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165 relations: Accusative case, Active voice, Acute accent, Adjective, Affection (linguistics), Agreement (linguistics), Allomorph, Allophone, Alphabet, Alveolar consonant, Ancient Greek, Approximant consonant, Arabic, Auraicept na n-Éces, Book of Armagh, Book of Leinster, Breton language, Cambrai Homily, Celtic languages, Celtic Rite, Clitic, Close vowel, Co-occurrence, Compensatory lengthening, Conditional mood, Consonant, Continuant, Coronal consonant, D. A. Binchy, Dative case, Declension, Dental consonant, Dependent and independent verb forms, Diacritic, Dictionary of the Irish Language, Digraph (orthography), Diphthong, Dot (diacritic), Dual (grammatical number), Early Irish literature, Flap consonant, Florence, Fortis and lenis, Fricative consonant, Fusional language, Future tense, Gaulish language, Genitive case, Germanic languages, Gloss (annotation), ..., Glottal consonant, Goidelic languages, Goidelic substrate hypothesis, Gothic language, Government (linguistics), Grammatical aspect, Grammatical case, Grammatical conjugation, Grammatical gender, Grammatical mood, Grammatical number, Grammatical particle, Grammatical person, Grammatical tense, Hiatus (linguistics), Hiberno-Scottish mission, Imperative mood, Imperfective aspect, Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-European languages, Infix, Inflection, Insular Celtic languages, Interlinear gloss, Irish initial mutations, Irish language, Isle of Man, Italic languages, Karlsruhe, Labial consonant, Lateral consonant, Latin, Latin alphabet, Latin script, Lebor na hUidre, Lenition, Letter (alphabet), Manuscript, Manx language, Mid vowel, Middle Irish, Milan, Monophthong, Mora (linguistics), Morphology (linguistics), Nasal consonant, Nasalization, Nominative case, Nominative–accusative language, Obstruent, Ogham, Old English, Open vowel, Orthography, Osborn Bergin, Palatalization (phonetics), Passive voice, Past tense, Pauline epistles, Perfective aspect, Personal pronoun, Phoneme, Phonetics, Phonological change, Phonology, Plural, Portmanteau, Preposition and postposition, Prepositional case, Present tense, Preverb, Primitive Irish, Priscian, Proto-Celtic language, Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European nominals, Proto-Indo-European verbs, Psalms, Realis mood, Reichenau Island, Relative clause, Romance languages, Rudolf Thurneysen, Sandhi, Sankt Paul im Lavanttal, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Semantics, Semitic languages, Slavic languages, Sonorant, Sound change, St. Gallen, Stop consonant, Stowe Missal, Stress (linguistics), Subject (grammar), Subjunctive mood, Suffix, Syllable, Syncope (phonology), Tenseness, Trill consonant, Turin, Umlaut (linguistics), Velar consonant, Velarization, Verb–subject–object, Vocative case, Voice (grammar), Vowel, Vowel length, Würzburg, Welsh language, Word stem. Expand index (115 more) »
Accusative case
The accusative case (abbreviated) of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a transitive verb.
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Active voice
Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's languages.
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Acute accent
The acute accent (´) is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts.
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Adjective
In linguistics, an adjective (abbreviated) is a describing word, the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified.
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Affection (linguistics)
Affection (also known as vowel affection, infection or vowel mutation), in the linguistics of the Celtic languages, is the change in the quality of a vowel under the influence of the vowel of the following final syllable.
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Agreement (linguistics)
Agreement or concord (abbreviated) happens when a word changes form depending on the other words to which it relates.
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Allomorph
In linguistics, an allomorph is a variant form of a morpheme, that is, when a unit of meaning varies in sound without changing the meaning.
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Allophone
In phonology, an allophone (from the ἄλλος, állos, "other" and φωνή, phōnē, "voice, sound") is one of a set of multiple possible spoken sounds, or phones, or signs used to pronounce a single phoneme in a particular language.
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Alphabet
An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) that is used to write one or more languages based upon the general principle that the letters represent phonemes (basic significant sounds) of the spoken language.
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Alveolar consonant
Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets) of the superior teeth.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Approximant consonant
Approximants are speech sounds that involve the articulators approaching each other but not narrowly enough nor with enough articulatory precision to create turbulent airflow.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Auraicept na n-Éces
Auraicept na n-Éces ("the scholars' primer ") is claimed as a 7th-century work of Irish grammarians, written by a scholar named Longarad.
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Book of Armagh
The Book of Armagh or Codex Ardmachanus (ar or 61), also known as the Canon of Patrick and the Liber Ar(d)machanus, is a 9th-century Irish illuminated manuscript written mainly in Latin.
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Book of Leinster
The Book of Leinster (Irish Lebor Laignech), is a medieval Irish manuscript compiled ca.
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Breton language
Breton (brezhoneg or in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic Celtic language spoken in Brittany.
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Cambrai Homily
The Cambrai Homily is the earliest known Irish homily, dating to the 7th or early 8th century.
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Celtic languages
The Celtic languages are a group of related languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic"; a branch of the greater Indo-European language family.
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Celtic Rite
The term "Celtic Rite" is applied to the various liturgical rites used in Celtic Christianity in Britain, Ireland and Brittany and the monasteries founded by St. Columbanus and Saint Catald in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy during the early middle ages.
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Clitic
A clitic (from Greek κλιτικός klitikos, "inflexional") is a morpheme in morphology and syntax that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase.
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Close vowel
A close vowel, also known as a high vowel (in American terminology), is any in a class of vowel sound used in many spoken languages.
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Co-occurrence
In linguistics, co-occurrence or cooccurrence refers to an above-chance frequency of occurrence of two terms (also known as coincidence or concurrence) from a text corpus alongside each other in a certain order.
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Compensatory lengthening
Compensatory lengthening in phonology and historical linguistics is the lengthening of a vowel sound that happens upon the loss of a following consonant, usually in the syllable coda, or of a vowel in an adjacent syllable.
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Conditional mood
The conditional mood (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood used to express a proposition whose validity is dependent on some condition, possibly counterfactual.
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Consonant
In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract.
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Continuant
In phonology, a continuant is a speech sound produced without a complete closure in the oral cavity, namely fricatives, approximants and vowels.
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Coronal consonant
Coronal consonants are consonants articulated with the flexible front part of the tongue.
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D. A. Binchy
Daniel Anthony Binchy (1899–1989) was a scholar of Irish linguistics and Early Irish law.
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Dative case
The dative case (abbreviated, or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate, among other uses, the noun to which something is given, as in "Maria Jacobī potum dedit", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink".
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Declension
In linguistics, declension is the changing of the form of a word to express it with a non-standard meaning, by way of some inflection, that is by marking the word with some change in pronunciation or by other information.
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Dental consonant
A dental consonant is a consonant articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth, such as,,, and in some languages.
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Dependent and independent verb forms
In the Goidelic languages, dependent and independent verb forms are distinct verb forms; each tense of each verb exists in both forms.
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Diacritic
A diacritic – also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or an accent – is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph.
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Dictionary of the Irish Language
Dictionary of the Irish Language: Based Mainly on Old and Middle Irish Materials (also called "the DIL"), published by the Royal Irish Academy, is the definitive dictionary of the origins of the Irish language, specifically the Old Irish and Middle Irish stages; the modern language is not included.
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Digraph (orthography)
A digraph or digram (from the δίς dís, "double" and γράφω gráphō, "to write") is a pair of characters used in the orthography of a language to write either a single phoneme (distinct sound), or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond to the normal values of the two characters combined.
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Diphthong
A diphthong (or; from Greek: δίφθογγος, diphthongos, literally "two sounds" or "two tones"), also known as a gliding vowel, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.
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Dot (diacritic)
When used as a diacritic mark, the term dot is usually reserved for the Interpunct (·), or to the glyphs 'combining dot above' (◌̇) and 'combining dot below' (◌̣) which may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in use in Central European languages and Vietnamese.
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Dual (grammatical number)
Dual (abbreviated) is a grammatical number that some languages use in addition to singular and plural.
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Early Irish literature
Early Irish literature is the oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe.
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Flap consonant
In phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of consonantal sound, which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the tongue) is thrown against another.
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Florence
Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.
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Fortis and lenis
In linguistics, fortis and lenis (Latin for "strong" and "weak"), sometimes identified with '''tense''' and '''lax''', are pronunciations of consonants with relatively greater and lesser energy.
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Fricative consonant
Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together.
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Fusional language
Fusional languages or inflected languages are a type of synthetic languages, distinguished from agglutinative languages by their tendency to use a single inflectional morpheme to denote multiple grammatical, syntactic, or semantic features.
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Future tense
In grammar, a future tense (abbreviated) is a verb form that generally marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future.
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Gaulish language
Gaulish was an ancient Celtic language that was spoken in parts of Europe as late as the Roman Empire.
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Genitive case
In grammar, the genitive (abbreviated); also called the second case, is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun.
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Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania, and Southern Africa.
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Gloss (annotation)
A gloss is a brief notation, especially a marginal one or an interlinear one, of the meaning of a word or wording in a text.
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Glottal consonant
Glottal consonants are consonants using the glottis as their primary articulation.
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Goidelic languages
The Goidelic or Gaelic languages (teangacha Gaelacha; cànanan Goidhealach; çhengaghyn Gaelgagh) form one of the two groups of Insular Celtic languages, the other being the Brittonic languages.
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Goidelic substrate hypothesis
The Goidelic substrate hypothesis refers to the hypothesized language or languages spoken in Ireland before the Iron Age arrival of the Goidelic languages.
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Gothic language
Gothic is an extinct East Germanic language that was spoken by the Goths.
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Government (linguistics)
In grammar and theoretical linguistics, government or rection refers to the relationship between a word and its dependents.
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Grammatical aspect
Aspect is a grammatical category that expresses how an action, event, or state, denoted by a verb, extends over time.
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Grammatical case
Case is a special grammatical category of a noun, pronoun, adjective, participle or numeral whose value reflects the grammatical function performed by that word in a phrase, clause or sentence.
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Grammatical conjugation
In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to rules of grammar).
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Grammatical gender
In linguistics, grammatical gender is a specific form of noun class system in which the division of noun classes forms an agreement system with another aspect of the language, such as adjectives, articles, pronouns, or verbs.
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Grammatical mood
In linguistics, grammatical mood (also mode) is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality.
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Grammatical number
In linguistics, grammatical number is a grammatical category of nouns, pronouns, and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one", "two", or "three or more").
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Grammatical particle
In grammar the term particle (abbreviated) has a traditional meaning, as a part of speech that cannot be inflected, and a modern meaning, as a function word associated with another word or phrase to impart meaning.
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Grammatical person
Grammatical person, in linguistics, is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person).
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Grammatical tense
In grammar, tense is a category that expresses time reference with reference to the moment of speaking.
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Hiatus (linguistics)
In phonology, hiatus or diaeresis refers to two vowel sounds occurring in adjacent syllables, with no intervening consonant.
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Hiberno-Scottish mission
The Hiberno-Scottish mission was a series of missions and expeditions initiated by various Irish clerics and cleric-scholars who, for the most part, are not known to have acted in concert.
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Imperative mood
The imperative mood is a grammatical mood that forms a command or request.
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Imperfective aspect
The imperfective (abbreviated or more ambiguously) is a grammatical aspect used to describe a situation viewed with interior composition.
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Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan or Indic languages are the dominant language family of the Indian subcontinent.
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Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family of several hundred related languages and dialects.
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Infix
An infix is an affix inserted inside a word stem (an existing word).
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Inflection
In grammar, inflection or inflexion – sometimes called accidence – is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, and mood.
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Insular Celtic languages
Insular Celtic languages are a group of Celtic languages that originated in Britain and Ireland, in contrast to the Continental Celtic languages of mainland Europe and Anatolia.
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Interlinear gloss
In linguistics and pedagogy, an interlinear gloss is a gloss (series of brief explanations, such as definitions or pronunciations) placed between lines (inter- + linear), such as between a line of original text and its translation into another language.
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Irish initial mutations
Irish, like all modern Celtic languages, is characterized by its initial consonant mutations.
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Irish language
The Irish language (Gaeilge), also referred to as the Gaelic or the Irish Gaelic language, is a Goidelic language (Gaelic) of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish people.
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Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin), also known simply as Mann (Mannin), is a self-governing British Crown dependency in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Italic languages
The Italic languages are a subfamily of the Indo-European language family, originally spoken by Italic peoples.
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Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe (formerly Carlsruhe) is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in southwest Germany, near the French-German border.
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Labial consonant
Labial consonants are consonants in which one or both lips are the active articulator.
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Lateral consonant
A lateral is an l-like consonant in which the airstream proceeds along the sides of the tongue, but it is blocked by the tongue from going through the middle of the mouth.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet or the Roman alphabet is a writing system originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
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Latin script
Latin or Roman script is a set of graphic signs (script) based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, which is derived from a form of the Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabet, used by the Etruscans.
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Lebor na hUidre
Lebor na hUidre or the Book of the Dun Cow (MS 23 E 25) is an Irish vellum manuscript dating to the 12th century.
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Lenition
In linguistics, lenition is a kind of sound change that alters consonants, making them more sonorous.
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Letter (alphabet)
A letter is a grapheme (written character) in an alphabetic system of writing.
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Manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand -- or, once practical typewriters became available, typewritten -- as opposed to being mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way.
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Manx language
No description.
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Mid vowel
A mid vowel (or a true-mid vowel) is any in a class of vowel sounds used in some spoken languages.
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Middle Irish
Middle Irish (sometimes called Middle Gaelic, An Mheán-Ghaeilge) is the Goidelic language which was spoken in Ireland, most of Scotland and the Isle of Man from circa 900-1200 AD; it is therefore a contemporary of late Old English and early Middle English.
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Milan
Milan (Milano; Milan) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,380,873 while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,235,000.
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Monophthong
A monophthong (Greek monóphthongos from mónos "single" and phthóngos "sound") is a pure vowel sound, one whose articulation at both beginning and end is relatively fixed, and which does not glide up or down towards a new position of articulation.
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Mora (linguistics)
A mora (plural morae or moras; often symbolized μ) is a unit in phonology that determines syllable weight, which in some languages determines stress or timing.
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Morphology (linguistics)
In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.
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Nasal consonant
In phonetics, a nasal, also called a nasal occlusive, nasal stop in contrast with a nasal fricative, or nasal continuant, is an occlusive consonant produced with a lowered velum, allowing air to escape freely through the nose.
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Nasalization
In phonetics, nasalization (or nasalisation) is the production of a sound while the velum is lowered, so that some air escapes through the nose during the production of the sound by the mouth.
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Nominative case
The nominative case (abbreviated), subjective case, straight case or upright case is one of the grammatical cases of a noun or other part of speech, which generally marks the subject of a verb or the predicate noun or predicate adjective, as opposed to its object or other verb arguments.
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Nominative–accusative language
Nominative–accusative languages, or nominative languages have a form of morphosyntactic alignment in which subjects of transitive and intransitive verbs are distinguished from objects of transitive verbs by word order, case-marking, and/or verb agreement.
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Obstruent
An obstruent is a speech sound such as,, or that is formed by obstructing airflow.
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Ogham
Ogham (Modern Irish or; ogam) is an Early Medieval alphabet used to write the early Irish language (in the "orthodox" inscriptions, 1st to 6th centuries AD), and later the Old Irish language (scholastic ogham, 6th to 9th centuries).
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Old English
Old English (Ænglisc, Anglisc, Englisc), or Anglo-Saxon, is the earliest historical form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
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Open vowel
An open vowel is a vowel sound in which the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.
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Orthography
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language.
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Osborn Bergin
Osborn Joseph Bergin (26 November 1873 – 6 October 1950) was a scholar of the Irish language and early Irish literature, who discovered Bergin's Law.
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Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization (also) or palatization refers to a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate.
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Passive voice
Passive voice is a grammatical voice common in many languages.
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Past tense
The past tense (abbreviated) is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to place an action or situation in past time.
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Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the 13 New Testament books which have the name Paul (Παῦλος) as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle.
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Perfective aspect
The perfective aspect (abbreviated), sometimes called the aoristic aspect, is a grammatical aspect used to describe an action viewed as a simple whole—a unit without interior composition.
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Personal pronoun
Personal pronouns are pronouns that are associated primarily with a particular grammatical person – first person (as I), second person (as you), or third person (as he, she, it, they).
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Phoneme
A phoneme is one of the units of sound (or gesture in the case of sign languages, see chereme) that distinguish one word from another in a particular language.
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Phonetics
Phonetics (pronounced) is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech, or—in the case of sign languages—the equivalent aspects of sign.
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Phonological change
In historical linguistics, phonological change is any sound change which alters the distribution of phonemes in a language.
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Phonology
Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages.
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Plural
The plural (sometimes abbreviated), in many languages, is one of the values of the grammatical category of number.
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Portmanteau
A portmanteau or portmanteau word is a linguistic blend of words,, p. 644 in which parts of multiple words or their phones (sounds) are combined into a new word, as in smog, coined by blending smoke and fog, or motel, from motor and hotel.
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Preposition and postposition
Prepositions and postpositions, together called adpositions (or broadly, in English, simply prepositions), are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, before) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
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Prepositional case
Prepositional case (abbreviated) and postpositional case (abbreviated) are grammatical cases that respectively mark the object of a preposition and a postposition.
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Present tense
The present tense (abbreviated or) is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in present time.
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Preverb
Although not widely accepted in linguistics, the term preverb is used in Caucasian (including all three families: Northwest Caucasian, Northeast Caucasian and Kartvelian), Caddoan, Athabaskan, and Algonquian linguistics to describe certain elements prefixed to verbs.
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Primitive Irish
Primitive Irish or Archaic Irish (Gaeilge Ársa) is the oldest known form of the Goidelic languages.
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Priscian
Priscianus Caesariensis, commonly known as Priscian, was a Latin grammarian and the author of the Institutes of Grammar which was the standard textbook for the study of Latin during the Middle Ages.
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Proto-Celtic language
The Proto-Celtic language, also called Common Celtic, is the reconstructed ancestor language of all the known Celtic languages.
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Proto-Indo-European language
Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the linguistic reconstruction of the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, the most widely spoken language family in the world.
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Proto-Indo-European nominals
Proto-Indo-European nominals include nouns, adjectives and pronouns.
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Proto-Indo-European verbs
Proto-Indo-European verbs had a complex system, with verbs categorized according to their aspect: stative, imperfective, or perfective.
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Psalms
The Book of Psalms (תְּהִלִּים or, Tehillim, "praises"), commonly referred to simply as Psalms or "the Psalms", is the first book of the Ketuvim ("Writings"), the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.
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Realis mood
A realis mood (abbreviated) is a grammatical mood which is used principally to indicate that something is a statement of fact; in other words, to express what the speaker considers to be a known state of affairs, as in declarative sentences.
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Reichenau Island
Reichenau Island is an island in Lake Constance in southern Germany.
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Relative clause
A relative clause is a kind of subordinate clause that contains the element whose interpretation is provided by an antecedent on which the subordinate clause is grammatically dependent; that is, there is an anaphora relation between the relativized element in the relative clause and antecedent on which it depends.
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Romance languages
The Romance languages (also called Romanic languages or Neo-Latin languages) are the modern languages that began evolving from Vulgar Latin between the sixth and ninth centuries and that form a branch of the Italic languages within the Indo-European language family.
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Rudolf Thurneysen
Eduard Rudolf Thurneysen (March 14, 1857 – 9 August 1940) was a Swiss linguist and Celticist.
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Sandhi
SandhiThe pronunciation of the word "sandhi" is rather diverse among English speakers.
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Sankt Paul im Lavanttal
Sankt Paul im Lavanttal (or Šentpavel) is a municipality of the Wolfsberg district in the Austrian state of Carinthia.
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Sanskrit
Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.
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Scottish Gaelic
Scottish Gaelic or Scots Gaelic, sometimes also referred to simply as Gaelic (Gàidhlig) or the Gaelic, is a Celtic language native to the Gaels of Scotland.
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Semantics
Semantics (from σημαντικός sēmantikós, "significant") is the linguistic and philosophical study of meaning, in language, programming languages, formal logics, and semiotics.
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Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family originating in the Middle East.
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Slavic languages
The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) are the Indo-European languages spoken by the Slavic peoples.
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Sonorant
In phonetics and phonology, a sonorant or resonant is a speech sound that is produced with continuous, non-turbulent airflow in the vocal tract; these are the manners of articulation that are most often voiced in the world's languages.
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Sound change
Sound change includes any processes of language change that affect pronunciation (phonetic change) or sound system structures (phonological change).
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St. Gallen
St. Gallen or traditionally St Gall, in German sometimes Sankt Gallen (St Gall; Saint-Gall; San Gallo; Son Gagl) is a Swiss town and the capital of the canton of St. Gallen.
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Stop consonant
In phonetics, a stop, also known as a plosive or oral occlusive, is a consonant in which the vocal tract is blocked so that all airflow ceases.
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Stowe Missal
The Stowe Missal, which is, strictly speaking, a sacramentary rather than a missal, is an Irish illuminated manuscript written mainly in Latin with some Gaelic in the late eighth or early ninth century, probably after 792.
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Stress (linguistics)
In linguistics, and particularly phonology, stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word, or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence.
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Subject (grammar)
The subject in a simple English sentence such as John runs, John is a teacher, or John was hit by a car is the person or thing about whom the statement is made, in this case 'John'.
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Subjunctive mood
The subjunctive is a grammatical mood (that is, a way of speaking that allows people to express their attitude toward what they are saying) found in many languages.
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Suffix
In linguistics, a suffix (sometimes termed postfix) is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.
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Syllable
A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds.
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Syncope (phonology)
In phonology, syncope (from συγκοπή||cutting up) is the loss of one or more sounds from the interior of a word, especially the loss of an unstressed vowel.
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Tenseness
In phonology, tenseness or tensing is, most broadly, the pronunciation of a sound with greater muscular effort or constriction than is typical.
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Trill consonant
In phonetics, a trill is a consonantal sound produced by vibrations between the active articulator and passive articulator.
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Turin
Turin (Torino; Turin) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy.
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Umlaut (linguistics)
In linguistics, umlaut (from German "sound alteration") is a sound change in which a vowel is pronounced more like a following vowel or semivowel.
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Velar consonant
Velars are consonants articulated with the back part of the tongue (the dorsum) against the soft palate, the back part of the roof of the mouth (known also as the velum).
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Velarization
Velarization is a secondary articulation of consonants by which the back of the tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the consonant.
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Verb–subject–object
In linguistic typology, a verb–subject–object (VSO) language is one in which the most typical sentences arrange their elements in that order, as in Ate Sam oranges (Sam ate oranges).
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Vocative case
The vocative case (abbreviated) is the case used for a noun that identifies a person (animal, object etc.) being addressed or occasionally the determiners of that noun.
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Voice (grammar)
In grammar, the voice of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state) that the verb expresses and the participants identified by its arguments (subject, object, etc.). When the subject is the agent or doer of the action, the verb is in the active voice.
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Vowel
A vowel is one of the two principal classes of speech sound, the other being a consonant.
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Vowel length
In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a vowel sound.
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Würzburg
Würzburg (Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is a city in the region of Franconia, northern Bavaria, Germany.
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Welsh language
Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a member of the Brittonic branch of the Celtic languages.
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Word stem
In linguistics, a stem is a part of a word.
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Redirects here:
Early Irish, Goídelc, ISO 639:sga, Old Gaelic, Old Gaelic language, Old Irish (to 900), Old Irish language, Old Irish language (to 900), Old Irish phonology, Sean-Ghaeilge, Sengoidelc, Sengoídelc.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Irish
