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136 relations: Aachen, Aénor de Châtellerault, Abdication, Adolf of Altena, Aimery I, Viscount of Châtellerault, Alps, Ancona, Apulia, Archbishop of Cologne, Argentan, Baltic region, Battle of Bouvines, Battle of Roche-au-Moine, Beatrice of Swabia, Bologna, Braunschweig, Brunswick Cathedral, Calabria, Catholic Church, Cologne, Concordat of Worms, Count of Poitiers, Cumberland, Danes, Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard, Dictionary of National Biography, Diet of Nuremberg, Dipold, Count of Acerra, Duchy of Spoleto, Duchy of Swabia, Earl of York, Edward Smedley, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Empress Matilda, Ermengarde, Countess of Maine, Ernst Kantorowicz, Exarchate of Ravenna, Excommunication, Family tree of the German monarchs, Fourth Council of the Lateran, Frankfurt, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, Fulk, King of Jerusalem, Gebhard of Supplinburg, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou, Gertrude of Brunswick, Gertrude of Süpplingenburg, Golden bull, Harzburg, Hedwig of Formbach, ..., Henry I of England, Henry I, Duke of Brabant, Henry II of England, Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria, Henry the Lion, Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, Henry X, Duke of Bavaria, Henry, Margrave of Frisia, Hohenstaufen, Holstein, Holy Roman Emperor, Holy Roman Empire, House of Welf, Imperial Regalia, Irene Angelina, Iron Crown of Lombardy, John, King of England, Judith of Flanders (died 1095), King of Italy, King of Jerusalem, King of the Romans, Kingdom of Bohemia, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Sicily, Konstanz, List of German monarchs, List of kings of Burgundy, List of monarchs of Sicily, List of rulers of Bavaria, List of rulers of Saxony, Livonia, Loire, Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor, Lothian, Louis the Pious, Low Countries, Magdeburg, Magnus, Duke of Saxony, Mainz, March of Ancona, March of Tuscany, Margaret of Scotland, Countess of Kent, Maria of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress, Matilda of Boulogne, Duchess of Brabant, Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony, Matilda of Scotland, Matilda of Tuscany, Milan, Modena, Monza, Normandy, Northumberland, Old St. Peter's Basilica, Ottokar I of Bohemia, Pavia, Pentapolis, Perugia, Philip II of France, Philip of Swabia, Philippa, Countess of Toulouse, Pisa, Pope, Pope Innocent III, Propitiation, Richard I of England, Richenza of Northeim, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Poitiers, Roman Catholic Diocese of Limoges, Roman Catholic Diocese of Périgueux, Rome, Sophia of Hungary, Spoleto, Third Crusade, Tuscan League, Valdemar II of Denmark, Verona, Viterbo, Wassenberg, Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, William the Lion, William X, Duke of Aquitaine, Wulfhilde of Saxony. Expand index (86 more) »
Aachen
Aachen or Bad Aachen, French and traditional English: Aix-la-Chapelle, is a spa and border city.
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Aénor de Châtellerault
Aénor of Châtellerault (also known as Aénor de Rochefoucauld) Duchess of Aquitaine (born c. 1103 in Châtellerault, died March 1130 in Talmont) was the mother of Eleanor of Aquitaine, who arguably became the most powerful woman in Europe of her generation.
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Abdication
Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority.
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Adolf of Altena
Adolf of Altena, Adolf of Berg or Adolf of Cologne, (c. 1157 – 15 April 1220 in Neuss) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1193 to 1205.
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Aimery I, Viscount of Châtellerault
Aimery I de Rouchefoucould (– 7 November 1151), was the Viscount of Châtellerault and father of Aenor de Châtellerault.
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Alps
The Alps (Alpes; Alpen; Alpi; Alps; Alpe) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe,The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia.
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Ancona
Ancona ((elbow)) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region in central Italy, with a population of around 101,997.
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Apulia
Apulia (Puglia; Pùglia; Pulia; translit) is a region of Italy in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto to the south.
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Archbishop of Cologne
The Archbishop of Cologne is an archbishop representing the Archdiocese of Cologne of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany and was ex officio one of the electors of the Holy Roman Empire, the Elector of Cologne, from 1356 to 1801.
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Argentan
Argentan is a commune and the seat of two cantons and of an arrondissement in the Orne department in northwestern France.
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Baltic region
The terms Baltic region, Baltic Rim countries (or simply Baltic Rim), and the Baltic Sea countries refer to slightly different combinations of countries in the general area surrounding the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe.
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Battle of Bouvines
The Battle of Bouvines, was a medieval battle fought on 27 July 1214 near the town of Bouvines in the County of Flanders.
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Battle of Roche-au-Moine
The Battle of Roche-au-Moine was a battle between the Kingdom of France and the Kingdom of England in 1214.
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Beatrice of Swabia
Beatrice or Beatrix of Swabia (April/June 1198 – 11 August 1212), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was Holy Roman Empress and German Queen in 1212 as the first wife of the Welf emperor Otto IV.
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Bologna
Bologna (Bulåggna; Bononia) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.
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Braunschweig
Braunschweig (Low German: Brunswiek), also called Brunswick in English, is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, north of the Harz mountains at the farthest navigable point of the Oker river which connects it to the North Sea via the Aller and Weser rivers.
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Brunswick Cathedral
Brunswick Cathedral (Dom St., lit. in Blaise and John the Baptist) is a large Lutheran church in the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany.
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Calabria
Calabria (Calàbbria in Calabrian; Calavría in Calabrian Greek; Καλαβρία in Greek; Kalavrì in Arbëresh/Albanian), known in antiquity as Bruttium, is a region in Southern Italy.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Cologne
Cologne (Köln,, Kölle) is the largest city in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the fourth most populated city in Germany (after Berlin, Hamburg, and Munich).
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Concordat of Worms
The Concordat of Worms (Concordatum Wormatiense), sometimes called the Pactum Calixtinum by papal historians, was an agreement between Pope Callixtus II and Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor on September 23, 1122, near the city of Worms.
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Count of Poitiers
Among the people who have borne the title of Count of Poitiers (or Poitou, in what is now France but in the Middle Ages became part of Aquitaine) are.
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Cumberland
Cumberland is a historic county of North West England that had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974.
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Danes
Danes (danskere) are a nation and a Germanic ethnic group native to Denmark, who speak Danish and share the common Danish culture.
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Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard
Dangereuse de l'Isle Bouchard (Poitevin: Dangerosa; 1079-1151) was the daughter of Bartholomew of l'Île-Bouchard.
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Dictionary of National Biography
The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published from 1885.
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Diet of Nuremberg
The Diets of Nuremberg, also called the Imperial Diets of Nuremberg, took place at different times between the Middle Ages and the 17th century.
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Dipold, Count of Acerra
Dipold (died after 1221), known in German as Diepold (or Dietpold) von Schweinspünt, was a ministerialis who was raised to the Duchy of Spoleto in 1209.
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Duchy of Spoleto
The Duchy of Spoleto (Italian: Ducato di Spoleto, Latin: Dŭcā́tus Spōlḗtĭī) was a Lombard territory founded about 570 in central Italy by the Lombard dux Faroald.
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Duchy of Swabia
The Duchy of Swabia (German: Herzogtum Schwaben) was one of the five stem duchies of the medieval German kingdom.
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Earl of York
The title Earl of York or Yorkshire was created twice in the Kingdom of England before the title Duke of York was granted to Edmund of Langley, the fourth surviving son of King Edward III, in 1348.
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Edward Smedley
Edward Smedley (1788–1836) was an English clergyman known as a miscellaneous writer.
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Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor of Aquitaine (Aliénor d'Aquitaine, Éléonore,; 1124 – 1 April 1204) was queen consort of France (1137–1152) and England (1154–1189) and duchess of Aquitaine in her own right (1137–1204).
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Empress Matilda
Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 110210 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was the claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy.
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Ermengarde, Countess of Maine
Ermengarde or Erembourg of Maine, also known as Erembourg de la Flèche (died 1126), was Countess of Maine and the Lady of Château-du-Loir from 1110 to 1126.
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Ernst Kantorowicz
Ernst Hartwig Kantorowicz (May 3, 1895 – September 9, 1963) was a German-American historian of medieval political and intellectual history and art, known for his 1927 book Kaiser Friedrich der Zweite on Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, and The King's Two Bodies (1957) on medieval and early modern ideologies of monarchy and the state.
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Exarchate of Ravenna
The Exarchate of Ravenna or of Italy (Esarcato d'Italia) was a lordship of the Byzantine Empire in Italy, from 584 to 751, when the last exarch was put to death by the Lombards.
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Excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular receiving of the sacraments.
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Family tree of the German monarchs
The following image is a family tree of every king, monarch, confederation president and emperor of Germany, from Charlemagne in 800 over Louis the German in 843 through to Wilhelm II in 1918.
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Fourth Council of the Lateran
The Fourth Council of the Lateran was convoked by Pope Innocent III with the papal bull Vineam domini Sabaoth of 19 April 1213, and the Council gathered at Rome's Lateran Palace beginning 11 November 1215.
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Frankfurt
Frankfurt, officially the City of Frankfurt am Main ("Frankfurt on the Main"), is a metropolis and the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany.
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Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick II (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250; Fidiricu, Federico, Friedrich) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.
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Fulk, King of Jerusalem
Fulk (Fulco, Foulque or Foulques; c. 1089/92 – 13 November 1143), also known as Fulk the Younger, was the Count of Anjou (as Fulk V) from 1109 to 1129 and the King of Jerusalem from 1131 to his death.
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Gebhard of Supplinburg
Gebhard of Supplinburg (or Süpplingenburg; died 9 June 1075) was a Saxon count in the Eastphalian Harzgau and Nordthüringgau.
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Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
Geoffrey V (24 August 1113 – 7 September 1151) — called the Handsome or the Fair (le Bel) and Plantagenet — was the Count of Anjou, Touraine, and Maine by inheritance from 1129 and then Duke of Normandy by conquest from 1144.
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Gertrude of Brunswick
Gertrud of Brunswick (Gertrud von Braunschweig; – 9 December 1117), was Countess of Katlenburg by marriage to Dietrich II, Count of Katlenburg, Margravine of Frisia by marriage to Henry, Margrave of Frisia, and Margravine of Meissen by marriage to margrave Henry I. She served as regent of the County of Katlenburg during the minority of her son Dietrich III of Katlenburg, and as regent of the County of Northeim during the minority of her son Otto III of Northeim.
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Gertrude of Süpplingenburg
Gertrude of Süpplingenburg (18 April 1115 – 18 April 1143) was Duchess consort of Bavaria from 1127 to 1138, Margravine consort of Tuscany from 1136 to 1139, and Duchess consort of Saxony from 1137 to 1138.
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Golden bull
A golden bull or chrysobull was a decree issued by Byzantine Emperors and later by monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, most notably by the Holy Roman Emperors.
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Harzburg
The Harzburg, also called Große Harzburg ("Great Harz Castle"), is a former imperial castle, situated on the northwestern edge of the Harz mountain range overlooking the spa resort of Bad Harzburg in Goslar District in the state of Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Hedwig of Formbach
Hedwig of Formbach (born around 1058, and died around 1090), was the daughter of Frederick, count of Formbach and of Gertrude of Haldensleben, and heiress to Süpplingenburg Castle.
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Henry I of England
Henry I (c. 1068 – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death.
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Henry I, Duke of Brabant
Henry I of Brabant (Henri I de Brabant, Hendrik I van Brabant; 1165 – 5 September 1235), named "The Courageous", was a member of the House of Reginar and first Duke of Brabant from 1183/84 until his death.
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Henry II of England
Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, ruled as Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Nantes, King of England and Lord of Ireland; at various times, he also partially controlled Wales, Scotland and Brittany.
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Henry IX, Duke of Bavaria
Henry IX (1075 – 13 December 1126), called the Black, a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Bavaria from 1120 to 1126.
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Henry the Lion
Henry the Lion (Heinrich der Löwe; 1129/1131 – 6 August 1195) was a member of the Welf dynasty and Duke of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and Duke of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, the duchies of which he held until 1180.
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Henry V, Count Palatine of the Rhine
Henry V, the Elder of Brunswick (Heinrich der Ältere von Braunschweig; – 28 April 1227), a member of the House of Welf, was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1195 until 1213.
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Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VI (Heinrich VI) (November 1165 – 28 September 1197), a member of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was King of Germany (King of the Romans) from 1190 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1191 until his death.
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Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry VII (German: Heinrich; c. 1275 – 24 August 1313)Kleinhenz, pg.
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Henry X, Duke of Bavaria
Henry the Proud (Heinrich der Stolze) (– 20 October 1139), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Bavaria (as Henry X) from 1126 to 1138 and Duke of Saxony (as Henry II) as well as Margrave of Tuscany and Duke of Spoleto from 1137 until his death.
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Henry, Margrave of Frisia
Henry the Fat (– 1101), also known as Henry of Nordheim or Northeim, was from 1083 Count in Rittigau and Eichsfeld and from 1099 the Margrave of Frisia.
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Hohenstaufen
The Staufer, also known as the House of Staufen, or of Hohenstaufen, were a dynasty of German kings (1138–1254) during the Middle Ages.
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Holstein
Holstein (Northern Low Saxon: Holsteen, Holsten, Latin and historical Holsatia) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider.
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Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor (historically Romanorum Imperator, "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 AD, from Charlemagne to Francis II).
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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House of Welf
The House of Welf (also Guelf or Guelph) is a European dynasty that has included many German and British monarchs from the 11th to 20th century and Emperor Ivan VI of Russia in the 18th century.
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Imperial Regalia
The Imperial Regalia, also Imperial Insignia (in German Reichskleinodien, Reichsinsignien or Reichsschatz), are regalia of the Holy Roman Emperor.
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Irene Angelina
Irene Angelina (Εἰρήνη Ἀγγελίνα; c. 1181 – 27 August 1208), was a Byzantine princess member of the Angelos dynasty and by her two marriages Queen of Sicily in 1193 and Queen of Germany from 1198 to 1208.
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Iron Crown of Lombardy
The Iron Crown of Lombardy (Corona Ferrea; Corona Ferrea Langobardiae) is both a reliquary and one of the oldest royal insignias of Christendom.
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John, King of England
John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216), also known as John Lackland (Norman French: Johan sanz Terre), was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216.
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Judith of Flanders (died 1095)
Judith of Flanders (1030-35 to 5 March 1095) was, by her successive marriages to Tostig Godwinson and Welf I, Countess of Northumbria and Duchess of Bavaria.
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King of Italy
King of Italy (Latin: Rex Italiae; Italian: Re d'Italia) was the title given to the ruler of the Kingdom of Italy after the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
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King of Jerusalem
The King of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusader state founded by Christian princes in 1099 when the First Crusade took the city.
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King of the Romans
King of the Romans (Rex Romanorum; König der Römer) was a title used by Syagrius, then by the German king following his election by the princes from the time of Emperor Henry II (1014–1024) onward.
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Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia, sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom (České království; Königreich Böhmen; Regnum Bohemiae, sometimes Regnum Czechorum), was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czech Republic.
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Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England (French: Royaume d'Angleterre; Danish: Kongeriget England; German: Königreich England) was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the 10th century—when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms—until 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
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Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of France (Royaume de France) was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe.
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Kingdom of Sicily
The Kingdom of Sicily (Regnum Siciliae, Regno di Sicilia, Regnu di Sicilia, Regne de Sicília, Reino de Sicilia) was a state that existed in the south of the Italian peninsula and for a time Africa from its founding by Roger II in 1130 until 1816.
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Konstanz
Konstanz (locally; formerly English: Constance, Czech: Kostnice, Latin: Constantia) is a university city with approximately 83,000 inhabitants located at the western end of Lake Constance in the south of Germany, bordering Switzerland.
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List of German monarchs
This is a list of monarchs who ruled over the German territories of central Europe from the division of the Frankish Empire in 843 (by which a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom was created), until the collapse of the German Empire in 1918.
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List of kings of Burgundy
The following is a list of the kings of the two Kingdoms of Burgundy, and a number of related political entities devolving from Carolingian machinations over family relations.
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List of monarchs of Sicily
The monarchs of Sicily ruled from the establishment of the County of Sicily in 1071 until the "perfect fusion" in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1816.
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List of rulers of Bavaria
The following is a list of rulers during the history of Bavaria.
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List of rulers of Saxony
This article lists dukes, electors, and kings ruling over different territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 9th century to the end of the Saxon Kingdom in 1918.
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Livonia
Livonia (Līvõmō, Liivimaa, German and Scandinavian languages: Livland, Latvian and Livonija, Inflanty, archaic English Livland, Liwlandia; Liflyandiya) is a historical region on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea.
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Loire
The Loire (Léger; Liger) is the longest river in France and the 171st longest in the world.
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Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor
Lothair II or Lothair III (before 9 June 1075 – 4 December 1137), known as Lothair of Supplinburg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 until his death.
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Lothian
Lothian (Lowden; Lodainn) is a region of the Scottish Lowlands, lying between the southern shore of the Firth of Forth and the Lammermuir Hills.
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Louis the Pious
Louis the Pious (778 – 20 June 840), also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of the Franks and co-Emperor (as Louis I) with his father, Charlemagne, from 813.
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Low Countries
The Low Countries or, in the geographic sense of the term, the Netherlands (de Lage Landen or de Nederlanden, les Pays Bas) is a coastal region in northwestern Europe, consisting especially of the Netherlands and Belgium, and the low-lying delta of the Rhine, Meuse, Scheldt, and Ems rivers where much of the land is at or below sea level.
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Magdeburg
Magdeburg (Low Saxon: Meideborg) is the capital city and the second largest city of the state of Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
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Magnus, Duke of Saxony
Magnus (– 23 August 1106) was the duke of Saxony from 1072 to 1106.
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Mainz
Satellite view of Mainz (south of the Rhine) and Wiesbaden Mainz (Mogontiacum, Mayence) is the capital and largest city of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.
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March of Ancona
The March of Ancona (also Anconetana) was a frontier march centred on the city of Ancona and, then, Macerata in the Middle Ages.
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March of Tuscany
The March of Tuscany (Marca di Tuscia) was a frontier march of the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Roman Empire during the Middle Ages.
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Margaret of Scotland, Countess of Kent
Margaret of Scotland (1193–1259) was a princess of Scotland and an English noblewoman.
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Maria of Brabant, Holy Roman Empress
Maria of Brabant (c. 1190 – May/June 1260), a member of the House of Reginar, was Holy Roman Empress and German Queen from 1214 until 1215 as the second and last wife of the Welf emperor Otto IV.
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Matilda of Boulogne, Duchess of Brabant
Matilda of Flanders (1170 – 16 October 1210) was the younger daughter of Matthew, Count of Boulogne and Marie I, Countess of Boulogne.
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Matilda of England, Duchess of Saxony
Matilda of England (Mathilde von England, also called Maud; 6 January 1156 – 28 June 1189) was the eldest daughter of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.
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Matilda of Scotland
Matilda of Scotland (c. 1080 – 1 May 1118), originally christened Edith, was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry I. She acted as regent of England in the absence of her spouse on several occasions.
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Matilda of Tuscany
Matilda of Tuscany (Italian: Matilde di Canossa, Latin: Matilda, Mathilda; 1046 – 24 July 1115) was a powerful feudal Margravine of Tuscany, ruler in northern Italy and the chief Italian supporter of Pope Gregory VII during the Investiture Controversy; in addition, she was one of the few medieval women to be remembered for her military accomplishments, thanks to which she was able to dominate all the territories north of the Church States.
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Milan
Milan (Milano; Milan) is a city in northern Italy, capital of Lombardy, and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome, with the city proper having a population of 1,380,873 while its province-level municipality has a population of 3,235,000.
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Modena
Modena (Mutna; Mutina; Modenese: Mòdna) is a city and comune (municipality) on the south side of the Po Valley, in the Province of Modena in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy.
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Monza
Monza (Mùnscia; Modoetia) is a city and comune on the River Lambro, a tributary of the Po in the Lombardy region of Italy, about north-northeast of Milan.
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Normandy
Normandy (Normandie,, Norman: Normaundie, from Old French Normanz, plural of Normant, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages) is one of the 18 regions of France, roughly referring to the historical Duchy of Normandy.
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Northumberland
Northumberland (abbreviated Northd) is a county in North East England.
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Old St. Peter's Basilica
Old St.
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Ottokar I of Bohemia
Ottokar I (Přemysl I. Otakar; c. 1155 – 1230) was Duke of Bohemia periodically beginning in 1192, then acquired the title King of Bohemia, first in 1198 from Philip of Swabia, later in 1203 from Otto IV of Brunswick and in 1212 from Frederick.
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Pavia
Pavia (Lombard: Pavia; Ticinum; Medieval Latin: Papia) is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po.
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Pentapolis
A pentapolis (from Greek πεντα- penta-, "five" and πόλις polis, "city") is a geographic and/or institutional grouping of five cities.
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Perugia
Perugia (Perusia) is the capital city of both the region of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the river Tiber, and of the province of Perugia.
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Philip II of France
Philip II, known as Philip Augustus (Philippe Auguste; 21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), was King of France from 1180 to 1223, a member of the House of Capet.
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Philip of Swabia
Philip of Swabia (February/March 1177 – 21 June 1208) was a prince of the House of Hohenstaufen and King of Germany from 1198 to 1208.
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Philippa, Countess of Toulouse
Philippa (c. 1073 – 28 November 1118) was the sovereign Countess of Toulouse, as well as the duchess consort of Aquitaine by marriage to Duke William IX of Aquitaine.
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Pisa
Pisa is a city in the Tuscany region of Central Italy straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea.
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Pope
The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III (Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni) reigned from 8 January 1198 to his death in 1216.
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Propitiation
Propitiation, also called expiation, is the act of appeasing or making well-disposed a deity, thus incurring divine favor or avoiding divine retribution.
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Richard I of England
Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death.
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Richenza of Northeim
Richenza of Northeim (c. 1087/1089 – 10 June 1141), a member of the comital House of Northeim, was Duchess of Saxony from 1106, German queen (formally Queen of the Romans) from 1125 and Holy Roman Empress from 1133 until the death of her husband Lothair of Supplinburg in 1137.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Poitiers
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Poitiers (Latin: Archidioecesis Pictaviensis; French: Archidiocèse de Poitiers) is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Limoges
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Limoges (Latin: Dioecesis Lemovicensis; French: Diocèse de Limoges) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France. The diocese comprises the départments of Haute-Vienne and Creuse. After the Concordat of 1801, the See of Limoges lost twenty-four parishes from the district of Nontron which were annexed to the Diocese of Périgueux, and forty-four from the district of Confolens, transferred to the Diocese of Angoulême; but until 1822 it included the entire ancient Diocese of Tulle, when the latter was reorganized. Since 2002, the diocese has been suffragan to the Archdiocese of Poitiers, after transferral from the Archdiocese of Bourges. Until 20 September 2016 the see was held by François Michel Pierre Kalist, who was appointed on 25 Mar 2009. He was promoted to the See of Clermont.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Périgueux
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Périgueux and Sarlat (Latin: Dioecesis Petrocoricensis et Sarlatensis; French: Diocèse de Périgueux et Sarlat) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.
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Rome
Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).
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Sophia of Hungary
Sophia of Hungary (– 18 June 1095), a member of the royal Árpád dynasty, was a Margravine of Istria and Carniola from about 1062 until 1070, by her first marriage with Margrave Ulric I, as well as Duchess of Saxony from 1072 until her death, by her second marriage with Duke Magnus Billung.
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Spoleto
Spoleto (Latin Spoletium) is an ancient city in the Italian province of Perugia in east-central Umbria on a foothill of the Apennines.
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Third Crusade
The Third Crusade (1189–1192), was an attempt by European Christian leaders to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan, Saladin, in 1187.
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Tuscan League
The Tuscan League, also known as the League of San Genesio, was formed on 11 November 1197 at Borgo San Genesio by the chief cities, barons and bishops of the Duchy of Tuscany shortly after the death of the Emperor Henry VI (27 September).
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Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II (9 May 117028 March 1241), called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror (Valdemar Sejr), was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241.
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Verona
Verona (Venetian: Verona or Veròna) is a city on the Adige river in Veneto, Italy, with approximately 257,000 inhabitants and one of the seven provincial capitals of the region.
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Viterbo
Viterbo (Viterbese: Veterbe, Viterbium) is an ancient city and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo.
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Wassenberg
Wassenberg is a town in the district Heinsberg, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Welf I, Duke of Bavaria
Welf I (died 6 November 1101, Paphos, Cyprus) was Duke of Bavaria from 1070 to 1077 and from 1096 to his death.
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William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
William IX (Guilhèm de Peitieus; Guilhem de Poitou Guillaume de Poitiers) (22 October 1071 – 10 February 1127), called the Troubador, was the Duke of Aquitaine and Gascony and Count of Poitou (as William VII) between 1086 and his death.
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William the Lion
William the Lion (Mediaeval Gaelic: Uilliam mac Eanric (i.e. William, son of Henry); Modern Gaelic: Uilleam mac Eanraig), sometimes styled William I, also known by the nickname Garbh, "the Rough",Uilleam Garbh; e.g. Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1214.6; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1213.10.
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William X, Duke of Aquitaine
William X (Guillém X in Occitan) (1099 – 9 April 1137), called the Saint, was Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, and Count of Poitou (as William VIII) from 1126 to 1137.
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Wulfhilde of Saxony
Wulfhilde Billung of Saxony (1072 – 29 December 1126 in Weingarten Abbey) was the eldest daughter of Magnus, Duke of Saxony and his wife, Sophia of Hungary.
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Redirects here:
Emperor Otto IV, Holy Roman emperor Otto IV, Oddo IV, Otto IV, Otto IV (HRR), Otto IV of Brunswick, Otto IV of Germany, Otto IV of Wittelsbach, Otto IV, Holy Roman Empire, Otto, Duke of Brunswick.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
