Outline of artificial intelligence

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to artificial intelligence: Artificial intelligence (AI) – intelligence exhibited by machines or software. ^[1]

Action selection

Action selection is a way of characterizing the most basic problem of intelligent systems: what to do next.

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Activity recognition

Activity recognition aims to recognize the actions and goals of one or more agents from a series of observations on the agents' actions and the environmental conditions.

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Adaptive Behavior (journal)

Adaptive Behavior is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers the field of adaptive behavior in living organisms and autonomous artificial systems.

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Affective computing (sometimes called artificial emotional intelligence, or emotion AI) is the study and development of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects.

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Agent (The Matrix)

Agents are a group of characters in ''The Matrix'' franchise.

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Agent architecture

Agent architecture in computer science is a blueprint for software agents and intelligent control systems, depicting the arrangement of components.

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Agent Smith

Agent Smith is a fictional character and the primary antagonist in ''The Matrix'' franchise.

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AI box

An AI box is a hypothetical isolated computer hardware system where a possibly dangerous artificial intelligence, or AI, is kept constrained in a "virtual prison" and not allowed to manipulate events in the external world.

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AI effect

The AI effect occurs when onlookers discount the behavior of an artificial intelligence program by arguing that it is not real intelligence.

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AI Memo

The AI Memos are a series of influential memorandums and technical reports published by the MIT AI Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States.

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AI takeover

An AI takeover is a hypothetical scenario in which artificial intelligence (AI) becomes the dominant form of intelligence on Earth, with computers or robots effectively taking control of the planet away from the human species.

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AI winter

In the history of artificial intelligence, an AI winter is a period of reduced funding and interest in artificial intelligence research.

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AI-complete

In the field of artificial intelligence, the most difficult problems are informally known as AI-complete or AI-hard, implying that the difficulty of these computational problems is equivalent to that of solving the central artificial intelligence problem—making computers as intelligent as people, or strong AI.

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AIBO

AIBO (stylized aibo, Artificial Intelligence Robot, homonymous with, "pal" or "partner" in Japanese) is a series of robotic pets designed and manufactured by Sony.

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Alan Turing

Alan Mathison Turing (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist.

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Algorithmic probability

In algorithmic information theory, algorithmic probability, also known as Solomonoff probability, is a mathematical method of assigning a prior probability to a given observation.

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Alien (film)

Alien is a 1979 science fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott, and starring Sigourney Weaver, Tom Skerritt, Veronica Cartwright, Harry Dean Stanton, John Hurt, Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto.

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Aliens (film)

Aliens is a 1986 American science fiction action film written and directed by James Cameron, produced by Gale Anne Hurd and starring Sigourney Weaver.

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Allen (robot)

Allen was a robot introduced by Rodney Brooks and his team in the late 1980s, and was their first robot based on subsumption architecture.

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Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence

The Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (abbreviated AI2) is a research institute funded by Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen to achieve scientific breakthroughs by constructing AI systems with reasoning, learning, and reading capabilities.

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Allen Newell

Allen Newell (March 19, 1927 – July 19, 1992) was a researcher in computer science and cognitive psychology at the RAND Corporation and at Carnegie Mellon University’s School of Computer Science, Tepper School of Business, and Department of Psychology.

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Alphabet Inc.

Alphabet Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate headquartered in Mountain View, California.

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Amazon Alexa

Amazon Alexa is a virtual assistant developed by Amazon, first used in the Amazon Echo and the Amazon Echo Dot smart speakers developed by Amazon Lab126.

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Andrew Ng

Andrew Yan-Tak Ng (born 1976) is a Chinese American computer scientist and entrepreneur.

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Android (robot)

An android is a humanoid robot or synthetic organism designed to look and act like a human, especially one with a body having a flesh-like resemblance.

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Angel F

Angel_F is a fictional child artificial intelligence that has been used in worldwide art performances focused on the issues of digital liberties, intellectual property and on the evolution of language and behaviour in information society.

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Anime

Anime is a style of hand-drawn and computer animation originating in, and commonly associated with, Japan.

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Ant colony optimization algorithms

In computer science and operations research, the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) is a probabilistic technique for solving computational problems which can be reduced to finding good paths through graphs.

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Applications of artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence, defined as intelligence exhibited by machines, has many applications in today's society.

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Applications of artificial intelligence to legal informatics

Artificial intelligence and law (AI and law) is a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI) mainly concerned with applications of AI to legal informatics problems and original research on those problems.

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Applied science

Applied science is the application of existing scientific knowledge to practical applications, like technology or inventions.

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Arnold Rimmer

Arnold Judas Rimmer is a fictional character in the science fiction situation comedy Red Dwarf, played by Chris Barrie.

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Arthur C. Clarke

Sir Arthur Charles Clarke (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was a British science fiction writer, science writer and futurist, inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host.

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Artificial brain

An artificial brain (or artificial mind) is software and hardware with cognitive abilities similar to those of the animal or human brain.

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Artificial consciousness

Artificial consciousness (AC), also known as machine consciousness (MC) or synthetic consciousness, is a field related to artificial intelligence and cognitive robotics.

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Artificial general intelligence

Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is the intelligence of a machine that could successfully perform any intellectual task that a human being can.

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Artificial General Intelligence Research Institute

Founded in 2001, the Artificial General Intelligence Research Institute's (AGIRI) mission is to "foster the creation of powerful and ethically positive" artificial general intelligence.

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Artificial immune system

In artificial intelligence, artificial immune systems (AIS) are a class of computationally intelligent, rule-based machine learning systems inspired by the principles and processes of the vertebrate immune system.

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Artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI, also machine intelligence, MI) is intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast to the natural intelligence (NI) displayed by humans and other animals.

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Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute

The Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute (AIAI) at the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh is a non-profit technology transfer organisation that promotes the benefits of the application of Artificial Intelligence research to commercial, industrial, and government organisations worldwide.

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Artificial intelligence arms race

An artificial intelligence arms race is a competition between two or more states to have its military forces equipped with the best "artificial intelligence" (AI).

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Artificial intelligence in fiction

The literature of science fiction and fantasy is extensive and includes many subgenres which includes artificial intelligence as a recurrent theme in science fiction.

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Artificial intelligence in video games

In video games, artificial intelligence is used to generate responsive, adaptive or intelligent behaviors primarily in non-player characters (NPCs), similar to human-like intelligence.

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Artificial intelligence systems integration

The core idea of Artificial Intelligence systems integration is making individual software components, such as speech synthesizers, interoperable with other components, such as common sense knowledgebases, in order to create larger, broader and more capable A.I. systems.

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Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach

Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (AIMA) is a university textbook on artificial intelligence, written by Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig.

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Artificial life

Artificial life (often abbreviated ALife or A-Life) is a field of study wherein researchers examine systems related to natural life, its processes, and its evolution, through the use of simulations with computer models, robotics, and biochemistry.

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Artificial Minds

Artificial Minds is a book written by Stan Franklin and published in 1995 by MIT Press.

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Artificial psychology

Artificial psychology is a theoretical discipline proposed by Dan Curtis (b. 1963).

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Ash (Alien)

Ash is a fictional character in the movie Alien, who was portrayed by actor Ian Holm, who, although known in the U.K. as a stage actor, was at the time unknown to American audiences.

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Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI

The Asilomar Conference on Beneficial AI was a conference organized by the Future of Life Institute“Future of Life Institute 2017 Asilomar Conference.” ai-ethics.com.

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ASIMO

ASIMO (whose name comes from English initials or words Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility) is a humanoid robot created by Honda in 2000.

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Assistant (by Speaktoit)

Assistant was an intelligent personal assistant application for mobile devices developed by Speaktoit.

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Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence

The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) is an international, nonprofit, scientific society devoted to promote research in, and responsible use of, artificial intelligence.

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Automated Mathematician

The Automated Mathematician (AM) is one of the earliest successful discovery systems.

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Automated planning and scheduling

Automated planning and scheduling, sometimes denoted as simply AI Planning, is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles.

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Automated reasoning

Automated reasoning is an area of computer science and mathematical logic dedicated to understanding different aspects of reasoning.

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Automatic image annotation

Automatic image annotation (also known as automatic image tagging or linguistic indexing) is the process by which a computer system automatically assigns metadata in the form of captioning or keywords to a digital image.

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Automatic number-plate recognition

Automatic number-plate recognition (ANPR; see also other names below) is a technology that uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates to create vehicle location data.

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Automatic target recognition

Automatic target recognition (ATR) is the ability for an algorithm or device to recognize targets or other objects based on data obtained from sensors.

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Automation

Automation is the technology by which a process or procedure is performed without human assistance.

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Autonomic computing

Autonomic computing (also known as AC) refers to the self-managing characteristics of distributed computing resources, adapting to unpredictable changes while hiding intrinsic complexity to operators and users.

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Autonomic networking

Autonomic Networking follows the concept of Autonomic Computing, an initiative started by IBM in 2001.

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Autonomous agent

An autonomous agent is an intelligent agent operating on an owner's behalf but without any interference of that ownership entity.

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Backward chaining

Backward chaining (or backward reasoning) is an inference method that can be described colloquially as working backward from the goal(s).

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Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)

Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the ''Battlestar Galactica'' franchise.

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Bayesian network

A Bayesian network, Bayes network, belief network, Bayes(ian) model or probabilistic directed acyclic graphical model is a probabilistic graphical model (a type of statistical model) that represents a set of variables and their conditional dependencies via a directed acyclic graph (DAG).

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Behavior-based robotics

Behavior-based robotics or behavioral robotics is an approach in robotics that focuses on robots that are able to exhibit complex-appearing behaviors despite little internal variable state to model its immediate environment, mostly gradually correcting its actions via sensory-motor links.

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BELBIC

In recent years, the use of biologically inspired methods such as the evolutionary algorithm have been increasingly employed to solve and analyze complex computational problems.

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Beyond Limits

Beyond Limits is an American artificial intelligence company known for transforming proven space and defense technologies from NASA and the U.S. Department of Defense into innovative technology solutions to address emerging industry markets.

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Bio-inspired computing

Bio-inspired computing, short for biologically inspired computing, is a field of study that loosely knits together subfields related to the topics of connectionism, social behaviour and emergence.

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Blackboard system

A blackboard system is an artificial intelligence approach based on the blackboard architectural model, where a common knowledge base, the "blackboard", is iteratively updated by a diverse group of specialist knowledge sources, starting with a problem specification and ending with a solution.

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Blade Runner

Blade Runner is a 1982 American-Hong Kong neo-noir science fiction film directed by Ridley Scott, written by Hampton Fancher and David Peoples, and starring Harrison Ford, Rutger Hauer, Sean Young, and Edward James Olmos.

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Blue Brain Project

The Blue Brain, a Swiss national brain initiative, aims to create a digital reconstruction of the brain by reverse-engineering mammalian brain circuitry.

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Boston Dynamics

Boston Dynamics is an American engineering and robotics design company founded in 1992 and headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Japanese conglomerate SoftBank Group.

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Braina

Braina is an intelligent personal assistant application for Microsoft Windows developed by Brainasoft.

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Butlerian Jihad

The Butlerian Jihad is an event in the back-story of Frank Herbert's fictional ''Dune'' universe.

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C-3PO

C-3PO or See-Threepio is a humanoid robot character from the ''Star Wars'' franchise who appears in the original trilogy, the prequel trilogy and the sequel trilogy.

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CALO

CALO was an artificial intelligence project that attempted to integrate numerous AI technologies into a cognitive assistant.

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Chaos theory

Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics focusing on the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions.

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Chappie (film)

Chappie (stylized as CHAPPiE) is a 2015 dystopian science fiction action crime thriller film directed by Neill Blomkamp and written by Blomkamp and Terri Tatchell.

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Chatbot

A chatbot (also known as a talkbot, chatterbot, Bot, IM bot, interactive agent, or Artificial Conversational Entity) is a computer program or an artificial intelligence which conducts a conversation via auditory or textual methods.

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Children of the Mind

Children of the Mind (1996) is the fourth science fiction novel of Orson Scott Card's popular ''Ender's Game'' series of science fiction novels that focus on the character Ender Wiggin.

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Chinese room

The Chinese room argument holds that a program cannot give a computer a "mind", "understanding" or "consciousness", regardless of how intelligently or human-like the program may make the computer behave.

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Chris Moriarty

Chris Moriarty (born 1968) is an American science fiction and fantasy writer.

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Claude Shannon

Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory".

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Clinical decision support system

A clinical decision support system (CDSS) is a health information technology system that is designed to provide physicians and other health professionals with clinical decision support (CDS), that is, assistance with clinical decision-making tasks.

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Cog (project)

Cog was a project at the Humanoid Robotics Group of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

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Cognition

Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".

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Cognitive architecture

A cognitive architecture can refer to a theory about the structure of the human mind.

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Cognitive science

Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.

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Colossus (novel)

Colossus is a 1966 science fiction novel by British author Dennis Feltham Jones (writing as D. F. Jones), about super-computers taking control of mankind.

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Colossus: The Forbin Project

Colossus: The Forbin Project (a.k.a. The Forbin Project) is a 1970 American science fiction thriller film from Universal Pictures, produced by Stanley Chase, directed by Joseph Sargent, that stars Eric Braeden, Susan Clark, Gordon Pinsent, and William Schallert.

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Combs method

The Combs method is a method of writing fuzzy logic rules described by William E. Combs in 1997.

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Commonsense reasoning

Commonsense reasoning is one of the branches of artificial intelligence (AI) that is concerned with simulating the human ability to make presumptions about the type and essence of ordinary situations they encounter every day.

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Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence

There are a number of competitions and prizes to promote research in artificial intelligence.

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Computational creativity

Computational creativity (also known as artificial creativity, mechanical creativity, creative computing or creative computation) is a multidisciplinary endeavour that is located at the intersection of the fields of artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, philosophy, and the arts.

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Computational humor

Computational humor is a branch of computational linguistics and artificial intelligence which uses computers in humor research.

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Computational Intelligence (journal)

Computational Intelligence is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on artificial intelligence.

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Computational theory of mind

In philosophy, the computational theory of mind (CTM) refers to a family of views that hold that the human mind is an information processing system and that cognition and consciousness together are a form of computation.

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Computer audition

Computer audition (CA) or machine listening is general field of study of algorithms and systems for audio understanding by machine.

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Computer chess

Computer chess is a game of computer architecture encompassing hardware and software capable of playing chess autonomously without human guidance.

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Computer Go

Computer Go is the field of artificial intelligence (AI) dedicated to creating a computer program that plays the traditional board game Go.

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Computer science

Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.

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Computer vision

Computer vision is a field that deals with how computers can be made for gaining high-level understanding from digital images or videos.

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Computer-assisted proof

A computer-assisted proof is a mathematical proof that has been at least partially generated by computer.

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Computing

Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers.

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Computing Machinery and Intelligence

"Computing Machinery and Intelligence" is a seminal paper written by Alan Turing on the topic of artificial intelligence.

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Concept mining

Concept mining is an activity that results in the extraction of concepts from artifacts.

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Conceptual dependency theory

Conceptual dependency theory is a model of natural language understanding used in artificial intelligence systems.

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Constrained conditional model

A constrained conditional model (CCM) is a machine learning and inference framework that augments the learning of conditional (probabilistic or discriminative) models with declarative constraints.

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Control system

A control system manages, commands, directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems using control loops.

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Coreference

In linguistics, coreference, sometimes written co-reference, occurs when two or more expressions in a text refer to the same person or thing; they have the same referent, e.g. Bill said he would come; the proper noun Bill and the pronoun he refer to the same person, namely to Bill.

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Cortana

Cortana is a virtual assistant created by Microsoft for Windows 10, Windows 10 Mobile, Windows Phone 8.1, Invoke smart speaker, Microsoft Band, Xbox One, iOS, Android, Windows Mixed Reality, and soon Amazon Alexa.

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Cortana (Halo)

Cortana is a fictional artificial intelligence character in the ''Halo'' video game series.

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Culture series

The Culture series is a science fiction series written by Scottish author Iain M. Banks.

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Cybernetics

Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems—their structures, constraints, and possibilities.

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Cyborg

A cyborg (short for "'''cyb'''ernetic '''org'''anism") is a being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts.

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Cylon (Battlestar Galactica)

The Cylons are a cybernetic civilization at war with the Twelve Colonies of humanity in the Battlestar Galactica science fiction franchise, in the original 1978 and 1980 series, the 2004 reimagining, as well as the spin-off prequel series, Caprica.

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Darwin machine

A Darwin machine (a 1987 coinage by William H. Calvin, by analogy to a Turing machine) is a machine that, like a Turing machine, involves an iteration process that yields a high-quality result, but, whereas a Turing machine uses logic, the Darwin machine uses rounds of variation, selection, and inheritance.

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Data (Star Trek)

Data is a character in the fictional Star Trek franchise.

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Data mining

Data mining is the process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems.

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David Ferrucci

David Ferrucci was the principal investigator who in 2007–2011 led a team of IBM and academic researchers and engineers to the development of the Watson computer system that won a television quiz.

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Decision support system

A decision support system (DSS) is an information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities.

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Deep learning

Deep learning (also known as deep structured learning or hierarchical learning) is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on learning data representations, as opposed to task-specific algorithms.

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DeepMind

DeepMind Technologies Limited is a British artificial intelligence company founded in September 2010.

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Dennis Feltham Jones

Dennis Feltham Jones (1917–1981) was a British science fiction author who published under the name D. F. Jones.

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Description logic

Description logics (DL) are a family of formal knowledge representation languages.

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Destination: Void

Destination: Void is a science fiction novel by American author Frank Herbert, the first set in the ''Destination: Void'' universe.

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Developmental robotics

Developmental robotics (DevRob), sometimes called epigenetic robotics, is a scientific field which aims at studying the developmental mechanisms, architectures and constraints that allow lifelong and open-ended learning of new skills and new knowledge in embodied machines.

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Diagnosis (artificial intelligence)

As a subfield in artificial intelligence, Diagnosis is concerned with the development of algorithms and techniques that are able to determine whether the behaviour of a system is correct.

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Differential evolution

In evolutionary computation, differential evolution (DE) is a method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of quality.

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Digital image processing

In computer science, Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images.

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Discipline (academia)

An academic discipline or academic field is a branch of knowledge.

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Distributed artificial intelligence

Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) also called Decentralized Artificial Intelligence is a subfield of artificial intelligence research dedicated to the development of distributed solutions for problems.

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Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?

Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? (retitled Blade Runner: Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? in some later printings) is a science fiction novel by American writer Philip K. Dick, first published in 1968.

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Doctor Who

Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963.

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Douglas Hofstadter

Douglas Richard Hofstadter (born February 15, 1945) is an American professor of cognitive science whose research focuses on the sense of self in relation to the external world, consciousness, analogy-making, artistic creation, literary translation, and discovery in mathematics and physics.

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Dune (franchise)

Dune is a science fiction media franchise that originated with the 1965 novel Dune by Frank Herbert.

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Edward Feigenbaum

Edward Albert "Ed" Feigenbaum (born January 20, 1936) is a computer scientist working in the field of artificial intelligence, and joint winner of the 1994 ACM Turing Award.

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Email spam

Email spam, also known as junk email, is a type of electronic spam where unsolicited messages are sent by email.

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Embodied agent

In artificial intelligence, an embodied agent, also sometimes referred to as an interface agent, is an intelligent agent that interacts with the environment through a physical body within that environment.

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Embodied cognition

Embodied cognition is the theory that many features of cognition, whether human or otherwise, are shaped by aspects of the entire body of the organism.

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Embodied cognitive science

Embodied cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field of research, the aim of which is to explain the mechanisms underlying intelligent behavior.

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Emerging technologies

Emerging technologies are technologies that are perceived as capable of changing the status quo.

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Ethics of artificial intelligence

The ethics of artificial intelligence is the part of the ethics of technology specific to robots and other artificially intelligent beings.

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European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence

The European Association for Artificial Intelligence (EurAI) (formerly European Co-ordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence (ECCAI)) is the representative body for the European artificial intelligence community.

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European Neural Network Society

The European Neural Network Society (ENNS) is an association of scientists, engineers, students, and others seeking to learn about and advance understanding of artificial neural networks.

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Evolutionary algorithm

In artificial intelligence, an evolutionary algorithm (EA) is a subset of evolutionary computation, a generic population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm.

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Evolutionary computation

In computer science, evolutionary computation is a family of algorithms for global optimization inspired by biological evolution, and the subfield of artificial intelligence and soft computing studying these algorithms.

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Evolutionary robotics

Evolutionary robotics (ER) is a methodology that uses evolutionary computation to develop controllers and/or hardware for autonomous robots.

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Ex Machina (film)

Ex Machina is a 2014 science fiction thriller film written and directed by Alex Garland (in his directorial debut) and stars Domhnall Gleeson, Alicia Vikander, and Oscar Isaac.

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Existential risk from artificial general intelligence

Existential risk from artificial general intelligence is the hypothesis that substantial progress in artificial general intelligence (AI) could someday result in human extinction or some other unrecoverable global catastrophe.

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Expert system

In artificial intelligence, an expert system is a computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert.

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Facial recognition system

A facial recognition system is a technology capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source.

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Fallout 4

Fallout 4 is a post-apocalyptic action role-playing video game developed by Bethesda Game Studios and published by Bethesda Softworks.

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First Meetings

First Meetings (2002) is a collection of Orson Scott Card's short stories from the ''Ender's Game'' series.

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Foundation (Asimov novel)

Foundation is a science fiction novel by American writer Isaac Asimov.

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Frame problem

In artificial intelligence, the frame problem describes an issue with using first-order logic (FOL) to express facts about a robot in the world.

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Frank Herbert

Franklin Patrick Herbert, Jr. (October 8, 1920 – February 11, 1986) was an American science fiction writer best known for the novel Dune and its five sequels.

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Friendly artificial intelligence

A friendly artificial intelligence (also friendly AI or FAI) is a hypothetical artificial general intelligence (AGI) that would have a positive effect on humanity.

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Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Functionalism is a view in the theory of the mind.

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Future of Humanity Institute

The Future of Humanity Institute (FHI) is an interdisciplinary research centre at the University of Oxford investigating big-picture questions about humanity and its prospects.

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Future of Life Institute

The Future of Life Institute (FLI) is a volunteer-run research and outreach organization in the Boston area that works to mitigate existential risks facing humanity, particularly existential risk from advanced artificial intelligence (AI).

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Futureworld

Futureworld is a 1976 American science fiction thriller film directed by Richard T. Heffron and written by Mayo Simon and George Schenck.

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Fuzzy control system

A fuzzy control system is a control system based on fuzzy logic—a mathematical system that analyzes analog input values in terms of logical variables that take on continuous values between 0 and 1, in contrast to classical or digital logic, which operates on discrete values of either 1 or 0 (true or false, respectively).

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Game theory

Game theory is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers".

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General game playing

General game playing (GGP) is the design of artificial intelligence programs to be able to play more than one game successfully.

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Genetic algorithm

In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA).

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Ghost in the Shell

is a Japanese media franchise originally published as a seinen manga series of the same name written and illustrated by Masamune Shirow.

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Global catastrophic risk

A global catastrophic risk is a hypothetical future event which could damage human well-being on a global scale, even crippling or destroying modern civilization.

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Glossary of artificial intelligence

Most of the terms listed in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself.

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Google

Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.

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Google Assistant

The Google Assistant is a virtual assistant developed by Google that is primarily available on mobile and smart home devices.

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Google Brain

Google Brain is a deep learning artificial intelligence research team at Google.

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Google Now

Google Now was a feature of Google Search offering predictive cards with information and daily updates in the Google app for Android and iOS.

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Grammar systems theory

Grammar systems theory is a field of theoretical computer science that studies systems of finite collections of formal grammars generating a formal language.

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Greg Egan

Greg Egan (born 20 August 1961) is an Australian science fiction writer.

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Group mind (science fiction)

A group mind, hive mind, group ego, mind coalescence, or gestalt intelligence in science fiction is a plot device in which multiple minds, or consciousnesses, are linked into a single, collective consciousness or intelligence.

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HAL 9000

HAL 9000 is a fictional character and the main antagonist in Arthur C. Clarke's Space Odyssey series.

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Halo (franchise)

Halo is a military science fiction first-person shooter video game franchise created by Bungie and now managed and developed by 343 Industries, a subsidiary of Microsoft Studios.

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Handwriting recognition

Handwriting recognition (HWR) is the ability of a computer to receive and interpret intelligible handwritten input from sources such as paper documents, photographs, touch-screens and other devices.

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Harlan Ellison

Harlan Jay Ellison (May 27, 1934 – June 28, 2018) was an American writer, known for his prolific and influential work in New Wave speculative fiction, and for his outspoken, combative personality.

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Her (film)

Her is a 2013 American romantic science-fiction drama film written, directed, and produced by Spike Jonze.

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Herbert A. Simon

Herbert Alexander Simon (June 15, 1916 – February 9, 2001) was an American economist and political scientist whose primary interest was decision-making within organizations and is best known for the theories of "bounded rationality" and "satisficing".

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Hidden Markov model

Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a statistical Markov model in which the system being modeled is assumed to be a Markov process with unobserved (i.e. hidden) states.

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Hierarchical control system

A hierarchical control system is a form of control system in which a set of devices and governing software is arranged in a hierarchical tree.

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History of artificial intelligence

The history of Artificial Intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen; as Pamela McCorduck writes, AI began with "an ancient wish to forge the gods." The seeds of modern AI were planted by classical philosophers who attempted to describe the process of human thinking as the mechanical manipulation of symbols.

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History of machine translation

Machine translation is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of software to translate text or speech from one natural language to another.

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History of natural language processing

The history of natural language processing describes the advances of natural language processing (Outline of natural language processing).

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Holly (Red Dwarf)

Holly is a fictional character in the science fiction situation comedy Red Dwarf.

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Hubert Dreyfus's views on artificial intelligence

Hubert Dreyfus has been a critic of artificial intelligence research since the 1960s.

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Hugo de Garis

Hugo de Garis (born 1947, Sydney, Australia) is a retired researcher in the sub-field of artificial intelligence (AI) known as evolvable hardware.

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Human Brain Project

The Human Brain Project (HBP) is a large ten-year scientific research project, based on exascale supercomputers, that aims to build a collaborative ICT-based scientific research infrastructure to allow researchers across Europe to advance knowledge in the fields of neuroscience, computing, and brain-related medicine.

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Human enhancement

Human enhancement (Augment) is "any attempt to temporarily or permanently overcome the current limitations of the human body through natural or artificial means.

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Hybrid intelligent system

Hybrid intelligent system denotes a software system which employs, in parallel, a combination of methods and techniques from artificial intelligence subfields as.

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Hybrid neural network

The term hybrid neural network can have two meanings.

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I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream

"I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" is a post-apocalyptic science fiction short story by American writer Harlan Ellison.

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Iain Banks

Iain Banks (16 February 1954 – 9 June 2013) was a Scottish author.

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IBM

The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.

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Identity (social science)

In psychology, identity is the qualities, beliefs, personality, looks and/or expressions that make a person (self-identity) or group (particular social category or social group).

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IEEE Intelligent Systems

IEEE Intelligent Systems is a bimonthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the IEEE Computer Society and sponsored by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, British Computer Society, and European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence.

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IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the IEEE Computer Society.

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ILabs

iLabs is a non-profit Milan-based organization pursuing multidisciplinary research on radical extension of human life-span.

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Image retrieval

An image retrieval system is a computer system for browsing, searching and retrieving images from a large database of digital images.

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Informatics

Informatics is a branch of information engineering.

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Information extraction

Information extraction (IE) is the task of automatically extracting structured information from unstructured and/or semi-structured machine-readable documents.

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Information retrieval

Information retrieval (IR) is the activity of obtaining information system resources relevant to an information need from a collection of information resources.

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Intelligence

Intelligence has been defined in many different ways to include the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem solving.

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Intelligence explosion

The intelligence explosion is a possible outcome of humanity building artificial general intelligence (AGI).

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Intelligent agent

In artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity which observes through sensors and acts upon an environment using actuators (i.e. it is an agent) and directs its activity towards achieving goals (i.e. it is "rational", as defined in economics).

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Intelligent control

Intelligent control is a class of control techniques that use various artificial intelligence computing approaches like neural networks, Bayesian probability, fuzzy logic, machine learning, evolutionary computation and genetic algorithms.

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Intelligent word recognition

Intelligent Word Recognition, or IWR, is the recognition of unconstrained handwritten words.

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International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence

The International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) is a non-profit organization incorporated in the U.S. state of California.

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Isaac Asimov

Isaac Asimov (January 2, 1920 – April 6, 1992) was an American writer and professor of biochemistry at Boston University.

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Jane (Ender's Game)

Jane is a fictional character in Orson Scott Card's ''Ender'' series.

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John McCarthy (computer scientist)

John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 – October 24, 2011) was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist.

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John von Neumann

John von Neumann (Neumann János Lajos,; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, and polymath.

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Judea Pearl

Judea Pearl (born September 4, 1936) is an Israeli-American computer scientist and philosopher, best known for championing the probabilistic approach to artificial intelligence and the development of Bayesian networks (see the article on belief propagation).

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Kalman filter

Kalman filtering, also known as linear quadratic estimation (LQE), is an algorithm that uses a series of measurements observed over time, containing statistical noise and other inaccuracies, and produces estimates of unknown variables that tend to be more accurate than those based on a single measurement alone, by estimating a joint probability distribution over the variables for each timeframe.

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Keymaker

The Keymaker is a fictional character, portrayed by Korean-American actor Randall Duk Kim, in the 2003 film The Matrix Reloaded.

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Kinect

Kinect (codenamed Project Natal during development) is a line of motion sensing input devices that was produced by Microsoft for Xbox 360 and Xbox One video game consoles and Microsoft Windows PCs.

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Knowledge Engineering and Machine Learning Group

The is a research group belonging to the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) – Barcelona'''Tech'''.

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Knowledge management

Knowledge management (KM) is the process of creating, sharing, using and managing the knowledge and information of an organisation.

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Knowledge representation and reasoning

Knowledge representation and reasoning (KR, KR², KR&R) is the field of artificial intelligence (AI) dedicated to representing information about the world in a form that a computer system can utilize to solve complex tasks such as diagnosing a medical condition or having a dialog in a natural language.

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Language identification

In natural language processing, language identification or language guessing is the problem of determining which natural language given content is in.

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Larry Page

Lawrence Edward Page (born March 26, 1973) is an American computer scientist and Internet entrepreneur who co-founded Google with Sergey Brin.

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Lethal autonomous weapon

Lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs) are a type of autonomous military robot that can independently search and engage targets based on programmed constraints and descriptions.

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LIDA (cognitive architecture)

The LIDA (Learning Intelligent Distribution Agent) cognitive architecture is an integrated artificial cognitive system that attempts to model a broad spectrum of cognition in biological systems, from low-level perception/action to high-level reasoning.

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List of artificial intelligence projects

The following is a list of current and past, nonclassified notable artificial intelligence projects.

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List of emerging technologies

Emerging technologies are those technical innovations which represent progressive developments within a field for competitive advantage.

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List of Ghost in the Shell characters

This is a list of fictional characters in the anime, manga, and film series Ghost in the Shell created by Masamune Shirow.

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List of important publications in computer science

This is a list of important publications in computer science, organized by field.

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Loebner Prize

The Loebner Prize is an annual competition in artificial intelligence that awards prizes to the computer programs considered by the judges to be the most human-like.

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Machine Intelligence Research Institute

The Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI), formerly the Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence (SIAI), is a non-profit organization founded in 2000 to research safety issues related to the development of Strong AI.

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Machine learning

Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence in the field of computer science that often uses statistical techniques to give computers the ability to "learn" (i.e., progressively improve performance on a specific task) with data, without being explicitly programmed.

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Machine translation

Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the abbreviation MT (not to be confused with computer-aided translation, machine-aided human translation (MAHT) or interactive translation) is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of software to translate text or speech from one language to another.

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Manga

are comics created in Japan or by creators in the Japanese language, conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century.

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Marc Raibert

Marc Raibert (born December 22, 1949) is a former Carnegie Mellon University and MIT professor who founded the CMU Leg Lab in 1980, moved it to MIT in 1986, and continued to direct it through 1995.

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Marvin Minsky

Marvin Lee Minsky (August 9, 1927 – January 24, 2016) was an American cognitive scientist concerned largely with research of artificial intelligence (AI), co-founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's AI laboratory, and author of several texts concerning AI and philosophy.

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Mass Effect

Mass Effect is a science fiction action role-playing third-person shooter video game series developed by the Canadian company BioWare and released for the Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, and Microsoft Windows, with the third installment also released on the Wii U. The fourth game was released on Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in March 2017.

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Means-ends analysis

Means-ends analysis (MEA) is a problem solving technique used commonly in artificial intelligence (AI) for limiting search in AI programs.

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Meka Robotics

Meka Robotics was a company that made robotic systems.

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Metaheuristic

In computer science and mathematical optimization, a metaheuristic is a higher-level procedure or heuristic designed to find, generate, or select a heuristic (partial search algorithm) that may provide a sufficiently good solution to an optimization problem, especially with incomplete or imperfect information or limited computation capacity.

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Military robot

Military robots are autonomous robots or remote-controlled mobile robots designed for military applications, from transport to search & rescue and attack.

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Mind (The Culture)

In Iain M. Banks' Culture series, most larger starships, some inhabited planets and all orbitals have their own Minds: sapient, hyperintelligent machines originally built by biological species, which have evolved, redesigned themselves, and become many times more intelligent than their original creators.

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Mind uploading

Whole brain emulation (WBE), mind upload or brain upload (sometimes called "mind copying" or "mind transfer") is the hypothetical futuristic process of scanning the mental state (including long-term memory and "self") of a particular brain substrate and copying it to a computer.

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Mindpixel

Mindpixel was a web-based collaborative artificial intelligence project which aimed to create a knowledgebase of millions of human validated true/false statements, or probabilistic propositions.

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Monitoring and surveillance agents

Monitoring and surveillance agents (also known as predictive agents) are a type of intelligent agent software that observes and reports on computer equipment.

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Moore's law

Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles about every two years.

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Moravec's paradox

Moravec's paradox is the discovery by artificial intelligence and robotics researchers that, contrary to traditional assumptions, high-level reasoning requires very little computation, but low-level sensorimotor skills require enormous computational resources.

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Multi-agent system

A multi-agent system (MAS or "self-organized system") is a computerized system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents.

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Murray Shanahan

Murray Shanahan is a Professor of Cognitive Robotics at Imperial College London, in the Department of Computing.

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Music and artificial intelligence

Research in artificial intelligence (AI) is known to have impacted medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, and several other fields.

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Named-entity recognition

Named-entity recognition (NER) (also known as entity identification, entity chunking and entity extraction) is a subtask of information extraction that seeks to locate and classify named entities in text into pre-defined categories such as the names of persons, organizations, locations, expressions of times, quantities, monetary values, percentages, etc.

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Nathaniel Rochester (computer scientist)

Nathaniel Rochester (January 14, 1919 – June 8, 2001) designed the IBM 701, wrote the first assembler and participated in the founding of the field of artificial intelligence.

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Natural language processing

Natural language processing (NLP) is an area of computer science and artificial intelligence concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages, in particular how to program computers to process and analyze large amounts of natural language data.

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Natural language understanding

Natural language understanding (NLU) or natural language interpretation (NLI) is a subtopic of natural language processing in artificial intelligence that deals with machine reading comprehension.

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Natural-language user interface

Natural-language user interfaces (LUI or NLUI) are a type of computer human interface where linguistic phenomena such as verbs, phrases and clauses act as UI controls for creating, selecting and modifying data in software applications.

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Networked control system

A Networked Control System (NCS) is a control system wherein the control loops are closed through a communication network.

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Neural modeling fields

Neural modeling field (NMF) is a mathematical framework for machine learning which combines ideas from neural networks, fuzzy logic, and model based recognition.

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Neural network

The term neural network was traditionally used to refer to a network or circuit of neurons.

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Neural Networks (journal)

Neural Networks is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal and an official journal of the International Neural Network Society, European Neural Network Society, and Japanese Neural Network Society.

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NEW-GEN

New-Gen, styled NEW-GEN, is a superhero comic book series created in 2008 by J.D. Matonti, Chris Matonti and Julia Coppola, of A.P.N.G. Enterprises.

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Nick Bostrom

Nick Bostrom (Niklas Boström,; born 10 March 1973) is a Swedish philosopher at the University of Oxford known for his work on existential risk, the anthropic principle, human enhancement ethics, superintelligence risks, and the reversal test.

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Nonlinear control

Nonlinear control theory is the area of control theory which deals with systems that are nonlinear, time-variant, or both.

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Norbert Wiener

Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American mathematician and philosopher.

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Nouvelle AI

Nouvelle artificial intelligence (AI) is an approach to artificial intelligence pioneered in the 1980s by Rodney Brooks, who was then part of MIT artificial intelligence laboratory.

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On Intelligence

On Intelligence: How a New Understanding of the Brain will Lead to the Creation of Truly Intelligent Machines is a 2004 book by Palm Pilot-inventor Jeff Hawkins with New York Times science writer Sandra Blakeslee.

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Open Mind Common Sense

Open Mind Common Sense (OMCS) is an artificial intelligence project based at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Media Lab whose goal is to build and utilize a large commonsense knowledge base from the contributions of many thousands of people across the Web.

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OpenAIR

OpenAIR is a message routing and communication protocol for artificial intelligence systems that has been gaining in popularity in recent years (2006).

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OpenCog

OpenCog is a project that aims to build an open source artificial intelligence framework.

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OpenIRIS

OpenIRIS is the open source version of IRIS, a semantic desktop that enables users to create a "personal map" across their office-related information objects.

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Optical character recognition

Optical character recognition (also optical character reader, OCR) is the mechanical or electronic conversion of images of typed, handwritten or printed text into machine-encoded text, whether from a scanned document, a photo of a document, a scene-photo (for example the text on signs and billboards in a landscape photo) or from subtitle text superimposed on an image (for example from a television broadcast).

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Optical mark recognition

Optical mark recognition (also called optical mark reading and OMR) is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.They are used to read questionnaires, multiple choice examination paper in the form of lines or shaded areas.

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Ordered weighted averaging aggregation operator

In applied mathematics – specifically in fuzzy logic – the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operators provide a parameterized class of mean type aggregation operators.

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Orson Scott Card

Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951) is an American novelist, critic, public speaker, essayist, and columnist.

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Outline (list)

An outline, also called a hierarchical outline, is a list arranged to show hierarchical relationships and is a type of tree structure.

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Outline of natural language processing

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to natural language processing: Natural language processing – computer activity in which computers are entailed to analyze, understand, alter, or generate natural language.

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Outline of object recognition

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to object recognition: Object recognition – technology in the field of computer vision for finding and identifying objects in an image or video sequence.

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Paradigms of AI Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp

Paradigms of AI Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp is a well-known programming book by Peter Norvig about artificial intelligence programming using Common Lisp.

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Particle swarm optimization

In computer science, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a computational method that optimizes a problem by iteratively trying to improve a candidate solution with regard to a given measure of quality.

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Partnership on AI

Partnership on AI (full name Partnership on Artificial Intelligence to Benefit People and Society) is a technology industry consortium focused on establishing best practices for artificial intelligence systems and to educate the public about AI.

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Pattern recognition

Pattern recognition is a branch of machine learning that focuses on the recognition of patterns and regularities in data, although it is in some cases considered to be nearly synonymous with machine learning.

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Percept (artificial intelligence)

A percept is the input that an intelligent agent is perceiving at any given moment.

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Perceptron

In machine learning, the perceptron is an algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers (functions that can decide whether an input, represented by a vector of numbers, belongs to some specific class or not).

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Perceptual computing

Perceptual computing is an application of Zadeh's theory of computing with words on the field of assisting people to make subjective judgments.

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Permutation City

Permutation City is a 1994 science-fiction novel by Greg Egan that explores many concepts, including quantum ontology, through various philosophical aspects of artificial life and simulated reality.

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Person of Interest (TV series)

Person of Interest is an American science fiction crime drama television series that aired on CBS from September 22, 2011, to June 21, 2016, its five seasons comprising 103 episodes.

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Peter Norvig

Peter Norvig (born December 14, 1956) is an American computer scientist.

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Philosophy of artificial intelligence

The philosophy of artificial intelligence attempts to answer such questions as follows.

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Philosophy of mind

Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind.

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Phys.org

Phys.org is a science, research and technology news aggregator where much of the content is republished directly from press releases and news agencies-in a practice known as churnalism.

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Physical symbol system

A physical symbol system (also called a formal system) takes physical patterns (symbols), combining them into structures (expressions) and manipulating them (using processes) to produce new expressions.

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Posthumanism

Posthumanism or post-humanism (meaning "after humanism" or "beyond humanism") is a term with at least seven definitions according to philosopher Francesca Ferrando.

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Probability

Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

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Process mining

Process mining is a family of techniques in the field of process management that support the analysis of business processes based on event logs.

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Progress in artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence applications have been used in a wide range of fields including medical diagnosis, stock trading, robot control, law, scientific discovery and toys.

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QRIO

QRIO ("Quest for cuRIOsity", originally named Sony Dream Robot or SDR) was a bipedal humanoid entertainment robot developed and marketed (but never sold) by Sony to follow up on the success of its AIBO entertainment robot.

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Question answering

Question answering (QA) is a computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP), which is concerned with building systems that automatically answer questions posed by humans in a natural language.

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R2-D2

R2-D2, or Artoo-Detoo, is a fictional robot character in the ''Star Wars'' franchise created by George Lucas.

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Raj Reddy

Dabbala Rajagopal "Raj" Reddy (born June 13, 1937) is an Indian-American computer scientist and a winner of the Turing Award.

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RapidMiner

RapidMiner is a data science software platform developed by the company of the same name that provides an integrated environment for data preparation, machine learning, deep learning, text mining, and predictive analytics.

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Rational agent

In economics, game theory, decision theory, and artificial intelligence, a rational agent is an agent that has clear preferences, models uncertainty via expected values of variables or functions of variables, and always chooses to perform the action with the optimal expected outcome for itself from among all feasible actions.

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Ray Kurzweil

Raymond Kurzweil (born February 12, 1948) is an American author, computer scientist, inventor and futurist.

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Ray Solomonoff

Ray Solomonoff (July 25, 1926 – December 7, 2009) was the inventor of algorithmic probability, his General Theory of Inductive Inference (also known as Universal Inductive Inference),Samuel Rathmanner and Marcus Hutter.

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Real Humans

Real Humans (Äkta människor) is a 2012 Swedish science fiction/drama series set in an alternative near-future version of Sweden where consumer-level humanoid robot workers and servants are widespread.

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Recurrent neural network

A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural network where connections between nodes form a directed graph along a sequence.

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Red Dwarf

Red Dwarf is a British science fiction comedy franchise which primarily consists of a television sitcom that aired on BBC Two between 1988 and 1999, and on Dave since 2009, gaining a cult following.

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Redwood Robotics

Redwood Robotics was a joint venture, announced in July 2012, between Meka Robotics, Willow Garage, and SRI International, all of which have strong presences in the field of robotics.

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Relationship extraction

A relationship extraction task requires the detection and classification of semantic relationship mentions within a set of artifacts, typically from text or XML documents.

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Replicant

A replicant is a fictional bioengineered or biorobotic android in the 1982 film Blade Runner, in its 2017 sequel Blade Runner 2049, and in the 1997 video game based on the film.

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Roboduck

Roboduck is a fictional character, a superhero that appears in the NEW-GEN comic books published by Marvel Comics.

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Robot series (Asimov)

The Robot series is a series of 38 science fiction short stories and 5 novels by American writer Isaac Asimov, featuring positronic robots.

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Robotics

Robotics is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and science that includes mechanical engineering, electronics engineering, computer science, and others.

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Rodney Brooks

Rodney Allen Brooks (born 30 December 1954) is an Australian roboticist, Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, author, and robotics entrepreneur, most known for popularizing the actionist approach to robotics.

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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden.

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Rule-based system

In computer science, rule-based systems are used as a way to store and manipulate knowledge to interpret information in a useful way.

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Self-management (computer science)

Self-Management is the process by which computer systems shall manage their own operation without human intervention.

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Self-replicating machine

A self-replicating machine is a type of autonomous robot that is capable of reproducing itself autonomously using raw materials found in the environment, thus exhibiting self-replication in a way analogous to that found in nature.

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Semantic translation

Semantic translation is the process of using semantic information to aid in the translation of data in one representation or data model to another representation or data model.

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Semantic Web

The Semantic Web is an extension of the World Wide Web through standards by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).

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Seymour Papert

Seymour Aubrey Papert (February 29, 1928 – July 31, 2016) was a South African-born American mathematician, computer scientist, and educator, who spent most of his career teaching and researching at MIT.

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Ship in a Bottle (Star Trek: The Next Generation)

"Ship in a Bottle" is the 138th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 12th episode of the sixth season.

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Short Circuit (1986 film)

Short Circuit is a 1986 US comic science fiction film directed by John Badham and written by S. S. Wilson and Brent Maddock.

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Silent speech interface

Silent speech interface is a device that allows speech communication without using the sound made when people vocalize their speech sounds.

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Singularitarianism

Singularitarianism is a movement defined by the belief that a technological singularity—the creation of superintelligence—will likely happen in the medium future, and that deliberate action ought to be taken to ensure that the Singularity benefits humans.

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Siri

Siri (pronounced) is a virtual assistant part of Apple Inc.'s iOS, watchOS, macOS, and tvOS operating systems.

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Situated

In artificial intelligence and cognitive science, the term situated refers to an agent which is embedded in an environment.

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Skynet (Terminator)

Skynet is a fictional neural net-based conscious group mind and artificial general intelligence (see also superintelligence) system that features centrally in the ''Terminator'' franchise and serves as the franchise's main and true antagonist.

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Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour

The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour or SSAISB or AISB is a nonprofit, scientific society devoted to advancing the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behaviour and their simulation and embodiment in machines.

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Soft computing

In computer science, soft computing (sometimes referred to as computational intelligence, though CI does not have an agreed definition) is the use of inexact solutions to computationally hard tasks such as the solution of NP-complete problems, for which there is no known algorithm that can compute an exact solution in polynomial time.

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Software agent

In computer science, a software agent is a computer program that acts for a user or other program in a relationship of agency, which derives from the Latin agere (to do): an agreement to act on one's behalf.

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Speaker for the Dead

Speaker for the Dead is a 1986 science fiction novel by Orson Scott Card and an indirect sequel to the novel Ender's Game.

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Speaker recognition

Speaker recognition is the identification of a person from characteristics of voices (voice biometrics).

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Speech recognition

Speech recognition is the inter-disciplinary sub-field of computational linguistics that develops methodologies and technologies that enables the recognition and translation of spoken language into text by computers.

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Speech-generating device

Speech-generating devices (SGDs), also known as voice output communication aids, are electronic augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems used to supplement or replace speech or writing for individuals with severe speech impairments, enabling them to verbally communicate.

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Sprawl trilogy

The Sprawl trilogy (also known as the Neuromancer, Cyberspace, or Matrix trilogy) is William Gibson's first set of novels, composed of Neuromancer (1984), Count Zero (1986), and Mona Lisa Overdrive (1988).

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Star Trek: The Next Generation

Star Trek: The Next Generation (abbreviated as TNG and ST:TNG) is an American science-fiction television series in the Star Trek franchise created by Gene Roddenberry that ran from 1987 to 1994.

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Star Wars

Star Wars is an American epic space opera media franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas.

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Statistical semantics

In linguistics, statistical semantics applies the methods of statistics to the problem of determining the meaning of words or phrases, ideally through unsupervised learning, to a degree of precision at least sufficient for the purpose of information retrieval.

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Stephen Hawking

Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.

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Strategic planning

Strategic planning is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy.

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Stuart J. Russell

Stuart Jonathan Russell (born 1962) is a computer scientist known for his contributions to artificial intelligence.

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Subsumption architecture

Subsumption architecture is a reactive robotic architecture heavily associated with behavior-based robotics which was very popular in the 1980s and 90s.

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Superintelligence

A superintelligence is a hypothetical agent that possesses intelligence far surpassing that of the brightest and most gifted human minds.

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Support vector machine

In machine learning, support vector machines (SVMs, also support vector networks) are supervised learning models with associated learning algorithms that analyze data used for classification and regression analysis.

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Sussman anomaly

The Sussman anomaly is a problem in artificial intelligence, first described by Gerald Sussman, that illustrates a weakness of noninterleaved planning algorithms, which were prominent in the early 1970s.

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Swarm intelligence

Swarm intelligence (SI) is the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, natural or artificial.

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Symbolic artificial intelligence

Symbolic artificial intelligence is the term for the collection of all methods in artificial intelligence research that are based on high-level "symbolic" (human-readable) representations of problems, logic and search.

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Synthetic intelligence

Synthetic intelligence (SI) is an alternative term for artificial intelligence which emphasizes that the intelligence of machines need not be an imitation or in any way artificial; it can be a genuine form of intelligence.

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TARDIS

The TARDIS ("Time And Relative Dimension In Space") is a fictional time machine and spacecraft that appears in the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who and its various spin-offs.

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Technological singularity

The technological singularity (also, simply, the singularity) is the hypothesis that the invention of artificial superintelligence (ASI) will abruptly trigger runaway technological growth, resulting in unfathomable changes to human civilization.

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Technology

Technology ("science of craft", from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia) is first robustly defined by Jacob Bigelow in 1829 as: "...principles, processes, and nomenclatures of the more conspicuous arts, particularly those which involve applications of science, and which may be considered useful, by promoting the benefit of society, together with the emolument of those who pursue them".

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TensorFlow

TensorFlow is an open-source software library for dataflow programming across a range of tasks.

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Terminator (character)

The Terminator (also known as T-800 and T-850) is a fictional character from the ''Terminator'' franchise portrayed by both Arnold Schwarzenegger and numerous actor stand-ins digitally overlaid with Schwarzenegger's likeness.

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Terminator (franchise)

The Terminator series is an American science-fiction franchise created by James Cameron and Gale Anne Hurd.

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Terminology extraction

Terminology extraction (also known as term extraction, glossary extraction, term recognition, or terminology mining) is a subtask of information extraction.

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Text mining

Text mining, also referred to as text data mining, roughly equivalent to text analytics, is the process of deriving high-quality information from text.

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The Animatrix

is a 2003 American–Japanese animated science fiction anthology film produced by the Wachowskis.

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The Bicentennial Man

"The Bicentennial Man" is a novelette in the ''Robot'' series by American writer Isaac Asimov.

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The City and the Stars

The City and the Stars is a science fiction novel by British writer Arthur C. Clarke, published in 1956.

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The Machine (film)

The Machine is a 2013 British science fiction thriller film directed and written by Caradog W. James.

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The Matrix

The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action film written and directed by The Wachowskis (credited as The Wachowski Brothers) and starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Hugo Weaving, and Joe Pantoliano.

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The Matrix (franchise)

The Matrix is a science fiction action media franchise created by The Wachowskis, about heroes who fight a desperate war against machine overlords that have enslaved humanity in an extremely sophisticated virtual reality system.

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The Oracle (The Matrix)

The Oracle is a fictional character in ''The Matrix'' franchise.

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Three Laws of Robotics

The Three Laws of Robotics (often shortened to The Three Laws or known as Asimov's Laws) are a set of rules devised by the science fiction author Isaac Asimov.

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Timeline of artificial intelligence

This is a timeline of artificial intelligence.

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Timeline of machine learning

This page is a timeline of machine learning.

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Timeline of machine translation

This is a timeline of machine translation.

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Timeline of optical character recognition

This is a timeline of optical character recognition.

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TOPIO

TOPIO ("TOSY Ping Pong Playing Robot") is a bipedal humanoid robot designed to play table tennis against a human being.

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Transcendence (2014 film)

Transcendence is a 2014 American science fiction thriller film directed by cinematographer Wally Pfister in his directorial debut, and written by Jack Paglen.

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Transformers

is a media franchise produced by American toy company Hasbro and Japanese toy company Takara Tomy.

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Transhumanism

Transhumanism (abbreviated as H+ or h+) is an international intellectual movement that aims to transform the human condition by developing and making widely available sophisticated technologies to greatly enhance human intellect and physiology.

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Turing test

The Turing test, developed by Alan Turing in 1950, is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

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Uncanny valley

In aesthetics, the uncanny valley is a hypothesized relationship between the degree of an object's resemblance to a human being and the emotional response to such an object.

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Universal Robotics

Universal Logic, Inc., formerly Universal Robotics, Inc., is an artificial intelligence software engineering and robotics integration company headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee.

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Unmanned combat aerial vehicle

An unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV), also known as a combat drone or simply a drone, is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that usually carries aircraft ordnance such as missiles and is used for drone strikes.

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User illusion

The user illusion is the illusion created for the user by a human–computer interface, for example the visual metaphor of a desktop used in many graphical user interfaces.

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Vehicle infrastructure integration

Vehicle Infrastructure Integration (VII) is an initiative fostering research and applications development for a series of technologies directly linking road vehicles to their physical surroundings, first and foremost in order to improve road safety.

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Video game bot

In video games, a bot is a type of AI expert system software that plays a video game in the place of a human.

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Virtual assistant

A virtual assistant is a software agent that can perform tasks or services for an individual.

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Virtual intelligence

Virtual intelligence is the term given to artificial intelligence that exists within a virtual world.

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Virtual reality

Virtual reality (VR) is an interactive computer-generated experience taking place within a simulated environment, that incorporates mainly auditory and visual, but also other types of sensory feedback like haptic.

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Viv (software)

Viv is an intelligent personal assistant software created by the developers of Siri.

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WALL-E

WALL-E (stylized with an interpunct as WALL·E) is a 2008 American computer-animated science fiction film produced by Pixar Animation Studios for Walt Disney Pictures.

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Walter Pitts

Walter Harry Pitts, Jr. (23 April 1923 – 14 May 1969) was a logician who worked in the field of computational neuroscience.

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WarGames

WarGames is a 1983 American Cold War science fiction film written by Lawrence Lasker and Walter F. Parkes and directed by John Badham.

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Warren Sturgis McCulloch

Warren Sturgis McCulloch (November 16, 1898 – September 24, 1969) was an American neurophysiologist and cybernetician, known for his work on the foundation for certain brain theories and his contribution to the cybernetics movement.

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Watson (computer)

Watson is a question-answering computer system capable of answering questions posed in natural language, developed in IBM's DeepQA project by a research team led by principal investigator David Ferrucci.

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Weak AI

Weak artificial intelligence (weak AI), also known as narrow AI, is artificial intelligence that is focused on one narrow task.

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Westworld (film)

Westworld is a 1973 American science fiction Western thriller film written and directed by novelist Michael Crichton about amusement park androids that malfunction and begin killing visitors.

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Wetware (brain)

Wetware is a term drawn from the computer-related idea of hardware or software, but applied to biological life forms.

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William Gibson

William Ford Gibson (born March 17, 1948) is an American-Canadian speculative fiction writer and essayist widely credited with pioneering the science fiction subgenre known as cyberpunk.

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X (company)

X, an American semi-secret research-and-development facility founded by Google in January 2010 as Google X, operates as a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. X has its headquarters about a mile and a half from Google's corporate headquarters, the Googleplex, in Mountain View, California.

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Xenocide

Xenocide (1991) is the third science fiction novel in the Ender's Game series of books by Orson Scott Card.

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List of artificial intelligence topics, List of basic artificial intelligence topics, Outline of AI, Outline of ai, Outline of philosophy of artificial intelligence, Topic outline of artificial intelligence, Topical outline of artificial intelligence.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_artificial_intelligence

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