Table of Contents
220 relations: Adamawa languages, Adamawa Plateau, Adamawa–Ubangi languages, Adjective, Adposition, Advanced and retracted tongue root, Africa, Akan languages, Akoko language, Anyin language, Applicative voice, Atlantic–Congo languages, Austronesian languages, Automated Similarity Judgment Program, Auxiliary verb, Ayere–Ahan languages, Azande people, Bak languages, Bambara language, Banda languages, Bangime language, Bantoid languages, Bantu expansion, Bantu languages, Bété languages, Beboid languages, Bendi languages, Benin, Benue River, Benue–Congo languages, Buru–Angwe language, Carl Meinhof, Causative, Côte d'Ivoire, Central African Republic, Central Sudanic languages, Classifier (linguistics), Comparative method, Complementary distribution, Computational phylogenetics, Cross River languages, Dagbani language, Dakoid languages, Dan language, Dangme language, Defaka language, Demonstrative, Dida language, Diedrich Hermann Westermann, Dogon languages, ... Expand index (170 more) »
- Niger-Congo-speaking peoples
Adamawa languages
The Adamawa languages are a putative family of 80–90 languages scattered across the Adamawa Plateau in Central Africa, in northern Cameroon, north-western Central African Republic, southern Chad, and eastern Nigeria, spoken altogether by only one and a half million people (as of 1996).
See Niger–Congo languages and Adamawa languages
Adamawa Plateau
The Adamawa Plateau (Massif de l'Adamaoua) is a plateau region in west-central Africa stretching from south-eastern Nigeria through north-central Cameroon (Adamawa and North Provinces) to the Central African Republic.
See Niger–Congo languages and Adamawa Plateau
Adamawa–Ubangi languages
The Adamawa–Ubangi languages are a geographic grouping and formerly postulated family of languages spoken in Nigeria, Chad, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan, by a total of about 12 million people.
See Niger–Congo languages and Adamawa–Ubangi languages
Adjective
An adjective (abbreviated adj.) is a word that describes or defines a noun or noun phrase.
See Niger–Congo languages and Adjective
Adposition
Adpositions are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, behind, ago, etc.) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
See Niger–Congo languages and Adposition
Advanced and retracted tongue root
In phonetics, advanced tongue root (ATR) and retracted tongue root (RTR) are contrasting states of the root of the tongue during the pronunciation of vowels in some languages, especially in Western and Eastern Africa, but also in Kazakh and Mongolian.
See Niger–Congo languages and Advanced and retracted tongue root
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
See Niger–Congo languages and Africa
Akan languages
Akan is a group of several closely related languages within the wider Central Tano languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Akan languages
Akoko language
North Akoko, usually abbreviated as Akoko and also known as Arigidi, is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Akoko language
Anyin language
Anyin, also known as Agni, Agny, and Anyi, is a Niger-Congo language spoken mainly in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana.
See Niger–Congo languages and Anyin language
Applicative voice
The applicative voice (abbreviated or) is a grammatical voice that promotes an ''oblique'' argument of a verb to the core object argument.
See Niger–Congo languages and Applicative voice
Atlantic–Congo languages
The Atlantic–Congo languages comprise the largest demonstrated family of languages in Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Atlantic–Congo languages
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely spoken throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, parts of Mainland Southeast Asia, Madagascar, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and Taiwan (by Taiwanese indigenous peoples).
See Niger–Congo languages and Austronesian languages
Automated Similarity Judgment Program
The Automated Similarity Judgment Program (ASJP) is a collaborative project applying computational approaches to comparative linguistics using a database of word lists.
See Niger–Congo languages and Automated Similarity Judgment Program
Auxiliary verb
An auxiliary verb (abbreviated) is a verb that adds functional or grammatical meaning to the clause in which it occurs, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.
See Niger–Congo languages and Auxiliary verb
Ayere–Ahan languages
The Ayere–Ahan languages are a pair of languages of southwestern Nigeria, Ayere and Àhàn (or Ahaan), that form an independent branch of the Volta–Niger languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ayere–Ahan languages
Azande people
The Azande are an ethnic group in Central Africa speaking the Zande languages (whose classification is uncertain).
See Niger–Congo languages and Azande people
Bak languages
The Bak languages are a group of typologically Atlantic languages of Senegal and Guinea-Bissau linked in 2010 to the erstwhile Atlantic isolate Bijago.
See Niger–Congo languages and Bak languages
Bambara language
Bambara, also known as Bamana (N'Ko script: ߓߡߊߣߊ߲) or Bamanankan (N'Ko script: ߓߡߊߣߊ߲ߞߊ߲; Arabic script: بَمَنَنكَن), is a lingua franca and national language of Mali spoken by perhaps 14 million people, natively by 4.2 million Bambara people and about 10 million second-language users.
See Niger–Congo languages and Bambara language
Banda languages
Banda is a family of Ubangian languages spoken by the Banda people of Central Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Banda languages
Bangime language
Bangime (bàŋɡí–mɛ̀, or, in full, Bàŋgɛ́rí-mɛ̀) is a language isolate spoken by 3,500 ethnic Dogon in seven villages in southern Mali, who call themselves the bàŋɡá–ndɛ̀ ("hidden people").
See Niger–Congo languages and Bangime language
Bantoid languages
Bantoid is a major branch of the Benue–Congo language family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Bantoid languages
Bantu expansion
The Bantu expansion was a major series of migrations of the original Proto-Bantu-speaking group, which spread from an original nucleus around West-Central Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Bantu expansion
Bantu languages
The Bantu languages (English:, Proto-Bantu: *bantʊ̀) are a language family of about 600 languages that are spoken by the Bantu peoples of Central, Southern, Eastern and Southeast Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Bantu languages
Bété languages
The Bété languages are a language cluster of Kru languages spoken in central-western Ivory Coast.
See Niger–Congo languages and Bété languages
Beboid languages
The Beboid languages are any of several groups of languages spoken principally in southwest Cameroon, although two languages (Bukwen and Mashi) are spoken over the border in Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Beboid languages
Bendi languages
The Bendi languages are a small group of languages spoken in Cross River State, southeastern Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Bendi languages
Benin
Benin (Bénin, Benɛ, Benen), officially the Republic of Benin (République du Bénin), and also known as Dahomey, is a country in West Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Benin
Benue River
Benue River (la Bénoué), previously known as the Chadda River or Tchadda, is the major tributary of the Niger River.
See Niger–Congo languages and Benue River
Benue–Congo languages
Benue–Congo (sometimes called East Benue–Congo) is a major branch of the Volta-Congo languages which covers most of Sub-Saharan Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Benue–Congo languages
Buru–Angwe language
Buru and Angwe constitute a potentially rather divergent Southern Bantoid language spoken in Sardauna LGA, Taraba State of Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Buru–Angwe language
Carl Meinhof
Carl Friedrich Michael Meinhof (23 July 1857 – 11 February 1944) was a German linguist and one of the first linguists to study African languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Carl Meinhof
Causative
In linguistics, a causative (abbreviated) is a valency-increasing operationPayne, Thomas E. (1997).
See Niger–Congo languages and Causative
Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire, also known as Ivory Coast and officially known as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Côte d'Ivoire
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR), formerly known as Ubangi-Shari, is a landlocked country in Central Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Central African Republic
Central Sudanic languages
Central Sudanic is a family of about sixty languages that have been included in the proposed Nilo-Saharan language family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Central Sudanic languages
Classifier (linguistics)
A classifier (abbreviated or) is a word or affix that accompanies nouns and can be considered to "classify" a noun depending on some characteristics (e.g. humanness, animacy, sex, shape, social status) of its referent.
See Niger–Congo languages and Classifier (linguistics)
Comparative method
In linguistics, the comparative method is a technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with common descent from a shared ancestor and then extrapolating backwards to infer the properties of that ancestor.
See Niger–Congo languages and Comparative method
Complementary distribution
In linguistics, complementary distribution (as distinct from contrastive distribution and free variation) is the relationship between two different elements of the same kind in which one element is found in one set of environments and the other element is found in a non-intersecting (complementary) set of environments.
See Niger–Congo languages and Complementary distribution
Computational phylogenetics
Computational phylogenetics, phylogeny inference, or phylogenetic inference focuses on computational and optimization algorithms, heuristics, and approaches involved in phylogenetic analyses.
See Niger–Congo languages and Computational phylogenetics
Cross River languages
The Cross River or Delta–Cross languages are a branch of the Benue–Congo language family spoken in south-easternmost Nigeria, with some speakers in south-westernmost Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Cross River languages
Dagbani language
Dagbani (or Dagbane), also known as Dagbanli or Dagbanle, is a Gur language spoken in Ghana and Northern Togo.
See Niger–Congo languages and Dagbani language
Dakoid languages
The Dakoid languages are a branch of the Northern Bantoid languages spoken in Taraba and Adamawa states of eastern Nigeria. Niger–Congo languages and Dakoid languages are proposed language families.
See Niger–Congo languages and Dakoid languages
Dan language
Dan is a Southern Mande language spoken primarily in Ivory Coast (~800,000 speakers) and Liberia (150,000–200,000 speakers).
See Niger–Congo languages and Dan language
Dangme language
The Dangme language, also Adangme, Dangbe or Adaŋgbi, is a Kwa language spoken in south-eastern Ghana by the Dangme people (Dangmeli).
See Niger–Congo languages and Dangme language
Defaka language
Defaka is an endangered and divergent Nigerian language of uncertain classification.
See Niger–Congo languages and Defaka language
Demonstrative
Demonstratives (abbreviated) are words, such as this and that, used to indicate which entities are being referred to and to distinguish those entities from others.
See Niger–Congo languages and Demonstrative
Dida language
Dida is a dialect cluster of the Kru family spoken in Ivory Coast.
See Niger–Congo languages and Dida language
Diedrich Hermann Westermann
Diedrich Hermann Westermann (June 24, 1875 – May 31, 1956) was a German missionary, Africanist, and linguist.
See Niger–Congo languages and Diedrich Hermann Westermann
Dogon languages
The Dogon languages are a small closely related language family that is spoken by the Dogon people of Mali and may belong to the proposed Niger–Congo family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Dogon languages
Dogon people
The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso.
See Niger–Congo languages and Dogon people
Downstep
Downstep is a phenomenon in tone languages in which if two syllables have the same tone (for example, both with a high tone or both with a low tone), the second syllable is lower in pitch than the first.
See Niger–Congo languages and Downstep
Dyula language
Dyula (or Jula, Dioula, Julakan ߖߎ߬ߟߊ߬ߞߊ߲) is a language of the Mande language family spoken mainly in Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast and Mali, and also in some other countries, including Ghana, Guinea and Guinea-Bissau.
See Niger–Congo languages and Dyula language
Eastern Sudanic languages
In most classifications, the Eastern Sudanic languages are a group of nine families of languages that may constitute a branch of the Nilo-Saharan language family. Niger–Congo languages and Eastern Sudanic languages are proposed language families.
See Niger–Congo languages and Eastern Sudanic languages
Edo language
Edo (with diacritics, Ẹ̀dó), colloquially and often referred to as Bini, is the language spoken by the Edo ethnic group in Edo State, Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Edo language
Edoid languages
The Edoid languages are a few dozen languages spoken in Southern Nigeria, predominantly in the former Bendel State.
See Niger–Congo languages and Edoid languages
Efik language
Efik (Usem Efịk) is the indigenous language of the Efik people, who are situated in the present-day Cross River State and Akwa Ibom State of Nigeria, as well as in the north-west of Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Efik language
Ekoid languages
The Ekoid languages are a dialect cluster of Southern Bantoid languages spoken principally in southeastern Nigeria and in adjacent regions of Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ekoid languages
Esimbi language
Esimbi is a Tivoid language of southwestern Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Esimbi language
Ethnologue
Ethnologue: Languages of the World is an annual reference publication in print and online that provides statistics and other information on the living languages of the world.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ethnologue
Ewe language
Ewe (Eʋe or Eʋegbe) is a language spoken by approximately 5 million people in West Africa, mainly in Ghana and Togo.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ewe language
Fali of Baissa
Fali is an unclassified Benue-Congo language of Nigeria, spoken in the town of Baissa in Taraba State.
See Niger–Congo languages and Fali of Baissa
Fam language
Fam (Fám;Idiatov, Dmitry, Mark Van de Velde, Tope Olagunju and Bitrus Andrew. 2017.. 47th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics (CALL) (Leiden, Netherlands). exonym: Kɔŋa) is a Bantoid language of Bali LGA in Taraba State, Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Fam language
Fon language
Fon (fɔ̀ngbè) also known as Dahomean is the language of the Fon people.
See Niger–Congo languages and Fon language
Fortis and lenis
In linguistics, fortis and lenis (and; Latin for "strong" and "weak"), sometimes identified with 'tense' and 'lax', are pronunciations of consonants with relatively greater and lesser energy, respectively.
See Niger–Congo languages and Fortis and lenis
Friedrich Müller (linguist)
Friedrich Müller (6 March 1834 25 May 1898) was an Austrian linguist and ethnologist who originated the term Hamito-Semitic languages for what are now called the Afro-Asiatic languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Friedrich Müller (linguist)
Fula language
Fula,Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student's Handbook, Edinburgh also known as Fulani or Fulah (Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular; Adlam: 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤬𞤵𞤤𞤣𞤫, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞥄𞤪, 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤢𞤪; Ajami: ࢻُلْࢻُلْدٜ, ݒُلَارْ, بُۛلَر), is a Senegambian language spoken by around 36.8 million people as a set of various dialects in a continuum that stretches across some 18 countries in West and Central Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Fula language
Furu languages
The Furu languages are a proposed group of poorly attested extinct or nearly extinct and otherwise unclassified Southern Bantoid languages of Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Furu languages
Ga–Dangme languages
Ga–Dangme is a branch of the Kwa language family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ga–Dangme languages
Gban language
Gban, or Gagu (Gagou), is a Mande language of Ivory Coast.
See Niger–Congo languages and Gban language
Gbaya languages
The Gbaya languages, also known as Gbaya–Manza–Ngbaka, are a family of perhaps a dozen languages spoken mainly in the western Central African Republic and across the border in Cameroon, with one language (Ngbaka) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and several languages with few speakers in the Republic of the Congo.
See Niger–Congo languages and Gbaya languages
Gbe languages
The Gbe languages (pronounced) form a cluster of about twenty related languages stretching across the area between eastern Ghana and western Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Gbe languages
Genitive case
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun.
See Niger–Congo languages and Genitive case
Gerrit Dimmendaal
Gerrit Jan Dimmendaal (born 1955) is a Dutch linguist and Africanist.
See Niger–Congo languages and Gerrit Dimmendaal
Ghana
Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country in West Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ghana
Ghana–Togo Mountain languages
The Ghana–Togo Mountain languages, formerly called Togorestsprachen (Togo Remnant languages) and Central Togo languages, form a grouping of about fourteen languages spoken in the mountains of the Ghana–Togo borderland.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ghana–Togo Mountain languages
Glottolog
Glottolog is an open-access online bibliographic database of the world's languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Glottolog
Gola language
Gola is a language of Liberia and Sierra Leone.
See Niger–Congo languages and Gola language
Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns.
See Niger–Congo languages and Grammatical gender
Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a feature of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two" or "three or more").
See Niger–Congo languages and Grammatical number
Grassfields languages
The Grassfields languages (or Wide Grassfields languages) are a branch of the Southern Bantoid languages spoken in the Western High Plateau of Cameroon and some parts of Taraba state, Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Grassfields languages
Guillaume Segerer
Guillaume Segerer (born July 13, 1965, in Paris, France) is a French linguist who specializes in Niger-Congo languages, especially the Atlantic languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Guillaume Segerer
Gur languages
The Gur languages, also known as Central Gur or Mabia, belong to the Niger–Congo languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Gur languages
Guthrie classification of Bantu languages
The 250 or so "Narrow Bantu languages" are conventionally divided up into geographic zones first proposed by Malcolm Guthrie (1967–1971).
See Niger–Congo languages and Guthrie classification of Bantu languages
Hypothesis
A hypothesis (hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Hypothesis
Idoma language
Idoma (Ìdɔ́mà) is the second official language spoken in Benue State in southeast-central Nigeria, by approximately one million people (2020 estimate).
See Niger–Congo languages and Idoma language
Idomoid languages
The Idomoid languages are spoken primarily in Benue State of east-central Nigeria and surrounding regions.
See Niger–Congo languages and Idomoid languages
Igbo language
Igbo (Standard Igbo: Ásụ̀sụ́ Ìgbò) is the principal native language cluster of the Igbo people, an ethnicity in the Southeastern part of Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Igbo language
Igboid languages
Igboid languages constitute a branch of the Volta–Niger language family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Igboid languages
Igede language
Igede is a language spoken in Lower Benue State and Cross River State, Nigeria, by 461,000 people.
See Niger–Congo languages and Igede language
Ijaw languages
The Izon languages, otherwise known as the Ịjọ languages, are the languages spoken by the Izon people in southern Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ijaw languages
Ijaw people
The Ijaw people, otherwise known as the Ijo people, are an ethnic group found in the Niger Delta in Nigeria, with significant population clusters in Bayelsa, Delta, and Rivers.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ijaw people
Ijoid languages
Ijoid is a proposed but undemonstrated group of languages linking the Ijaw languages (Ịjọ) with the endangered Defaka language.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ijoid languages
Jalaa language
Jalaa (autonym: bàsàrə̀n dà jàlààbè̩), also known as Cèntûm, Centúúm or Cen Tuum, is an extinct language of northeastern Nigeria (Loojaa settlement in Balanga Local Government Area, Gombe State), of uncertain origins, apparently a language isolate.
See Niger–Congo languages and Jalaa language
Jarawan languages
Jarawan is a group of languages spoken mostly in Bauchi State, Nigeria, with some also scattered in Plateau State, Taraba State, and Adamawa State in the same country.
See Niger–Congo languages and Jarawan languages
John Bendor-Samuel
John Theodore Bendor-Samuel (9 June 1929 – 6 January 2011) was an evangelical Christian missionary and linguist who furthered Bible translation work into African languages, as well as making significant contributions to the study of African linguistics.
See Niger–Congo languages and John Bendor-Samuel
Joseph Greenberg
Joseph Harold Greenberg (May 28, 1915 – May 7, 2001) was an American linguist, known mainly for his work concerning linguistic typology and the genetic classification of languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Joseph Greenberg
Jukun Takum language
Jukun (Njikun), or more precisely Jukun Takum, is a Jukunoid language of Cameroon used as a trade language in Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Jukun Takum language
Jukunoid languages
The Jukunoid languages are a branch of the Benue-Congo languages spoken by the Jukun and related peoples of Nigeria and Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Jukunoid languages
Kainji languages
The Kainji languages are a group of about 60 related languages spoken in west-central Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Kainji languages
Karl Richard Lepsius
Karl Richard Lepsius (Carolus Richardius Lepsius) (23 December 181010 July 1884) was a Prussian Egyptologist, linguist and modern archaeologist.
See Niger–Congo languages and Karl Richard Lepsius
Kasena language
Kasena or Kassena (Kasem or Kassem) is the language of the Kassena ethnic group and is a Gur language spoken in the Upper East Region of northern Ghana and in Burkina Faso.
See Niger–Congo languages and Kasena language
Katloid languages
The Katla languages are two to three closely related languages that form a small language family in the Nuba Hills of Sudan.
See Niger–Congo languages and Katloid languages
Kay Williamson
Kay Williamson (January 26, 1935, Hereford, United Kingdom – January 3, 2005, Brazil), born Ruth Margaret Williamson, was a linguist who specialised in the study of African languages, particularly those of the Niger Delta in Nigeria, where she lived for nearly fifty years.
See Niger–Congo languages and Kay Williamson
Khoisan
Khoisan, or Khoe-Sān, is a catch-all term for the indigenous peoples of Southern Africa who traditionally speak non-Bantu languages, combining the Khoekhoen (formerly "Hottentots") and the Sān peoples (also called "Bushmen").
See Niger–Congo languages and Khoisan
Kogi State
Kogi State is a state in the North Central region of Nigeria, bordered to the west by the states of Ekiti and Kwara, to the north by the Federal Capital Territory, to the northeast by Nasarawa State, to the northwest by Niger State, to the southwest by the Edo and Ondo states, to the southeast by the states of Anambra and Enugu, and to the east by Benue State.
See Niger–Congo languages and Kogi State
Konstantin Pozdniakov
Konstantin Igorevich Pozdniakov (born 24 July 1952, Leningrad, USSR) is a Russian-French linguist who works on the comparative-historical linguistics of the Mande, Atlantic, and Niger-Congo families.
See Niger–Congo languages and Konstantin Pozdniakov
Kordofan
Kordofan (كردفان) is a former province of central Sudan.
See Niger–Congo languages and Kordofan
Kordofanian languages
The Kordofanian languages are a geographic grouping of five language groups spoken in the Nuba Mountains of the South Kordofan region of Sudan: Talodi–Heiban languages, Lafofa languages, Rashad languages, Katla languages and Kadu languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Kordofanian languages
Kru languages
The Kru languages are spoken by the Kru people from the southeast of Liberia to the west of Ivory Coast.
See Niger–Congo languages and Kru languages
Kru people
The Kru, Krao, Kroo, or Krou are a West African ethnic group who are indigenous to western Ivory Coast and eastern Liberia.
See Niger–Congo languages and Kru people
Kwa languages
The Kwa languages, often specified as New Kwa, are a proposed but as-yet-undemonstrated family of languages spoken in the south-eastern part of Ivory Coast, across southern Ghana, and in central Togo.
See Niger–Congo languages and Kwa languages
Laal language
Laal is an endangered language isolate spoken by 749 people in three villages in the Moyen-Chari prefecture of Chad on opposite banks of the Chari River, called Gori (lá), Damtar (ɓual), and Mailao.
See Niger–Congo languages and Laal language
Lafofa languages
Lafofa, also Tegem–Amira, is a dialect cluster spoken in the southern Nuba Mountains in the south of Sudan.
See Niger–Congo languages and Lafofa languages
Language family
A language family is a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestral language or parental language, called the proto-language of that family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Language family
Languages of Africa
The number of languages natively spoken in Africa is variously estimated (depending on the delineation of language vs. dialect) at between 1,250 and 2,100, and by some counts at over 3,000.
See Niger–Congo languages and Languages of Africa
Languages of Nigeria
Bura Sign Language |foreign.
See Niger–Congo languages and Languages of Nigeria
Limba language
The Limba language, Hulimba, is a Niger–Congo language of Sierra Leone and Guinea.
See Niger–Congo languages and Limba language
Lingala
Lingala (Ngala) (Lingala: Lingála) is a Bantu language spoken in the northwest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the northern half of the Republic of the Congo, in their capitals, Kinshasa and Brazzaville, and to a lesser degree in Angola, the Central African Republic, Kenya and southern South Sudan.
See Niger–Congo languages and Lingala
Linkage (linguistics)
In historical linguistics, a linkage is a network of related dialects or languages that formed from a gradual diffusion and differentiation of a proto-language.
See Niger–Congo languages and Linkage (linguistics)
Mali
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mali
Mambila language
Mambila is a dialect chain stretching across Nigeria and Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mambila language
Mambiloid languages
The twelve Mambiloid languages are languages spoken by the Mambila and related peoples mostly in eastern Nigeria and in Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mambiloid languages
Mamfe languages
The Mamfe or Nyang languages are three languages that form a branch of Southern Bantoid languages spoken in southwest Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mamfe languages
Mandé peoples
The Mandé peoples are an ethnolinguistic grouping of native African ethnic groups who speak Mande languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mandé peoples
Mande languages
The Mande languages (Mandén, Manding) are a group of languages spoken in several countries in West Africa by the Mandé peoples.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mande languages
Mandinka language
The Mandinka language (Ajami: مَانْدِينْكَا كَانْجَوْ), or Mandingo, is a Mande language spoken by the Mandinka people of Guinea, northern Guinea-Bissau, the Casamance region of Senegal, and in The Gambia where it is one of the principal languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mandinka language
Maninka language
Maninka (also known as Malinke), or more precisely Eastern Maninka, is the name of several closely related languages and dialects of the southeastern Manding subgroup of the Mande language family (itself, possibly linked to the Niger–Congo phylum).
See Niger–Congo languages and Maninka language
Mbam languages
The Mbam languages are a group of Bantu languages spoken in Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mbam languages
Mbe language
Mbe is a language spoken by the Mbube people of the Ogoja, Cross River State region of Nigeria, numbering about 65,000 people in 2011.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mbe language
Mel languages
The Mel languages are a branch of Niger–Congo languages spoken in Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mel languages
Menchum language
Menchum, or Befang, is a Grassfields language of Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Menchum language
Momo languages
The Momo languages are a group of Grassfields languages spoken in the Western High Plateau of Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Momo languages
Monzombo language
Monzombo is a minor Ubangian language of the Congos.
See Niger–Congo languages and Monzombo language
Mooré
Mooré, also called More or Mossi, is a Gur language of the Oti–Volta branch and one of four official languages of Burkina Faso.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mooré
Mpra language
Mpra, or Mpre, is an extinct language spoken in the village of Butei in central Ghana, located between the towns of Techiman and Tamale near the confluence of the Black and White Voltas.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mpra language
Mumuye language
Mumuye is by far the most populous of the Adamawa languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mumuye language
Mwani language
The Mwani language, also known by its native name Kimwani, (Kimwani) is a Bantu language spoken on the coast of the Cabo Delgado Province of Mozambique, including the Quirimbas Islands.
See Niger–Congo languages and Mwani language
Nafanan language
Nafaanra (sometimes written Nafaara, pronounced), also known as Nafanan or Nafana, is a Senufo language spoken in northwest Ghana, along the border with Ivory Coast, east of Bondoukou.
See Niger–Congo languages and Nafanan language
Nasal consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive or nasal stop in contrast with an oral stop or nasalized consonant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.
See Niger–Congo languages and Nasal consonant
Nasal vowel
A nasal vowel is a vowel that is produced with a lowering of the soft palate (or velum) so that the air flow escapes through the nose and the mouth simultaneously, as in the French vowel /ɑ̃/ or Amoy.
See Niger–Congo languages and Nasal vowel
Niger Delta
The Niger Delta is the delta of the Niger River sitting directly on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean in Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Niger Delta
Niger River
The Niger River is the main river of West Africa, extending about. Its drainage basin is in area. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands in south-eastern Guinea near the Sierra Leone border. It runs in a crescent shape through Mali, Niger, on the border with Benin and then through Nigeria, discharging through a massive delta, known as the Niger Delta, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean.
See Niger–Congo languages and Niger River
Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Nigeria
Nilo-Saharan languages
The Nilo-Saharan languages are a proposed family of around 210 African languages spoken by somewhere around 70 million speakers, mainly in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers, including historic Nubia, north of where the two tributaries of the Nile meet. Niger–Congo languages and Nilo-Saharan languages are proposed language families.
See Niger–Congo languages and Nilo-Saharan languages
Northern Bantoid languages
Northern Bantoid (or North Bantoid) is a branch of the Bantoid languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Northern Bantoid languages
Noun class
In linguistics, a noun class is a particular category of nouns.
See Niger–Congo languages and Noun class
Noun phrase
A noun phrase – or NP or nominal (phrase) – is a phrase that usually has a noun or pronoun as its head, and has the same grammatical functions as a noun.
See Niger–Congo languages and Noun phrase
Nuba Mountains
The Nuba Mountains (جبال النوبة), also referred to as the Nuba Hills, is an area located in South Kordofan, Sudan.
See Niger–Congo languages and Nuba Mountains
Numeral (linguistics)
In linguistics, a numeral in the broadest sense is a word or phrase that describes a numerical quantity.
See Niger–Congo languages and Numeral (linguistics)
Numeral system
A numeral system is a writing system for expressing numbers; that is, a mathematical notation for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or other symbols in a consistent manner.
See Niger–Congo languages and Numeral system
Nupoid languages
The Nupoid languages are a branch of Volta–Niger spoken in west-central Nigeria, particularly in southeastern Niger State and northern Kogi State.
See Niger–Congo languages and Nupoid languages
Nyabwa language
The Nyabwa (Niaboua, Niédéboua, Nyaboa, Nyabwa-Nyédébwa, Nyedebwa or Nyaboa) language is a Kru language spoken in Ivory Coast.
See Niger–Congo languages and Nyabwa language
Oko language
Oko (ɔ̀kɔ́), also known as Ogori-Magongo and Oko-Eni-Osayin, is a dialect cluster spoken in Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Oko language
Phonology
Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phones or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.
See Niger–Congo languages and Phonology
Plateau languages
The forty or so Plateau languages are a tentative group of Benue–Congo languages spoken by 15 million people on the Jos Plateau, Southern Kaduna, Nasarawa State and in adjacent areas in central Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Plateau languages
Polyglotta Africana
Polyglotta Africana is a study published in 1854 by the German missionary Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle (1823–1902), in which the author compares 280 words from 200 African languages and dialects (or about 120 separate languages according to today's classification; several varieties considered distinct by Koelle were later shown to belong to the same language).
See Niger–Congo languages and Polyglotta Africana
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor.
See Niger–Congo languages and Polyphyly
Potou–Tano languages
The Potou–Tano or Potou–Akanic languages are the only large, well-established branch of the Kwa family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Potou–Tano languages
Proto-Bantu language
Proto-Bantu is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Bantu languages, a subgroup of the Southern Bantoid languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Proto-Bantu language
Proto-Niger–Congo language
Proto-Niger–Congo is the hypothetical reconstructed proto-language of the proposed Niger–Congo language family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Proto-Niger–Congo language
Pygmy peoples
In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short.
See Niger–Congo languages and Pygmy peoples
Rashad languages
The Rashad languages form a small language family in the Nuba Hills of Sudan.
See Niger–Congo languages and Rashad languages
Reciprocal construction
A reciprocal construction (abbreviated) is a grammatical pattern in which each of the participants occupies both the role of agent and patient with respect to the other.
See Niger–Congo languages and Reciprocal construction
Relative clause
A relative clause is a clause that modifies a noun or noun phrase and uses some grammatical device to indicate that one of the arguments in the relative clause refers to the noun or noun phrase.
See Niger–Congo languages and Relative clause
Roger Blench
Roger Marsh Blench (born August 1, 1953) is a British linguist, ethnomusicologist and development anthropologist.
See Niger–Congo languages and Roger Blench
Sahel
The Sahel region or Sahelian acacia savanna is a biogeographical region in Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Sahel
Savannas languages
The Savannas languages, also known as Gur–Adamawa or Adamawa–Gur, is a branch of the Niger–Congo languages that includes Greenberg's Gur and Adamawa–Ubangui families.
See Niger–Congo languages and Savannas languages
Senari languages
The Senari languages form a central dialect cluster of the Senufo languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Senari languages
Senegal
Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country.
See Niger–Congo languages and Senegal
Senegal River
The Senegal River (Dexug Senegaal, Nahr as-Siniġāl, Fleuve Sénégal) is a river in West Africa; much of its length marks part of the border between Senegal and Mauritania.
See Niger–Congo languages and Senegal River
Senegambian languages
The Senegambian languages, traditionally known as the Northern West Atlantic, or in more recent literature sometimes confusingly as the Atlantic languages, are a branch of Atlantic–Congo languages centered on Senegal, with most languages spoken there and in neighboring southern Mauritania, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, and Guinea.
See Niger–Congo languages and Senegambian languages
Senufo languages
The Senufo or Senufic languages (Senoufo in French) comprise around 15 languages spoken by the Senufo in the north of Ivory Coast, the south of Mali and the southwest of Burkina Faso.
See Niger–Congo languages and Senufo languages
Senufo people
The Senufo people, also known as Siena, Senefo, Sene, Senoufo, and Syénambélé, are a West African ethnolinguistic group.
See Niger–Congo languages and Senufo people
Shona language
Shona (chiShona) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe.
See Niger–Congo languages and Shona language
Siamou language
The Siamou language, also known as Seme (Sɛmɛ), is a language spoken mainly in Burkina Faso.
See Niger–Congo languages and Siamou language
Sigismund Koelle
Sigismund Wilhelm Koelle or Kölle (July 14, 1820 – February 18, 1902) was a German missionary working on behalf of the London-based Church Missionary Society, at first in Sierra Leone, where he became a pioneer scholar of the languages of Africa, and later in Constantinople (Istanbul).
See Niger–Congo languages and Sigismund Koelle
Singulative number
In linguistics, singulative number and collective number (abbreviated and) are terms used when the grammatical number for multiple items is the unmarked form of a noun, and the noun is specially marked to indicate a single item.
See Niger–Congo languages and Singulative number
Songhay languages
The Songhay, Songhai or Ayneha languages are a group of closely related languages/dialects centred on the middle stretches of the Niger River in the West African countries of Mali, Niger, Benin, Burkina Faso and Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Songhay languages
Sotho language
Sotho Sesotho, also known as Southern Sotho or Sesotho sa Borwa is a Southern Bantu language of the Sotho–Tswana ("S.30") group, spoken in Lesotho, and South Africa where it is an official language.
See Niger–Congo languages and Sotho language
Southeast Africa
Southeast Africa, or Southeastern Africa, is an African region that is intermediate between East Africa and Southern Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Southeast Africa
Southern Africa
Southern Africa is the southernmost region of Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Southern Africa
Southern Bantoid languages
Southern Bantoid (or South Bantoid) is a branch of the Bantoid language family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Southern Bantoid languages
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.
See Niger–Congo languages and Sub-Saharan Africa
Subject–object–verb word order
In linguistic typology, a subject–object–verb (SOV) language is one in which the subject, object, and verb of a sentence always or usually appear in that order.
See Niger–Congo languages and Subject–object–verb word order
Subject–verb–object word order
In linguistic typology, subject–verb–object (SVO) is a sentence structure where the subject comes first, the verb second, and the object third.
See Niger–Congo languages and Subject–verb–object word order
Sudan
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Sudan
Sudanic languages
In early 20th century classification of African languages, Sudanic was a generic term for languages spoken in the Sahel belt, from Ethiopia in the east to Senegal in the west.
See Niger–Congo languages and Sudanic languages
Supyire language
Supyire, or Suppire, is a Senufo language spoken in the Sikasso Region of southeastern Mali and in adjoining regions of Ivory Coast.
See Niger–Congo languages and Supyire language
Swahili language
Swahili, also known by its local name Kiswahili, is a Bantu language originally spoken by the Swahili people, who are found primarily in Tanzania, Kenya and Mozambique (along the East African coast and adjacent littoral islands).
See Niger–Congo languages and Swahili language
Syllable
A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds, typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants).
See Niger–Congo languages and Syllable
Talodi–Heiban languages
The Talodi–Heiban languages are a proposed branch of the hypothetical Niger–Congo family, spoken in the Nuba Mountains of Sudan. Niger–Congo languages and Talodi–Heiban languages are proposed language families.
See Niger–Congo languages and Talodi–Heiban languages
Temne language
Temne (also Themne, Timne) is a language of the Mel branch of the Niger–Congo language family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Temne language
The Languages of Africa
The Languages of Africa is a 1963 book of essays by the linguist Joseph Greenberg, in which the author sets forth a genetic classification of African languages that, with some changes, continues to be the most commonly used one today.
See Niger–Congo languages and The Languages of Africa
Tigon language
Mbembe, or more specifically Tigon Mbembe, is a Jukunoid language of Cameroon and Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Tigon language
Tikar language
Tikar (also called Tigé, Tigré or Tikari) is a Northern Bantoid, semi-Bantu language that is spoken in Cameroon by the Tikar people, as well as by the Bedzan Pygmies, who speak their own dialect of the language. A recent hypothesis by Roger Blench suggests that the Tikar language could be a divergent language in the Niger-Congo language family with an uncertain origin.
See Niger–Congo languages and Tikar language
Timbuktu
Timbuktu (Tombouctou; Koyra Chiini: Tumbutu; Tin Bukt) is an ancient city in Mali, situated north of the Niger River.
See Niger–Congo languages and Timbuktu
Tita language
Tita or "Hoai Petel" is an unclassified Benue–Congo language of Nigeria., it is mainly spoken in the states of Taraba and Plateau. The Tita language has no existing dialects, and thus no alternate dialect names.
See Niger–Congo languages and Tita language
Tivoid languages
The Tivoid languages are a branch of the Southern Bantoid languages spoken in parts of Nigeria and Cameroon.
See Niger–Congo languages and Tivoid languages
Togo
Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Togo
Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.
See Niger–Congo languages and Tone (linguistics)
Twi
Twi is a variety of the Akan language spoken in southern and central Ghana by several million people, mainly of the Akan people, the largest of the seventeen major ethnic groups in Ghana.
See Niger–Congo languages and Twi
Ubangian languages
The Ubangian languages form a diverse linkage of some seventy languages centered on the Central African Republic and the DR Congo. Niger–Congo languages and Ubangian languages are proposed language families.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ubangian languages
Ukaan language
Ukaan (also Ikan, Anyaran, Auga, or Kakumo) is a poorly described Niger–Congo language or dialect cluster of uncertain affiliation.
See Niger–Congo languages and Ukaan language
Volta–Congo languages
Volta–Congo is a major branch of the Atlantic–Congo family.
See Niger–Congo languages and Volta–Congo languages
Volta–Niger languages
The Volta–Niger family of languages, also known as West Benue–Congo or East Kwa, is one of the branches of the Niger–Congo language family, with perhaps 70 million speakers.
See Niger–Congo languages and Volta–Niger languages
Vowel harmony
In phonology, vowel harmony is a phonological rule in which the vowels of a given domain – typically a phonological word – must share certain distinctive features (thus "in harmony").
See Niger–Congo languages and Vowel harmony
West Africa
West Africa, or Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R.
See Niger–Congo languages and West Africa
West Atlantic languages
The West Atlantic languages (also the Atlantic languages"West Atlantic" is the traditional term, following Diedrich Hermann Westermann; "Atlantic" is more typical in recent work, particularly since Bendor-Samuel (1989), but is also used specifically for the northern branch of West Atlantic.
See Niger–Congo languages and West Atlantic languages
Wilhelm Bleek
Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel Bleek (8 March 1827 – 17 August 1875) was a German linguist.
See Niger–Congo languages and Wilhelm Bleek
Wobé language
Wobé (Ouobe) is a Kru language spoken in Ivory Coast.
See Niger–Congo languages and Wobé language
Wolof language
Wolof (Wolof làkk, وࣷلࣷفْ لࣵکّ) is a Niger–Congo language spoken by the Wolof people in much of West African subregion of Senegambia that is split between the countries of Senegal, Mauritania, and the Gambia.
See Niger–Congo languages and Wolof language
Word order
In linguistics, word order (also known as linear order) is the order of the syntactic constituents of a language.
See Niger–Congo languages and Word order
Xhosa language
Xhosa, formerly spelled Xosa and also known by its local name isiXhosa, is a Nguni language, indigenous to Southern Africa and one of the official languages of South Africa and Zimbabwe.
See Niger–Congo languages and Xhosa language
Yoruba language
Yoruba (Yor. Èdè Yorùbá,; Ajami: عِدعِ يوْرُبا) is a language that is spoken in West Africa, primarily in Southwestern and Central Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Yoruba language
Yoruboid languages
Yoruboid is a language family composed of the Igala group of dialects spoken in south central Nigeria, and the Edekiri group spoken in a band across Togo, Ghana, Benin and southern Nigeria, including the Itsekiri of Warri Kingdom.
See Niger–Congo languages and Yoruboid languages
Yukuben language
Yukuben, or Uhumghikgi (Uhum), is a Plateau language of Nigeria.
See Niger–Congo languages and Yukuben language
Zande language
Zande is the largest of the Zande languages.
See Niger–Congo languages and Zande language
Zialo language
Zialo (self-identification Ziolo) is a language spoken by the Zialo people in Guinea.
See Niger–Congo languages and Zialo language
Zulu language
Zulu, or IsiZulu as an endonym, is a Southern Bantu language of the Nguni branch spoken and indigenous to Southern Africa.
See Niger–Congo languages and Zulu language
See also
Niger-Congo-speaking peoples
- Bantu peoples
- Bassa Nge people
- Bukusu
- Dogon
- Efik people
- Fula people
- Ibibio
- Igbo
- Niger–Congo languages
- Oron people
- Yoruba
References
Also known as Congo-Kordofanian, Congo-Kordofanian languages, Congo-Niger languages, Congo-Saharan, Congo-Saharan languages, ISO 639:alv, ISO 639:nic, Kongo-Saharan, Kongo-Saharan languages, Niger Congo, Niger Congo A languages, Niger Congo B languages, Niger Congo languages, Niger-Congo, Niger-Congo A languages, Niger-Congo B languages, Niger-Congo family, Niger-Congo homeland, Niger-Congo language, Niger-Congo language family, Niger-Congo urheimat, Niger-Khordofanian languages, Niger-Kordofanian, Niger-Kordofanian languages, Niger-Saharan, Niger-Saharan languages, Niger–Congo peoples, Niger–Congolese, Niger—Congo A languages, Niger—Congo B languages, West African agriculturalist, West African agriculturalists, West African farmer, West African farmers, West African languages, Western African agriculturalist, Western African agriculturalists, Western African farmer, Western African farmers.
, Dogon people, Downstep, Dyula language, Eastern Sudanic languages, Edo language, Edoid languages, Efik language, Ekoid languages, Esimbi language, Ethnologue, Ewe language, Fali of Baissa, Fam language, Fon language, Fortis and lenis, Friedrich Müller (linguist), Fula language, Furu languages, Ga–Dangme languages, Gban language, Gbaya languages, Gbe languages, Genitive case, Gerrit Dimmendaal, Ghana, Ghana–Togo Mountain languages, Glottolog, Gola language, Grammatical gender, Grammatical number, Grassfields languages, Guillaume Segerer, Gur languages, Guthrie classification of Bantu languages, Hypothesis, Idoma language, Idomoid languages, Igbo language, Igboid languages, Igede language, Ijaw languages, Ijaw people, Ijoid languages, Jalaa language, Jarawan languages, John Bendor-Samuel, Joseph Greenberg, Jukun Takum language, Jukunoid languages, Kainji languages, Karl Richard Lepsius, Kasena language, Katloid languages, Kay Williamson, Khoisan, Kogi State, Konstantin Pozdniakov, Kordofan, Kordofanian languages, Kru languages, Kru people, Kwa languages, Laal language, Lafofa languages, Language family, Languages of Africa, Languages of Nigeria, Limba language, Lingala, Linkage (linguistics), Mali, Mambila language, Mambiloid languages, Mamfe languages, Mandé peoples, Mande languages, Mandinka language, Maninka language, Mbam languages, Mbe language, Mel languages, Menchum language, Momo languages, Monzombo language, Mooré, Mpra language, Mumuye language, Mwani language, Nafanan language, Nasal consonant, Nasal vowel, Niger Delta, Niger River, Nigeria, Nilo-Saharan languages, Northern Bantoid languages, Noun class, Noun phrase, Nuba Mountains, Numeral (linguistics), Numeral system, Nupoid languages, Nyabwa language, Oko language, Phonology, Plateau languages, Polyglotta Africana, Polyphyly, Potou–Tano languages, Proto-Bantu language, Proto-Niger–Congo language, Pygmy peoples, Rashad languages, Reciprocal construction, Relative clause, Roger Blench, Sahel, Savannas languages, Senari languages, Senegal, Senegal River, Senegambian languages, Senufo languages, Senufo people, Shona language, Siamou language, Sigismund Koelle, Singulative number, Songhay languages, Sotho language, Southeast Africa, Southern Africa, Southern Bantoid languages, Sub-Saharan Africa, Subject–object–verb word order, Subject–verb–object word order, Sudan, Sudanic languages, Supyire language, Swahili language, Syllable, Talodi–Heiban languages, Temne language, The Languages of Africa, Tigon language, Tikar language, Timbuktu, Tita language, Tivoid languages, Togo, Tone (linguistics), Twi, Ubangian languages, Ukaan language, Volta–Congo languages, Volta–Niger languages, Vowel harmony, West Africa, West Atlantic languages, Wilhelm Bleek, Wobé language, Wolof language, Word order, Xhosa language, Yoruba language, Yoruboid languages, Yukuben language, Zande language, Zialo language, Zulu language.