders who took power by coup and military governors of Paris.

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Paul Delaroche

Hippolyte-Paul Delaroche (Paris, 17 July 1797 – Paris, 4 November 1856) was a French painter who achieved his greater successes painting historical scenes.

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Pauline Bonaparte

Paula Maria Bonaparte Leclerc Borghese (French: Pauline Marie Bonaparte; 20 October 1780 – 9 June 1825), better known as Pauline Bonaparte, was an imperial French princess, the first sovereign Duchess of Guastalla, and the princess consort of Sulmona and Rossano. Napoleon and Pauline Bonaparte are house of Bonaparte.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.

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Peace of Leoben

The Peace of Leoben was a general armistice and preliminary peace agreement between the Holy Roman Empire and the First French Republic that ended the War of the First Coalition.

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Peninsular War

The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Piedmont

Piedmont (Piemonte,; Piemont), located in northwest Italy, is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

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Pierre-Charles Villeneuve

Pierre-Charles-Jean-Baptiste-Silvestre de Villeneuve (31 December 1763 – 22 April 1806) was a French naval officer during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Pierre-Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy. Napoleon and Pierre-Simon Laplace are French deists.

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Pieter Geyl

Pieter Catharinus Arie Geyl (15 December 1887, Dordrecht – 31 December 1966, Utrecht) was a Dutch historian, well known for his studies in early modern Dutch history and in historiography.

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Pitched battle

A pitched battle or set-piece battle is a battle in which opposing forces each anticipate the setting of the battle, and each chooses to commit to it.

See Napoleon and Pitched battle

Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise

The Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise, also known as the Machine infernale plot, was an assassination attempt on the First Consul of France, Napoleon Bonaparte, in Paris on 24 December 1800. Napoleon and plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise are French Consulate.

See Napoleon and Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise

Poland Is Not Yet Lost

"Poland Is Not Yet Lost", also known as the "Dąbrowski Mazurka", and the "Song of the Polish Legions in Italy", is the national anthem of Poland.

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Pope Pius VII

Pope Pius VII (Pio VII; born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti; 14 August 1742 – 20 August 1823) was head of the Catholic Church from 14 March 1800 to his death in August 1823.

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Portoferraio

Portoferraio is a town and comune in the province of Livorno, on the edge of the eponymous harbour of the island of Elba.

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Pravdinsk

Pravdinsk (Пра́вдинск, prior to 1946 known by its German name, Friedland, Frydląd, Romuva), is a town and the administrative center of Pravdinsky District in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.

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Prince-primate

Prince-primate (German: Fürstprimas, Hungarian: hercegprímás) is a rare princely title held by individual (prince-) archbishops of specific sees in a presiding capacity in an august assembly of mainly secular princes, notably the following.

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Principality of Elba

The Principality of Elba (Principato d'Elba) was a non-hereditary monarchy established on the Mediterranean island of Elba following the Treaty of Fontainebleau on 11 April 1814.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Property law

Property law is the area of law that governs the various forms of ownership in real property (land) and personal property.

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Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine

Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine was the title held by Napoleon, Emperor of the French, in his function as leader of the Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813).

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Provinces of France

Under the Ancien Régime, the Kingdom of France was subdivided in multiple different ways (judicial, military, ecclesiastical, etc.) into several administrative units, until the National Constituent Assembly adopted a more uniform division into departments (départements) and districts in late 1789.

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Prussia

Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.

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Qajar dynasty

The Qajar dynasty (translit; 1789–1925) was an Iranian dynasty founded by Mohammad Khan of the Qoyunlu clan of the Turkoman Qajar tribe.

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Quran

The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).

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Quum memoranda

Quum memoranda (Latin, "on memorable...") was a papal brief issued by Pope Pius VII in 1809.

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Realism (art movement)

Realism was an artistic movement that emerged in France in the 1840s, around the 1848 Revolution.

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Regnal name

A regnal name, regnant name, or reign name is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and subsequently, historically.

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Republic of Genoa

The Republic of Genoa (Repúbrica de Zêna; Repubblica di Genova; Res Publica Ianuensis) was a medieval and early modern maritime republic from the years 1099 to 1797 in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast.

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Republic of Venice

The Republic of Venice, traditionally known as La Serenissima, was a sovereign state and maritime republic with its capital in Venice.

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Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland

The periods of Restoration and Regeneration in Swiss history lasted from 1814 to 1847.

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Revolt of Cairo

The Revolt of Cairo was a revolt that occurred on 21–22 October 1798 by the citizens of Cairo against the French occupation of Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte.

See Napoleon and Revolt of Cairo

Rochefort, Charente-Maritime

Rochefort (Ròchafòrt), unofficially Rochefort-sur-Mer (Ròchafòrt de Mar) for disambiguation, is a city and commune in Southwestern France, a port on the Charente estuary.

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Roger Ducos

Pierre Roger Ducos (25 July 174716 March 1816), better known as Roger Ducos, was a French political figure during the Revolution and First Empire, a member of the National Convention, and of the Directory. Napoleon and Roger Ducos are 18th-century heads of state of France and French Consulate.

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Romanticism

Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.

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Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone is a stele of granodiorite inscribed with three versions of a decree issued in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt, on behalf of King Ptolemy V Epiphanes.

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Route Napoléon

The Route Napoléon is the route taken by Napoleon I in 1815 on his return from Elba.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire was a vast empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until its dissolution in March 1917.

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Saale

The Saale, also known as the Saxon Saale (Sächsische Saale) and Thuringian Saale (Thüringische Saale), is a river in Germany and a left-bank tributary of the Elbe.

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Saint Helena

Saint Helena is one of the three constituent parts of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a remote British overseas territory.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow.

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Saint-Dizier

Saint-Dizier is a subprefecture of the Haute-Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Saint-Domingue

Saint-Domingue was a French colony in the western portion of the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in the area of modern-day Haiti, from 1697 to 1804.

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Saint-Domingue expedition

The Saint-Domingue expedition was a large French military invasion sent by Napoleon Bonaparte, then First Consul, under his brother-in-law Charles Victor Emmanuel Leclerc in an attempt to regain French control of the Caribbean colony of Saint-Domingue on the island of Hispaniola, and curtail the measures of independence and abolition of slaves taken by the former slave Toussaint Louverture.

See Napoleon and Saint-Domingue expedition

Sanhedrin

The Sanhedrin (Hebrew and Middle Aramaic סַנְהֶדְרִין, a loanword from synedrion, 'assembly,' 'sitting together,' hence 'assembly' or 'council') was a legislative and judicial assembly of either 23 or 71 elders, existing at both a local and central level in the ancient Land of Israel.

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Saorge

Saorge (Sauèrge; Savurgë; standard Savurgiu; Saorgio; Saorj) is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France.

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Sarcophagus

A sarcophagus (sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.

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Satellite state

A satellite state or dependent state is a country that is formally independent but under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control from another country.

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Savona

Savona (Sann-a) is a seaport and comune in the west part of the northern Italian region of Liguria, capital of the Province of Savona, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea.

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Sénat conservateur

The italics (from French: "Conservative Senate") was an advisory body established in France during the Consulate following the French Revolution. Napoleon and Sénat conservateur are French Consulate.

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Scorched earth

A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy of destroying everything that allows an enemy military force to be able to fight a war, including the deprivation and destruction of water, food, humans, animals, plants and any kind of tools and infrastructure.

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Second Battle of Bassano

The Second Battle of Bassano on 6 November 1796, saw a Habsburg army commanded by József Alvinczi fight Napoleon Bonaparte's French Army of Italy.

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Second Battle of Dego

The Second Battle of Dego was fought on 14 and 15 April 1796 during the French Revolutionary Wars between French forces and Austro-Sardinian forces.

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Second Battle of Saorgio

The Second Battle of Saorgio was fought from 24 to 28 April 1794 between a French First Republic army commanded by Pierre Jadart Dumerbion and the armies of the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont and the Habsburg monarchy led by Joseph Nikolaus De Vins.

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Second lieutenant

Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces.

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Self-propelled artillery

Self-propelled artillery (also called locomotive artillery) is artillery equipped with its own propulsion system to move toward its firing position.

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Selim III

Selim III (Selim-i sâlis; III.; 24 December 1761 – 28 July 1808) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807.

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Senlis

Senlis is a commune in the northern French department of Oise, Hauts-de-France.

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Sexual dysfunction

Sexual dysfunction is difficulty experienced by an individual or partners during any stage of normal sexual activity, including physical pleasure, desire, preference, arousal, or orgasm.

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Siege of Acre (1799)

The siege of Acre of 1799 was an unsuccessful French siege of the Ottoman city of Acre (now Akko in modern Israel) and was the turning point of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt and Syria, along with the Battle of the Nile.

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Siege of El Arish

The siege of El Arish was a successful siege by French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte against Ottoman forces under Mustafa Pasha.

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Siege of Jaffa

The siege of Jaffa was a military engagement between the French army under Napoleon Bonaparte and Ottoman forces under Ahmed al-Jazzar.

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Siege of Mantua (1796–1797)

During the siege of Mantua, which lasted from 4 June 1796 to 2 February 1797 with a short break, French forces under the overall command of Napoleon Bonaparte besieged and blockaded a large Austrian garrison at Mantua for many months until it surrendered.

See Napoleon and Siege of Mantua (1796–1797)

Siege of Toulon (1793)

The siege of Toulon (29 August – 19 December 1793) was a military engagement that took place during the Federalist revolts and the War of the First Coalition, part of the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Simón Bolívar

Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco (24July 178317December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire.

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Simon & Schuster

Simon & Schuster LLC is an American publishing company owned by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.

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Six Days' Campaign

The Six Days Campaign (10–15 February 1814) was a final series of victories by the forces of Napoleon I of France as the Sixth Coalition closed in on Paris.

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Slavkov u Brna

Slavkov u Brna (Austerlitz) is a town in Vyškov District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Somosierra

Somosierra is a municipality in the Community of Madrid, Spain, located at 83 km north of Madrid, in the mountain pass with the same name, at an elevation of 1433 metres above sea level, being the northernmost town of Community of Madrid.

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Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast

Sovetsk (Сове́тск; Tilsit; Old Prussian: Tilzi; Tilžė) is a town in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia, located on the south bank of the Neman River which forms the border with Lithuania.

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Spanish American wars of independence

The Spanish American wars of independence (Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) took place throughout Spanish America during the early 19th century, with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule.

See Napoleon and Spanish American wars of independence

Spanish Inquisition

The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Tribunal del Santo Oficio de la Inquisición), commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition (Inquisición española), was established in 1478 by the Catholic Monarchs, King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile.

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Spinetta Marengo

Spinetta Marengo (Marengh) is a town in Piedmont, Italy located within the municipal boundaries of the comune of Alessandria.

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Springer Science+Business Media

Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.

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State funeral

A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance.

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Statute Law Revision Act 1873

The Statute Law Revision Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. 91) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Stéphanie de Beauharnais

Stéphanie Louise Adrienne de Beauharnais (28 August 1789 – 29 January 1860) was a French princess and the Grand Duchess consort of Baden by marriage to Karl, Grand Duke of Baden. Napoleon and Stéphanie de Beauharnais are house of Bonaparte and people of the First French Empire.

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Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach.

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Swabia

Swabia; Schwaben, colloquially Schwabenland or Ländle; archaic English also Suabia or Svebia is a cultural, historic and linguistic region in southwestern Germany.

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Switzerland in the Napoleonic era

During the French Revolutionary Wars, the revolutionary armies marched eastward, enveloping Switzerland in their battles against Austria.

See Napoleon and Switzerland in the Napoleonic era

Tarutino, Russia

Tarutino (Тару́тино) is a rural locality (a selo) in Zhukovsky District of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Nara River from Maloyaroslavets.

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The Catholic University of America Press

The Catholic University of America Press, also known as CUA Press, is the publishing division of The Catholic University of America.

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The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries

The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries (Napoléon dans son cabinet de travail aux Tuileries) is an 1812 painting by Jacques-Louis David.

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The Journal of Modern History

The Journal of Modern History is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering European intellectual, political, and cultural history, published by the University of Chicago Press.

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The Memorial of Saint Helena

The Memorial of Saint Helena (Le Mémorial de Sainte-Hélène), written by Emmanuel de Las Cases, is a journal-memoir of the beginning of Napoleon Bonaparte's exile on Saint Helena.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily national newspaper based in London.

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Thermidorian Reaction

In the historiography of the French Revolution, the Thermidorian Reaction (Réaction thermidorienne or Convention thermidorienne, "Thermidorian Convention") is the common term for the period between the ousting of Maximilien Robespierre on 9 Thermidor II, or 27 July 1794, and the inauguration of the French Directory on 2 November 1795.

See Napoleon and Thermidorian Reaction

Third Partition of Poland

The Third Partition of Poland (1795) was the last in a series of the Partitions of Poland–Lithuania and the land of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth among Prussia, the Habsburg monarchy, and the Russian Empire which effectively ended Polish–Lithuanian national sovereignty until 1918.

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Tipu Sultan

Tipu Sultan (Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", was an Indian ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India.

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Topography

Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.

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Total war

Total war is a type of warfare that includes any and all (including civilian-associated) resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilises all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs.

See Napoleon and Total war

Toulon

Toulon (Tolon, Touloun) is a city on the French Riviera and a large port on the Mediterranean coast, with a major naval base.

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Toussaint Louverture

François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda (20 May 1743 – 7 April 1803), was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. Napoleon and Toussaint Louverture are French generals.

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Treaties of Tilsit

The Treaties of Tilsit, also collectively known as the Peace of Tilsit, were two peace treaties signed by French Emperor Napoleon in the town of Tilsit in July 1807 in the aftermath of his victory at Friedland, at the end of the War of the Fourth Coalition.

See Napoleon and Treaties of Tilsit

Treaty of Amiens

The Treaty of Amiens (la paix d'Amiens) temporarily ended hostilities between France, the Spanish Empire, and the United Kingdom at the end of the War of the Second Coalition. Napoleon and Treaty of Amiens are French Consulate.

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Treaty of Campo Formio

The Treaty of Campo Formio (today Campoformido) was signed on 17 October 1797 (26 Vendémiaire VI) by Napoleon Bonaparte and Count Philipp von Cobenzl as representatives of the French Republic and the Austrian monarchy, respectively.

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Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)

The Treaty of Fontainebleau was an agreement concluded in Fontainebleau, France, on 11 April 1814 between Napoleon and representatives of Austria, Russia and Prussia.

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Treaty of Lunéville

The Treaty of Lunéville (or Peace of Lunéville) was signed in the Treaty House of Lunéville on 9 February 1801. Napoleon and Treaty of Lunéville are French Consulate.

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Treaty of Schönbrunn

The Treaty of Schönbrunn (Traité de Schönbrunn; Friede von Schönbrunn), sometimes known as the Peace of Schönbrunn or the Treaty of Vienna, was signed between France and Austria at Schönbrunn Palace near Vienna on 14 October 1809.

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Treaty of Versailles (1768)

The Treaty of Versailles was a treaty concluded on 15 May 1768 at Versailles between the Republic of Genoa and France, in which Genoa ceded Corsica to France.

See Napoleon and Treaty of Versailles (1768)

Tribunat

The italics was one of the four assemblies set up in France by the Constitution of Year VIII (the other three were the Council of State, the italics and the italics). Napoleon and Tribunat are French Consulate.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria.

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Tuileries Palace

The Tuileries Palace (Palais des Tuileries) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the Seine, directly in front of the Louvre Palace.

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Tuscany

Italian: toscano | citizenship_it.

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Tyrant

A tyrant, in the modern English usage of the word, is an absolute ruler who is unrestrained by law, or one who has usurped a legitimate ruler's sovereignty.

See Napoleon and Tyrant

Ulm

Ulm is the sixth-largest city of the southwestern German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with around 129,000 inhabitants, it is Germany's 60th-largest city.

See Napoleon and Ulm

Ultramontanism

Ultramontanism is a clerical political conception within the Catholic Church that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the Pope.

See Napoleon and Ultramontanism

Unification of Germany

The unification of Germany was a process of building the first nation-state for Germans with federal features based on the concept of Lesser Germany (one without Habsburgs' multi-ethnic Austria or its German-speaking part).

See Napoleon and Unification of Germany

Unification of Italy

The unification of Italy (Unità d'Italia), also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th century political and social movement that in 1861 resulted in the consolidation of various states of the Italian Peninsula and its outlying isles into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy.

See Napoleon and Unification of Italy

Valence, Drôme

Valence (Valença) is a commune in southeastern France, the prefecture of the Drôme department and within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region.

See Napoleon and Valence, Drôme

Valley of the Tomb

The Valley of the Tomb (Vallée du Tombeau) is the site of Napoleon's tomb, on the British Overseas Territory of Saint Helena in the south Atlantic Ocean, where he was buried following his death in exile on 5 May 1821.

See Napoleon and Valley of the Tomb

Vendée

Vendée (Vande) is a department in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France, on the Atlantic coast.

See Napoleon and Vendée

Viceroy

A viceroy is an official who reigns over a polity in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory.

See Napoleon and Viceroy

Victor Emmanuel II

Victor Emmanuel II (Vittorio Emanuele II; full name: Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso di Savoia; 14 March 1820 – 9 January 1878) was King of Sardinia (also known as Piedmont-Sardinia) from 23 March 1849 until 17 March 1861, when he assumed the title of King of Italy and became the first king of an independent, united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878. Napoleon and Victor Emmanuel II are 19th-century kings of Italy, grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary and people excommunicated by the Catholic Church.

See Napoleon and Victor Emmanuel II

Vienna

Vienna (Wien; Austro-Bavarian) is the capital, most populous city, and one of nine federal states of Austria.

See Napoleon and Vienna

Vincent Cronin

Vincent Archibald Patrick Cronin FRSL (24 May 1924 – 25 January 2011) was a British historical, cultural, and biographical writer, best known for his biographies of Louis XIV, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, Catherine the Great and Napoleon, as well as for his books on the Renaissance.

See Napoleon and Vincent Cronin

Vitoria-Gasteiz

Vitoria-Gasteiz (also historically spelled Vittoria in English) is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Country and of the province of Álava in northern Spain.

See Napoleon and Vitoria-Gasteiz

Walcheren Campaign

The Walcheren Campaign was an unsuccessful British expedition to the Netherlands in 1809 intended to open another front in the Austrian Empire's struggle with France during the War of the Fifth Coalition.

See Napoleon and Walcheren Campaign

Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (lit,; Old Romanian: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рꙋмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of modern-day Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia was traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia).

See Napoleon and Wallachia

War in the Vendée

The War in the Vendée (Guerre de Vendée) was a counter-revolution from 1793 to 1796 in the Vendée region of France during the French Revolution. Napoleon and war in the Vendée are French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars.

See Napoleon and War in the Vendée

War of the Fifth Coalition

The War of the Fifth Coalition was a European conflict in 1809 that was part of the Napoleonic Wars and the Coalition Wars.

See Napoleon and War of the Fifth Coalition

War of the First Coalition

The War of the First Coalition (Guerre de la Première Coalition) was a set of wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797, initially against the constitutional Kingdom of France and then the French Republic that succeeded it.

See Napoleon and War of the First Coalition

War of the Fourth Coalition

The War of the Fourth Coalition (Guerre de la Quatrième Coalition) was a war spanning 1806–1807 that saw a multinational coalition fight against Napoleon's French Empire, subsequently being defeated.

See Napoleon and War of the Fourth Coalition

War of the Second Coalition

The War of the Second Coalition (Guerre de la Deuxième Coalition) (1798/9 – 1801/2, depending on periodisation) was the second war targeting revolutionary France by many European monarchies, led by Britain, Austria, and Russia and including the Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Naples and various German monarchies. Napoleon and war of the Second Coalition are French Consulate.

See Napoleon and War of the Second Coalition

War of the Sixth Coalition

In the War of the Sixth Coalition (Guerre de la Sixième Coalition) (March 1813 – May 1814), sometimes known in Germany as the Wars of Liberation (Befreiungskriege), a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden, Sardinia, and a number of German States defeated France and drove Napoleon into exile on Elba.

See Napoleon and War of the Sixth Coalition

War of the Third Coalition

The War of the Third Coalition (Guerre de la Troisième Coalition) was a European conflict lasting from 1805 to 1806 and was the first conflict of the Napoleonic Wars.

See Napoleon and War of the Third Coalition

Waterloo, Belgium

Waterloo (Waterlô) is a municipality in Wallonia, located in the province of Walloon Brabant, Belgium, which in 2011 had a population of 29,706 and an area of.

See Napoleon and Waterloo, Belgium

Weidenfeld & Nicolson

Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd (established 1949), often shortened to W&N or Weidenfeld, is a British publisher of fiction and reference books.

See Napoleon and Weidenfeld & Nicolson

Wilayah

A wilayah (walāya or wilāya, plural; Urdu and ولایت, velâyat; Pashto: ولایت, Valāyat; vilayet) is an administrative division, usually translated as "state", "province" or occasionally as "governorate".

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Wilhelm Reich

Wilhelm Reich (24 March 1897 – 3 November 1957) was an Austrian doctor of medicine and a psychoanalyst, a member of the second generation of analysts after Sigmund Freud.

See Napoleon and Wilhelm Reich

Znojmo

Znojmo (Znaim) is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.

See Napoleon and Znojmo

13 Vendémiaire

13 Vendémiaire, Year 4 in the French Republican Calendar (5 October 1795 in the Gregorian calendar), is the name given to a battle between the French Revolutionary troops and Royalist forces in the streets of Paris.

See Napoleon and 13 Vendémiaire

1802 French constitutional referendum

A referendum ratifying the new constitution of the Consulate, which made Napoleon Bonaparte First Consul for life, was held on 10 May 1802.

See Napoleon and 1802 French constitutional referendum

1st Artillery Regiment (France)

The 1st Artillery Regiment is a regiment of artillery in the French Army tracing its modern history to 1791 when the Régiment de La Fére was re-organised into the 1st Artillery Regiment after the French Revolution.

See Napoleon and 1st Artillery Regiment (France)

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon

Also known as Armed Soldier of Democracy, Boneparte, Custody of Napoleon Buonaparte Act 1816, Death of Napoleon, Emperor Bonaparte, Emperor Napoleon, Emperor Napoleon I, Emperor of France Napoleon I, Général Bonaparte, Intercourse with Saint Helena Act 1816, Jean d'Epee, Jupiter Scapin, Le grand Napoléon, Le petit caporal, Little Corporal, Napeoleon, Napolean, Napolean Bonapart, Napolean Bonaparte, Napolean bonarparte, Napoleaon, Napoleon Bonapart, Napoleón Bonaparte, Napoleon Boneparte, Napoléon Buonaparte, Napoleon Emperor of France, Napoléon I, Napoléon I Bonaparte, Napoléon I of France, Napoleon I of France bibliography, Napoleon I of Italy, Napoleon I of the French, Napoleon I of the French bibliography, Napoleon I the Great of the French bibliography, Napoléon I, Emperor of the French, Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 1769-1821, Napoléon Ier, Napoleon and religion, Napoleon bonepart, Napoleon of France, Napoleon the Great, Napoleon's, Napoleon's height, Napoleone Bonaparte, Napoleone Buonaparte, Napoleone di Buonaparte, Napoleonic, Napoleonist, Napolian, Napoloen, Nepolian, Rise of Napoleon.

, Battle of Corunna, Battle of Craonne, Battle of Czarnowo, Battle of Dresden, Battle of Eckmühl, Battle of Eylau, Battle of Fombio, Battle of Friedland, Battle of Hanau, Battle of Heilsberg, Battle of Hohenlinden, Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, Battle of La Rothière, Battle of Landshut (1809), Battle of Laon, Battle of Lützen (1813), Battle of Leipzig, Battle of Ligny, Battle of Lodi, Battle of Lonato, Battle of Maloyaroslavets, Battle of Marengo, Battle of Millesimo, Battle of Mondovì, Battle of Montenotte, Battle of Montereau, Battle of Montmirail, Battle of Mormant, Battle of Mount Tabor (1799), Battle of Ponte Novu, Battle of Quatre Bras, Battle of Ratisbon, Battle of Reims (1814), Battle of Rivoli, Battle of Rovereto, Battle of Saint-Dizier, Battle of Shubra Khit, Battle of Smolensk (1812), Battle of Somosierra, Battle of Tarvis (1797), Battle of Teugen-Hausen, Battle of the Nile, Battle of the Pyramids, Battle of Trafalgar, Battle of Ulm, Battle of Valvasone, Battle of Vauchamps, Battle of Vimeiro, Battle of Vitebsk (1812), Battle of Wagram, Battle of Waterloo, Battle of Znaim, BBC News, Beaucaire, Gard, Belle Époque, Berlin Decree, Bicorne, Bogeyman, Bonaparte Crossing the Alps, Bonapartism, Borodino (village), Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast, Boulogne-sur-Mer, Bourbon Restoration in France, Briars, Saint Helena, Brienne-le-Château, British West Indies, Bubonic plague, Cairo, Campaign in north-east France (1814), Campaigns of 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars, Carinthia (Slovenia), Carl von Clausewitz, Carlo Buonaparte, Carniola, Caroline Bonaparte, Catarrh, Catholic Church, Cádiz, Charlemagne, Charles IV of Spain, Charles Léon, Charles Leclerc (general, born 1772), Charles Louis de Marbeuf, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Charles XIV John, Charles-François Lebrun, Charles-Pierre Augereau, Château de Malmaison, Cisalpine Republic, Civil code, Civil marriage, Claude Ribbe, Clisson et Eugénie, Co-princes of Andorra, Concordat of 1801, Confederation of the Rhine, Congress of Erfurt, Congress of Vienna, Conseil d'État, Conspiration des poignards, Constantinople, Constitution of the Year VIII, Continental System, Convention of Cintra, Coronation of Napoleon, Corps, Corps législatif, Corsica, Cossacks, Council of Five Hundred, Coup of 18 Brumaire, Coup of 18 Fructidor, Daugava, Désirée Clary, Deism, Denis Davydov, Departments of France, Description de l'Égypte, Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, Dover Publications, Duchy of Oldenburg, Duchy of Warsaw, Egyptian pyramids, Eléonore Denuelle de La Plaigne, Elba, Elisa Bonaparte, Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, Emmanuel, comte de Las Cases, Emperor of the French, Enlightened absolutism, Enrico De Nicola, Equality before the law, Erich Fromm, Eugène de Beauharnais, Excommunication, Faber & Faber, Fall of Maximilien Robespierre, Fath-Ali Shah Qajar, Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, Ferdinand VII, Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim, Feudalism, First French Empire, Flag, François Carlo Antommarchi, France 24, Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros, Francesco Melzi d'Eril, Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, Frankfurt proposals, Frederick Lewis Maitland, Frederick William III of Prussia, French Academy of Sciences, French Army, French brig Inconstant (1811), French Consulate, French Directory, French expedition to Sardinia, French First Republic, French invasion of Egypt and Syria, French invasion of Malta, French invasion of Russia, French occupation of Moscow, French Republican calendar, French Revolution, French Revolutionary Wars, Fyodor Rostopchin, Galilee, Gaza City, Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Genoa, Geodesy, Georges Ernest Boulanger, German Confederation, German nationalism, Ghetto, Golfe-Juan, Grand Duchy of Finland, Grande Armée, Grapeshot, Grenoble, Guadeloupe, Guild, Habsburg monarchy, Haifa, Haiti, Haitian Revolution, Hand-in-waistcoat, HarperCollins, Helvetic Republic, Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland, Hepatitis, Hippolyte Taine, Hispanic America, Historical Dictionary of Switzerland, HMS Northumberland (1798), HMS Undaunted (1807), Holy Roman Empire, Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, Horses in warfare, Horses of Saint Mark, Hospitaller Malta, House of Bonaparte, House of Bourbon, House of Habsburg, Hudson Lowe, Hundred Days, Indian subcontinent, Inferiority complex, Inn (river), Insurrection of 10 August 1792, Ionian Islands, Iron Crown, Islam, Italian campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars, Italian Republic (Napoleonic), Jacobins, Jacques Antoine Hippolyte, Comte de Guibert, Jacques-Louis David, Jaffa, Jérôme Bonaparte, Jean Victor Marie Moreau, Jean-Baptiste Kléber, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès, Jena, Joachim Murat, John Lynch (historian), José de San Martín, Joséphine de Beauharnais, Joseph Bonaparte, Joseph Farington, Joseph Fouché, Julie Clary, Karl Mack von Leiberich, Karl Theodor Anton Maria von Dalberg, King of Italy, King of the Romans, Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic), Kingdom of Mysore, Kingdom of Portugal, Kingdom of Westphalia, Kleinstaaterei, Knights Hospitaller, Last rites, Le souper de Beaucaire, Legacy of Napoleon, Legion of Honour, Leipzig, Leoben, Les Invalides, Letizia Bonaparte, Ligurian Republic, List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1816, List of French monarchs, List of German monarchs, Lithuania, Lobau, Lombardy, Longwood House, Longwood, Saint Helena, Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien, Louis Bonaparte, Louis Desaix, Louis Philippe I, Louis Visconti, Louis XVI, Louis XVIII, Louisiana Purchase, Louvre, Low Countries, Lucien Bonaparte, Macmillan Publishers, Mahomet (play), Maison Bonaparte, Malet coup of 1812, Malta, Malta (island), Mamluk, Manorialism, Marie de' Medici, Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma, Marie Walewska, Mass media, Maurice Orange, Maximilien Robespierre, Mesures usuelles, Metric system, Michael von Melas, Michel Ney, Milan Cathedral, Military career of Napoleon, Military organization, Misogyny, Moldavia, Monarchy of Spain, Montenotte campaign, Muhammad, Napoleon and the Jews, Napoleon complex, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, Napoleon II, Napoleon III, Napoleon's penis, Napoleon's theorem, Napoleon's tomb, Napoleonic Code, Napoleonic looting of art, Napoleonic tactics, Napoleonic Wars, Narcissistic personality disorder, Nation state, National Convention, National Post, Neman, Notre-Dame de Paris, Old Guard (France), Omen, Organic Articles, Orient, Ormea, Ottoman Egypt, Ottoman Empire, Outlaw, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Palace of Fontainebleau, Papal States, Pasquale Paoli, Paul Barras, Paul Delaroche, Pauline Bonaparte, PBS, Peace of Leoben, Peninsular War, Piedmont, Pierre-Charles Villeneuve, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Pieter Geyl, Pitched battle, Plot of the rue Saint-Nicaise, Poland Is Not Yet Lost, Pope Pius VII, Portoferraio, Pravdinsk, Prince-primate, Principality of Elba, Prisoner of war, Property law, Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Provinces of France, Prussia, Qajar dynasty, Quran, Quum memoranda, Realism (art movement), Regnal name, Republic of Genoa, Republic of Venice, Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland, Revolt of Cairo, Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, Roger Ducos, Romanticism, Rosetta Stone, Route Napoléon, Royal Navy, Russian Empire, Saale, Saint Helena, Saint Petersburg, Saint-Dizier, Saint-Domingue, Saint-Domingue expedition, Sanhedrin, Saorge, Sarcophagus, Satellite state, Savona, Sénat conservateur, Scorched earth, Second Battle of Bassano, Second Battle of Dego, Second Battle of Saorgio, Second lieutenant, Self-propelled artillery, Selim III, Senlis, Sexual dysfunction, Siege of Acre (1799), Siege of El Arish, Siege of Jaffa, Siege of Mantua (1796–1797), Siege of Toulon (1793), Simón Bolívar, Simon & Schuster, Six Days' Campaign, Slavkov u Brna, Somosierra, Sovetsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Spanish American wars of independence, Spanish Inquisition, Spinetta Marengo, Springer Science+Business Media, State funeral, Statute Law Revision Act 1873, Stéphanie de Beauharnais, Stomach cancer, Swabia, Switzerland in the Napoleonic era, Tarutino, Russia, The Catholic University of America Press, The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries, The Journal of Modern History, The Memorial of Saint Helena, The Times, Thermidorian Reaction, Third Partition of Poland, Tipu Sultan, Topography, Total war, Toulon, Toussaint Louverture, Treaties of Tilsit, Treaty of Amiens, Treaty of Campo Formio, Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814), Treaty of Lunéville, Treaty of Schönbrunn, Treaty of Versailles (1768), Tribunat, Tuberculosis, Tuileries Palace, Tuscany, Tyrant, Ulm, Ultramontanism, Unification of Germany, Unification of Italy, Valence, Drôme, Valley of the Tomb, Vendée, Viceroy, Victor Emmanuel II, Vienna, Vincent Cronin, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Walcheren Campaign, Wallachia, War in the Vendée, War of the Fifth Coalition, War of the First Coalition, War of the Fourth Coalition, War of the Second Coalition, War of the Sixth Coalition, War of the Third Coalition, Waterloo, Belgium, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Wilayah, Wilhelm Reich, Znojmo, 13 Vendémiaire, 1802 French constitutional referendum, 1st Artillery Regiment (France).

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