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106 relations: Aristocracy, Battle of Fei River, Book of Wei, Buddhism, Chang'an, Change of Xianbei names to Han names, Chinese era name, Courtier, Crown prince, Cui Hao, Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms), Datong, Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei, De jure, Deportation, Dugu (surname), Eastern Wei, Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei, Emperor Gong of Western Wei, Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei, Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei, Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei, Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei, Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi, Emperor Wu of Han, Emperor Wu of Liang, Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei, Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou, Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei, Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei, Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei, Emperor Zhao of Han, Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei), Equal-field system, Erzhu Rong, Former Qin, Former Yan, Former Zhao, Fu Jian (337–385), Gao Huan, Han Chinese, Hanfu, Hebei, History of the Northern Dynasties, Hohhot, Husi Chun, Jacques Gernet, ..., Jin dynasty (265–420), Jinping Commandery, Juqu Mujian, Kou Qianzhi, Later Yan, Later Zhao, Liang dynasty, Liu Song dynasty, Longmen Grottoes, Luoyang, Maitreya, Middle Binyang Cave, Musée Cernuschi, Northern and Southern dynasties, Northern Liang, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, Nurse empress dowager, Posthumous name, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, Rouran Khaganate, Shandong, Shanxi, Sinicization, Six Frontier Towns, Southern Qi, Stele, Sui dynasty, Taihang Mountains, Tang dynasty, Taoism, The Northern Celestial Masters, Tiele people, Tokyo National Museum, Tuoba, Tuoba Shiyijian, Tuoba Yilu, Tuoba Yu, Western Wei, Wet nurse, William John Francis Jenner, Xianbei, Xiao Baoyin, Xiongnu, Yan Hui, Ye (Hebei), Yellow River, Yonggu Mausoleum, Yuan Hao, Yuan Lang, Yuan Ye, Yuan Zhao, Yungang Grottoes, Yuwen Hu, Yuwen Tai, Zizhi Tongjian. Expand index (56 more) »
Aristocracy
Aristocracy (Greek ἀριστοκρατία aristokratía, from ἄριστος aristos "excellent", and κράτος kratos "power") is a form of government that places strength in the hands of a small, privileged ruling class.
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Battle of Fei River
The Battle of Fei River or “Feishui” was a battle in 383, where Fu Jiān of the Di Former Qin Empire was decisively defeated by the numerically inferior Jin (Han Chinese-led) army of Eastern Jin.
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Book of Wei
The Book of Wei, also known by its Chinese name as the Wei Shu, is a classic Chinese historical text compiled by Wei Shou from 551 to 554, and is an important text describing the history of the Northern Wei and Eastern Wei from 386 to 550.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Chang'an
Chang'an was an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an.
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Change of Xianbei names to Han names
The change of Xianbei family names to Han names was part of a larger sinicization campaign.
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Chinese era name
A Chinese era name is the regnal year, reign period, or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese rulers.
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Courtier
A courtier is a person who is often in attendance at the court of a monarch or other royal personage.
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Crown prince
A crown prince is the male heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.
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Cui Hao
Cui Hao (崔浩) (died 450 CE), courtesy name Boyuan (伯淵), was a prime minister of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)
Dai, also formerly spelled Tai, was a state of the Xianbei clan of Tuoba, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
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Datong
Datong is a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China.
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Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei
The unnamed daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei (12 February 528 – ?) was briefly the emperor of Northern Wei (386–534), a Xianbei dynasty that ruled Northern China from the late fourth to the early sixth century AD.
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De jure
In law and government, de jure (lit) describes practices that are legally recognised, whether or not the practices exist in reality.
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Deportation
Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country.
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Dugu (surname)
Dugu (獨孤) was a Chinese compound surname of Xianbei/Xiongnu origin.
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Eastern Wei
The Eastern Wei followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 534 to 550. As with Northern Wei, the ruling family of Eastern Wei were members of the Tuoba clan of the Xianbei. In 534 Gao Huan, the potentate of the eastern half of what was Northern Wei territory following the disintegration of the Northern Wei dynasty installed Yuan Shanjian a descendant of the Northern Wei as ruler of Eastern Wei. Yuan Shanjian was a puppet ruler as the real power lay in the hands of Gao Huan. Several military campaigns were launched against the neighboring Western Wei in an attempt to reunify the territory once held by the Northern Wei, however these campaigns were not successful, and in 547 Gao Huan died. His sons Gao Cheng and Gao Yang were able to pursue his policy of controlling the emperor, but in 550 Gao Yang deposed Yuan Shanjian and founded his own dynasty, the Northern Qi.
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Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei
Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei ((北)魏道武帝) (371–409), personal name Tuoba Gui (拓拔珪), né Tuoba Shegui (拓拔渉珪), was the founding emperor of the Northern Wei.
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Emperor Gong of Western Wei
Emperor Gong of Western Wei ((西)魏恭帝) (537–557), personal name né Yuan Kuo (元廓), later changed to Tuoba Kuo (拓拔廓), was the last emperor of the Western Wei -- a rump state of and successor to Northern Wei.
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Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei
Emperor Jiemin of Northern Wei ((北)魏節閔帝) (498 – 21 June 532), also known as Emperor Qianfei (前廢帝), at times referred to by pre-ascension title Prince of Guangling (廣陵王), personal name Yuan Gong (元恭), courtesy name Xiuye (脩業), was an emperor of Northern Wei.
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Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei
Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei ((北)魏明元帝) (392–423 AD), personal name Tuoba Si (拓拔嗣), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei
Emperor Taiwu of Northern Wei ((北)魏太武帝) (408–452), personal name Tuoba Tao (拓拔燾), nickname Bili (佛貍), was an emperor of Northern Wei.
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Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei
Emperor Wencheng of Northern Wei ((北)魏文成帝) (440–465), personal name Tuoba Jun (拓拔濬), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi
Emperor Wenxuan of (Northern) Qi ((北)齊文宣帝) (526–559), personal name Gao Yang (高洋, Wade–Giles: Kao Yang), courtesy name Zijin (子進), was the first emperor of the Northern Qi.
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Emperor Wu of Han
Emperor Wu of Han (30 July 157BC29 March 87BC), born Liu Che, courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty of China, ruling from 141–87 BC.
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Emperor Wu of Liang
Emperor Wu of Liang (梁武帝) (464–549), personal name Xiao Yan (蕭衍), courtesy name Shuda (叔達), nickname Lian'er (練兒), was the founding emperor of the Liang Dynasty of Chinese history.
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Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei
Emperor Xianwen of Northern Wei ((北)魏獻文帝) (454–476), personal name Tuoba Hong, was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei
Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei ((東)魏孝靜帝) (524–552), personal name Yuan Shanjian (元善見), was the only emperor of the Eastern Wei – a branch successor state to Northern Wei.
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Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou
Emperor Xiaomin of Northern Zhou ((北)周孝閔帝) (542–557), personal name Yuwen Jue (宇文覺), nickname Tuoluoni (陀羅尼), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou (although he used the alternative title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang). He was the heir of Western Wei's paramount general Yuwen Tai, and after Yuwen Tai's death in 556, his cousin Yuwen Hu, serving as his guardian, forced Emperor Gong of Western Wei to yield the throne to Yuwen Jue in spring 557, establishing Northern Zhou. Later in 557, however, Yuwen Jue, wanting to assume power personally, plotted to kill Yuwen Hu, who in turn deposed him and replaced him with his brother Yuwen Yu (Emperor Ming). Later that year, Yuwen Hu had Yuwen Jue executed.
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Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei
Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝明帝) (510 – March 31, 528), personal name Yuan Xu (元詡), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei (386–535).
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Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei
Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝文帝) (October 13, 467 – April 26, 499), personal name né Tuoba Hong (拓拔宏), later Yuan Hong (元宏), or Toba Hung II, was an emperor of the Northern Wei from September 20, 471 to April 26, 499.
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Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei
Emperor Xiaowu of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝武帝) (510 – February 3, 535), personal name Yuan Xiu (元脩 or 元修), courtesy name Xiaoze (孝則), at times known as Emperor Chu (出帝, "the emperor who fled"), was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei
Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei (507–531), personal name Yuan Ziyou, was an emperor of China of the Northern Wei, a Xianbei dynasty. He was placed on the throne by General Erzhu Rong, who refused to recognize the young emperor, Yuan Zhao, who Empress Dowager Hu had placed on the throne after she poisoned her son Emperor Xiaoming. During his reign, General Erzhu largely controlled the military and acted in a violent manner, leading Emperor Xiaozhuang to believe that he would usurp the throne. In 530, Emperor Xiaozhuang ambushed General Erzhu and killed him in the palace, but his cousin Erzhu Shilong and nephew Erzhu Zhao subsequently captured and killed Xiaozhuang.
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Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei
Xuanwu (483 – February 9, 515) was an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty of Northern Wei (499-515).
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Emperor Zhao of Han
Emperor Zhao of Han (94 BC – 5 June 74 BC), born Liu Fuling, was the emperor of the Western Han dynasty from 87 to 74 BC.
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Empress Dowager Hu (Northern Wei)
Empress Dowager Hu (胡太后, personal name unknown) (died 17 May 528), formally Empress Ling (靈皇后, literally "the unattentive empress"), was an empress dowager of the nomadic dynasty Northern Wei (515-528).
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Equal-field system
The equal-field system or land-equalization system was a historical system of land ownership and distribution in China used from the Six Dynasties to mid-Tang dynasty.
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Erzhu Rong
Erzhu Rong (爾朱榮) (493 – November 1, 530), courtesy name Tianbao (天寶), formally Prince Wu of Jin (晉武王), was a general of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Former Qin
The Former Qin (351-394) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in eastern Asia, mainly China.
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Former Yan
The Former Yan (337-370) was a state of Xianbei ethnicity during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
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Former Zhao
The Han Zhao (304–329), or Former Zhao, or Northern Han (北漢), was a Southern Xiongnu state during Sixteen Kingdoms period coeval with the Chinese Jin Dynasty (265-420).
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Fu Jian (337–385)
Fú Jiān (337–385), courtesy name Yonggu (永固) or Wenyu (文玉), formally Emperor Xuanzhao of (Former) Qin ((前)秦宣昭帝), was an emperor (who, however, used the title "Heavenly Prince" (Tian Wang) during his reign) of the Chinese/Di state Former Qin, under whose rule (assisted by his able prime minister Wang Meng) the Former Qin state reached its greatest glory—destroying Former Yan, Former Liang, and Dai and seizing Jin's Yi Province (modern Sichuan and Chongqing), posturing to destroy Jin as well to unite China, until he was repelled at the Battle of Fei River in 383.
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Gao Huan
Gao Huan (496–547), courtesy name Heliuhun (賀六渾), formally Prince Xianwu of Qi (齊獻武王), later further formally honored by Northern Qi initially as Emperor Xianwu (獻武皇帝), then as Emperor Shenwu (神武皇帝) with the temple name Gaozu (高祖), was the Han Chinese paramount general of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei and Northern Wei's branch successor state Eastern Wei.
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Han Chinese
The Han Chinese,.
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Hanfu
Hanfu is a term associated with the Hanfu movement used to refer to the historical/traditional dress of the Han people.
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Hebei
Hebei (postal: Hopeh) is a province of China in the North China region.
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History of the Northern Dynasties
The History of the Northern Dynasties (Běishǐ) is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon.
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Hohhot
Hohhot, abbreviated in Chinese as Hushi, formerly known as Kweisui, is the capital of Inner Mongolia in the north of the People's Republic of China, serving as the region's administrative, economic and cultural center.
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Husi Chun
Husi Chun (斛斯椿) (495–537), courtesy name Fashou (法壽), formally Prince Wenxuan of Changshan (常山文宣王), was a general and official of the Chinese/Xianbei state Northern Wei and Northern Wei's branch successor state Western Wei.
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Jacques Gernet
Jacques Gernet (22 December 1921, Algiers, French Algeria – 3 March 2018, Vannes) was an eminent French sinologist of the second half of the 20th century.
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Jin dynasty (265–420)
The Jin dynasty or the Jin Empire (sometimes distinguished as the or) was a Chinese dynasty traditionally dated from 266 to 420.
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Jinping Commandery
Jinping Commandery was the territory of Baekje that was in Liaoxi of China which appeared in history books of Southern dynasties of China such as Book of Song, Book of Liang and Book of Qi.
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Juqu Mujian
Juqu Mujian (before 420 – 447), named Juqu Maoqian (沮渠茂虔) in some sources, formally Prince Ai of Hexi (河西哀王), was a king of the Xiongnu state Northern Liang—with most Chinese historians considering him the last king, although with some considering his brothers Juqu Wuhui and Juqu Anzhou to be kings of the state as well.
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Kou Qianzhi
Kou Qianzhi (365–448) was a Taoist reformer who reenvisioned many of the ceremonies and rites of the Way of the Celestial Master form of Taoism and reformulated its theology into a new movement known as The Northern Celestial Masters.
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Later Yan
The Later Yan (384-407 or 409) was a Murong–Xianbei state, located in modern-day northeast China, during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
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Later Zhao
The Later Zhao (319-351) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms during the Jin Dynasty (265-420) in China.
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Liang dynasty
The Liang dynasty (502–557), also known as the Southern Liang dynasty (南梁), was the third of the Southern Dynasties during China's Southern and Northern Dynasties period.
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Liu Song dynasty
The Song dynasty, better known as the Liu Song dynasty (420–479 CE;; Wade-Giles: Liu Sung), also known as Former Song (前宋) or Southern Song (南宋), was the first of the four Southern Dynasties in China, succeeding the Eastern Jin and followed by the Southern Qi.
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Longmen Grottoes
The Longmen Grottoes (literally Dragon's Gate Grottoes) or Longmen Caves are some of the finest examples of Chinese Buddhist art.
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Luoyang
Luoyang, formerly romanized as Loyang, is a city located in the confluence area of Luo River and Yellow River in the west of Henan province.
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Maitreya
Maitreya (Sanskrit), Metteyya (Pali), is regarded as a future Buddha of this world in Buddhist eschatology.
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Middle Binyang Cave
Middle Binyang Cave is cave number 140 at the Longmen Grottoes near Luoyang, Henan, China.
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Musée Cernuschi
The Musée Cernuschi (Cernuschi Museum) is an Asian art museum, specialising in works from China, Japan, and Korea, located at 7 avenue Vélasquez, near Parc Monceau, in Paris, France.
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Northern and Southern dynasties
The Northern and Southern dynasties was a period in the history of China that lasted from 420 to 589, following the tumultuous era of the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Wu Hu states.
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Northern Liang
The Northern Liang (397-439) was a state of the Sixteen Kingdoms in China.
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Northern Qi
The Northern Qi was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577.
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Northern Zhou
The Northern Zhou followed the Western Wei, and ruled northern China from 557 to 581 AD.
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Nurse empress dowager
Nurse empress dowager (Chinese language: 保太后; pinyin Bǎo Tàihòu) was an honorific title given to emperors' wet nurses during the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in East Asia after the person's death, and is used almost exclusively instead of one's personal name or other official titles during his life.
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Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary
Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary is a large American dictionary, first published in 1966 as The Random House Dictionary of the English Language: The Unabridged Edition.
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Rouran Khaganate
The Rouran Khaganate, Ruanruan, Ruru, or Tantan was the name of a state established by proto-Mongols, from the late 4th century until the middle 6th century.
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Shandong
Shandong (formerly romanized as Shantung) is a coastal province of the People's Republic of China, and is part of the East China region.
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Shanxi
Shanxi (postal: Shansi) is a province of China, located in the North China region.
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Sinicization
Sinicization, sinicisation, sinofication, or sinification is a process whereby non-Chinese societies come under the influence of Chinese culture, particularly Han Chinese culture and societal norms.
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Six Frontier Towns
The Six Frontier Towns (Traditional Chinese:六鎮; Simplified Chinese:六镇), also known as Northern Frontier Towns (北镇), refers to six military towns in the Hetao region that Northern Wei government built during Huangshi era and Yanhe era to prevent the southward invasion by Rouran.
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Southern Qi
The Southern Qi (479-502) was the second of the Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Liang Dynasty.
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Stele
A steleAnglicized plural steles; Greek plural stelai, from Greek στήλη, stēlē.
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Sui dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance.
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Taihang Mountains
The Taihang Mountains are a Chinese mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau in Shanxi, Henan and Hebei provinces.
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Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
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Taoism
Taoism, also known as Daoism, is a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (also romanized as ''Dao'').
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The Northern Celestial Masters
The Northern Celestial Masters type of the Way of the Celestial Master Daoist movement existed in the north of China during the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
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Tiele people
The Tiele (Turkic *Tegreg " Carts"), also transliterated Chile, Gaoche, or Tele, were a confederation of nine Turkic peoples living to the north of China and in Central Asia, emerging after the disintegration of the confederacy of the Xiongnu.
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Tokyo National Museum
The, or TNM, established in 1872, is the oldest Japanese national museum, the largest art museum in Japan and one of the largest art museums in the world.
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Tuoba
No description.
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Tuoba Shiyijian
Tuoba Shiyijian (320–376) was the last prince of the Tuoba Dai and ruled from 338 to 376 when Dai was conquered by the Former Qin.
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Tuoba Yilu
Tuoba Yilu (died 316) was the chieftain of the western Tuoba territory from 295 to 307, supreme chieftain of the Tuoba from 307 to 316, Duke of Dai from 310 to 315, and first ruler of the Dai kingdom from 315 to 316.
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Tuoba Yu
Tuoba Yu (拓拔余) (died 452), formally Prince Yin of Nan'an (南安隱王), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Western Wei
The Western Wei followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 535 to 557.
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Wet nurse
A wet nurse is a woman who breast feeds and cares for another's child.
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William John Francis Jenner
William (Bill) John Francis Jenner (born 1940) is an English sinologist, specialising in Chinese history and culture, and translator of Chinese literature.
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Xianbei
The Xianbei were proto-Mongols residing in what became today's eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China.
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Xiao Baoyin
Xiao Baoyin (蕭寶寅) (487–530), courtesy name Zhiliang (智亮), was an imperial prince of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi.
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Xiongnu
The Xiongnu were a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD.
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Yan Hui
Yan Hui (–481 BC) was the favorite disciple of Confucius and one of the most revered figures of Confucianism.
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Ye (Hebei)
Ye or Yecheng was an ancient Chinese city located in what is now Linzhang County, Handan, Hebei province and neighbouring Anyang, Henan province.
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Yellow River
The Yellow River or Huang He is the second longest river in Asia, after the Yangtze River, and the sixth longest river system in the world at the estimated length of.
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Yonggu Mausoleum
The Yonggu Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Empress Feng (442-490), formally Empress Wenming and the wife of Emperor Wencheng of the Northern Wei dynasty of Chinese history.
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Yuan Hao
Yuan Hao (元顥) (died 529), courtesy name Ziming (子明, known in the West as "El Chinese Democracy") was an imperial prince and pretender to the throne of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei, who briefly received allegiance from most of the provinces south of the Yellow River after he captured the capital Luoyang with support of neighboring Liang Dynasty.
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Yuan Lang
Yuan Lang (元朗) (513–532), courtesy name Zhongzhe (仲哲), frequently known by his post-removal title of Prince of Anding (安定王), at times known as Emperor Houfei (後廢帝, "later removed emperor"), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Yuan Ye
Yuan Ye (元曄) (509 – 532), courtesy name Huaxing (華興), nickname Penzi (盆子), often known as the Prince of Changguang (長廣王), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Yuan Zhao
Yuan Zhao (元釗) (526 – May 17, 528), also known in history as Youzhu (幼主, literally "the young lord"), was briefly an emperor of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei.
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Yungang Grottoes
The Yungang Grottoes, formerly the Wuzhoushan Grottoes, are ancient Chinese Buddhist temple grottoes near the city of Datong in the province of Shanxi.
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Yuwen Hu
Yuwen Hu (宇文護) (513–572), courtesy name Sabao (薩保, also a title, which can be traced back to sartpāw “caravan leader”, but was used as given name, in many cases by Buddhists - referring to the metaphorical meaning of wise leader), formally Duke Dang of Jin (晉蕩公), was a regent of the Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou in China.
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Yuwen Tai
Yuwen Tai (507–556), nickname Heita (黑獺), formally Duke Wen of Anding (安定文公), later further posthumously honored by Northern Zhou initially as Prince Wen (文王) then as Emperor Wen (文皇帝) with the temple name Taizu (太祖), was the paramount general of the Chinese/Xianbei state Western Wei, a branch successor state of Northern Wei.
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Zizhi Tongjian
The Zizhi Tongjian is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography, published in 1084, in the form of a chronicle.
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Redirects here:
Bei Wei, Beiwei, Emperor of Northern Wei, Empress of Northern Wei, Later Wei, North Wei, Northern Wei Dynasty, Northern Wei Empire, Northern Wei dynasty, Northern Wei period, T'o pa dynasty, T'o-pa Wei, Toba state, Tuoba Empire, Tuoba Wei, Tuoba dynasty, T’o-pa Wei, Yuan Wei, 北魏.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Wei
