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224 relations: Adam Puza, Adolf Hitler's rise to power, Adrian Mierzejewski, Aleksander Szczygło, Allenstein (region), Andrzej Friszke, Anti-Polish sentiment, Łyna (river), Baden-Württemberg, Basketball in Poland, Battle of Grunwald, Battle of Jena–Auerstedt, Battle of Tannenberg, Beata Bublewicz, Beech, Bielsko-Biała, Bologna, Brick Gothic, Bubonic plague, Bydgoszcz, Calp, Central European Summer Time, Central European Time, Centre-Val de Loire, Châteauroux, Cholera, Ciechanów, City with powiat rights, Civic Platform, Clergy, Concert, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Curt Lowens, Death metal, Democratic Left Alliance, Działdowo, East Prussia, East Prussian plebiscite, 1920, Ełk, Editor-in-chief, Edward Ośko, Erich Mendelsohn, Eugeniusz Geno Malkowski, European Route of Brick Gothic, Evacuation of East Prussia, Feliks Nowowiejski, First Partition of Poland, Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II, FM- and TV-mast Olsztyn-Pieczewo, Food processing, ..., Football in Poland, Franz Justus Rarkowski, Frombork, Gazeta Olsztyńska, Günter Wand, Gdańsk, Gelsenkirchen, German Army (German Empire), German Empire, German town law, Germanisation, Giżycko, Gothic architecture, Gothic Revival architecture, Handball in Poland, Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski, Hectare, Helios (cinemas), Hugo Haase, Hunger War, Iława, Ignacy Krasicki, Impressionism, Income, Independent city, Indre, Industrialisation, Industry, Indykpol AZS Olsztyn, International Theatre Festival DEMOLUDY, Invasion of Poland, Israel, Izabela Trojanowska, Józef Glemp, Jörg Kuebart, Jerzy Gosiewski, Jews, Joanna Jędrzejczyk, Johannes Dantiscus, Johannes Knolleisen, Johannes von Leysen, Julia Marcell, Juliusz Machulski, Kaliningrad, Karl-Heinz Hopp, Königsberg, Köppen climate classification, Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kingdom of Prussia, Kraków, Kristallnacht, Krzysztof Hołowczyc, Kurt Baluses, Lake Ukiel, Law and Justice, League of Polish Families, Leonhard Pohl, Lidia Staroń, Lime (fruit), Lucas David, Lutsk, Małgorzata Jasińska, Mamed Khalidov, Maple, Marcin Kromer, Marian Bublewicz, Mark (currency), Masuria, Masurian Institute, Maximilian Kaller, Mendelsohn House, Michelin, Middle Ages, Mieczysław Aszkiełowicz, Military district (Germany), Napoleon, Nazi concentration camps, Nazi Germany, Nazi Party, Nicolaus Copernicus, North Rhine-Westphalia, Oak, Offenburg, Old Polish language, Old Prussian language, Old Prussians, Olga Desmond, Olsztyn Castle, Olsztyn Voivodeship, Ordensburg, Overprint, Pfennig, Pieniężno, Piotr Wiwczarek, PlusLiga, Poland, Polish language, Polish People's Party, Polish People's Republic, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War, Polish–Swedish wars, Polish–Teutonic War (1519–21), Population density, Potsdam Agreement, Potsdam Conference, Powiat, Poznań, Prince-Bishopric of Warmia, Province of Alicante, Prussia, Prussian Army, Prussian Confederation, Prussica-Sammlung Trunz, Quality of life, Red Army, Redykajny, Richmond, Virginia, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia, Rovaniemi, Royal Prussia, Sarmatism, Sławomir Rybicki, Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Second Polish Republic, Sejm, Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland, Senate of Poland, Siege of Allenstein, Silesian Voivodeship, Sister city, Social Democratic Party of Germany, Socialism, Solaris Bus & Coach, Soviet Union, State of the Teutonic Order, Stębark, Stomil Olsztyn (company), Stomil Olsztyn (football), SV Hindenburg Allenstein, Swedish Empire, Szczecin, Tadeusz Iwiński, Teodor Andrzej Potocki, Teutonic Order, The Holocaust, Thirteen Years' War (1454–66), Tire, Toruń, Tram, Ulrich Schrade, Unification of Germany, Union of Poles in Germany, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Vader (band), Valencian Community, Vehicle registration plates of Poland, Virginia, Voivodeships of Poland, Volleyball in Poland, Warmia, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Warsaw, Warsaw radio mast, Water tower, Wehrmacht, Weimar Republic, Wojciech Grzyb, Wolf Lepenies, World Happiness Report, World War I, World War II, Zbigniew Włodkowski, 1960 Summer Olympics. Expand index (174 more) »
Adam Puza
Adam Puza (born 2 January 1951 in Szarejki) is a Polish politician.
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Adolf Hitler's rise to power
Adolf Hitler's rise to power began in Germany in September 1919 when Hitler joined the political party known as the Deutsche Arbeiterpartei – DAP (German Workers' Party).
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Adrian Mierzejewski
Adrian Mierzejewski (Polish pronunciation:; born 6 November 1986) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for the Australian A-League team Sydney FC.
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Aleksander Szczygło
Aleksander Marek Szczygło (27 October 1963 – 10 April 2010) was a Polish politician.
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Allenstein (region)
Regierungsbezirk Allenstein was a Regierungsbezirk, or government region, of the Prussian province of East Prussia from 1905 until 1945.
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Andrzej Friszke
Prof.
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Anti-Polish sentiment
Polonophobia, anti-Polonism, antipolonism, and anti-Polish sentiment are terms for a variety of hostile attitudes and acts toward Polish persons and culture.
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Łyna (river)
The Łyna (- Lava), is a river in northern Poland's Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship as well as in Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast.
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Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is a state in southwest Germany, east of the Rhine, which forms the border with France.
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Basketball in Poland
Basketball in Poland.
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Battle of Grunwald
The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War.
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Battle of Jena–Auerstedt
The twin battles of Jena and Auerstedt (older name: Auerstädt) were fought on 14 October 1806 on the plateau west of the River Saale in today's Germany, between the forces of Napoleon I of France and Frederick William III of Prussia.
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Battle of Tannenberg
The Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russia and Germany between the 26th and 30th of August 1914, the first month of World War I. The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army and the suicide of its commanding general, Alexander Samsonov.
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Beata Bublewicz
Beata Bublewicz (born 26 February 1975 in Olsztyn) is a Polish politician.
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Beech
Beech (Fagus) is a genus of deciduous trees in the family Fagaceae, native to temperate Europe, Asia, and North America.
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Bielsko-Biała
Bielsko-Biała (Bílsko-Bělá; Bielitz-Biala) is a city in Southern Poland with the population of approximately 174,000 (December 2013).
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Bologna
Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.
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Brick Gothic
Brick Gothic (Backsteingotik, Gotyk ceglany, Baksteengotiek) is a specific style of Gothic architecture common in Northwest and Central Europe especially in the regions in and around the Baltic Sea, which do not have resources of standing rock, but in many places a lot of glacial boulders.
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Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz (Bromberg; Bydgostia) is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers.
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Calp
Calp (Calpe) is a coastal town located in the ''comarca'' of Marina Alta, in the province of Alicante, Valencian Community, Spain, by the Mediterranean Sea.
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Central European Summer Time
Central European Summer Time (CEST), sometime referred also as Central European Daylight Time (CEDT), is the standard clock time observed during the period of summer daylight-saving in those European countries which observe Central European Time (UTC+1) during the other part of the year.
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Central European Time
Central European Time (CET), used in most parts of Europe and a few North African countries, is a standard time which is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
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Centre-Val de Loire
Centre-Val de Loire ("Centre-Loire Valley") is one of the 18 administrative regions of France.
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Châteauroux
Châteauroux is the capital of the Indre department in central France and the second-largest town in the province of Berry, after Bourges.
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Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
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Ciechanów
Ciechanów (German: Zichenau) is a city in north-central Poland with 45,900 inhabitants (2006).
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City with powiat rights
A city county (Miasto na prawach powiatu, lit. city with powiat rights) is a city in Poland that has the status of a county (powiat).
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Civic Platform
Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska, PO)The party is officially the Civic Platform of the Republic of Poland (Platforma Obywatelska Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej).
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Clergy
Clergy are some of the main and important formal leaders within certain religions.
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Concert
A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience.
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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego, Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae), commonly known as the Polish Crown or simply the Crown, is the common name for the historic (but unconsolidated) Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including Poland proper.
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Curt Lowens
Curt Lowens (17 November 1925 – 8 May 2017) was an actor of the stage and in feature films and television, as well as a Holocaust survivor and a rescuer who saved about 150 Jewish children during the Holocaust.
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Death metal
Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal music.
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Democratic Left Alliance
Democratic Left Alliance (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD) is a social-democratic political party in Poland.
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Działdowo
Działdowo (Soldau) is a town in north-central Poland with 24,830 inhabitants (2006), the capital of Działdowo County.
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East Prussia
East Prussia (Ostpreußen,; Prusy Wschodnie; Rytų Prūsija; Borussia orientalis; Восточная Пруссия) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.
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East Prussian plebiscite, 1920
The East Prussia(n) plebiscite (Abstimmung in Ostpreußen), also known as the Allenstein and Marienwerder plebiscite or Warmia, Masuria and Powiśle plebiscite (Plebiscyt na Warmii, Mazurach i Powiślu), was a plebiscite for self-determination of the regions southern Warmia (Ermland), Masuria (Mazury, Masuren) and Powiśle, which had been in parts of the East Prussian Government Region of Allenstein and of West Prussian Government Region of Marienwerder, in accordance with Articles 94 to 97 of the Treaty of Versailles.
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Ełk
Ełk (Old Prussian: Luks; Lukas; before 1939 rendered in Polish as Łęg or Łęk) is a town in northeastern Poland with 61,156 inhabitants.
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Editor-in-chief
An editor-in-chief, also known as lead editor, chief editor, managing or executive editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies.
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Edward Ośko
Edward Ośko (born January 13, 1957 in Podebłocie) is a Polish politician.
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Erich Mendelsohn
Erich Mendelsohn (21 March 1887 – 15 September 1953) was a Jewish German architect, known for his expressionist architecture in the 1920s, as well as for developing a dynamic functionalism in his projects for department stores and cinemas.
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Eugeniusz Geno Malkowski
Eugeniusz Geno Małkowski (5 September 1942 – 20 August 2016) was a Polish painter.
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European Route of Brick Gothic
The European Route of Brick Gothic (EuRoB) is a tourist route connecting cities with Brick Gothic architecture in three countries along the Baltic Sea: Denmark, Germany and Poland.
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Evacuation of East Prussia
The evacuation of East Prussia was the movement of the German civilian population and military personnel from East Prussia between 20 January 1945 and March 1945, that was initially carried out by state authorities but later evolved into a chaotic flight from the Red Army.
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Feliks Nowowiejski
Feliks Nowowiejski (7 February 1877 – 18 January 1946) was a Polish composer, conductor, concert organist, and music teacher.
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First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.
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Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II
The flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland was the largest of a series of flights and expulsions of Germans in Europe during and after World War II.
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FM- and TV-mast Olsztyn-Pieczewo
The FM- and TV-mast Olsztyn-Pieczewo (also known as Maszt RTCN Olsztyn-Pieczewo) is a tall guyed mast for FM and TV situated at Olsztyn-Pieczewo in Poland (Geographical Coordinates: The FM- and TV-mast Olsztyn-Pieczewo, which was built in 1969, is since the collapse of the Warsaw radio mast, the tallest structure in Poland.
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Food processing
Food processing is the transformation of cooked ingredients, by physical or chemical means into food, or of food into other forms.
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Football in Poland
Football is the most popular sport in Poland.
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Franz Justus Rarkowski
Franz Justus Rarkowski, S.M. (June 8, 1873 – February 9, 1950Catholic-Hierarchy. "".) was the Catholic military bishop of Nazi Germany.
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Frombork
Frombork is a town in northern Poland, on the Vistula Lagoon, in Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
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Gazeta Olsztyńska
Gazeta Olsztyńska (English: Olsztyn Daily) is a Polish language newspaper, published in Olsztyn.
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Günter Wand
Günter Wand (January 7, 1912, in Elberfeld, Germany – February 14, 2002, in Ulmiz near Bern, Switzerland) was a German orchestra conductor and composer.
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Gdańsk
Gdańsk (Danzig) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast.
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Gelsenkirchen
Gelsenkirchen is a city in the North Rhine-Westphalia state of Germany.
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German Army (German Empire)
The Imperial German Army (Deutsches Heer) was the name given to the combined land and air forces of the German Empire (excluding the Marine-Fliegerabteilung maritime aviation formations of the Imperial German Navy).
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German Empire
The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.
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German town law
The German town law (Deutsches Stadtrecht) or German municipal concerns (Deutsches Städtewesen) was a set of early town privileges based on the Magdeburg rights developed by Otto I. The Magdeburg Law became the inspiration for regional town charters not only in Germany, but also in Central and Eastern Europe who modified it during the Middle Ages.
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Germanisation
Germanisation (also spelled Germanization) is the spread of the German language, people and culture or policies which introduced these changes.
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Giżycko
Giżycko (Lėcius; former Lec) is a town in northeastern Poland with 29,796 inhabitants (2004).
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Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that flourished in Europe during the High and Late Middle Ages.
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Gothic Revival architecture
Gothic Revival (also referred to as Victorian Gothic or neo-Gothic) is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England.
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Handball in Poland
Handball is a popular team sport in Poland.
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Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski
Hans-Jürgen Wischnewski (24 July 1922 – 24 February 2005) was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD).
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Hectare
The hectare (SI symbol: ha) is an SI accepted metric system unit of area equal to a square with 100 meter sides, or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land.
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Helios (cinemas)
"HELIOS" S.A. is a multiplex cinema operator in Poland, established in 1992.
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Hugo Haase
Hugo Haase (29 September 1863 – 7 November 1919) was a German socialist politician, jurist and pacifist.
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Hunger War
The Hunger War or Famine War was a brief conflict between the allied Kingdom of Poland, and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, against the Teutonic Knights in summer 1414 in an attempt to resolve territorial disputes.
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Iława
Iława (Deutsch Eylau) is a town in northeastern Poland with 32,276 inhabitants (2010).
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Ignacy Krasicki
Ignacy Krasicki (3 February 173514 March 1801), from 1766 Prince-Bishop of Warmia (in German, Ermland) and from 1795 Archbishop of Gniezno (thus, Primate of Poland), was Poland's leading Enlightenment poet"Ignacy Krasicki", Encyklopedia Polski (Encyclopedia of Poland), p. 325.
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Impressionism
Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement characterised by relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes, open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage of time), ordinary subject matter, inclusion of movement as a crucial element of human perception and experience, and unusual visual angles.
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Income
Income is the consumption and savings opportunity gained by an entity within a specified timeframe, which is generally expressed in monetary terms.
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Independent city
An independent city or independent town is a city or town that does not form part of another general-purpose local government entity (such as a county).
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Indre
Indre is a department in central France named after the river Indre.
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Industrialisation
Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.
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Industry
Industry is the production of goods or related services within an economy.
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Indykpol AZS Olsztyn
Indykpol AZS Olsztyn is a Polish volleyball club, based in Olsztyn, which plays in the Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS).
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International Theatre Festival DEMOLUDY
International Theatre Festival DEMOLUDY is organized by Jaracza Theatre in Olsztyn, Poland.
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Invasion of Poland
The Invasion of Poland, known in Poland as the September Campaign (Kampania wrześniowa) or the 1939 Defensive War (Wojna obronna 1939 roku), and in Germany as the Poland Campaign (Polenfeldzug) or Fall Weiss ("Case White"), was a joint invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
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Izabela Trojanowska
Izabela Ludwika Trojanowska (born Izabela Ludwika Schütz; 22 April 1955) is a Polish singer and film actress, best known for her 1980 hits "Tyle samo prawd ile kłamstw" and "Wszystko czego dziś chcę", as well as her acting in the popular Polish soap opera Klan.
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Józef Glemp
Józef Glemp (18 December 192923 January 2013) was a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Jörg Kuebart
Jörg Kuebart (2 September 1934 – 14 February 2018) was a retired German general of the German Air Force.
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Jerzy Gosiewski
Jerzy Gosiewski (born November 20, 1952 in Maków Mazowiecki) is a Polish politician.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Joanna Jędrzejczyk
Joanna Jędrzejczyk (born August 18, 1987) is a Polish mixed martial artist and former Muay Thai kickboxer who competes in the women's strawweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship.
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Johannes Dantiscus
Johannes Dantiscus, (Johann(es) von Höfen-Flachsbinder, Jan Dantyszek; 1 October 1485 – 27 October 1548) was prince-bishop of Warmia and Bishop of Chełmno (Culm).
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Johannes Knolleisen
Johannes Knolleisen (died 1511) was a German theological professor.
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Johannes von Leysen
Johannes von Leysen (also Leyssen, Laissen, Layß, Jan z Łajs; 1310 – 1388) was the first mayor of Allenstein (Polish: Olsztyn), Warmia in Prussia (now in Poland) in 1353.
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Julia Marcell
Julia Marcell (born 1982) is a Polish singer-songwriter and pianist.
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Juliusz Machulski
Juliusz Machulski (born 10 March 1955 in Olsztyn) is a Polish film director and screenplay writer.
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Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad (p; former German name: Königsberg; Yiddish: קעניגסבערג, Kenigsberg; r; Old Prussian: Twangste, Kunnegsgarbs, Knigsberg; Polish: Królewiec) is a city in the administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Poland and Lithuania on the Baltic Sea.
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Karl-Heinz Hopp
Karl-Heinz Hopp (20 November 1936 – 11 February 2007) was a German rower who competed for the United Team of Germany in the 1960 Summer Olympics.
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Königsberg
Königsberg is the name for a former German city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.
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Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.
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Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania joined in a personal union established by the Union of Krewo (1385).
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Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht (lit. "Crystal Night") or Reichskristallnacht, also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, Reichspogromnacht or simply Pogromnacht, and Novemberpogrome (Yiddish: קרישטאָל נאַכט krishtol nakt), was a pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938, carried out by SA paramilitary forces and German civilians.
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Krzysztof Hołowczyc
Krzysztof Hołowczyc (born 4 June 1962 in Olsztyn, Poland) is a Polish rally driver.
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Kurt Baluses
Kurt Baluses (30 June 1914, Allenstein, East Prussia – 28 March 1972, Ludwigsburg) was a German football player and manager.
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Lake Ukiel
Lake Ukiel (or Krzywe Lake - informal name) is a lake in Poland which is located on Pojezierze Olsztyńskie, in the northwest part of Olsztyn, between district Dajtki, Gutkowo i Likusy.
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Law and Justice
Law and Justice (Polish), abbreviated to PiS, is a national-conservative, and Christian democratic political party in Poland.
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League of Polish Families
The League of Polish Families (Polish: Liga Polskich Rodzin, LPR) is a nationalist conservative political party in Poland, part of the Catholic-National Movement and with many elements of far-right ideology.
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Leonhard Pohl
Leonhard "Leo" Pohl (July 18, 1929 – April 23, 2014) was a German athlete who mainly competed in the 100 metres.
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Lidia Staroń
Lidia Staroń (born June 7, 1960 in Morąg) is a Polish politician.
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Lime (fruit)
A lime (from French lime, from Arabic līma, from Persian līmū, "lemon") is a hybrid citrus fruit, which is typically round, lime green, in diameter, and contains acidic juice vesicles.
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Lucas David
Lucas (or Lukas) David (1503 – April 1583) was a German historian, who from ca.
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Lutsk
Lutsk (Luc'k,, Łuck, Luck) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine.
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Małgorzata Jasińska
Małgorzata Jasińska (born 18 January 1984) is a female professional racing cyclist from Poland.
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Mamed Khalidov
Mamed Khalidov (mɐˈmʲɛt maɣɔmʲɛdɔvʲit͡ʂ xɐˈlʲidəf; Mamed Chalidow; born 17 July 1980 in Grozny) is a Russian-born Polish mixed martial artist of Chechen ethnicity, competing in the Middleweight division of Polish MMA promotion KSW.
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Maple
Acer is a genus of trees or shrubs commonly known as maple.
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Marcin Kromer
Marcin Kromer (Latin: Martinus Cromerus; 11 November 1512 – 23 March 1589) was Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland), a Polish cartographer, diplomat and historian in the Kingdom of Poland and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Marian Bublewicz
Marian Bublewicz (August 25, 1950 – 20 February 1993) was Polish rally and racing driver of 80s born in Olsztyn, the home of Rally Poland.
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Mark (currency)
The mark was a currency or unit of account in many nations.
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Masuria
Masuria (Masuren, Masurian: Mazurÿ) is a region in northern Poland famous for its 2,000 lakes.
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Masurian Institute
The Masurian Institute (Polish: Instytut Mazurski) in Olsztyn is a scientific research institution established in 1943 during World War II in the Nazi occupied Poland in Radość near Warsaw by the underground Masurian Union (Związek Mazurski), since 1945 the headquarters moved to Olsztyn, the main city of the Masurian movement.
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Maximilian Kaller
Maximilian Kaller (10 October 1880 – 7 July 1947) was Roman Catholic Bishop of Ermland (Warmia) in East Prussia from 1930–1947, however, de facto expelled since mid-August 1945 he served as special bishop for the homeland-expellees until his death.
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Mendelsohn House
The Mendelsohn House (Dom Mendelsohna) is a former Jewish Tahara house (Bet Tahara) in Olsztyn (Allenstein), Poland, today used as a center for intercultural dialogue.
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Michelin
Michelin (full name: SCA Compagnie Générale des Établissements Michelin) is a French tyre manufacturer based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne région of France.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Mieczysław Aszkiełowicz
Mieczysław Aszkiełowicz (born January 12, 1957 in Olsztyn) is a Polish politician.
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Military district (Germany)
During World War II, Germany had a system of military districts (Wehrkreis) to relieve field commanders of as much administrative work as possible and to provide a regular flow of trained recruits and supplies to the Field Army.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Nazi concentration camps
Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nazi Party
The National Socialist German Workers' Party (abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and supported the ideology of Nazism.
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Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik; Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, likely independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.
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North Rhine-Westphalia
North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen,, commonly shortened to NRW) is the most populous state of Germany, with a population of approximately 18 million, and the fourth largest by area.
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Oak
An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus (Latin "oak tree") of the beech family, Fagaceae.
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Offenburg
Offenburg ("open borough" - coat of arms showing open gates; Fr. Offenbourg) is a city located in the state of Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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Old Polish language
Old Polish language (język staropolski) is the period in the history of the Polish language between the 9th and the 16th centuries, followed by the Middle Polish language.
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Old Prussian language
Old Prussian is an extinct Baltic language once spoken by the Old Prussians, the Baltic peoples of Prussia (not to be confused with the later and much larger German state of the same name)—after 1945 northeastern Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia and southernmost part of Lithuania.
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Old Prussians
Old Prussians or Baltic Prussians (Old Prussian: Prūsai; Pruzzen or Prußen; Pruteni; Prūši; Prūsai; Prusowie; Prësowié) refers to the indigenous peoples from a cluster of Baltic tribes that inhabited the region of Prussia.
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Olga Desmond
Olga Desmond (born Olga Sellin 2 November 1890 in Allenstein in East Prussia (now Olsztyn, Poland); died 2 August 1964 in Berlin) was a German dancer and actress.
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Olsztyn Castle
Castle of Warmian Bishops in Olsztyn is a castle built in the fourteenth-century in the Gothic architectural style.
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Olsztyn Voivodeship
Olsztyn Voivodeship was an administrative division and unit of local government in Poland in the years 1945-75, and a new territorial division between 1975–1998, superseded by Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
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Ordensburg
Ordensburgs (plural in German: Ordensburgen, literally: castles of orders) were fortresses built by crusading German military orders during the Middle Ages.
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Overprint
An overprint is an additional layer of text or graphics added to the face of a postage stamp, banknote or postal stationery after it has been printed.
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Pfennig
The pfennig (. pfennigs or; symbol Pf. or ₰) or penny is a former German coin or note, which was official currency from the 9th century until the introduction of the euro in 2002.
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Pieniężno
Pieniężno is a town on the Wałsza River in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in Poland.
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Piotr Wiwczarek
Piotr Wiwczarek (born 22 October 1965 in Olsztyn, Poland), also known as Peter, (ex nickname Behemoth) is a Polish musician who is the vocalist and lead guitarist for the death metal band Vader, as the only constant member of the band since its inception.
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PlusLiga
PlusLiga (PlusLiga Siatkarzy), is the highest level of men's volleyball in Poland, a professional league competition for volleyball clubs located in this country.
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.
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Polish People's Party
The Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, abbreviated to PSL (traditionally translated as Polish Peasants' Party), often shortened to ludowcy ('the populars') is an agrarian and Christian democratic political party in Poland. It has 14 members of the Sejm and four Members of the European Parliament. It was the junior partner in a coalition with Civic Platform. It is a member of the European People's Party and the European People's Party group in the European Parliament. The party was formed in 1990 as a left-wing party. The PSL formed a coalition with the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) after winning 132 seats in the Sejm at the 1993 election, with PSL leader Waldemar Pawlak as Prime Minister until 1995. The party fell to 27 at the next election, and moved towards the centre at the end of the 1990s. In 2001, the party re-entered a coalition with the SLD, but withdrew in 2003. After the 2007 election, the PSL entered a coalition with the centre-right Civic Platform (PO). The party's name traces its tradition to an agrarian party in Austro-Hungarian-controlled Galician Poland, which sent MPs to the parliament in Vienna. Until the 2014 local election, the PSL formed self-government coalition in fifteen to sixteen regional assemblies.
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Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.
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Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
The Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War or Great War occurred between 1409 and 1411, pitting the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania against the Teutonic Knights.
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Polish–Swedish wars
The Polish–Swedish Wars were a series of wars between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden.
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Polish–Teutonic War (1519–21)
The Polish–Teutonic War of 1519–1521 (Reiterkrieg, horsemen's war, Wojna pruska, Prussian War) was fought between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Knights, ending with an armistice in April 1521.
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Population density
Population density (in agriculture: standing stock and standing crop) is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; it is a quantity of type number density.
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Potsdam Agreement
The Potsdam Agreement (Potsdamer Abkommen) was the August 1945 agreement between three of the Allies of World War II, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Soviet Union.
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Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference (Potsdamer Konferenz) was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945.
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Powiat
A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural: powiaty) is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture (LAU-1, formerly NUTS-4) in other countries.
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Poznań
Poznań (Posen; known also by other historical names) is a city on the Warta River in west-central Poland, in the Greater Poland region.
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Prince-Bishopric of Warmia
The Prince-Bishopric of Warmia (Biskupie Księstwo Warmińskie, Fürstbistum Ermland) was a semi-independent ecclesiastical state, ruled by the incumbent ordinary of the Ermland/Warmia see and comprising one third of the then diocesan area.
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Province of Alicante
Alicante, or Alacant, is a province of eastern Spain, in the southern part of the Valencian Community.
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Prussia
Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.
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Prussian Army
The Royal Prussian Army (Königlich Preußische Armee) served as the army of the Kingdom of Prussia.
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Prussian Confederation
The Prussian Confederation (Preußischer Bund, Związek Pruski) was an organization formed on 21 February 1440 at Marienwerder by a group of 53 nobles and clergy and 19 cities in Prussia, to oppose the arbitrariness of the Teutonic Knights.
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Prussica-Sammlung Trunz
The Prussica-Sammlung Trunz (the formal title can be informally translated as the "Prussianica Collection Trunz") is a collection of over 40,000 books about former German territories in Eastern and Central Europe, mainly Prussia.
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Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is the general well-being of individuals and societies, outlining negative and positive features of life.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Redykajny
Redykajny (Redigkainen) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Dywity, within Olsztyn County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
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Richmond, Virginia
Richmond is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Warmia (Archidiecezja warmińska, Erzdiözese Ermland) is a Metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Poland.
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Rovaniemi
Rovaniemi is a city and municipality of Finland.
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Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia (Prusy Królewskie; Königlich-Preußen or Preußen Königlichen Anteils, Królewsczé Prësë) or Polish PrussiaAnton Friedrich Büsching, Patrick Murdoch.
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Sarmatism
Sarmatism (or Sarmatianism) is an ethno-cultural concept with a shade of politics designating the formation of an idea of Poland's origin from Sarmatians within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Sławomir Rybicki
Sławomir Rybicki (born June 23, 1960 in Gdańsk) is a Polish politician.
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Second Peace of Thorn (1466)
The Peace of Thorn of 1466 (Zweiter Friede von Thorn; drugi pokój toruński) was a peace treaty signed in the Hanseatic city of Thorn (Toruń) on 19 October 1466 between the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon on one side, and the Teutonic Knights on the other.
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Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (1918–1939).
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Sejm
The Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is the lower house of the Polish parliament.
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Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland (Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, SRP) is a populist, agrarian, and nationalist political party and trade union in Poland.
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Senate of Poland
The Senate (Senat) is the upper house of the Polish parliament, the lower house being the 'Sejm'.
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Siege of Allenstein
The Siege of Allenstein or the Siege of Olsztyn took place from January 1521 to February 1521, during the Polish–Teutonic War (1519–21).
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Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province (województwo śląskie), Woiwodschaft Schlesien) is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centered on the historic region known as Upper Silesia (Górny Śląsk), with Katowice serving as its capital. Despite the Silesian Voivodeship's name, most of the historic Silesia region lies outside the present Silesian Voivodeship — divided among Lubusz, Lower Silesian, and Opole Voivodeships — while the eastern half of Silesian Voivodeship (and, notably, Częstochowa in the north) was historically part of Lesser Poland. The Voivodeship was created on 1 January 1999 out of the former Katowice, Częstochowa and Bielsko-Biała Voivodeships, pursuant to the Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. It is the most densely populated voivodeship in Poland and within the area of 12,300 squared kilometres, there are almost 5 million inhabitants. It is also the largest urbanised area in Central and Eastern Europe. In relation to economy, over 13% of Poland’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is generated here, making the Silesian Voivodeship one of the wealthiest provinces in the country.
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Sister city
Twin towns or sister cities are a form of legal or social agreement between towns, cities, counties, oblasts, prefectures, provinces, regions, states, and even countries in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.
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Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, SPD) is a social-democratic political party in Germany.
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Socialism
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Solaris Bus & Coach
Solaris Bus & Coach S.A. is a Polish multinational bus, coach, trolleybus and tram manufacturer based in Bolechowo near Poznań, Poland.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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State of the Teutonic Order
The State of the Teutonic Order (Staat des Deutschen Ordens; Civitas Ordinis Theutonici), also called Deutschordensstaat or Ordensstaat in German, was a crusader state formed by the Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order during the 13th century Northern Crusades along the Baltic Sea.
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Stębark
Stębark (Tannenberg) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grunwald, within Ostróda County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
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Stomil Olsztyn (company)
Stomil Olsztyn was a tyre manufacturer based in Olsztyn, Poland.
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Stomil Olsztyn (football)
OKS Stomil Olsztyn is a Polish football club based in Olsztyn, Poland.
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SV Hindenburg Allenstein
SV Hindenburg Allenstein was a German football club from the city of Allenstein, East Prussia (now Olsztyn, Poland).
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Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire (Stormaktstiden, "Great Power Era") was a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries.
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Szczecin
Szczecin (German and Swedish Stettin), known also by other alternative names) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major seaport and Poland's seventh-largest city. As of June 2011, the population was 407,811. Szczecin is located on the Oder, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin is adjacent to the town of Police and is the urban centre of the Szczecin agglomeration, an extended metropolitan area that includes communities in the German states of Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The city's recorded history began in the 8th century as a Slavic Pomeranian stronghold, built at the site of the Ducal castle. In the 12th century, when Szczecin had become one of Pomerania's main urban centres, it lost its independence to Piast Poland, the Duchy of Saxony, the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark. At the same time, the House of Griffins established themselves as local rulers and the population was Christianized. After the Treaty of Stettin in 1630, the town came under the control of the Swedish Empire and became in 1648 the Capital of Swedish Pomerania until 1720, when it was acquired by the Kingdom of Prussia and then the German Empire. Following World War II Stettin became part of Poland, resulting in expulsion of the German population. Szczecin is the administrative and industrial centre of West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the site of the University of Szczecin, Pomeranian Medical University, Maritime University, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Art Academy, and the see of the Szczecin-Kamień Catholic Archdiocese. From 1999 onwards, Szczecin has served as the site of the headquarters of NATO's Multinational Corps Northeast. Szczecin was a candidate for the European Capital of Culture in 2016.
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Tadeusz Iwiński
Tadeusz Iwiński (pronounced; born October 28, 1944 in Piastów) is a Polish politician.
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Teodor Andrzej Potocki
Teodor Andrzej Potocki (13 February 1664 – 12 December 1738) was a Polish nobleman (szlachcic), Primate of Poland, interrex in 1733.
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Teutonic Order
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.
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The Holocaust
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.
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Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)
The Thirteen Years' War (Dreizehnjähriger Krieg; wojna trzynastoletnia), also called the War of the Cities, was a conflict fought in 1454–66 between the Prussian Confederation, allied with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and the State of the Teutonic Order.
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Tire
A tire (American English) or tyre (British English; see spelling differences) is a ring-shaped component that surrounds a wheel's rim to transfer a vehicle's load from the axle through the wheel to the ground and to provide traction on the surface traveled over.
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Toruń
Toruń (Thorn) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River.
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Tram
A tram (also tramcar; and in North America streetcar, trolley or trolley car) is a rail vehicle which runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets, and also sometimes on a segregated right of way.
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Ulrich Schrade
Ulrich Schrade (July 21, 1943 in Patricken / East Prussia (now Patryki, Poland) – November 15, 2009 in Warsaw, Poland) was a philosopher, educationist and ethicist.
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Unification of Germany
The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred on 18 January 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France.
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Union of Poles in Germany
Union of Poles in Germany (Związek Polaków w Niemczech, Bund der Polen in Deutschland e.V.) is an organisation of the Polish minority in Germany, founded in 1922.
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University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
The University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn was established on 1 September 1999, in accordance with the new Statute of Sejm signed by the President of the Republic of Poland, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, as well as the Minister of National Education, Mirosław Handke, in August of the same year.
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Vader (band)
Vader is a Polish death metal band from Olsztyn.
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Valencian Community
The Valencian Community, or the Valencian Country, is an autonomous community of Spain.
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Vehicle registration plates of Poland
Vehicle registration plates of Poland indicate the region of registration of the vehicle encoded in the number plate.
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Virginia
Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.
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Voivodeships of Poland
A województwo (plural: województwa) is the highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, corresponding to a "province" in many other countries.
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Volleyball in Poland
Volleyball in Poland is a popular team sport.
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Warmia
Warmia (Warmia, Latin: Varmia,, Old Prussian: Wārmi, Varmė) is a historical region in northern Poland.
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Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship or Warmia-Masuria Province or Warmia-Mazury Province (in Województwo warmińsko-mazurskie,.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.
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Warsaw radio mast
The Warsaw Radio Mast was the world's tallest structure from 1974 until its collapse on 8 August 1991.
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Water tower
A water tower is an elevated structure supporting a water tank constructed at a height sufficient to pressurize a water supply system for the distribution of potable water, and to provide emergency storage for fire protection.
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Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".
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Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933.
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Wojciech Grzyb
Wojciech Grzyb (born 4 January 1981) is a Polish volleyball player, a member of Poland men's national volleyball team and Polish club Trefl Gdańsk, silver medalist of the World Championship 2006, double Polish Champion (2012, 2013).
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Wolf Lepenies
Wolf Lepenies (born 11 January 1941) is a German sociologist, political scientist, and author.
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World Happiness Report
The World Happiness Report is an annual publication of the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network which contains rankings of national happiness and analysis of the data from various perspectives.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Zbigniew Włodkowski
Zbigniew Włodkowski (born April 30, 1961 in Pisz) is a Polish politician.
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1960 Summer Olympics
The 1960 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad (Italian: Giochi della XVII Olimpiade), was an international multi-sport event that was held from August 25 to September 11, 1960, in Rome, Italy.
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Redirects here:
Allenstein, Alnasteini, Coat of Arms of Olsztyn, Flag of Olsztyn, History of Olsztyn, Olzstyn.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olsztyn
