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Naval history of World War II

Index Naval history of World War II

At the beginning of World War II, the Royal Navy was the strongest navy in the world, with the largest number of warships built and with naval bases across the globe. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 214 relations: Air warfare of World War II, Aircraft carrier, Albert Nofi, Alfred Jodl, Alfred Thayer Mahan, American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, Anti-aircraft warfare, Attack on Mers-el-Kébir, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Bali, Baltic Sea campaigns (1939–1945), Battle of Cape Esperance, Battle of Crete, Battle of Leyte Gulf, Battle of Midway, Battle of Okinawa, Battle of Rennell Island, Battle of Savo Island, Battle of Stalingrad, Battle of Taranto, Battle of Tassafaronga, Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of the Caucasus, Battle of the Coral Sea, Battle of the Eastern Solomons, Battle of the Java Sea, Battle of the Mediterranean, Battle of the Philippine Sea, Battle of the River Plate, Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, Battle of the Scheldt, Battleship, Bistrița-class cruiser, Black Sea campaigns (1941–1944), Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), Bougainville campaign, Brazilian Navy, British Pacific Fleet, Bulgarian Navy, Bushido, Cape Matapan, Caribbean Sea, CB-class midget submarine, Chester W. Nimitz, Chilean Navy, Chuuk State, Coastal artillery, Coastal Forces of the Royal Navy, Commander-in-Chief, Africa (Royal Navy), ... Expand index (164 more) »

Air warfare of World War II

Air warfare was a major component in all theaters of World War II and, together with anti-aircraft warfare, consumed a large fraction of the industrial output of the major powers.

See Naval history of World War II and Air warfare of World War II

Aircraft carrier

An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.

See Naval history of World War II and Aircraft carrier

Albert Nofi

Albert A. Nofi (born January 6, 1944), is an American military historian, defense analyst, and designer of board and computer wargaming systems.

See Naval history of World War II and Albert Nofi

Alfred Jodl

Alfred Josef Ferdinand Jodl (10 May 1890 – 16 October 1946) was a German Generaloberst who served as the Chief of the Operations Staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht – the German Armed Forces High Command – throughout World War II.

See Naval history of World War II and Alfred Jodl

Alfred Thayer Mahan

Alfred Thayer Mahan (September 27, 1840 – December 1, 1914) was a United States naval officer and historian, whom John Keegan called "the most important American strategist of the nineteenth century." His book The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660–1783 (1890) won immediate recognition, especially in Europe, and with its successor, The Influence of Sea Power Upon the French Revolution and Empire, 1793–1812 (1892), made him world-famous.

See Naval history of World War II and Alfred Thayer Mahan

American-British-Dutch-Australian Command

The American-British-Dutch-Australian (ABDA) Command, or ABDACOM, was the short-lived supreme command for all Allied forces in South East Asia in early 1942, during the Pacific War in World War II.

See Naval history of World War II and American-British-Dutch-Australian Command

Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope

Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Browne Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope, (7 January 1883 – 12 June 1963) was a British officer of the Royal Navy during the Second World War.

See Naval history of World War II and Andrew Cunningham, 1st Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope

Anti-aircraft warfare

Anti-aircraft warfare is the counter to aerial warfare and it includes "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action" (NATO's definition).

See Naval history of World War II and Anti-aircraft warfare

Attack on Mers-el-Kébir

The attack on Mers-el-Kébir (Battle of Mers-el-Kébir) on 3 July 1940, during the Second World War, was a British naval attack on neutral French Navy ships at the naval base at Mers El Kébir, near Oran, on the coast of French Algeria.

See Naval history of World War II and Attack on Mers-el-Kébir

Attack on Pearl Harbor

The attack on Pearl HarborAlso known as the Battle of Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Hawaii, in the United States, just before 8:00a.m. (local time) on Sunday, December 7, 1941.

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Bali

Bali (English:; ᬩᬮᬶ) is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands.

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Baltic Sea campaigns (1939–1945)

The Baltic Sea campaigns were conducted by Axis and Allied naval forces in the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Bothnia, the Gulf of Finland and the connected lakes Ladoga and Onega on the Eastern Front of World War II.

See Naval history of World War II and Baltic Sea campaigns (1939–1945)

Battle of Cape Esperance

The Battle of Cape Esperance, also known as the Second Battle of Savo Island and in Japanese sources as the, took place on 11–12 October 1942, in the Pacific campaign of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and United States Navy.

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Battle of Crete

The Battle of Crete (Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta, Μάχη της Κρήτης), codenamed Operation Mercury (Unternehmen Merkur), was a major Axis airborne and amphibious operation during World War II to capture the island of Crete.

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Battle of Leyte Gulf

The Battle of Leyte Gulf (Filipino: Labanan sa Golpo ng Leyte) was the largest naval battle of World War II and by some criteria the largest naval battle in history, with over 200,000 naval personnel involved.

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Battle of Midway

The Battle of Midway was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II that took place 4–7 June 1942, six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea.

See Naval history of World War II and Battle of Midway

Battle of Okinawa

The, codenamed Operation Iceberg, was a major battle of the Pacific War fought on the island of Okinawa by United States Army and United States Marine Corps forces against the Imperial Japanese Army.

See Naval history of World War II and Battle of Okinawa

Battle of Rennell Island

The took place on 29–30 January 1943.

See Naval history of World War II and Battle of Rennell Island

Battle of Savo Island

The Battle of Savo Island, also known as the First Battle of Savo Island and in Japanese sources as the, and colloquially among Allied Guadalcanal veterans as the Battle of the Five Sitting Ducks, was a naval battle of the Solomon Islands campaign of the Pacific War of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and Allied naval forces.

See Naval history of World War II and Battle of Savo Island

Battle of Stalingrad

The Battle of StalingradSchlacht von Stalingrad see; p (17 July 19422 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II, beginning when Nazi Germany and its Axis allies attacked and became locked in a protracted struggle with the Soviet Union for control over the Soviet city of Stalingrad in southern Russia.

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Battle of Taranto

The Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11/12 November 1940 during the Second World War between British naval forces, under Admiral Andrew Cunningham, and Italian naval forces, under Admiral Inigo Campioni.

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Battle of Tassafaronga

The Battle of Tassafaronga, sometimes referred to as the Fourth Battle of Savo Island or in Japanese sources as the, was a nighttime naval battle that took place on 30 November 1942 between United States Navy and Imperial Japanese Navy warships during the Guadalcanal campaign.

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Battle of the Atlantic

The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II.

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Battle of the Caucasus

The Battle of the Caucasus was a series of Axis and Soviet operations in the Caucasus as part of the Eastern Front of World War II.

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Battle of the Coral Sea

The Battle of the Coral Sea, from 4 to 8 May 1942, was a major naval battle between the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and naval and air forces of the United States and Australia.

See Naval history of World War II and Battle of the Coral Sea

Battle of the Eastern Solomons

The naval Battle of the Eastern Solomons (also known as the Battle of the Stewart Islands and in Japanese sources as the Second Battle of the Solomon Sea) took place on 24–25 August 1942 and was the third carrier battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II and the second major engagement fought between the United States Navy and the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the Guadalcanal campaign.

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Battle of the Java Sea

The Battle of the Java Sea (Pertempuran Laut Jawa, Surabaya open-sea battle) was a decisive naval battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II.

See Naval history of World War II and Battle of the Java Sea

Battle of the Mediterranean

The Battle of the Mediterranean was the name given to the naval campaign fought in the Mediterranean Sea during World War II, from 10 June 1940 to 2 May 1945.

See Naval history of World War II and Battle of the Mediterranean

Battle of the Philippine Sea

The Battle of the Philippine Sea was a major naval battle of World War II on 19–20 June 1944 that eliminated the Imperial Japanese Navy's ability to conduct large-scale carrier actions.

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Battle of the River Plate

The Battle of the River Plate was fought in the South Atlantic on 13 December 1939 as the first naval battle of the Second World War.

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Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands

The Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands, fought during 25–27 October 1942, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Santa Cruz or Third Battle of Solomon Sea, in Japan as the Battle of the South Pacific (Minamitaiheiyō kaisen), was the fourth aircraft carrier battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II.

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Battle of the Scheldt

The Battle of the Scheldt in World War II was a series of military operations to open up the Scheldt river between Antwerp and the North Sea for shipping, so that Antwerp's port could be used to supply the Allies in north-west Europe.

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Battleship

A battleship is a large, heavily armored warship with a main battery consisting of large-caliber guns, designed to serve as capital ships with the most intense firepower.

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Bistrița-class cruiser

The Bistrița class was a group of three small coastguard cruisers of the Romanian Navy.

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Black Sea campaigns (1941–1944)

The Black Sea Campaigns were the operations of the Axis and Soviet naval forces in the Black Sea and its coastal regions during World War II between 1941 and 1944, including in support of the land forces.

See Naval history of World War II and Black Sea campaigns (1941–1944)

Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)

The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, involved operations carried out during World War II by the British Empire and by France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, fuel, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany – and later by Fascist Italy – in order to sustain their war efforts.

See Naval history of World War II and Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)

Bougainville campaign

The Bougainville campaign was a series of land and naval battles of the Pacific campaign of World War II between Allied forces and the Empire of Japan, named after the island of Bougainville.

See Naval history of World War II and Bougainville campaign

Brazilian Navy

The Brazilian Navy (Navy of Brazil) is the naval service branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces, responsible for conducting naval operations. The navy was involved in Brazil's war of independence from Portugal. Most of Portugal's naval forces and bases in South America were transferred to the newly independent country.

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British Pacific Fleet

The British Pacific Fleet (BPF) was a Royal Navy formation that saw action against Japan during the Second World War.

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Bulgarian Navy

The Bulgarian Navy (lit) is the navy of the Republic of Bulgaria and forms part of the Bulgarian Armed Forces.

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Bushido

is a moral code concerning samurai attitudes, behavior and lifestyle, formalized in the Edo period (1603–1868).

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Cape Matapan

Cape Matapan (Κάβο Ματαπάς, Maniot dialect: Ματαπά), also called Cape Tainaron or Taenarum (Ακρωτήριον Ταίναρον), or Cape Tenaro, is situated at the end of the Mani Peninsula, Greece.

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Caribbean Sea

The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.

See Naval history of World War II and Caribbean Sea

CB-class midget submarine

The CB class was a group of midget submarines built for the Italian Navy during World War II.

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Chester W. Nimitz

Chester William Nimitz (February 24, 1885 – February 20, 1966) was a fleet admiral in the United States Navy.

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Chilean Navy

The Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile) is the naval warfare service branch of the Chilean Armed Forces.

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Chuuk State

Chuuk State (also known as Truk) is one of the four states of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM).

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Coastal artillery

Coastal artillery is the branch of the armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications.

See Naval history of World War II and Coastal artillery

Coastal Forces of the Royal Navy

Coastal Forces was a division of the Royal Navy initially established during World War I, and then again in World War II under the command of Rear-Admiral, Coastal Forces.

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Commander-in-Chief, Africa (Royal Navy)

The Commander-in-Chief, Africa was the last title of a Royal Navy's formation commander located in South Africa from 1795 to 1939.

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Commander-in-Chief, China (Royal Navy)

The Commander-in-Chief, China, was the admiral in command of what was usually known as the China Station, at once both a British Royal Navy naval formation and its admiral in command.

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Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France)

The French Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean, also known as CECMED (French for Commandant en chef pour la Méditerranée) is a French Armed Forces regional commander.

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Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic

The Commander-in-Chief South Atlantic was an operational commander of the Royal Navy from 1939.

See Naval history of World War II and Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic

Commerce raiding

Commerce raiding is a form of naval warfare used to destroy or disrupt logistics of the enemy on the open sea by attacking its merchant shipping, rather than engaging its combatants or enforcing a blockade against them.

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Conrad Helfrich

Lieutenant Admiral Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich (11 October 1886 – 20 September 1962) of the Royal Netherlands Navy was a leading Dutch naval figure of World War II.

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Convoy PQ 17

Convoy PQ 17 was the code name for an Allied Arctic convoy during the Second World War.

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Cruiser

A cruiser is a type of warship.

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Destroyer

In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy, or carrier battle group and defend them against a wide range of general threats.

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Destroyers-for-bases deal

The destroyers-for-bases deal was an agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom on September 2, 1940, according to which 50,, and -class US Navy destroyers were transferred to the Royal Navy from the US Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions.

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Dudley North (Royal Navy officer)

Admiral Sir Dudley Burton Napier North, (25 November 1881 – 15 May 1961) was a Royal Navy officer who served during First and Second World Wars.

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Dudley Pound

Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alfred Dudley Pickman Rogers Pound, (29 August 1877 – 21 October 1943) was a British senior officer of the Royal Navy.

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Dunkirk evacuation

The Dunkirk evacuation, codenamed Operation Dynamo and also known as the Miracle of Dunkirk, or just Dunkirk, was the evacuation of more than 338,000 Allied soldiers during the Second World War from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, in the north of France, between 26 May and 4 June 1940.

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Dutch East Indies

The Dutch East Indies, also known as the Netherlands East Indies (Nederlands(ch)-Indië) and Dutch Indonesia, was a Dutch colony with territory mostly comprising the modern state of Indonesia, which declared independence on 17 August 1945.

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Dutch East Indies campaign

The Dutch East Indies campaign of 1941–1942 was the conquest of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) by forces of the Empire of Japan in the early days of the Pacific campaign of World War II.

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East Indies Fleet

The Eastern Fleet, later called the East Indies Fleet, was a fleet of the Royal Navy which existed between 1941 and 1952.

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East Indies Station

The East Indies Station was a formation and command of the British Royal Navy.

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English Channel

The English Channel, also known as the Channel, is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates Southern England from northern France.

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Ernest J. King

Ernest Joseph King (23 November 1878 – 25 June 1956) was a fleet admiral in the United States Navy who served as Commander in Chief, United States Fleet (COMINCH) and Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) during World War II.

See Naval history of World War II and Ernest J. King

Escort carrier

The escort carrier or escort aircraft carrier (U.S. hull classification symbol CVE), also called a "jeep carrier" or "baby flattop" in the United States Navy (USN) or "Woolworth Carrier" by the Royal Navy, was a small and slower type of aircraft carrier used by the Royal Navy, the Royal Canadian Navy, the United States Navy, the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army Air Force in World War II.

See Naval history of World War II and Escort carrier

Etorofu-class escort ship

The were a group of fourteen kaibōkan escort vessels built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

See Naval history of World War II and Etorofu-class escort ship

Europe first

Europe first, also known as Germany first, was the key element of the grand strategy agreed upon by the United States and the United Kingdom during World War II after the United States joined the war in December 1941.

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Far East

The Far East is the geographical region that encompasses the easternmost portion of the Asian continent, including East, North, and Southeast Asia.

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Faroe Islands

The Faroe or Faeroe Islands, or simply the Faroes (Føroyar,; Færøerne), are an archipelago in the North Atlantic Ocean and an autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark.

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Finnish Navy

The Finnish Navy (Merivoimat, Marinen) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces.

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First Happy Time

The early phase of the Battle of the Atlantic during which German Navy U-boats enjoyed significant success against the British Royal Navy and its Allies was referred to by U-boat crews as "the Happy Time" ("Die Glückliche Zeit"), and later the First Happy Time, after a second successful period was encountered.

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First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff

The First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff (1SL/CNS) is a statutory position in the British Armed Forces usually held by an admiral.

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Free French Naval Forces

The Free French Naval Forces (Forces Navales Françaises Libres, or FNFL) were the naval arm of the Free French Forces during the Second World War.

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Frigate

A frigate is a type of warship.

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George C. Marshall

George Catlett Marshall Jr. (31 December 1880 – 16 October 1959) was an American army officer and statesman.

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George H. W. Bush

George Herbert Walker BushAfter the 1990s, he became more commonly known as George H. W. Bush, "Bush Senior," "Bush 41," and even "Bush the Elder" to distinguish him from his eldest son, George W. Bush, who served as the 43rd U.S. president from 2001 to 2009; previously, he was usually referred to simply as George Bush.

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German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin

The German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin was the lead ship in a class of two carriers of the same name ordered by the Kriegsmarine of Nazi Germany.

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German battleship Bismarck

Bismarck was the first of two s built for Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine.

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Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign

The Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign were a series of battles fought from August 1942 through February 1944, in the Pacific theatre of World War II between the United States and Japan.

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Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carrier

The Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carriers were four German Kriegsmarine aircraft carriers planned in the mid-1930s by Grand Admiral Erich Raeder as part of the Plan Z rearmament program after Germany and Great Britain signed the Anglo-German Naval Agreement.

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Guam

Guam (Guåhan) is an organized, unincorporated territory of the United States in the Micronesia subregion of the western Pacific Ocean.

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Heavy cruiser

A heavy cruiser was a type of cruiser, a naval warship designed for long range and high speed, armed generally with naval guns of roughly 203 mm (8 inches) in calibre, whose design parameters were dictated by the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

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Hellenic Navy

The Hellenic Navy (HN; War Navy, abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece, part of the Hellenic Armed Forces.

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History of the United States Navy

The history of the United States Navy divides into two major periods: the "Old Navy", a small but respected force of sailing ships that became notable for innovation in the use of ironclads during the American Civil War, and the "New Navy" the result of a modernization effort that began in the 1880s and made it the largest in the world by 1943.

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History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II is a 15-volume account of the United States Navy in World War II, written by Samuel Eliot Morison and published by Little, Brown and Company between 1947 and 1962.

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HMS Hood

HMS Hood (pennant number 51) was a battlecruiser of the Royal Navy (RN).

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HMS Prince of Wales (53)

HMS Prince of Wales was a of the Royal Navy that was built at the Cammell Laird shipyard in Birkenhead.

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HMS Repulse (1916)

HMS Repulse was one of two s built for the Royal Navy during the First World War.

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Home Fleet

The Home Fleet was a fleet of the Royal Navy that operated from the United Kingdom's territorial waters from 1902 with intervals until 1967.

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Imperial Japanese Navy

The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國海軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国海軍 'Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire', or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun, 'Japanese Navy') was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's surrender in World War II.

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Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

The (IJNAS) was the air arm of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN).

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Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II

During World War II, at the beginning of the Pacific War in December 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was the third most powerful navy in the world, and the naval air service was one of the most potent air forces in the world.

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Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II.

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Irish Sea

The Irish Sea is a body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.

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Japanese cruiser Haguro

Haguro (羽黒) was a heavy cruiser of the Imperial Japanese Navy, named after Mount Haguro in Yamagata Prefecture.

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John Keegan

Sir John Desmond Patrick Keegan (15 May 1934 – 2 August 2012) was an English military historian, lecturer, author and journalist.

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John Toland (historian)

John Willard Toland (June 29, 1912 – January 4, 2004) was an American writer and historian.

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Kamikaze

, officially, were a part of the Japanese Special Attack Units of military aviators who flew suicide attacks for the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, intending to destroy warships more effectively than with conventional air attacks.

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Karel Doorman

Karel Willem Frederik Marie Doorman (23 April 1889 – 28 February 1942) was a Dutch naval officer who during World War II commanded remnants of the short-lived American-British-Dutch-Australian Command naval strike forces in the Battle of the Java Sea.

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Kriegsmarine

The Kriegsmarine was the navy of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Kronstadt

Kronstadt (Kronshtadt) is a Russian port city in Kronshtadtsky District of the federal city of Saint Petersburg, located on Kotlin Island, west of Saint Petersburg, near the head of the Gulf of Finland.

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Landing Ship, Tank

Landing Ship, Tank (LST), or tank landing ship, is the naval designation for ships first developed during World War II (1939–1945) to support amphibious operations by carrying tanks, vehicles, cargo, and landing troops directly onto a low slope beach with no docks or piers.

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League of Nations

The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

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Leapfrogging (strategy)

Leapfrogging, also known as island hopping, was an amphibious military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against the Empire of Japan during World War II.

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Lend-Lease

Lend-Lease, formally the Lend-Lease Act and introduced as An Act to Promote the Defense of the United States, in Milestone Documents, National Archives of the United States, Washington, D.C., retrieved February 8, 2024; (notes: "Passed on March 11, 1941, this act set up a system that would allow the United States to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed 'vital to the defense of the United States.'"; contains photo of the original bill, H.R.

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Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the Wehrmacht before and during World War II.

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Malta

Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea.

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Mariana and Palau Islands campaign

The Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, also known as Campaign Plan Granite II, was an offensive launched by United States forces against Imperial Japanese forces in the Pacific Ocean between June and November 1944 during the Pacific War.

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Mediterranean Fleet

The British Mediterranean Fleet, also known as the Mediterranean Station, was a formation of the Royal Navy.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.

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Merchant aircraft carrier

A merchant aircraft carrier (also known as a MAC ship, the Admiralty's official 'short name') was a limited-purpose aircraft carrier operated under British and Dutch civilian registry during World War II.

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Merchant raider

Merchant raiders are armed commerce raiding ships that disguise themselves as non-combatant merchant vessels.

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Midway Atoll

Midway Atoll (colloquial: Midway Islands; translation; label) is a atoll in the North Pacific Ocean.

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Mikura-class escort ship

The were a class of eight kaibōkan escort vessels built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

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Minister of Economic Warfare

The Minister of Economic Warfare was a British government position which existed during the Second World War.

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Mitsubishi A6M Zero

The Mitsubishi A6M "Zero" is a long-range carrier-based fighter aircraft formerly manufactured by Mitsubishi Aircraft Company, a part of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.

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Monitor (warship)

A monitor is a relatively small warship that is neither fast nor strongly armored but carries disproportionately large guns.

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Mulberry harbours

The Mulberry harbours were two temporary portable harbours developed by the British Admiralty and War Office during the Second World War to facilitate the rapid offloading of cargo onto beaches during the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944.

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The Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, sometimes referred to as the Third and Fourth Battles of Savo Island, the Battle of the Solomons, The Battle of Friday the 13th, The Night of the Big Guns, or, in Japanese sources, the, took place from 12 to 15 November 1942 and was the decisive engagement in a series of naval battles between Allied (primarily American) and Imperial Japanese forces during the months-long Guadalcanal campaign in the Solomon Islands during World War II.

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Naval warfare is combat in and on the sea, the ocean, or any other battlespace involving a major body of water such as a large lake or wide river.

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Naval warfare in World War I was mainly characterised by blockade.

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Neville Chamberlain

Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 18699 November 1940) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940 and Leader of the Conservative Party from May 1937 to October 1940.

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New Georgia campaign

The New Georgia campaign was a series of land and naval battles of the Pacific Theater of World War II between Allied forces and the Empire of Japan.

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New Guinea campaign

The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945.

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NMS Amiral Murgescu

NMS Amiral Murgescu was a minelayer and convoy escort of the Romanian Navy, the first sea-going warship built in Romania and the largest Romanian-built warship of World War II.

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NMS Delfinul

NMS Delfinul (The Dolphin) was a Romanian submarine that served in the Black Sea during the Second World War.

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NMS Marsuinul

NMS Marsuinul (The Porpoise) was a submarine of the Romanian Navy, one of the few warships built in Romania during the Second World War.

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NMS Mihail Kogălniceanu

NMS Mihail Kogălniceanu was a of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Năluca

NMS Năluca was a torpedo boat of the Royal Romanian Navy.

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NMS Sborul

NMS Sborul was a torpedo boat of the Royal Romanian Navy.

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NMS Smeul

NMS Smeul was a torpedo boat of the Royal Romanian Navy.

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NMS Sublocotenent Ghiculescu

NMS Sublocotenent Ghiculescu was a specialized ASW gunboat of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Vedenia

NMS Vedenia was a Second World War motor torpedo boat of the Romanian Navy.

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NMS Viscolul

NMS Viscolul was the most successful and the longest-serving motor torpedo boat of the Romanian Navy during the Second World War.

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Normandy landings

The Normandy landings were the landing operations and associated airborne operations on 6 June 1944 of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during the Second World War.

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North Africa

North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.

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North America and West Indies Station

The North America and West Indies Station was a formation or command of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy stationed in North American waters from 1745 to 1956, with main bases at the Imperial fortresses of Bermuda and Halifax, Nova Scotia.

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North Sea

The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.

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Norwegian campaign

The Norwegian campaign (8 April 10 June 1940) involved the attempt by Allied forces to defend northern Norway coupled with the resistance of the Norwegian military to the country's invasion by Nazi Germany in World War II.

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Novorossiysk

Novorossiysk (Новоросси́йск) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion.

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Operation Downfall

Operation Downfall was the proposed Allied plan for the invasion of the Japanese home islands near the end of World War II.

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Operation Overlord

Operation Overlord was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful liberation of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II.

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Operation Pedestal

Operation Pedestal (Battaglia di Mezzo Agosto, Battle of mid-August), known in Malta as Il-Konvoj ta' Santa Marija, was a British operation to carry supplies to the island of Malta in August 1942, during the Second World War.

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Operation Sea Lion

Operation Sea Lion, also written as Operation Sealion (Unternehmen Seelöwe), was Nazi Germany's code name for their planned invasion of the United Kingdom.

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Operation Torch

Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942) was an Allied invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War.

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Operation Weserübung

Operation Weserübung (Unternehmen Weserübung,, 9 April – 10 June 1940) was the invasion of Denmark and Norway by Nazi Germany during the Second World War and the opening operation of the Norwegian Campaign.

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Pacific War

The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theater, was the theater of World War II that was fought in eastern Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and Oceania.

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Paul Reynaud

Paul Reynaud (15 October 1878 – 21 September 1966) was a French politician and lawyer prominent in the interwar period, noted for his stances on economic liberalism and militant opposition to Nazi Germany.

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Peter Padfield

Peter L. N. Padfield (3 April 1932 – 14 March 2022) was a British author, biographer, historian, and journalist who specialised in naval history and in the Second World War period.

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Phoney War

The Phoney War (Drôle de guerre; Sitzkrieg) was an eight-month period at the start of World War II during which there was only one limited military land operation on the Western Front, when French troops invaded Germany's Saar district.

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Plan Dog memo

The Plan Dog memorandum was a 1940 American government document written by Chief of Naval Operations Harold Stark.

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Polish Navy

The Polish Navy (War Navy; often abbreviated to Marynarka) is the naval branch of the Polish Armed Forces.

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Proximity fuze

A proximity fuze (also VT fuze) is a fuze that detonates an explosive device automatically when it approaches within a certain distance of its target.

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Public Works Administration

The Public Works Administration (PWA), part of the New Deal of 1933, was a large-scale public works construction agency in the United States headed by Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes.

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Rabaul

Rabaul is a township in the East New Britain province of Papua New Guinea, on the island of New Britain.

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Radar

Radar is a system that uses radio waves to determine the distance (ranging), direction (azimuth and elevation angles), and radial velocity of objects relative to the site.

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Raymond A. Spruance

Raymond Ames Spruance (July 3, 1886 – December 13, 1969) was a United States Navy admiral during World War II.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Regele Ferdinand-class destroyer

The Regele Ferdinand class was a pair of destroyers built in Italy for the Romanian Navy during the late 1920s.

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Regia Marina

The paren) (RM) or Royal Italian Navy was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946. In 1946, with the birth of the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), the Regia Marina changed its name to Marina Militare ("Military Navy").

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Romanian Naval Forces

The Romanian Naval Forces (Forțele Navale Române) is the principal naval branch of the Romanian Armed Forces and operates in the Black Sea and on the Danube.

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Romanian Navy during World War II

The Romanian Navy during World War II was the main Axis naval force in the Black Sea campaigns and fought against the Soviet Union's Black Sea Fleet from 1941 to 1944.

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Ronald H. Spector

Ronald Harvey Spector (born January 17, 1943) is an American military historian.

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Royal Australian Navy

The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) is the naval force of the Australian Defence Force (ADF).

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Royal Canadian Navy

The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN; Marine royale canadienne, MRC) is the naval force of Canada.

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Royal Indian Navy

The Royal Indian Navy (RIN) was the naval force of British India and the Dominion of India.

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Royal Naval Patrol Service

The Royal Naval Patrol Service (RNPS) was a branch of the Royal Navy active during both the First and Second World Wars.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Royal Netherlands Navy

The Royal Netherlands Navy (Koninklijke Marine) is the maritime service branch of the Netherlands Armed Forces.

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Royal New Zealand Navy

The Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN; Sea Warriors of New Zealand) is the maritime arm of the New Zealand Defence Force.

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Royal Thai Navy

The Royal Thai Navy (Abrv: RTN, ทร.; กองทัพเรือไทย) is the naval warfare force of Thailand.

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Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands

Saipan is the largest island and capital of the Northern Mariana Islands, a Territory of the United States in the western Pacific Ocean.

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Samuel Eliot Morison

Samuel Eliot Morison (July 9, 1887 – May 15, 1976) was an American historian noted for his works of maritime history and American history that were both authoritative and popular.

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Sava-class river monitor

The Sava-class river monitors were built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy during the mid-1910s.

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Scapa Flow

Scapa Flow is a body of water in the Orkney Islands, Scotland, sheltered by the islands of Mainland, Graemsay, Burray,S.

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Seaplane tender

A seaplane tender is a boat or ship that supports the operation of seaplanes.

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Shimushu-class escort ship

The were a class of kaibōkan (equivalent to US destroyer escorts or British frigates) built for the Imperial Japanese Navy just prior to World War II.

See Naval history of World War II and Shimushu-class escort ship

Siege of Leningrad

The Siege of Leningrad was a prolonged military siege undertaken by the Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet city of Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg) on the Eastern Front of World War II.

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Siege of Odessa

The Siege of Odessa, known to the Soviets as the defense of Odessa, lasted from 8 August until 16 October 1941, during the early phase of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.

See Naval history of World War II and Siege of Odessa

Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)

The Siege of Sevastopol, also known as the Defence of Sevastopol (Oborona Sevastopolya) or the Battle of Sevastopol (Bătălia de la Sevastopol), was a military engagement that took place on the Eastern Front of the Second World War.

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Signals intelligence

Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is the act and field of intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication (electronic intelligence—abbreviated to ELINT).

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Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons,John Prados, Islands of Destiny, Dutton Caliber, 2012, p,20 and passim is a country consisting of 21 major islands Guadalcanal, Malaita, Makira, Santa Isabel, Choiseul, New Georgia, Kolombangara, Rennell, Vella Lavella, Vangunu, Nendo, Maramasike, Rendova, Shortland, San Jorge, Banie, Ranongga, Pavuvu, Nggela Pile and Nggela Sule, Tetepare, (which are bigger in area than 100 square kilometres) and over 900 smaller islands in Melanesia, part of Oceania, to the northeast of Australia.

See Naval history of World War II and Solomon Islands

Solomon Islands campaign

The Solomon Islands campaign was a major campaign of the Pacific War of World War II.

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South African Navy

The South African Navy (SA Navy) is the naval warfare branch of the South African National Defence Force.

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Soviet Navy

The Soviet Navy was the naval warfare uniform service branch of the Soviet Armed Forces.

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Spanish Navy

The Spanish Navy or officially, the Armada, is the maritime branch of the Spanish Armed Forces and one of the oldest active naval forces in the world.

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Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.

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Submarine

A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Swedish Navy

The Swedish Navy (Svenska marinen) is the maritime service branch of the Swedish Armed Forces.

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The Rising Sun

The Rising Sun: The Decline and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1936–1945 is a non-fiction history book by John Toland, published by Random House in 1970.

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Timor

Timor (Ilha de Timor, Illa Timór, Pulau Timor) is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, in the north of the Timor Sea.

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Trincomalee

Trincomalee (translit; translit), historically known as Gokanna and Gokarna, is the administrative headquarters of the Trincomalee District and major resort port city of Eastern Province, Sri Lanka.

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Tuapse

Tuapse (Туапсе́; Тӏуапсэ) is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi.

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Turkish Naval Forces

The Turkish Naval Forces (Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Navy (Türk Donanması), is the naval warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces.

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Type 93 torpedo

The was a -diameter torpedo of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), launched from surface ships.

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Type C escort ship

The were a class of escort ships in the service of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

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Type D escort ship

The were a class of escort ships in the service of the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

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U-boat

U-boats were naval submarines operated by Germany, particularly in the First and Second World Wars.

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U.S. Customs and Border Protection

United States Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the largest federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security.

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Ukuru-class escort ship

The were a class of twenty kaibōkan escort vessels built for the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.

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USS Yorktown (CV-5)

USS Yorktown (CV-5) was an aircraft carrier that served in the United States Navy during World War II.

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Victory over Japan Day

Victory over Japan Day (also known as V-J Day, Victory in the Pacific Day, or V-P Day) is the day on which Imperial Japan surrendered in World War II, in effect bringing the war to an end.

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Vifor-class destroyer

The Vifor class was a group of four destroyers ordered by Romania in 1913 and built in Italy during the First World War.

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Walcheren

Walcheren is a region and former island in the Dutch province of Zeeland at the mouth of the Scheldt estuary.

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Western Australia

Western Australia (WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western third of the land area of the Australian continent.

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Western Front (World War II)

The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. The Italian front is considered a separate but related theatre. The Western Front's 1944–1945 phase was officially deemed the European Theater by the United States, whereas Italy fell under the Mediterranean Theater along with the North African campaign.

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William S. Benson

William Shepherd Benson (September 25, 1855 – May 20, 1932) was an admiral in the United States Navy and the first chief of naval operations (CNO), holding the post throughout World War I.

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Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (30 November 187424 January 1965) was a British statesman, soldier, and writer who was twice Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 during the Second World War, and 1951 to 1955.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II

Also known as Maritime history in World War II, Maritime history in the Second World War, Naval history of the Second World War.

, Commander-in-Chief, China (Royal Navy), Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (France), Commander-in-Chief, South Atlantic, Commerce raiding, Conrad Helfrich, Convoy PQ 17, Cruiser, Destroyer, Destroyers-for-bases deal, Dudley North (Royal Navy officer), Dudley Pound, Dunkirk evacuation, Dutch East Indies, Dutch East Indies campaign, East Indies Fleet, East Indies Station, English Channel, Ernest J. King, Escort carrier, Etorofu-class escort ship, Europe first, Far East, Faroe Islands, Finnish Navy, First Happy Time, First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, Free French Naval Forces, Frigate, George C. Marshall, George H. W. Bush, German aircraft carrier Graf Zeppelin, German battleship Bismarck, Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, Graf Zeppelin-class aircraft carrier, Guam, Heavy cruiser, Hellenic Navy, History of the United States Navy, History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, HMS Hood, HMS Prince of Wales (53), HMS Repulse (1916), Home Fleet, Imperial Japanese Navy, Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service, Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II, Invasion of Poland, Irish Sea, Japanese cruiser Haguro, John Keegan, John Toland (historian), Kamikaze, Karel Doorman, Kriegsmarine, Kronstadt, Landing Ship, Tank, League of Nations, Leapfrogging (strategy), Lend-Lease, Luftwaffe, Malta, Mariana and Palau Islands campaign, Mediterranean Fleet, Mediterranean Sea, Merchant aircraft carrier, Merchant raider, Midway Atoll, Mikura-class escort ship, Minister of Economic Warfare, Mitsubishi A6M Zero, Monitor (warship), Mulberry harbours, Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, Naval warfare, Naval warfare of World War I, Neville Chamberlain, New Georgia campaign, New Guinea campaign, NMS Amiral Murgescu, NMS Delfinul, NMS Marsuinul, NMS Mihail Kogălniceanu, NMS Năluca, NMS Sborul, NMS Smeul, NMS Sublocotenent Ghiculescu, NMS Vedenia, NMS Viscolul, Normandy landings, North Africa, North America and West Indies Station, North Sea, Norwegian campaign, Novorossiysk, Nuclear weapon, Operation Downfall, Operation Overlord, Operation Pedestal, Operation Sea Lion, Operation Torch, Operation Weserübung, Pacific War, Paul Reynaud, Peter Padfield, Phoney War, Plan Dog memo, Polish Navy, Proximity fuze, Public Works Administration, Rabaul, Radar, Raymond A. Spruance, Red Army, Regele Ferdinand-class destroyer, Regia Marina, Romanian Naval Forces, Romanian Navy during World War II, Ronald H. Spector, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Indian Navy, Royal Naval Patrol Service, Royal Navy, Royal Netherlands Navy, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal Thai Navy, Saipan, Northern Mariana Islands, Samuel Eliot Morison, Sava-class river monitor, Scapa Flow, Seaplane tender, Shimushu-class escort ship, Siege of Leningrad, Siege of Odessa, Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942), Signals intelligence, Solomon Islands, Solomon Islands campaign, South African Navy, Soviet Navy, Spanish Navy, Sri Lanka, Submarine, Swedish Navy, The Rising Sun, Timor, Trincomalee, Tuapse, Turkish Naval Forces, Type 93 torpedo, Type C escort ship, Type D escort ship, U-boat, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Ukuru-class escort ship, USS Yorktown (CV-5), Victory over Japan Day, Vifor-class destroyer, Walcheren, Western Australia, Western Front (World War II), William S. Benson, Winston Churchill, World War II.