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882 relations: -stan, A. K. Fazlul Huq, ABC-Clio, Abdul Qadeer Khan, Abdus Salam, Abul A'la Maududi, Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley, Achaemenid Empire, Acridotheres, Acronym, Administrative units of Pakistan, Aeronomy, Afghan Air Force, Afghan Arabs, Afghan mujahideen, Afghan refugees, Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes, Agriculture in Pakistan, Ahmadiyya in Pakistan, Akhand Bharat, Aksai Chin, Al Jazeera English, Alexander the Great, All India Radio, All-India Muslim League, Allama Iqbal International Airport, Alpine plant, Amazon (company), Amin al-Husseini, Anglo-Afghan War, Anglo-Sikh War, Animism, Arabian Sea, Architecture of the United Kingdom, Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia, Armenia, Armenia–Pakistan relations, Armenians in Pakistan, Arms Control Association, Artifact (archaeology), Ashoka, Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, Asian black bear, Asian Development Bank, Asif Ali Zardari, Assassination of Benazir Bhutto, Associated Press of Pakistan, Association football, Atomic Age, Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist), ... Expand index (832 more) »
- Countries and territories where Urdu is an official language
- Developing 8 Countries member states
- Federal republics
- Islamic republics
- Member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
- Pashto-speaking countries and territories
- Punjabi-speaking countries and territories
- Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations
- South Asian countries
- States and territories established in 1947
-stan
stan (Persian: ستان) has the meaning of "a place abounding in" or "a place where anything abounds" as a suffix.
A. K. Fazlul Huq
Abul Kasem Fazlul Huq (আবুল কাশেম ফজলুল হক; 26October 1873 – 27 April 1962), popularly known as Sher-e-Bangla (Lion of Bengal), was a Bengali lawyer and politician who presented the Lahore Resolution which had the objective of creating an independent Pakistan.
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ABC-Clio
ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.
Abdul Qadeer Khan
Abdul Qadeer Khan, (عبد القدیر خان; 1 April 1936 – 10 October 2021), known as A. Q. Khan, was a Pakistani nuclear physicist and metallurgical engineer who is colloquially known as the "father of Pakistan's atomic weapons program".
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Abdus Salam
Mohammad Abdus Salam Salam adopted the forename "Mohammad" in 1974 in response to the anti-Ahmadiyya decrees in Pakistan, similarly he grew his beard.
Abul A'la Maududi
Abul A'la al-Maududi (ابو الاعلی المودودی|translit.
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Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
Around 535 BCE, the Persian king Cyrus the Great initiated a protracted campaign to absorb parts of India into his nascent Achaemenid Empire.
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Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
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Acridotheres
Acridotheres is a genus of starlings, the "typical" mynas, which are tropical members of the family Sturnidae.
Acronym
An acronym is an abbreviation of a phrase that usually consists of the initial letter of each word in all caps with no punctuation.
Administrative units of Pakistan
The administrative units of Pakistan comprise four provinces, one federal territory, and two disputed territories: the provinces of Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan; the Islamabad Capital Territory; and the administrative territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and Gilgit–Baltistan.
See Pakistan and Administrative units of Pakistan
Aeronomy
Aeronomy is the scientific study of the upper atmosphere of the Earth and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets.
Afghan Air Force
The General Command of the Air Force,(Dari: فرماندهی کل نیروی هوایی) also referred to as the Islamic Emirate Air Force and the Afghan Air Force, is the air force branch of the Afghan Armed Forces.
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Afghan Arabs
Afghan Arabs (also known as Arab-Afghans) are Arab and other Muslim Islamist mujahideen who came to Afghanistan during and following the Soviet–Afghan War to aid the war efforts of native Muslims in the DRA.
Afghan mujahideen
The Afghan mujahideen (translit; translit) were Islamist resistance groups that fought against the Republic of Afghanistan and the Soviet Union during the Soviet–Afghan War and the subsequent First Afghan Civil War.
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Afghan refugees
Afghan refugees are citizens of Afghanistan who were forced to flee from their country as a result the continuous wars that the country has suffered since the Afghan-Soviet war, the Afghan civil war, the Afghanistan war (2001–2021) or either political or religious persecution.
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Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
A series of occasional armed skirmishes and firefights have occurred along the Afghanistan–Pakistan border between the Afghan Armed Forces and the Pakistan Armed Forces since 1949.
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Agriculture in Pakistan
Agriculture is considered the backbone of Pakistan's economy, which relies heavily on its major crops.
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Ahmadiyya in Pakistan
Ahmadiyya in Pakistan are members of the Ahmadiyya Community.
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Akhand Bharat
Akhand Bharat, also known as Akhand Hindustan, is a term for the concept of a unified Greater India.
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Aksai Chin
Aksai Chin is a region administered by the People's Republic of China (PRC) partly in Hotan County, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang and partly in Rutog County, Ngari Prefecture, Tibet and constituting the easternmost portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and the PRC as well as the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan since 1959.
Al Jazeera English
Al Jazeera English (AJE; lit) is a 24-hour English-language news channel operating under Al Jazeera Media Network, which is partially funded by the government of Qatar.
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Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
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All India Radio
All India Radio (AIR), also known as Akashvani, is an Indian state-owned public radio broadcaster founded by the Government of India, owned by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting and one of Prasar Bharati's two divisions.
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All-India Muslim League
The All-India Muslim League (AIML), simply called the Muslim League, was a political party established in Dhaka in 1906 when some well-known Muslim politicians met the Viceroy of India, Lord Minto, with the goal of securing Muslim interests in British India.
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Allama Iqbal International Airport
Allama Iqbal International Airport (Punjabi, علامہ اقبال بین الاقوامی/انترراشٹری ہوائی اڈا) is the third largest civilian airport by traffic in Pakistan, after Jinnah International Airport, Karachi and Islamabad International Airport.
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Alpine plant
Alpine plants are plants that grow in an alpine climate, which occurs at high elevation and above the tree line.
Amazon (company)
Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon, is an American multinational technology company, engaged in e-commerce, cloud computing, online advertising, digital streaming, and artificial intelligence.
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Amin al-Husseini
Mohammed Amin al-Husseini (محمد أمين الحسيني; 4 July 1974) was a Palestinian Arab nationalist and Muslim leader in Mandatory Palestine.
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Anglo-Afghan War
Anglo-Afghan Wars may refer to.
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Anglo-Sikh War
Anglo-Sikh War may refer to.
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Animism
Animism (from meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
Arabian Sea
The Arabian Sea (हिन्दी|Hindī: सिंधु सागर, baḥr al-ʿarab) is a region of sea in the northern Indian Ocean, bounded on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel, on the northwest by Gulf of Oman and Iran, on the north by Pakistan, on the east by India, and on the southeast by the Laccadive Sea and the Maldives, on the southwest by Somalia.
Architecture of the United Kingdom
The architecture of the United Kingdom, or British architecture, consists of a combination of architectural styles, dating as far back to Roman architecture, to the present day 21st century contemporary.
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Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia
The Saudi Arabian Armed Forces (SAAF) (Al-Quwwat al-Musallahah al-Malakiyah as-Su’ūdiyah), also known as the Royal Saudi Armed Forces, is part of the military forces of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Armenia
Armenia, officially the Republic of Armenia, is a landlocked country in the Armenian Highlands of West Asia. Pakistan and Armenia are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Armenia–Pakistan relations
The Republic of Armenia and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have never had formal diplomatic relations.
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Armenians in Pakistan
The Armenians in Pakistan are ethnic Armenians living in the present country of Pakistan.
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Arms Control Association
The Arms Control Association is a United States-based nonpartisan membership organization founded in 1971, with the self-stated mission of "promoting public understanding of and support for effective arms control policies." The group publishes the monthly magazine Arms Control Today.
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Artifact (archaeology)
An artifact or artefact (British English) is a general term for an item made or given shape by humans, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an object of archaeological interest.
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Ashoka
Ashoka, also known as Asoka or Aśoka (– 232 BCE), and popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was Emperor of Magadha in the Indian subcontinent from until 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynasty.
Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies
The Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (DKI APCSS) is a U.S. Department of Defense institute that officially opened Sept.
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Asian black bear
The Asian black bear (Ursus thibetanus), also known as the Indian black bear, Asiatic black bear, moon bear and white-chested bear, is a medium-sized bear species native to Asia that is largely adapted to an arboreal lifestyle.
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Asian Development Bank
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a regional development bank established on 19 December 1966, which is headquartered in 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong, Metro Manila 1550, Philippines.
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Asif Ali Zardari
Asif Ali Zardari (آصف علی زرداری; آصف علي زرداري; born 26 July 1955) is a Pakistani politician serving as the 14th president of Pakistan since 10 March 2024.
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Assassination of Benazir Bhutto
The assassination of Benazir Bhutto (بینظیر بھُٹو کا قتل) took place on 27 December 2007 in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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Associated Press of Pakistan
Associated Press of Pakistan (APP) (Urdu) is a government-operated national news agency of Pakistan.
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Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
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Atomic Age
The Atomic Age, also known as the Atomic Era, is the period of history following the detonation of the first nuclear weapon, The Gadget at the Trinity test in New Mexico on 16 July 1945 during World War II.
Atta-ur-Rahman (chemist)
Atta-ur-Rahman (Urdu: عطاالرحمان; b. 22 September 1942), h-index 75, with 36,000 citations is a Pakistani organic chemist and is currently serving as Professor Emeritus at the International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences at the University of Karachi and as Chairman of PM Task Force on Science and Technology.
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Aurangzeb
Muhi al-Din Muhammad (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known as italics, was the sixth Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707.
Author Solutions
Author Solutions is the parent company of the self publishing companies/imprints AuthorHouse, iUniverse, Trafford Publishing, Xlibris, Palibrio, and Booktango.
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AuthorHouse
AuthorHouse, formerly known as 1stBooks, is a self-publishing company based in the United States.
Awami League
The Bangladesh Awami League (বাংলাদেশ আওয়ামী লীগ), often simply called the Awami League, is one of the major political parties in Bangladesh.
Ayub Khan
Muhammad Ayub Khan (14 May 190719 April 1974), better known as Ayub Khan, was a Pakistani military officer who served as the second president of Pakistan from 1958 to 1969. Pakistan and Ayub Khan are world Constitutional Convention call signatories.
Ayub Ommaya
Ayub Khan Ommaya, MD, ScD (hc), FRCS, FACS (1930 - 2008) was a Pakistani American neurosurgeon and the inventor of the Ommaya reservoir.
Azad Kashmir
Azad Jammu and Kashmir abbreviated as AJK and colloquially referred to as simply Azad Kashmir, is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entitySee. Pakistan and Azad Kashmir are countries and territories where Urdu is an official language and states and territories established in 1947.
Azadirachta indica
Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae.
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Bacha Khan International Airport
Bacha Khan International Airport, formerly known as Peshawar International Airport, is an international airport located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
The Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) is the modern archaeological designation for a particular Middle Bronze Age civilisation of southern Central Asia, also known as the Oxus Civilization.
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Badr-1
Badr-1 (بدر-۱, meaning Full Moon-A) was the first artificial and the first digital communications satellite launched by Pakistan's national space authority — the SUPARCO — in 1990.
Badshahi Mosque
The Badshahi Mosque (بادشاہی مسیت, Bādshā'ī Masīt; بادشاہی مسجد|Bādshāhī Masjid) is a Mughal-era imperial mosque located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Bahawalpur (princely state)
Bahawalpur (Urdu, بہاولپُور) was a princely state in subsidiary alliance with British Raj and later Dominion of Pakistan, that was a part of the Punjab States Agency.
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Baháʼí Faith in Pakistan
The Baháʼí Faith originated in the 19th century Persian empire, and soon spread into the neighboring British India, which is now Pakistan and other states.
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Baloch people
The Baloch or Baluch (Balòc) are a nomadic, pastoral, ethnic group which speaks the Western Iranic Baloch language and is native to the Balochistan region of South and Western Asia, encompassing the countries of Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan.
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Balochi Academy
The Balochi Academy is an autonomous institution under the government of the Pakistani province of Balochistan, that fosters the Balochi language, literature and culture.
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Balochi language
Balochi (rtl, romanized) is a Northwestern Iranian language, spoken primarily in the Balochistan region of Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan.
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Balochistan, Pakistan
Balochistan (بلۏچستان; بلوچستان) is a province of Pakistan.
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Balti language
Balti (Nastaʿlīq script:, Tibetan script: སྦལ་ཏི།) is a Tibetic language natively spoken by the ethnic Balti people in the Baltistan region of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, Nubra Valley of the Leh district and in the Kargil district of Ladakh, India.
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Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province)
The Chief Commissioner's Province of British Baluchistan was a province of British India established in 1876.
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Baluchistan Agency
The Baluchistan Agency (also spelt Balochistan Agency) was one of the agencies of British India during the colonial era.
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Bangladesh
Bangladesh, officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh, is a country in South Asia. Pakistan and Bangladesh are countries in Asia, developing 8 Countries member states, member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, member states of the United Nations, republics in the Commonwealth of Nations and south Asian countries.
Bangladesh Liberation War
The Bangladesh Liberation War (মুক্তিযুদ্ধ), also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence and known as the Liberation War in Bangladesh, was an armed conflict sparked by the rise of the Bengali nationalist and self-determination movement in East Pakistan, which resulted in the independence of Bangladesh.
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Barron's
Barron's (stylized in all caps) is an American weekly magazine/newspaper published by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corp, since 1921.
Battle of Miani
The Battle of Miani (or Battle of Meeanee) was a battle between forces of the Bombay Army of the East India Company, under the command of Charles Napier and the Baloch army of Talpur Amirs of Sindh, led by Mir Nasir Khan Talpur.
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Battle of the Hydaspes
The Battle of the Hydaspes also known as Battle of Jhelum, or First Battle of Jhelum, was fought between Alexander the Great and Porus in May of 326 BCE.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto (21 June 1953 – 27 December 2007) was a Pakistani politician and stateswoman who served as the 11th and 13th prime minister of Pakistan from 1988 to 1990 and again from 1993 to 1996.
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Bengal
Geographical distribution of the Bengali language Bengal (Bôṅgo) or endonym Bangla (Bāṅlā) is a historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.
Bengal Renaissance
The Bengal Renaissance (Bāṅlār Nôbôjāgôrôṇ), also known as the Bengali Renaissance, was a cultural, social, intellectual, and artistic movement that took place in the Bengal region of the British Raj, from the late 18th century to the early 20th century.
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Bengali nationalism
Bengali nationalism (বাঙালি জাতীয়তাবাদ) is a form of nationalism that focuses on Bengalis as a single ethnicity by rejecting imposition of other languages and cultures while promoting its own in Bengal.
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Bengalis in Pakistan
Bengalis in Pakistan are ethnic Bengali people who had lived in either West Pakistan or East Pakistan prior to 1971 or live in present-day Pakistan.
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Bicameralism
Bicameralism is a type of legislature that is divided into two separate assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature.
Bloomsbury Publishing
Bloomsbury Publishing plc is a British worldwide publishing house of fiction and non-fiction.
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Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Босна и Херцеговина), sometimes known as Bosnia-Herzegovina and informally as Bosnia, is a country in Southeast Europe, situated on the Balkan Peninsula. Pakistan and Bosnia and Herzegovina are federal republics and member states of the United Nations.
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Brahui language
Brahui (براہوئی|; also known as Brahvi or Brohi) is a Dravidian language spoken by the Brahui people who are mainly found in the central Balochistan Province of Pakistan, with smaller communities of speakers scattered in parts of Iranian Baluchestan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan (around Merv) and by expatriate Brahui communities in Iraq, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates.
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Brahui people
The Brahui (براہوئی), Brahvi, or Brohi are an ethnic group of pastoralists principally found in Pakistan, and to a smaller extent in Afghanistan and Iran.
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BRIC
BRIC is a term describing the foreign investment strategies grouping acronym that stands for Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
BRICS
BRICS is an intergovernmental organization comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the United Arab Emirates.
Brighton
Brighton is a seaside resort and one of the two main areas of the city of Brighton and Hove in the county of East Sussex, England.
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
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British Council
The British Council is a British organisation specialising in international cultural and educational opportunities.
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British cuisine
British cuisine is the specific set of cooking traditions and practices associated with the United Kingdom, including the cuisines of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
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British Raj
The British Raj (from Hindustani, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent,.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Brookings Institution
The Brookings Institution, often stylized as Brookings, is an American think tank that conducts research and education in the social sciences, primarily in economics (and tax policy), metropolitan policy, governance, foreign policy, global economy, and economic development.
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Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
Buddhism in Pakistan
Buddhism in Pakistan took root some 2,300 years ago under the Mauryan king Ashoka who sent missionaries to the Kashmira-Gandhara region of North West Pakistan extending into Afghanistan, following the Third Buddhist council in Pataliputra (modern India).
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Buddhist architecture
Buddhist religious architecture developed in the Indian subcontinent.
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Bulleh Shah
Sayyid Abdullah Shah Qadri (1680–1757), known popularly as Baba Bulleh Shah and Bulleya, was a 17th and 18th-century Punjabi revolutionary philosopher, reformer and a Sufi poet, universally regarded as the "Father of Punjabi Enlightenment".
Burmese people
Burmese people or Myanma people (မြန်မာလူမျိုး) are citizens or people from Myanmar (Burma), irrespective of their ethnic or religious background.
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C. Hurst & Co.
Hurst Publishers (C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd) is an independent non-fiction publisher based in the Bloomsbury area of London.
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Cabinet of Pakistan
The Cabinet of Pakistan (کابینہِ پاکستان, Kābīnā-e-Pākistān) is a formal body composed of senior government officials chosen and led by the Prime Minister.
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Cambridge Assessment International Education
Cambridge Assessment International Education (informally known as Cambridge International or simply Cambridge and formerly known as CIE, Cambridge International Examinations) is a provider of international qualifications, offering examinations and qualifications to 10,000 schools in more than 160 countries.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
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Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) is a nonpartisan international affairs think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., with operations in Europe, South and East Asia, and the Middle East as well as the United States.
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Catholic Church in Pakistan
The Catholic Church in Pakistan is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the pope in Rome.
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Cedrus deodara
Cedrus deodara, the deodar cedar, Himalayan cedar, or deodar, is a species of cedar native to the Himalayas.
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Cell Press
Cell Press is an all-science publisher of over 50 scientific journals across the life, physical, earth, and health sciences, both independently and in partnership with scientific societies.
Central Asia
Central Asia is a subregion of Asia that stretches from the Caspian Sea in the southwest and Eastern Europe in the northwest to Western China and Mongolia in the east, and from Afghanistan and Iran in the south to Russia in the north.
Central Asian cuisine
Central Asian cuisine has been influenced by Persian, Indian, Arab, Turkish, Chinese, Mongol, African and Russian cultures, as well as the culinary traditions of other varied nomadic and sedentary civilizations.
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Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
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Chagai-I
Chagai-I is the code name of five simultaneous underground nuclear tests conducted by Pakistan at 15:15 hrs PKT on 28 May 1998.
Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) (صدرنشین مجلسِ مشترکہَ رؤسائے افواجِ پاکستان) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most uniformed military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a Principal Staff Officer and a chief military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council.
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Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan
The chairman of the Senate of Pakistan (صدر ایوانِ بالا) is the president-chair of the Senate of Pakistan.
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Chandragupta Maurya
Chandragupta Maurya (350–295 BCE) was the Emperor of Magadha from 322 BC to 297 BC and founder of the Maurya dynasty which ruled over a geographically-extensive empire based in Magadha.
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Chashma Nuclear Power Complex
The Chashma Nuclear Power Plant (or CHASNUPP) is a large commercial nuclear power plant located at Chashma in Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman (چودھری خلیق الزمان) (25 December 1889 — 18 May 1973) was a Pakistani politician and Muslim figurehead during British India.
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Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.
Chief Justice of Pakistan
The chief justice of Pakistan (initials as CJP; منصفِ اعظمپاکستان, Munsif-e-Āzam Pākistān) is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and is the highest-ranking officer of the Pakistani judiciary.
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Chiffon (fabric)
Chiffon (from the French word which means "cloth or rag"; is a lightweight, balanced plain-woven sheer fabric, or gauze, like gossamer, woven of alternate S- and Z-twist crepe (high-twist) yarns.Kadolph, Sara J., ed.: Textiles, 10 th edition, Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2007,, p. 230. Crepe yarn tends to have a tighter twist than standard yarns.
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Chili powder
Chili powder (also spelled chile, chilli, or, alternatively, powdered chili) is the dried, pulverized fruit of one or more varieties of chili pepper, sometimes with the addition of other spices (in which case it is also sometimes known as chili powder blend or chili seasoning mix).
China–Pakistan Free Trade Agreement
The China–Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA) is a free trade agreement (FTA) between the People's Republic of China and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan that seeks to increase trade and strengthen the partnership between the two countries.
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China–Pakistan relations
China–Pakistan relations (中国—巴基斯坦关系; چین پاک تعلقات), also referred to as Chinese-Pakistani relations or Sino–Pakistani relations, refers to the bilateral relations between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of China (PRC).
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Chinkara
The chinkara (Gazella bennettii), also known as the Indian gazelle, is a gazelle species native to India, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Cholistan Desert
The Cholistan Desert (صحرائے چولستان; Punjabi), also locally known as Rohi, is a desert in the southern part of Punjab, Pakistan that forms part of the Greater Thar Desert, which extends to Sindh province and the Indian state of Rajasthan.
See Pakistan and Cholistan Desert
Choudhry Rahmat Ali
Choudhry Rahmat Ali (Punjabi, چودھری رحمت علی;; 16 November 1897 – 3 February 1951) was a Pakistani nationalist who was one of the earliest proponents of the creation of the state of Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Choudhry Rahmat Ali
Christianity in Pakistan
Christianity is the third largest religion in Pakistan, making up about 1.37% of the population according to the 2023 Census.
See Pakistan and Christianity in Pakistan
Civil–military relations
Civil–military relations (Civ-Mil or CMR) describes the relationship between military organizations and civil society, military organizations and other government bureaucracies, and leaders and the military.
See Pakistan and Civil–military relations
Classical Association
The Classical Association (CA) is an educational organisation which aims to promote and widen access to the study of classical subjects in the United Kingdom.
See Pakistan and Classical Association
Clement Attlee
Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, (3 January 18838 October 1967) was a British statesman and Labour Party politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1935 to 1955. Pakistan and Clement Attlee are world Constitutional Convention call signatories.
See Pakistan and Clement Attlee
Climate of Pakistan
Pakistan's climate varies from a continental type of climate in the north (Gilgit-Baltistan,Kashmir,KPK), a mountainous dry climate in the west (Baluchistan), a wet climate in the East (Punjab) an arid climate in the Thar Desert, to a tropical climate in the southeast (Sindh), characterized by extreme variations in temperature, both seasonally and daily, because it is located on a great landmass barely north of the Tropic of Cancer (between latitudes 25° and 37° N).
See Pakistan and Climate of Pakistan
Coal-fired power station
A coal-fired power station or coal power plant is a thermal power station which burns coal to generate electricity.
See Pakistan and Coal-fired power station
Coconut
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos.
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Columbia University
Columbia University, officially Columbia University in the City of New York, is a private Ivy League research university in New York City.
See Pakistan and Columbia University
Commander-in-chief
A commander-in-chief or supreme commander is the person who exercises supreme command and control over an armed force or a military branch.
See Pakistan and Commander-in-chief
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
Commonwealth of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, often simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is an international association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire from which it developed.
See Pakistan and Commonwealth of Nations
Community college
A community college is a type of undergraduate higher education institution, generally leading to an associate degree, certificate, or diploma.
See Pakistan and Community college
Computer science
Computer science is the study of computation, information, and automation.
See Pakistan and Computer science
Condensed matter physics
Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic and microscopic physical properties of matter, especially the solid and liquid phases, that arise from electromagnetic forces between atoms and electrons.
See Pakistan and Condensed matter physics
Congressional Research Service
The Congressional Research Service (CRS) is a public policy research institute of the United States Congress.
See Pakistan and Congressional Research Service
Conscription
Conscription is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service.
Constitution of Pakistan
The Constitution of Pakistan (آئینِ پاکستان; ISO: Āīn-ē-Pākistān), also known as the 1973 Constitution, is the supreme law of Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Constitution of Pakistan
Constitution of Pakistan of 1956
The Constitution of 1956 was the fundamental law of Pakistan from March 1956 until the 1958 Pakistani coup d'état.
See Pakistan and Constitution of Pakistan of 1956
Constitution of Pakistan of 1962
The Constitution of 1962 was the fundamental law of Republic of Pakistan from 8 June 1962 until martial law was declared in 25 March 1969.
See Pakistan and Constitution of Pakistan of 1962
Consumer price index
A consumer price index (CPI) is a price index, the price of a weighted average market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households.
See Pakistan and Consumer price index
Convention on Biological Diversity
The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), known informally as the Biodiversity Convention, is a multilateral treaty.
See Pakistan and Convention on Biological Diversity
Conventional warfare
Conventional warfare is a form of warfare conducted by using conventional weapons and battlefield tactics between two or more states in open confrontation.
See Pakistan and Conventional warfare
Corporate sector of Pakistan
The Corporate sector of Pakistan (otherwise attributed as the Corporatization; or/ simply referred to as the Pakistan Inc.) is an elite business sector expanded in financial cities of Pakistan, and a policy measure programme in the economic period of Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Corporate sector of Pakistan
Corruption in Pakistan
Corruption in Pakistan is widespread, and extends to every sector from government to judiciary, police, health services, education, and military.
See Pakistan and Corruption in Pakistan
Council of Islamic Ideology
Council of Islamic Ideology (CII; (اِسلامی نظریاتی کونسل) is a constitutional body of Pakistan, responsible for giving legal advice on Islamic issues to the government and the Parliament. This body was founded in 1962 under the government of Ayub Khan.
See Pakistan and Council of Islamic Ideology
Counterterrorism
Counterterrorism (alternatively spelled: counter-terrorism), also known as anti-terrorism, relates to the practices, military tactics, techniques, and strategies that governments, law enforcement, businesses, and intelligence agencies use to combat or eliminate terrorism.
See Pakistan and Counterterrorism
CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.
CreateSpace
On-Demand Publishing, LLC, doing business as CreateSpace, was a self-publishing service owned by Amazon.
Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game that is played between two teams of eleven players on a field, at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps.
Cricket World Cup
The Cricket World Cup (officially known as ICC Men's Cricket World Cup) is the international championship of One Day International (ODI) cricket.
See Pakistan and Cricket World Cup
Crow
A crow (pronounced) is a bird of the genus Corvus, or more broadly, a synonym for all of Corvus.
Culture of Pakistan
The culture of Pakistan (پاکستانی ثقافت) is based in the Indo-Persian cultural matrix that constitutes a foundation plank of South Asian Muslim identity.
See Pakistan and Culture of Pakistan
Curry
Curry is a dish with a sauce or gravy seasoned with spices, mainly associated with South Asian cuisine.
Daily Times (Pakistan)
The Daily Times (DT) is an English-language Pakistani newspaper.
See Pakistan and Daily Times (Pakistan)
Dalbergia sissoo
Dalbergia sissoo, known commonly as North Indian rosewood or shisham, is a fast-growing, hardy, deciduous rosewood tree native to the Indian subcontinent and southern Iran.
See Pakistan and Dalbergia sissoo
Date and time notation in Pakistan
Date and time notation in Pakistan is based on the Gregorian and Islamic calendars.
See Pakistan and Date and time notation in Pakistan
Date palm
Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as the date palm, is a flowering-plant species in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit called dates.
Dawah
(دعوة,, "invitation", also spelt dâvah,,, or dakwah) is the act of inviting people to Islam.
Dawn (newspaper)
Dawn is a Pakistani English-language newspaper that was launched in British India by Jinnah in 1941.
See Pakistan and Dawn (newspaper)
Dawn News
Dawn News is a Pakistani 24-hour Urdu news channel.
Daylight saving time
Daylight saving time (DST), also referred to as daylight saving(s), daylight savings time, daylight time (United States and Canada), or summer time (United Kingdom, European Union, and others), is the practice of advancing clocks to make better use of the longer daylight available during summer so that darkness falls at a later clock time.
See Pakistan and Daylight saving time
Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the sixth president of Pakistan, died in an aircraft crash on 17 August 1988 in Bahawalpur near the Sutlej River.
See Pakistan and Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.
Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for 320 years (1206–1526).
See Pakistan and Delhi Sultanate
Demetrius I of Bactria
Demetrius I Anicetus (Dēmētrios Anikētos, "Demetrius the unconquered"), also called Damaytra was a Greco-Bactrian and later Indo-Greek king (Yona in Pali language, "Yavana" in Sanskrit) (reigned c. 200–167 BC), who ruled areas from Bactria to ancient northwestern India.
See Pakistan and Demetrius I of Bactria
Democracy in Pakistan
Politics in Pakistan refers to the ideologies and systems by which Pakistan was established in 1947.
See Pakistan and Democracy in Pakistan
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA), renamed the Republic of Afghanistan in 1987, was the Afghan state during the one-party rule of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) from 1978 to 1992.
See Pakistan and Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
Demolition of the Babri Masjid
The demolition of the Babri Masjid was carried out on 6 December 1992 by a large group of activists of the Vishva Hindu Parishad and allied organisations.
See Pakistan and Demolition of the Babri Masjid
Deobandi movement
The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law.
See Pakistan and Deobandi movement
Deutsche Welle
("German Wave"), commonly shortened to DW, is a German public, state-owned international broadcaster funded by the German federal tax budget.
See Pakistan and Deutsche Welle
Developing country
A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
See Pakistan and Developing country
Diplomat
A diplomat (from δίπλωμα; romanized diploma) is a person appointed by a state, intergovernmental, or nongovernmental institution to conduct diplomacy with one or more other states or international organizations.
Districts of Pakistan
The districts of Pakistan (اِضلاعِ پاكِستان) are the third-level administrative divisions of Pakistan, below provinces and divisions, but forming the first-tier of local government.
See Pakistan and Districts of Pakistan
Dominion of Pakistan
The Dominion of Pakistan, officially Pakistan, was an independent federal dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations, existing between 14 August 1947 and 23 March 1956, created by the passing of the Indian Independence Act 1947 by the British parliament, which also created an independent Dominion of India. Pakistan and dominion of Pakistan are 1947 establishments in Pakistan and states and territories established in 1947.
See Pakistan and Dominion of Pakistan
Dominique Lapierre
Dominique Lapierre (30 July 1931 – 2 December 2022) was a French author.
See Pakistan and Dominique Lapierre
Duke University Press
Duke University Press is an academic publisher and university press affiliated with Duke University.
See Pakistan and Duke University Press
Durand Line
The Durand Line (د ډیورنډ کرښه; ڈیورنڈ لائن; خط دیورند), also known as the Afghanistan–Pakistan border, is a international border between Afghanistan and Pakistan in South Asia.
Durrani Empire
The Durrani Empire, or the Afghan Empire, also known as the Sadozai Kingdom, was an Afghan empire founded by the Durrani tribe of Pashtuns under Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, which spanned parts of Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indian subcontinent.
See Pakistan and Durrani Empire
Eagle
Eagle is the common name for the golden eagle, bald eagle, and other birds of prey in the family Accipitridae.
East Bengal
East Bengal (পূর্ব বাংলা/পূর্ববঙ্গ Purbô Bangla/Purbôbongo) was a non-contiguous province of the Dominion of Pakistan. Pakistan and East Bengal are states and territories established in 1947.
East India Company
The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874.
See Pakistan and East India Company
East Pakistan
East Pakistan was the eastern province of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.
See Pakistan and East Pakistan
Easter
Easter, also called Pascha (Aramaic, Greek, Latin) or Resurrection Sunday, is a Christian festival and cultural holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, described in the New Testament as having occurred on the third day of his burial following his crucifixion by the Romans at Calvary.
Economic and Political Weekly
The Economic and Political Weekly (EPW) is a weekly peer-reviewed academic journal covering all social sciences, and is published by the Sameeksha Trust.
See Pakistan and Economic and Political Weekly
Economic Cooperation Organization
The Economic Cooperation Organization or ECO is a Eurasian political and economic intergovernmental organization that was founded in 1985 in Tehran by the leaders of Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey.
See Pakistan and Economic Cooperation Organization
Economic liberalisation in Pakistan
Pakistan began a period of economic liberalisation in the 1990s to promote and accelerate economic independence, development, and GDP growth.
See Pakistan and Economic liberalisation in Pakistan
Economy of Karachi
Karachi is the financial and industrial capital of Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Economy of Karachi
Education in Pakistan
Education in Pakistan is overseen by the Federal Ministry of Education and the provincial governments, while the federal government mostly assists in curriculum development, accreditation and the financing of research and development.
See Pakistan and Education in Pakistan
Education reform
Education reform is the name given to the goal of changing public education.
See Pakistan and Education reform
Effort to impeach Pervez Musharraf
The effort to impeach Pervez Musharraf was an August 2008 attempt by opposition parties comprising the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N), Awami National Party (ANP), and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam to force Pakistan's President Pervez Musharraf out of office.
See Pakistan and Effort to impeach Pervez Musharraf
Eid al-Adha
Eid al-Adha is the second of the two main holidays in Islam alongside Eid al-Fitr.
Eid al-Fitr
Eid al-Fitr (lit) is the earlier of the two official holidays celebrated within Islam (the other being Eid al-Adha).
Eight-thousander
The eight-thousanders are the 14 mountains recognised by the International Mountaineering and Climbing Federation (UIAA) as being more than in height above sea level, and sufficiently independent of neighbouring peaks.
See Pakistan and Eight-thousander
Electoral College (Pakistan)
The President of Pakistan is chosen by an electoral college (جماعت انتخاب کنندگان), in Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Electoral College (Pakistan)
Electricity distribution companies of Pakistan
Distribution companies (DISCOs) are companies under Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) responsible for distribution of electricity in their respective allocated areas.
See Pakistan and Electricity distribution companies of Pakistan
Electricity generation
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.
See Pakistan and Electricity generation
Electricity sector in Pakistan
Electricity in Pakistan is generated, transmitted and distributed by two vertically integrated public sector companies, first one being Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA) responsible for the production of hydroelectricity and its supply to the consumers by electricity distribution companies (DISCOS) under the Pakistan Electric Power Company (PEPCO) being the other integrated company.
See Pakistan and Electricity sector in Pakistan
Electronic engineering
Electronic engineering is a sub-discipline of electrical engineering that emerged in the early 20th century and is distinguished by the additional use of active components such as semiconductor devices to amplify and control electric current flow.
See Pakistan and Electronic engineering
Electroweak interaction
In particle physics, the electroweak interaction or electroweak force is the unified description of two of the four known fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism (electromagnetic interaction) and the weak interaction.
See Pakistan and Electroweak interaction
Elsevier
Elsevier is a Dutch academic publishing company specializing in scientific, technical, and medical content.
English-medium education
An English-medium education system is one that uses English as the primary medium of instruction—particularly where English is not the mother tongue of students.
See Pakistan and English-medium education
Enlightened moderation
Enlightened moderation is a term coined by a former Pakistani president, Pervez Musharraf; it applies to practicing a moderate Islam, as opposed to the interpretations of fundamentalist Islam.
See Pakistan and Enlightened moderation
Enriched uranium
Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 (written 235U) has been increased through the process of isotope separation.
See Pakistan and Enriched uranium
Ephedra (plant)
Ephedra is a genus of gymnosperm shrubs.
See Pakistan and Ephedra (plant)
Eritrea
Eritrea (or; Ertra), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of Eastern Africa, with its capital and largest city at Asmara. Pakistan and Eritrea are member states of the United Nations.
ETH Zurich
ETH Zurich (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich; Federal Institute of Technology Zurich) is a public research university in Zürich, Switzerland.
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa. Pakistan and Ethiopia are federal republics and member states of the United Nations.
Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Pakistan is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country.
See Pakistan and Ethnic groups in Pakistan
Ethnolinguistic group
An ethnolinguistic group (or ethno-linguistic group) is a group that is unified by both a common ethnicity and language.
See Pakistan and Ethnolinguistic group
Etiquette in Pakistan
In Pakistan, Islamic culture is predominant, but Pakistan also has its own cultural etiquette based mainly on South Asian influences.
See Pakistan and Etiquette in Pakistan
Eurasian Plate
The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate that includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia), with the notable exceptions of the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian subcontinent and the area east of the Chersky Range in eastern Siberia.
See Pakistan and Eurasian Plate
Extended family
An extended family is a family that extends beyond the nuclear family of parents and their children to include aunts, uncles, grandparents, cousins or other relatives, all living nearby or in the same household.
See Pakistan and Extended family
Faisal Mosque
The Faisal Mosque (فیصل مسجد|faisal masjid) is the national mosque of Pakistan, located in the capital city, Islamabad.
See Pakistan and Faisal Mosque
Faisalabad
Faisalabad (Punjabi, فیصل آباد), formerly known as Lyallpur (Punjabi), is the second largest city and industrial centre of the Pakistani province of Punjab.
Faisalabad International Airport
Faisalabad International Airport is an international airport and standby Pakistan Air Force military base situated on Jhang Road, southwest of the city centre of Faisalabad, in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Faisalabad International Airport
Faiz Ahmad Faiz
Faiz Ahmad Faiz (Punjabi, فیض احمد فیض, فیض احمد فیض; 13 February 1911 – 20 November 1984) was a Pakistani poet and author of Punjabi and Urdu literature.
See Pakistan and Faiz Ahmad Faiz
Falcon
Falcons are birds of prey in the genus Falco, which includes about 40 species. Some small species of falcons with long, narrow wings are called hobbies, and some that hover while hunting are called kestrels. Falcons are widely distributed on all continents of the world except Antarctica, though closely related raptors did occur there in the Eocene.
Fashion Pakistan Week
Pakistan Fashion Week (PFW) is a fashion event annually held in Karachi, Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Fashion Pakistan Week
Federal Investigation Agency
The Federal Investigation Agency (وفاقی تحقیقاتی ایجنسی; reporting name: FIA) is a border control, criminal investigation, counter-intelligence and security agency under the control of the Interior Secretary of Pakistan, tasked with investigative jurisdiction on undertaking operations against terrorism, espionage, federal crimes, smuggling as well as infringement and other specific crimes.
See Pakistan and Federal Investigation Agency
Federal parliamentary republic
A federal parliamentary republic refers to a federation of states with a republican form of government that is, more or less, dependent upon the confidence of parliaments at both the national and sub-national levels.
See Pakistan and Federal parliamentary republic
Federal Shariat Court
The Federal Shariat Court (FSC) is a constitutional islamic religious court of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, which has the power to examine and determine whether the laws of the country comply with Sharia law.
See Pakistan and Federal Shariat Court
Federally Administered Tribal Areas
The Federally Administered Tribal Areas, commonly known as FATA, was a semi-autonomous tribal region in north-western Pakistan that existed from 1947 until being merged with the neighbouring province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2018 through the Twenty-fifth amendment to the constitution of Pakistan. Pakistan and Federally Administered Tribal Areas are Pashto-speaking countries and territories and states and territories established in 1947.
See Pakistan and Federally Administered Tribal Areas
Field hockey
Field hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with 11 players in total, made up of 10 field players and a goalkeeper.
Field hockey at the Asian Games
Field hockey is an Asian Games event since the 1958 Games in Tokyo, Japan.
See Pakistan and Field hockey at the Asian Games
Field hockey at the Summer Olympics
Field hockey was introduced at the Olympic Games as a men's competition at the 1908 Games in London.
See Pakistan and Field hockey at the Summer Olympics
Financial centre
A financial centre (financial center in American English) or financial hub is a location with a significant concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance, and financial markets, with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.
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Financial Times
The Financial Times (FT) is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic current affairs.
See Pakistan and Financial Times
First Anglo-Afghan War
The First Anglo-Afghan War (ده انګريز افغان اولني جګړه) was fought between the British Empire and the Emirate of Kabul from 1838 to 1842.
See Pakistan and First Anglo-Afghan War
First-past-the-post voting
First-preference plurality (FPP)—often shortened simply to plurality—is a single-winner system of positional voting where voters mark one candidate as their favorite, and the candidate with the largest number of points (a '''''plurality''''' of points) is elected.
See Pakistan and First-past-the-post voting
Fissile material
In nuclear engineering, fissile material is material that can undergo nuclear fission when struck by a neutron of low energy.
See Pakistan and Fissile material
Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty
The Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty (FMCT) is a proposed international treaty to prohibit the further production of fissile material for nuclear weapons or other explosive devices.
See Pakistan and Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty
Folk costume
A folk costume (also regional costume, national costume, traditional clothing, traditional garment or traditional regalia) expresses a national identity through clothing or costume, which is associated with a specific region and period of time in history.
Food and Agriculture Organization
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsOrganisation des Nations unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture; Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite per l'alimentazione e l'agricoltura.
See Pakistan and Food and Agriculture Organization
Foreign relations of Pakistan
The Islamic Republic of Pakistan emerged as an independent country through the partition of India in August 1947 and was admitted as a United Nations member state in September 1947.
See Pakistan and Foreign relations of Pakistan
Fourteen Points of Jinnah
The Fourteen Points of Jinnah were proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah in response to the Nehru report.
See Pakistan and Fourteen Points of Jinnah
Free education
Free education is education funded through government spending or charitable organizations rather than tuition funding.
See Pakistan and Free education
Freedom of the press
Freedom of the press or freedom of the media is the fundamental principle that communication and expression through various media, including printed and electronic media, especially published materials, should be considered a right to be exercised freely.
See Pakistan and Freedom of the press
Friesens
Friesens Corporation is Canada's largest printer of hardcover books.
Frontiers Media
Frontiers Media SA is a publisher of peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journals currently active in science, technology, and medicine.
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Frontline (magazine)
Frontline is a fortnightly English language magazine published by The Hindu Group of publications headquartered in Chennai, India.
See Pakistan and Frontline (magazine)
Full spectrum deterrence
The Full spectrum deterrence (previously known as Minimum Credible Deterrence (MCD; officially named N-deterrence) is the defence and strategic principle on which the atomic weapons programme of Pakistan is based. This doctrine is not a part of the nuclear doctrine, which is designed for the use of the atomic weapons in a full-scale declared war if the conditions of the doctrine are surpassed.
See Pakistan and Full spectrum deterrence
G20 developing nations
The G20 developing nations (and, occasionally, the G21, G23 or G20+) is a bloc of developing nations established on 20 August 2003.
See Pakistan and G20 developing nations
Gandhara
Gandhara was an ancient Indo-Aryan civilization centred in present-day north-west Pakistan and north-east Afghanistan.
Garam masala
Garam masala (from Hindustani / garam masālā, "hot spices") is a blend of ground spices originating from South Asia.
Gareth Stevens
Gareth Stevens, Inc. is a publishing company originally based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
See Pakistan and Gareth Stevens
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Geography of Pakistan
The Geography of Pakistan (جغرافیۂ پاکِستان) encompasses a wide variety of landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, and plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean in the south to the mountains of the Karakoram, Hindukush, Himalayas ranges in the north.
See Pakistan and Geography of Pakistan
Geostrategy
Geostrategy, a subfield of geopolitics, is a type of foreign policy guided principally by geographical factors as they inform, constrain, or affect political and military planning.
Ghazal
The ghazal is a form of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry.
Ghaznavids
The Ghaznavid dynasty (غزنویان Ġaznaviyān) or the Ghaznavid Empire was a Persianate Muslim dynasty and empire of Turkic mamluk origin, ruling at its greatest extent from the Oxus to the Indus Valley from 977 to 1186.
Ghurid dynasty
The Ghurid dynasty (also spelled Ghorids; translit; self-designation: شنسبانی, Šansabānī) was a Persianate dynasty of presumably eastern Iranian Tajik origin, which ruled from the 8th-century in the region of Ghor, and became an Empire from 1175 to 1215.
See Pakistan and Ghurid dynasty
Gilgit
Gilgit (Shina:; گلگت) is a city in Pakistani-administered Gilgit–Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region.
Gilgit-Baltistan
Gilgit-Baltistan, formerly known as the Northern Areas, is a region administered by Pakistan as an administrative territory and consists of the northern portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and between India and China since 1959.
See Pakistan and Gilgit-Baltistan
Global Innovation Index
The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
See Pakistan and Global Innovation Index
Golden jackal
The golden jackal (Canis aureus), also called the common jackal, is a wolf-like canid that is native to Eurasia.
See Pakistan and Golden jackal
Goldman Sachs
The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company.
See Pakistan and Goldman Sachs
Government of Pakistan
The Government of Pakistan (حکومتِ پاکستان, abbreviated as GoP), constitutionally known as the Federal Government, commonly known as the Centre, is the national authority of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, a federal republic located in South Asia, consisting of four provinces and one federal territory.
See Pakistan and Government of Pakistan
Governor-General of India
The governor-general of India (1833 to 1950, from 1858 to 1947 the viceroy and governor-general of India, commonly shortened to viceroy of India) was the representative of the monarch of the United Kingdom in their capacity as the Emperor/Empress of India and after Indian independence in 1947, the representative of the Monarch of India.
See Pakistan and Governor-General of India
Governor-General of Pakistan
The governor-general of Pakistan (گورنر جنرل پاکستان) was the representative of the Pakistani monarch in the Dominion of Pakistan, established by the Indian Independence Act 1947.
See Pakistan and Governor-General of Pakistan
Grand Mosque seizure
The Grand Mosque seizure was a siege that took place between 20 November and 4 December 1979 at the Grand Mosque of Mecca, one the holiest Islamic sites in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
See Pakistan and Grand Mosque seizure
Greco-Buddhism
Greco-Buddhism or Graeco-Buddhism denotes a supposed cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism developed between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD in Gandhara, in present-day Pakistan and parts of north-east Afghanistan.
See Pakistan and Greco-Buddhism
Green Revolution
The Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, was a period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields.
See Pakistan and Green Revolution
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
See Pakistan and Gross domestic product
Gujranwala
Gujranwala (Punjabi/) is a city and capital of Gujranwala Division located in Pakistan.
Gujrat, Pakistan
Gujrat is the thirteenth largest city in the Pakistani province of Punjab.
See Pakistan and Gujrat, Pakistan
Gulf of Oman
The Gulf of Oman or Sea of Oman (خليج عمان khalīj ʿumān; دریای عمان daryâ-ye omân), also known as Gulf of Makran or Sea of Makran (خلیج مکران khalīj makrān; دریای مکران daryâ-ye makrān), is a gulf in the Indian Ocean that connects the Arabian Sea with the Strait of Hormuz, which then runs to the Persian Gulf.
Gulf War
The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States.
Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire on the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century CE to mid 6th century CE.
Gwadar Port
The Gwadar Port (گوادر بندرگاہ) is situated on the Arabian Sea at Gwadar in Balochistan province of Pakistan and is under the administrative control of the Maritime Secretary of Pakistan and operational control of the China Overseas Port Holding Company.
Harappa
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about west of Sahiwal.
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
See Pakistan and Harvard University Press
Hawaii
Hawaii (Hawaii) is an island state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland.
Hawk
Hawks are birds of prey of the family Accipitridae.
Hazaras
The Hazaras (Hazāra; Āzrə) are an ethnic group and a principal component of the population of Afghanistan.
Hazarewal
Hazarewal or Hazarawals (ہزارہ وال; Hazarewal pronunciation:; Standard pronunciation) refer to the multi-ethnic community inhabitants of the Hazara region in Northern Pakistan.
Head of government
In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
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Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
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Herald (Pakistan)
The Herald was a monthly magazine of politics and current affairs published by the Dawn Media Group from 1970 to 2019 in Karachi, Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Herald (Pakistan)
High courts of Pakistan
There are five high courts of Pakistan, each based in the capital city of the four provinces, plus one in the federal capital, Islamabad.
See Pakistan and High courts of Pakistan
Himalayan brown bear
The Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus), also known as the Himalayan red bear or isabelline bear, is a subspecies of the brown bear occurring in the western Himalayas.
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Hindi–Urdu controversy
The Hindi–Urdu controversy arose in 19th century colonial India out of the debate over whether Modern Standard Hindi or Standard Urdu should be chosen as a national language.
See Pakistan and Hindi–Urdu controversy
Hindko
Hindko (ہندکو, romanized) is a cover term for a diverse group of Lahnda dialects spoken by several million people of various ethnic backgrounds in several areas in northwestern Pakistan, primarily in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northwestern regions of Punjab.
Hindkowans
Hindkowans, also known as the Hindki, is a contemporary designation for speakers of Indo-Aryan languages who live among the neighbouring Pashtuns, particularly the speakers of various Hindko dialects of Western Punjabi (Lahnda).
Hindu Kush
The Hindu Kush is an mountain range on the Iranian Plateau in Central and South Asia to the west of the Himalayas.
Hindu Shahis
The Hindu Shahis, also referred to as the Uḍi Śāhis, were a dynasty established between 843 CE and 1026 CE.
Hindu–Islamic relations
Interactions between Muslims and Hindus began in the 7th century, after the advent of Islam in the Arabian Peninsula.
See Pakistan and Hindu–Islamic relations
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
Hinduism in Pakistan
Hinduism is the second largest religious affiliation in Pakistan after Islam. Though Hinduism was one of the dominant faiths in the region a few centuries ago, Hindus accounted for just 2.17% of Pakistan's population (approx 5.2 million people) in the 2023 Pakistani census. The Umerkot district has the highest percentage of Hindu residents in the country at 54.6%, while Tharparkar district has the most Hindus in absolute numbers at 811,507.
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Hippie trail
Hippie trail (also the overland) is the name given to an overland journey taken by members of the hippie subculture and others from the mid-1950s to the late 1970s travelling from Europe and West Asia through South Asia via countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh to Thailand.
Historical linguistics
Historical linguistics, also termed diachronic linguistics, is the scientific study of language change over time.
See Pakistan and Historical linguistics
History of Pakistan
The history of Pakistan preceding the country's creation in 1947. Although, Pakistan was created in 1947 as a whole new country by the British through partition of India, but the history of the land extends much further back and is intertwined with that of Afghanistan, India, and Iran.
See Pakistan and History of Pakistan
Holi
Holi is a popular and significant Hindu festival celebrated as the Festival of Colours, Love, and Spring.
Homosexuality
Homosexuality is sexual attraction, romantic attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.
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Honolulu
Honolulu is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Hawaii, which is in the Pacific Ocean.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works.
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Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
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Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
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Hunza Valley
The Hunza Valley (ہُنزݳ دِش|translit.
Hyderabad State
Hyderabad State or Hyderabad Deccan was a kingdom, country, and princely state in the Deccan with its capital at the city of Hyderabad.
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Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power).
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Ibex
An ibex (ibex, ibexes or ibices) is any of several species of wild goat (genus ''Capra''), distinguished by the male's large recurved horns, which are transversely ridged in front.
ICC Champions Trophy
The ICC Champions Trophy, also called the "Mini World Cup" or simply "Champions Trophy" is a cricket tournament organised by the International Cricket Council every four years.
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ICC Men's T20 World Cup
The ICC Men's T20 World Cup (formerly the ICC World Twenty20) is a biennial Twenty20 International cricket tournament, organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC) every 2 years since it's inauguration in 2007 with the exception of 2011, 2018 and 2020.
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Immigration to Pakistan
Immigration to Pakistan is the legal entry and settlement of foreign nationals in Pakistan.
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Imran Khan
Imran Ahmed Khan Niazi (عمران احمد خان نیازی,; born 5 October 1952) is a Pakistani politician and former cricketer who served as the 22nd prime minister of Pakistan from August 2018 until April 2022.
Independence Day (Pakistan)
Independence Day (|translit. Pakistan and Independence Day (Pakistan) are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Independence of Bangladesh
Independence of Bangladesh was declared on 26 March 1971, celebrated as Independence Day, from Pakistan.
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India–Pakistan border
The India–Pakistan, Indo–Pakistani or Pakistani-Indian border is the international boundary that separates the nations of the Republic of India and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
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India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement
The 123 Agreement signed between the United States of America and India is known as the U.S.–India Civil Nuclear Agreement or Indo-US nuclear deal.
See Pakistan and India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement
Indian campaign of Alexander the Great
The Indian campaign of Alexander the Great began in 327BC and lasted until 325BC.
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Indian crested porcupine
The Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) is a hystricomorph rodent species native to southern Asia and the Middle East.
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Indian cuisine
Indian cuisine consists of a variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.
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Indian pangolin
The Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata), also called thick-tailed pangolin and scaly anteater, is a pangolin native to the Indian subcontinent.
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Indian Plate
The Indian Plate (or India Plate) is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Indian Rebellion of 1857
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.
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Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
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Indiana University Press
Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences.
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Indo-Aryan migrations
The Indo-Aryan migrations were the migrations into the Indian subcontinent of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages.
See Pakistan and Indo-Aryan migrations
Indo-Greek Kingdom
The Indo-Greek Kingdom, or Graeco-Indian Kingdom, also known as the Yavana Kingdom (also Yavanarajya after the word Yona, which comes from Ionians), was a Hellenistic-era Greek kingdom covering various parts of modern-day Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwestern India.
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Indo-Islamic architecture
Indo-Islamic architecture is the architecture of the Indian subcontinent produced by and for Islamic patrons and purposes.
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Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
The Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948, also known as the first Kashmir war, was a war fought between India and Pakistan over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1947 to 1948.
See Pakistan and Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948
Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
The Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, also known as the second India–Pakistan war, was an armed conflict between Pakistan and India that took place from August 1965 to September 1965.
See Pakistan and Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, also known as the third India-Pakistan war, was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 until the Pakistani capitulation in Dhaka on 16 December 1971.
See Pakistan and Indo-Pakistani war of 1971
Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
Since the Partition of British India in 1947 and subsequent creation of the dominions of India and Pakistan, the two countries have been involved in a number of wars, conflicts, and military standoffs.
See Pakistan and Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
Indo-Persian culture
Indo-Persian culture refers to a cultural synthesis present on the Indian subcontinent.
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Indus Kohistani
Indus Kohistani or simply Kohistani (Kōstaiñ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the former Kohistan District of Pakistan.
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Indus Kohistani people
Indus Kohistanis are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Indus Kohistani language.
See Pakistan and Indus Kohistani people
Indus River
The Indus is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia.
Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves
The Indus River Delta-Arabian Sea mangroves are a large mangrove ecoregion on the Arabian Sea coast of Sindh Province, Pakistan, and the Gulfs of Kutch and Khambhat in Gujarat, India.
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Indus river dolphin
The Indus river dolphin (Platanista minor) is a species of freshwater dolphin in the family Platanistidae.
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Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
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Industry of Pakistan
Pakistan's industrial sector (in FY21) accounts for 28.11% of the GDP.
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Information Age Publishing
Information Age Publishing Inc. (IAP) is a publisher of academic books, primarily in the fields of education and management.
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Information technology in Pakistan
Information technology in Pakistan is a growing industry that has the potential to expand more in the future.
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Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad
The Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad (ISSI), is a strategic studies think tank based in Islamabad, Pakistan established in 1973.
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Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)
The Jammu and Kashmir Instrument of Accession is a legal document executed by Maharaja Hari Singh, ruler of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, on 26 October 1947.
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Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
The insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, also known as the War in North-West Pakistan or Pakistan's war on terror, is an ongoing armed conflict involving Pakistan and Islamist militant groups such as the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), Jundallah, Lashkar-e-Islam (LeI), TNSM, al-Qaeda, and their Central Asian allies such as the ISIL–Khorasan (ISIL), Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, East Turkistan Movement, Emirate of Caucasus, and elements of organized crime.
See Pakistan and Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan)
The Intelligence Bureau (سررشتہِ سراغرسانی) is an intelligence and security agency in Pakistan focused primarily on non-military intelligence. Pakistan and intelligence Bureau (Pakistan) are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Inter-Services Intelligence
The Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI; بین الخدماتی استخبارات|bayn al-khidmati estekhbarat) is the largest and best-known component of the Pakistani intelligence community.
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Interlaken
Interlaken (lit.: between lakes) is a Swiss town and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Bern.
International Atomic Energy Agency
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an intergovernmental organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.
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International Cricket Council
The International Cricket Council (ICC) is the global governing body of cricket.
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International development
International development or global development is a broad concept denoting the idea that societies and countries have differing levels of economic or human development on an international scale.
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International dollar
The international dollar (int'l dollar or intl dollar, symbols Int'l$., Intl$., Int$), also known as Geary–Khamis dollar (symbols G–K$ or GK$), is a hypothetical unit of currency that has the same purchasing power parity that the U.S. dollar had in the United States at a given point in time.
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International Foundation for Electoral Systems
The International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) is an international, non-profit organisation founded in 1987.
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International Futures
International Futures (IFs) is a global integrated assessment model designed to help with thinking strategically and systematically about key global systems (economic, demographic, education, health, environment, technology, domestic governance, infrastructure, agriculture, energy and environment).
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International Institute for Strategic Studies
The International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) is an international research institute or think tank focusing on defence and security issues.
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International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
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International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics
The International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs (INSC), was founded by Nobel laureate in Physics Dr.
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International Union for Conservation of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
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Interventionism (politics)
Interventionism, in international politics, is the interference of a state or group of states into the domestic affairs of another state for the purposes of coercing that state to do something or refrain from doing something.
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Iran–Pakistan border
The Iran–Pakistan border, is the international boundary that separates Iran and Pakistan.
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Iranian Plateau
The Iranian Plateau or Persian Plateau is a geological feature spanning parts of the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. It makes up part of the Eurasian Plate, and is wedged between the Arabian Plate and the Indian Plate. The plateau is situated between the Zagros Mountains to the west, the Caspian Sea and the Köpet Dag to the north, the Armenian Highlands and the Caucasus Mountains to the northwest, the Strait of Hormuz and the Persian Gulf to the south, and the Indian subcontinent to the east.
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Iskandar Ali Mirza
Sahibzada Iskandar Ali Mirza (13 November 189913 November 1969) was a Pakistani politician, statesman and military general who served as the Dominion of Pakistan's fourth governor-general of Pakistan from 1955 to 1956, and then as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan's first president from 1956 to 1958.
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Islam in India
Islam is India's second-largest religion, with 14.2% of the country's population, or approximately 172.2 million people, identifying as adherents of Islam in a 2011 census.
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Islam in Pakistan
Islam is the largest and the state religion of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
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Islamabad
Islamabad (اسلام‌آباد|translit.
Islamabad Capital Territory
The Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT; وفاقی دارالحکومت|translit.
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Islamabad International Airport
Islamabad International Airport (اسلامآباد بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا) (also known as Gandhara International Airport) is an international airport serving Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan and Rawalpindi.
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Islamic architecture
Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam.
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Islamic calendar
The Hijri calendar (translit), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
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Islamic economics in Pakistan
The economic policies proposed under the banner of "Islamisation" in Pakistan include executive decrees on Zakāt (poor-due), Ushr (tithe), judicial changes that helped to halt land redistribution to the poor, and perhaps most importantly, elimination of riba (defined by activists as interest charged on loans and securities).
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Islamic republic
The term Islamic republic has been used in different ways. Pakistan and Islamic republic are islamic republics.
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Islamic state
An Islamic state has a form of government based on sharia law.
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Islamistan
Islamistan (Eslâmestân,; lit. "Islamland" or "the Land of Islam") is a Persian, Pashto and Urdu term referring to Dār al-Islām.
Islamization in Pakistan
Islamization (اسلامی حکمرانی.) or Shariazation, has a long history in Pakistan since the 1950s, but it became the primary policy, or "centerpiece" of the government of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, the ruler of Pakistan from 1977 until his death in 1988.
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ISO 15919
ISO 15919 (Transliteration of Devanagari and related Indic scripts into Latin characters) is one of a series of international standards for romanization by the International Organization for Standardization.
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia. Pakistan and Israel are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Israel–Pakistan relations
The State of Israel and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan have never had formal diplomatic relations.
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Jahangir Khan
Jahangir Khan (Pashto, جهانګير خان born 10 December 1963) is a former professional Pakistani squash player.
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Jainism
Jainism, also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion.
Jainism in Pakistan
Jainism in Pakistan (پاکستان میں جین مت) has an extensive heritage and history, with several ancient Jain shrines scattered across the country.
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Jalaludin Abdur Rahim
Jalaluddin Abdur Rahim (جلال الدين عبدالرحيم; Bengali: জালালুদ্দিন আবদুর রহিম; also known as J. A. Rahim) (27 July 1906 – 1977) was a Pakistani communist and political philosopher who was known as one of the founding members of the Pakistan People's Party—a democratic socialist political party.
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Jamaat-e-Islami
Jamaat-e-Islami (جماعتِ اسلامی) is an Islamist fundamentalist movement founded in 1941 in British India by the Islamist author, theorist, and socio-political philosopher, Syed Abul Ala Maududi, who was inspired by the Muslim Brotherhood.
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Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)
Jammu and Kashmir, also known as Kashmir and Jammu, was a princely state in a subsidiary alliance with the British East India Company from 1846 to 1858 and under the paramountcy (or tutelage) of the British Crown, from 1858 until the Partition of India in 1947, when it became a disputed territory, now administered by three countries: China, India, and Pakistan.
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Japan
Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland. Pakistan and Japan are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Javed Nasir
Lieutenant General Javed Nasir (جاويد ناصر; born 1936)), is a Pakistani retired engineering officer who served as the Director-General of the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), appointed on 14 March 1992 until 13 May 1993. Known for being member of Tablighi Jamaat, Nasir gained national prominence as his role of bringing the unscattered mass of Afghan Mujahideen to agree to the power-sharing formula to form Afghan administration under President Mojaddedi in Afghanistan in 1992–93.
Jawaharlal Nehru
Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964) was an Indian anti-colonial nationalist, secular humanist, social democrat, author and statesman who was a central figure in India during the middle of the 20th century.
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Jhelum
Jhelum is a city on the West Bank of the Jhelum River, which is located in the district of Jhelum in the North of Punjab, Pakistan.
Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley
Terence James O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley (born 17 March 1957) is a British economist best known for coining BRIC, the acronym that stands for Brazil, Russia, India, and China—the four once rapidly developing countries that he predicted would challenge the global economic power of the developed G7 economies.
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Jinnah International Airport
Jinnah International Airport (جناح بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا), formerly Drigh Road Airport or Karachi Civil Airport, is Pakistan's busiest international and domestic airport, and handled 7,267,582 passengers in 2017–2018.
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John Richard Sisson
John Richard Sisson (born October 16, 1936) was the acting President of Ohio State University from December 15, 1997, to June 30, 1998, after Elwood Gordon Gee left the office.
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Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
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Joint Staff Headquarters (Pakistan)
The Joint Staff Headquarters (reporting name:JS HQ), is the military headquarters of the Pakistan Armed Forces at the vicinity of the Chaklala, Rawalpindi, Punjab in Pakistan.
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Josh Malihabadi
Josh Malihabadi (born Shabbir Hasan Khan; 5 December 1898 – 22 February 1982) popularly known as Shayar-e-Inqalab (poet of revolution) was a Pakistani poet.
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Journal of Genocide Research
The Journal of Genocide Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering studies of genocide.
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Journal of International Affairs
The Journal of International Affairs is a biannual academic journal covering foreign affairs.
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Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society is an academic journal which publishes articles on the history, archaeology, literature, language, religion and art of South Asia, the Middle East (together with North Africa and Ethiopia), Central Asia, East Asia and South-East Asia.
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Judiciary of Pakistan
The judiciary of Pakistan is the national system of courts that maintains the law and order in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Judiciary of Pakistan
Jungle cat
The jungle cat (Felis chaus), also called reed cat and swamp cat is a medium-sized cat native to the Middle East, the Caucasus, South and Southeast Asia and southern China.
Juniper
Junipers are coniferous trees and shrubs in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae.
Jurist
A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyzes and comments on law.
K-Electric
K-Electric (KE) (کے الیکٹرک; formerly known as Karachi Electric Supply Company / Karachi Electric Supply Corporation Limited) is a public listed Company incorporated in Pakistan in 1913 as KESC.
K2
K2, at above sea level, is the second-highest mountain on Earth, after Mount Everest at.
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Kabul
Kabul is the capital city of Afghanistan.
Kalash people
The Kalash (Kalasha: کالؕاشؕا, romanised: Kaḷaṣa), or Kalasha, are an Indo-Aryan indigenous people residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They are considered unique among the people of Pakistan. They are also considered to be Pakistan's smallest ethnoreligious group, and traditionally practice what authors consider as a form of animism or ancient Hinduism.
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Kalasha language
Kalasha (locally: Kal'as'amondr) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Kalash people, in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
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Karachi
Karachi (کراچی) is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Sindh.
Karachi Cantonment
The Karachi Cantonment (کراچی چھاؤنی.) is a cantonment town of the city of Karachi, in Sindh, Pakistan.
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Karachi Cantonment railway station
Karachi Cantonment Railway Station (کراچی چھاؤنی ریلوے اسٹیشن, Sindhi: ڪراچي ڇانوڻي ريلوي اسٽيشن) (often abbreviated as Karachi Cantt.) is one of the busiest and principal railway stations in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
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Karachi Circular Railway
Karachi Circular Railway (abbreviated as KCR) (کراچی سرکلر ریلوے, Sindhi: ڪراچي سرڪيولر ريلوي) is a partially active regional public transit system in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, which serves the Karachi metropolitan area.
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Karachi Nuclear Power Complex
The Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (or KANUPP) is a large commercial nuclear power plant located at the Paradise Point in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
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Karakoram
The Karakoram is a mountain range in the Kashmir region spanning the border of Pakistan, China, and India, with the northwestern extremity of the range extending to Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
Karakoram Highway
The Karakoram Highway (شاہراہ قراقرم), also known as the KKH, National Highway 35 (قومی شاہراہ ۳۵), N-35, and the ChinaPakistan Friendship Highway, is a national highway which extends from Hasan Abdal in the Punjab province of Pakistan to the Khunjerab Pass in Gilgit-Baltistan, where it crosses into China and becomes China National Highway 314.
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Kargil district
Kargil district is a district in Indian-administered Ladakh in the disputed Kashmir-region.
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Kargil War
The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was fought between India and Pakistan from May to July 1999 in the Kargil district of Ladakh (erstwhile Jammu and Kashmir) and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LoC).
Karimabad, Gilgit-Baltistan
Karimabad, formerly known as Baltit, is the capital of the Hunza District in Pakistan-administered Gilgit-Baltistan in the disputed Kashmir region.
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Kashmir
Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.
Kashmir conflict
The Kashmir conflict is a territorial conflict over the Kashmir region, primarily between India and Pakistan, and also between China and India in the northeastern portion of the region.
See Pakistan and Kashmir conflict
Kashmiri language
Kashmiri or Koshur (Kashmiri) is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, primarily in the Kashmir Valley of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that territory.
See Pakistan and Kashmiri language
Kashmiris
Kashmiris are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group speaking the Kashmiri language and originating from the Kashmir Valley, which is today located in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.
Kearney (consulting firm)
Kearney is an American global management consulting firm with offices in more than 40 countries worldwide.
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Khan Research Laboratories
The Dr.
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Kho people
The Kho (کھو) or Chitrali people, are an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group native to the Chitral District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and the Gupis-Yasin and Ghizer districts of Gilgit-Baltistan.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (خېبر پښتونخوا; Hindko and,; abbr. KP), formerly known as North West Frontier Province (NWFP), is a province of Pakistan. Pakistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are Pashto-speaking countries and territories.
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Kot Diji
The ancient site at Kot Diji (ڪوٽ ڏیجي; کوٹ ڈیجی) was the forerunner of the Indus Civilization.
Kushan Empire
The Kushan Empire (– AD) was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century.
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Labour in Pakistan
Pakistan has one of the largest labour and manpower resources in the world, due to its large population, which is the fifth largest in the world.
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Ladakh
Ladakh is a region administered by India as a union territory and constitutes an eastern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 and India and China since 1959.
Lahore
Lahore (لہور; لاہور) is the capital and largest city of the Pakistani province of Punjab.
Lahore District
Lahore District (ضلع لہور; ضلع لاہور) is a district in Punjab, Pakistan, consisting of the provincial capital, Lahore and surrounding areas.
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Lahore Fort
The Lahore Fort (شاہی قلعہ|lit.
Lahore Metrobus
The Lahore Metrobus is a bus rapid transit service operating in Lahore, Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Lahore Metrobus
Lahore Resolution
The Lahore Resolution (قراردادِ لاہور, Qarardad-e-Lahore; Bengali: লাহোর প্রস্তাব, Lahor Prostab), also called Pakistan Resolution, was written and prepared by Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and was presented by A. K. Fazlul Huq, the Prime Minister of Bengal, was a formal political statement adopted by the All-India Muslim League on the occasion of its three-day general session in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940.
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Lake Saiful Muluk
Saiful Muluk (جھیل سیف الملوک) is a mountainous lake in northern Pakistan, located at the northern end of the Kaghan Valley, near the town of Naran in the Saiful Muluk National Park.
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Languages of Pakistan
Pakistan is a multilingual country with over 70 languages spoken as first languages.
See Pakistan and Languages of Pakistan
Larry Collins (writer)
John Lawrence Collins Jr. (September 14, 1929 – June 20, 2005) was an American writer.
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Larry Pressler
Larry Lee Pressler (born March 29, 1942) is an American lawyer and politician from South Dakota who served in the United States House of Representatives from 1975 to 1979, and United States Senate from 1979 to 1997, as a Republican.
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Lassi
Lassi is a Punjabi yogurt–based beverage with a smoothie-like consistency.
Law enforcement in Pakistan
Law enforcement in Pakistan (ادارہ ہائی نفاذِ قانون، پاکستان) is one of the three main components of the criminal justice system of Pakistan, alongside the judiciary and the prisons.
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Legal Framework Order, 1970
The Legal Framework Order, 1970 (LFO) was a presidential decree issued by then-President of Pakistan Gen.
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Legislature
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the legal authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city.
Leopard
The leopard (Panthera pardus) is one of the five extant species in the genus Panthera.
Liaquat Ali Khan
Liaquat Ali Khan (1 October 189516 October 1951) was a Pakistani lawyer, politician and statesman who served as the first prime minister of Pakistan from 1947 until his assassination in 1951.
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Liberalism and progressivism within Islam
Liberalism and progressivism within Islam involve professed Muslims who have created a considerable body of progressive thought about Islamic understanding and practice.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.
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Library of Congress Country Studies
The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.
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Line of Control
The Line of Control (LoC) is a military control line between the Indian and Pakistanicontrolled parts of the former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir—a line which does not constitute a legally recognized international boundary, but serves as the de facto border.
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List of cities in Pakistan by population
This is a list showing the 100 most populous cities in Pakistan as of the 2017 Census of Pakistan.
See Pakistan and List of cities in Pakistan by population
List of constituencies of Pakistan
The following is a list of constituencies of Pakistan for elected seats in the National Assembly (ایوان زیریں پاکستان), which is the lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan, and Provincial/Legislative Assemblies of Pakistan (Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, Azad Jammu and Kashmir).
See Pakistan and List of constituencies of Pakistan
List of countries and dependencies by area
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies by land, water, and total area, ranked by total area.
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List of countries and dependencies by population
This is a list of countries and dependencies by population.
See Pakistan and List of countries and dependencies by population
List of countries by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
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List of countries by GDP (PPP)
GDP (PPP) means gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity.
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List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
A country's gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita is the PPP value of all final goods and services produced within an economy in a given year, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year.
See Pakistan and List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
List of countries by number of Internet users
Below is a sortable list of countries by number of Internet users as of 2024.
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List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel
This is a list of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel.
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List of countries by total wealth
National net wealth, also known as national net worth, is the total sum of the value of a country's assets minus its liabilities.
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List of earthquakes in Pakistan
Pakistan is one of the most seismically active countries in the world, being crossed by several major faults.
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List of hill stations in Pakistan
There are many hill stations in Pakistan, where there is snow in the winter.
See Pakistan and List of hill stations in Pakistan
List of mountain ranges of Pakistan
Pakistan is home to many mountains above.
See Pakistan and List of mountain ranges of Pakistan
List of newspapers in Pakistan
The total number of newspapers are 707 as of 2019 according to Pakistan Bureau of Statistics.
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List of prime ministers of Pakistan
The prime minister of Pakistan (وزير اعظم|lit.
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List of schools in Pakistan
The following is a list of schools in Pakistan, categorized by province/territory and by district.
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List of states with nuclear weapons
Eight sovereign states have publicly announced successful detonation of nuclear weapons.
See Pakistan and List of states with nuclear weapons
List of terrorist incidents in Pakistan since 2001
This is the list of terrorist incidents in Pakistan.
See Pakistan and List of terrorist incidents in Pakistan since 2001
List of Twenty20 cricket competitions
This is a list of Twenty20 cricket (T20) leagues in major cricket playing countries.
See Pakistan and List of Twenty20 cricket competitions
List of universities in Pakistan
Higher education in Pakistan is the systematic process of students continuing their education beyond secondary school, learned societies and two-year colleges.
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Local government in Pakistan
Pakistan is a federal republic with three tiers of government: national, provincial and local.
See Pakistan and Local government in Pakistan
Lodi dynasty
The Lodi dynasty (سلسله لودی) was the ruling dynasty of the Sultanate of Delhi from 1451 to 1526.
Lollywood
Lollywood is Pakistan's film industry, which has served as the base for both Urdu- and Punjabi-language film production.
Longman
Longman, also known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.
Lord Mountbatten
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (born Prince Louis of Battenberg; 25 June 1900 – 27 August 1979), commonly known as Lord Mountbatten, was a British statesman, naval officer, colonial administrator and close relative of the British royal family.
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Lord's
Lord's Cricket Ground, commonly known as Lord's, is a cricket venue in St John's Wood, London.
Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where second chamber is the upper house.
Lower Paleolithic
The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
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Lulu.com
Lulu Press, Inc., doing business under trade name Lulu, is an online print-on-demand, self-publishing, and distribution platform.
Lyric poetry
Modern lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person.
Macroeconomics
Macroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.
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Madrassas in Pakistan
Madrassas of Pakistan are Islamic seminaries in Pakistan, known in Urdu as Madaris-e-Deeniya (literally: religious schools).
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Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (ISO: Mōhanadāsa Karamacaṁda Gāṁdhī; 2 October 186930 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.
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Mahbub ul Haq
Mahbub ul-Haq (محبوب الحق) was a Pakistani economist, international development theorist, and politician who served as the minister of Finance from 10 April 1985 to 28 January 1986, and again from June to December 1988 as a caretaker.
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Major non-NATO ally
A major non-NATO ally (MNNA) is a designation given by the United States government to countries that have strategic working relationships with the U.S. Armed Forces while not being members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
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Majority
A majority is more than half of a total.
Majority rule
Majority rule is the principle that a group which has more than half of all voters should be allowed to make the decisions for a group.
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Malala Yousafzai
Malala Yousafzai (ملالہ یوسفزئی,, pronunciation:; born 12 July 1997) is a Pakistani female education activist and the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize laureate at the age of 17.
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Manchester University Press
Manchester University Press is the university press of the University of Manchester, England and a publisher of academic books and journals.
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Mangrove
A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water.
Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses
The Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (MP-IDSA) (formerly known as: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA)), New Delhi, is India's foremost think tank for advanced research in international relations, especially defence, strategic and security issues, and providing training to civilian, military and paramilitary officers of the Indian government.
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Maratha Confederacy
The Maratha Confederacy, also referred to as the Maratha Empire, was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent.
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Marco Polo sheep
The Marco Polo sheep (Ovis ammon polii) is a subspecies of argali sheep, named after Marco Polo.
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Mardan
Mardān (Pashto and; Urdu; Pashto) is a city in the Mardan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan.
Markhor
The markhor (Capra falconeri) is a large wild ''Capra'' (goat) species native to South Asia and Central Asia, mainly within Pakistan, India, the Karakoram range, parts of Afghanistan, and the Himalayas.
Marshall Cavendish
Marshall Cavendish is a subsidiary company of Times Publishing Group, the printing and publishing subsidiary of Singapore-based conglomerate Fraser and Neave (which in turn currently owned by ThaiBev, a Thai beverage company), and at present is a publisher of books, business directories and magazines.
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Martensite
Martensite is a very hard form of steel crystalline structure.
Materials science
Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials.
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Maurya Empire
The Maurya Empire (Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑁂, Māgadhe) was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha (present day Bihar).
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Mazar-e-Quaid
Mazar-e-Quaid (مزارِ قائد), also known as Jinnah Mausoleum or the National Mausoleum, is the final resting place of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan.
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McFarland & Company
McFarland & Company, Inc., is an American independent book publisher based in Jefferson, North Carolina, that specializes in academic and reference works, as well as general-interest adult nonfiction.
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Mecca
Mecca (officially Makkah al-Mukarramah, commonly shortened to Makkah) is the capital of Mecca Province in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia and the holiest city according to Islam.
Mehrgarh
Mehrgarh is a Neolithic archaeological site (dated) situated on the Kacchi Plain of Balochistan in modern-day Pakistan.
Men's FIH Hockey World Cup
The Men's FIH Hockey World Cup is an international field hockey competition organised by the International Hockey Federation (FIH).
See Pakistan and Men's FIH Hockey World Cup
Menander I
Menander I Soter (Ménandros Sōtḗr,; italic; sometimes called Menander the Great) was a Greco-Bactrian and later Indo-Greek King (reigned /155Bopearachchi (1998) and (1991), respectively. The first date is estimated by Osmund Bopearachchi and R. C. Senior, the other Boperachchi –130 BC) who administered a large territory in the Northwestern regions of the Indian Subcontinent and Central Asia.
Meo (ethnic group)
Meo (pronounced: mev or may-o) (also spelled Mayo or occasionally, Mewati) are a Muslim ethnic group originating from the Mewat region of north-western India.
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Mewati language
Mewati (Devanagri: मेवाती; Perso-Arabic: میواتی) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by the Meo people.
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Middle power
A middle power is a state that is not a superpower or a great power, but still exerts influence and plays a significant role in international relations.
Middle school
A middle school, also known as intermediate school, junior high school, junior secondary school, or lower secondary school, is an educational stage between primary school and secondary school.
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Military coups in Pakistan
Military coups in Pakistan began in 1958 when military officer Muhammad Ayub Khan overthrew and exiled president Iskandar Ali Mirza.
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Military exercise
A military exercise, training exercise, maneuver (manoeuvre), or war game is the employment of military resources in training for military operations.
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Military history of Pakistan
The military history of Pakistan (تاريخ عسكری پاكِستان.) encompasses an immense panorama of conflicts and struggles extending for more than 2,000 years across areas constituting modern Pakistan and greater South Asia.
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Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II
The military history of the United Kingdom in World War II covers the Second World War against the Axis powers, starting on 3 September 1939 with the declaration of war by the United Kingdom and France, followed by the UK's Dominions, Crown colonies and protectorates on Nazi Germany in response to the invasion of Poland by Germany.
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Military Intelligence (Pakistan)
The Pakistan Army Corps of Military Intelligence is a military administrative and the staff service branch of the Pakistan Army.
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Minar-e-Pakistan
Minar-e-Pakistan (مَنارِ پاکستان, Manār-e-Pākastān; مینارِ پاکستان|Mīnār-e-Pākistān) is a tower located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Ministry of Environment (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Environment (or MoE), was a Cabinet-level ministry of Government of Pakistan, tasked and primarily responsible for planning, coordinating, promoting, protecting and overseeing the policy implementation of government sanctioned environmental and forestry programmes in the country.
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Mirpur Khas District
Mirpur Khas District (ضلعو ميرپورخاص, ضلع مِيرپورخاص) is one of the districts in the province of Sindh, Pakistan.
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Mirza Qaleech Baig
Mirza Qaleech Baig (مرزا قليچ بيگ) was a Sindhi scholar within Sindhi literature.
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Mogadishu
Mogadishu (also; Muqdisho, Wadaad: or Xamar, Wadaad:; مقديشو, Italian: Mogadiscio), locally known as Xamar or Hamar, is the capital and most populous city of Somalia.
Mohammad Ali Jauhar
Muhammad Ali Jauhar Khan (10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931) was an Indian Muslim freedom activist, a pre-eminent member of Indian National Congress, journalist and a poet, a leading figure of the Khilafat Movement and one of the founders of Jamia Millia Islamia.
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Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo-daro (موهن جو دڙو,; موئن جو دڑو) is an archaeological site in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan.
Monarchy of Pakistan
From 1947 to 1956, the Dominion of Pakistan was a self-governing country within the Commonwealth of Nations that shared a monarch with the United Kingdom and the other Dominions of the Commonwealth. Pakistan and monarchy of Pakistan are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Mongoose
A mongoose is a small terrestrial carnivorous mammal belonging to the family Herpestidae.
Montane ecosystems
Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains.
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Morphology (biology)
Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
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Mugger crocodile
The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) is a medium-sized broad-snouted crocodile, also known as mugger and marsh crocodile.
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Mughal architecture
Mughal architecture is the type of Indo-Islamic architecture developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing extent of their empire in the Indian subcontinent.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.
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Muhammad
Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Muhammad Ali Jinnah (born Mahomedali Jinnahbhai; 25 December 187611 September 1948) was a barrister, politician, and the founder of Pakistan.
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Muhammad ibn al-Qasim
Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Thaqafī (محمد بن القاسمالثقفي; –) was an Arab military commander in service of the Umayyad Caliphate who led the Muslim conquest of Sindh (and Punjab, part of ancient Sindh), inaugurating the Umayyad campaigns in India.
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Muhammad Iqbal
Sir Muhammad Iqbal (9 November 187721 April 1938) was a South Asian Islamic philosopher, poet and politician.
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Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
Sir Chaudhry Muhammad Zafarullah Khan (محمد ظفر اللہ خان‎; 6 February 1893 – 1 September 1985) was a Pakistani jurist and diplomat who served as the first Foreign Minister of Pakistan.
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Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (12 August 192417 August 1988) was a Pakistani military officer who served as the sixth president of Pakistan from 1978 until his death.
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Mukti Bahini
The Mukti Bahini, also known as the Bangladesh Forces, was the guerrilla resistance movement consisting of the Bangladeshi military, paramilitary and civilians during the Bangladesh Liberation War that transformed East Pakistan into Bangladesh in 1971.
Multan
Multan is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, located on the bank of river Chenab.
Multan International Airport
Multan International Airport is an international airport located 4 km west of Multan, Pakistan.
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Multi-party system
In political science, a multi-party system is a political system where more than two meaningfully-distinct political parties regularly run for office and win elections.
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Muslim Brotherhood
The Society of the Muslim Brothers (جماعة الإخوان المسلمين), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون) is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928.
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Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
The Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent mainly took place between the 13th and the 18th centuries.
See Pakistan and Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
Mutual assured destruction
Mutual assured destruction (MAD) is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy which posits that a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by an attacker on a nuclear-armed defender with second-strike capabilities would result in the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender.
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Muzaffarabad
Muzaffarabad (مُظَفَّر آباد, IPA: mʊzəffərɑːbɑːd) is a city in Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.
Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma (the official name until 1989), is a country in Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has a population of about 55 million. It is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. Pakistan and Myanmar are countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; 6 August 1698 – 20 June 1747) was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Iran and one of the most powerful rulers in Iranian history, ruling as shah of Iran (Persia) from 1736 to 1747, when he was assassinated during a rebellion.
Nanga Parbat
Nanga Parbat (نانگا پربت), known locally as Diamer, is the ninth-highest mountain on Earth and its summit is at above sea level.
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
National Assembly of Pakistan
The National Assembly of Pakistan (ایوانِ زیریں|translit.
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National Command Authority (Pakistan)
The National Command Authority (NCA) is the authority responsible for safeguarding the national security of Pakistan through command, control and operational decisions regarding Pakistan's nuclear weapons programme.
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National Electric Power Regulatory Authority
The National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (قومی مقتدرہ ضابطہِ توانائیِ برقی, abbreviated as NEPRA) is responsible for regulating the electricity supply in Pakistan.
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National Highways & Motorway Police
The National Highways & Motorway Police (نیشنل ہائی ویز اینڈ موٹروے پولیس), abbreviated NHMP, is a police force in Pakistan that is responsible for enforcement of traffic and safety laws, security and recovery on Pakistan's National Highways and Motorway network.
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National poet
A national poet or national bard is a poet held by tradition and popular acclaim to represent the identity, beliefs and principles of a particular national culture.
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Nationalisation in Pakistan
The nationalisation process in Pakistan (or historically simply regarded as the "Nationalisation in Pakistan") was a policy measure programme in the economic history of Pakistan that negatively impacted the country's industrialization and undermined the trust of businessmen and investors.
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Nawaz Sharif
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu:; born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani businessman and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms.
Necktie
A necktie, or simply a tie, is a piece of cloth worn for decorative purposes around the neck, resting under the shirt collar and knotted at the throat, and often draped down the chest.
Nehru Report
The Nehru Report of 1928 was a memorandum by All Parties Conference in British India to appeal for a new dominion status and a federal set-up of government for the constitution of India.
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
New York City
New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.
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Nilgai
The nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) (literally meaning "blue cow") is the largest antelope of Asia, and is ubiquitous across the northern Indian subcontinent.
Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics.
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North-West Frontier Province
The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP; شمال لویدیځ سرحدي ولایت) was a province of British India from 1901 to 1947, of the Dominion of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955, and of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan from 1970 to 2010.
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Nova Science Publishers
Nova Science Publishers is an academic publisher of books, encyclopedias, handbooks, e-books and journals, based in Hauppauge, New York.
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Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Nowshera (نوښار, pr. Nowkhār) is the capital city of Nowshera District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
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Nuclear command and control
Nuclear command and control (NC2) is the command and control of nuclear weapons.
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Nuclear doctrine of Pakistan
The Nuclear doctrine of Pakistan is a theoretical concept of military strategy that promotes deterrence by guaranteeing an immediate "massive retaliation" to an aggressive attack against the state.
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Nuclear family
A nuclear family (also known as an elementary family, atomic family, cereal packet family or conjugal family) is a family group consisting of parents and their children (one or more), typically living in one home residence.
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Nuclear power in Pakistan
In Pakistan, nuclear power is provided by six commercial nuclear power plants with a net capacity of from pressurized water reactors.
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Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant (NPP) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.
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Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion.
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Objectives Resolution
The Objectives Resolution (قرارداد مَقاصِد) was adopted by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan on March 12, 1949.
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Old World sparrow
Old World sparrows are a group of small passerine birds forming the family Passeridae.
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Oman
Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman, is a country in West Asia. Pakistan and Oman are countries in Asia, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and member states of the United Nations.
Ommaya reservoir
An Ommaya reservoir is an intraventricular catheter system that can be used for the aspiration of cerebrospinal fluid or for the delivery of drugs (e.g. chemotherapy) into the cerebrospinal fluid.
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Operation Black Thunderstorm
Operation Black Thunderstorm was a military operation that commenced on April 26, 2009, conducted by the Pakistan Army, with the aim of retaking Buner, Lower Dir, Swat and Shangla districts from the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan after the militants took control of them since the start of the year.
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Operation Cyclone
Operation Cyclone was the code name for the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) program to arm and finance the Afghan mujahideen in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1992, prior to and during the military intervention by the USSR in support of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
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Operation Rah-e-Nijat
The Operation Rah-e-Nijat ("Path of Salvation"; آپریشن راہ نجات) was a strategic offensive military operation by the unified command of Pakistan Armed Forces against the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and their extremist allies in the South Waziristan area of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas that began on June 19, 2009; a major ground-air offensive was subsequently launched on October 17.
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Operation Searchlight
Operation Searchlight was a military operation carried out by the Pakistan Army in an effort to curb the Bengali nationalist movement in former East Pakistan in March 1971.
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Optical fiber
An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light from one end to the other.
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Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1969.
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Orient Blackswan
Orient Blackswan Pvt.
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Outline of Pakistan
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Pakistan: Pakistan – sovereign country located in South Asia.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
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Pakistan Academy of Letters
The Pakistan Academy of Letters (PAL) (اکادمیِ ادبیات پاکستان.) is a national academy with its main focus on Pakistani literature and related fields.
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Pakistan Academy of Sciences
The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (پاکستان اکادمی برائے سائنس) (abbreviated as: PAS), is a learned society of sciences, which described itself as "a repository of the highest scientific talent available in the country." Established in 1953 in Lahore, Punjab, the academy acts as a consultative forum and scientific advisor to the Pakistan government on important aspects on the affairs of all forms of science– the social and physical sciences.
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Pakistan Air Force
The Pakistan Air Force (PAF) (پاک فِضائیہ|translit. Pakistan and Pakistan Air Force are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
Pakistan is one of nine states that possess nuclear weapons. Pakistan began developing nuclear weapons in January 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who delegated the program to the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Munir Ahmad Khan with a commitment to having the device ready by the end of 1976.
See Pakistan and Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
Pakistan Antarctic Programme
The Pakistan Antarctic Programme (برنامہَ پاکستان برائے قطبِ جنوبی), abbreviated as PAP) is a scientific administrative division of the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) which represents the Government of Pakistan on the continent of Antarctica. The program coordinates scientific research and operational support in the region.
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Pakistan Armed Forces
The Pakistan Armed Forces are the military forces of Pakistan. Pakistan and Pakistan Armed Forces are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Pakistan Army
The Pakistan Army, commonly known as the Pak Army (پاک فوج|translit. Pakistan and Pakistan Army are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Pakistan Army
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) (Urdu) is a federally funded independent governmental agency, concerned with research and development of nuclear power, promotion of nuclear science, energy conservation and the peaceful use of nuclear technology.
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Pakistan Bureau of Statistics
The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (شماریاتِ بیورو پاکستان., abbreviated as PBS) is a federal agency under the Government of Pakistan.
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Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority
Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority (PCAA) (مقتدرہ شہری ہوابازی پاکستان.) is a state-owned autonomous body under the administrative control of the Secretary to the Government of Pakistan for Aviation, which oversees and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in Pakistan.
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Pakistan Declaration
The "Pakistan Declaration" (titled Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?) was a pamphlet written and published by Choudhry Rahmat Ali, on 28 January 1933, in which the word Pakstan (without the letter "i") was used for the first time and was circulated to the delegates of the Third Round Table Conference in 1933.
See Pakistan and Pakistan Declaration
Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency
The Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency (ایجنسی برائے حفاظت ماحولیات, abbreviated as Pak-EPA), is an executive agency of the Government of Pakistan managed by the Ministry of Climate Change.
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Pakistan Football Federation
The Pakistan Football Federation (PFF) is the national governing body of association football in Pakistan. Pakistan and Pakistan Football Federation are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Pakistan in the war on terror
Pakistan's role in the War on Terror is a widely discussed topic among policy-makers of various countries, political analysts and international delegates around the world.
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Pakistan International Airlines
Pakistan International Airlines (پاکستان انٹرنیشنل ایئر لائنز; abbreviated PIA, پیآئیاے) is an international airline which is the government-owned flag carrier of Pakistan.
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Pakistan Marines
The Pakistan Marines (Urdu) or simply as Pak Marines, is an expeditionary and amphibious warfare uniform service branch within the Pakistan Navy, consisting of the naval officers and other personnel to perform their duties within the Marines.
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Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement was a political movement in the first half of the 20th century that aimed for the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of British India.
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Pakistan Museum of Natural History
Pakistan Museum of Natural History (PMNH), (عجائب خانہ جاتِ پاکستان برائے طبعی تواریخ) established in 1976, is a public natural history museum situated in Islamabad, the federal capital of Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Pakistan Museum of Natural History
Pakistan Muslim League (N)
The Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N) or PML-N; پاکستان مسلملیگ (ن)) is a centre-right, conservative liberal political party in Pakistan.
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Pakistan Navy
The Pakistan Navy (PN) (پاکستان بحریہ; ''romanized'': Pākistān Bahrí'a) is the naval warfare branch of the Pakistan Armed Forces. Pakistan and Pakistan Navy are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority
The Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authorityپاکستان نیوکلیئر ریگولیٹری اتھارٹى; (PNRA), is mandated by the Government of Pakistan to regulate the use of nuclear energy, radioactive sources and ionizing radiation.
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Pakistan People's Party
The Pakistan People's Party (پاکستان پیپلز پارٹی,; PPP) is a centre-left political party in Pakistan.
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Pakistan Railways
Pakistan Railways (پاکستان ریلویز) is the national, state-owned railway company of Pakistan with its headquarters in Lahore.
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Pakistan Standard Time
Pakistan Standard Time (پاکستان معیاری وقت, abbreviated as PKT) is UTC+05:00 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.
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Pakistan Super League
The Pakistan Super League (PSL) پاکستان سپرلیگ (also known as the HBL PSL for sponsorship reasons) is a men's Twenty20 cricket league contested by six city-based franchise teams.
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Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI; پاکستان تحريکِ انصاف) is a political party in Pakistan established in 1996 by Pakistani cricketer and politician Imran Khan, who served as the country's prime minister from 2018 to 2022.
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Pakistan Television Corporation
Pakistan Television Corporation (پاکستان ٹیلی وژن نیٹ ورک; reporting name: PTV) is the Pakistani state-owned broadcaster founded by the Government of Pakistan, operating under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
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Pakistani clothing
Pakistani clothing refers to the ethnic clothing that is typically worn by people in the country of Pakistan and by Pakistanis.
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Pakistani diaspora
Overseas Pakistanis (بیرون ملک پاکستانی نژاد), or the Pakistani diaspora, refers to Pakistanis who live outside of Pakistan. These include citizens that have migrated to another country as well as people born abroad of Pakistani descent. According to the Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis and Human Resource Development, approximately 8.8 million Pakistanis live abroad according to December 2017 estimates.
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Pakistani English
Pakistani English (also known as Paklish or Pinglish) is the group of English language varieties spoken and written in Pakistan.
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Pakistani English literature
Pakistani English literature refers to English literature that has been developed and evolved in Pakistan, as well as by members of the Pakistani diaspora who write in the English language.
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Pakistani folklore
Pakistani folklore (پاکستانی لوک ورثہ) encompasses the mythology, poetry, songs, dances and puppetry from Pakistan's various ethnic groups.
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Pakistani Instrument of Surrender
The Pakistani Instrument of Surrender (translit) was a legal document signed between India (alongside the Provisional Government of Bangladesh) and Pakistan to end the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.
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Pakistani Intelligence community
The Pakistani intelligence community (جمیعت ہائے پاکستان برائے اشتراکِ سراغرسانی) comprises the various intelligence agencies of Pakistan that work internally and externally to manage, research and collect intelligence necessary for national security.
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Pakistani nationalism
Pakistani nationalism refers to the political, cultural, linguistic, historical, religious and geographical expression of patriotism by the people of Pakistan, of pride in the history, heritage and identity of Pakistan, and visions for its future.
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Pakistani rupee
The Pakistani rupee (ISO code: PKR) is the official currency in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
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Pakistani Taliban
The Pakistani Taliban, formally called the Tehreek-e-Taliban-e-Pakistan (TTP), is an umbrella organization of various Islamist armed militant groups operating along the Afghan–Pakistani border.
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Palas Valley
Palas (پالس) is a tehsil and valley in Kolai-Palas District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the province of Pakistan.
Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.
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Pamir Mountains
The Pamir Mountains are a range of mountains between Central Asia and South Asia.
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Parliament of Pakistan
The Parliament of Pakistan (مجلسِ شوریٰ پاکستان,, "Pakistan Advisory Council" or "Pakistan Consultative Assembly") is the supreme legislative body of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
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Parliamentary republic
A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament).
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Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.
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Parsis
The Parsis (singular: Parsi) or Parsees are an ethnoreligious group of the Indian subcontinent adhering to Zoroastrianism.
Partition of India
The Partition of India in 1947 was the change of political borders and the division of other assets that accompanied the dissolution of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent and the creation of two independent dominions in South Asia: India and Pakistan.
See Pakistan and Partition of India
Party chair
In politics, a party chair (often party chairperson/-man/-woman or party president) is the presiding officer of a political party.
Pashto cinema
Pashto cinema (د پښتو سينما; پالېوډ), refers to the Pashto-language film industry of Pakistani cinema based in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Pashto literature and poetry
Pashto literature (پښتو ليكنې) refers to literature and poetry in Pashto language.
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Pashtuns
Pashtuns (translit), also known as Pakhtuns, or Pathans, are a nomadic, pastoral, Eastern Iranic ethnic group primarily residing in northwestern Pakistan and southern and eastern Afghanistan. They historically were also referred to as Afghans until the 1970s after the term's meaning had become a demonym for members of all ethnic groups in Afghanistan.
Pastoralism
Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds.
Penguin Group
Penguin Group is a British trade book publisher and part of Penguin Random House, which is owned by the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann.
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Periods of stagflation in Pakistan
The Periods of Stagflation, also known as Stagflation in Pakistan or inflation and unemployment in Pakistan, are periods of economic stagflation in Pakistan's economic history, which has affected Pakistan's economic trajectory since its inception.
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Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations
The Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations (اقواممتحدہ میں پاکستان کا مستقل مندوب) is Pakistan's diplomatic representative to the United Nations (UN).
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Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.
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Persian literature
Persian literature comprises oral compositions and written texts in the Persian language and is one of the world's oldest literatures.
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Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf (11 August 1943 – 5 February 2023) was a Pakistani military officer and politician who served as the tenth president of Pakistan from 2001 to 2008.
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Peshawar
Peshawar (پېښور; پشور;; پشاور) is the sixth most populous city of Pakistan, with a district population of over 4.7 million in the 2023 census.
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center (also simply known as Pew) is a nonpartisan American think tank based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world.
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PFDC Sunsilk Fashion Week
PFDC Sunsilk Fashion Week is an annual fashion week held in Lahore and Karachi in Pakistan.
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Philippines
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Pakistan and Philippines are countries and territories where English is an official language, countries in Asia and member states of the United Nations.
Philology
Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources.
Pine
A pine is any conifer tree or shrub in the genus Pinus of the family Pinaceae.
Pokhran-II
Pokhran-II (Operation Shakti) was a series of five nuclear weapon tests conducted by India in May 1998.
Politics of Pakistan
The Politics of Pakistan (ISO: Siyāsiyāt-e-Pākistāna) takes place within the framework established by the constitution.
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Polo
Polo is a ball game that is played on horseback, a traditional field sport and one of the world's oldest known team sports.
Port of Karachi
The Port of Karachi (کراچی بندرگاہ, Bandar gāh Karāchī) is one of South Asia's largest and busiest deep-water seaports, handling about 60% of the nation's cargo (25 million tons per annum) located in Karachi, Pakistan.
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Port of Pasni
The Port of Pasni (بندر گاہ پسنى) is located in Pasni City in the Balochistan province of Pakistan.
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Port Qasim
The Port Muhammad Bin Qasim (محمد بن قاسمبندرگاہ Bandar-gāh Muhammad bin Qāsim), or Qasim Port Authority (مقتدرہ قاسمبندرگاہ), also known as Port Qasim, is a deep-water seaport in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, on the coastline of the Arabian Sea under the administrative control of the Secretary to the Government of Pakistan for Maritime Affairs.
Porus
Porus or Poros (Πῶρος; 326–321 BC) was an ancient Indian king whose territory spanned the region between the Jhelum River (Hydaspes) and Chenab River (Acesines), in the Punjab region of what is now India and Pakistan.
Poverty in Pakistan
Poverty in Pakistan has been recorded by the World Bank at 39.3% using the lower middle-income poverty rate of 3.2 per day for the fiscal year 2020–21.
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Preemptive war
A preemptive war is a war that is commenced in an attempt to repel or defeat a perceived imminent offensive or invasion, or to gain a strategic advantage in an impending (allegedly unavoidable) war shortly before that attack materializes.
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Presidencies and provinces of British India
The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance on the Indian subcontinent.
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President of Pakistan
The President of Pakistan (صدرِ پاکستان|translit.
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Prime Minister of Pakistan
The prime minister of Pakistan (وزِیرِ اعظمپاکستان, romanized: Wazīr ē Aʿẓam) is the head of government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan and prime Minister of Pakistan are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Princely state
A princely state (also called native state or Indian state) was a nominally sovereign entity of the British Indian Empire that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule, subject to a subsidiary alliance and the suzerainty or paramountcy of the British crown.
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Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Private university
Private universities and private colleges are higher education institutions not operated, owned, or institutionally funded by governments.
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Privatisation in Pakistan
The privatisation process in Pakistan, sometimes referred to as denationalisation programme or simply the privatisation in Pakistan) is a continuous policy measure program in the economic period of Pakistan. It was first conceived and implemented by the then-people-elected Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and the Pakistan Muslim League, in an attempt to enable the nationalised industries towards market economy, immediately after the economic collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989–90.
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Provincial governments of Pakistan
The four provincial governments of Pakistan administer the four provinces of Pakistan.
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Public university
A public university or public college is a university or college that is owned by the state or receives significant funding from a government.
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Punjab
Punjab (also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb), also known as the Land of the Five Rivers, is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is specifically located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern-Pakistan and northwestern-India.
Punjab Province (British India)
The Punjab Province was a province of British India.
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Punjab, Pakistan
Punjab (abbr. PB) is a province of Pakistan. Pakistan and Punjab, Pakistan are Punjabi-speaking countries and territories.
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Punjabi language
Punjabi, sometimes spelled Panjabi, is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Punjab region of Pakistan and India.
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Punjabi literature
Punjabi literature, specifically literary works written in the Punjabi language, is characteristic of the historical Punjab of present-day Pakistan and India and the Punjabi diaspora.
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Purchasing power parity
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a measure of the price of specific goods in different countries and is used to compare the absolute purchasing power of the countries' currencies.
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Qaumi Taranah
"" (قومی ترانہ,; "National Anthem"), also known by its incipit "" (پاک سرزمین,; "Thy Sacred Land"), is the national anthem of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and formerly the Dominion of Pakistan.
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Qawwali
Qawwali (Urdu:; Hindi: क़व्वाली; Bengali: ক়াওয়ালী; Punjabiਕ਼ੱਵਾਲੀ.) is a form of Sufi Islamic devotional singing originating in South Asia.
Qazi Faez Isa
Qazi Faez Isa (قاضی فائز عیسیٰ,; born 26 October 1959) is a Pakistani jurist who is currently serving as the 29th Chief Justice of Pakistan (CJP) since 17 September 2023.
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Queen Victoria
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death in 1901.
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Quetta
Quetta (کوئٹہ, ko'eṭa) is the capital and largest city of the Pakistani province of Balochistan.
Quetta International Airport
Quetta International Airport (Urdu کوئٹہ بین الاقوامی ہوائی اڈا) (Balochi: کویٹه میاناستمانی بالی پٹّ); is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan.It is the second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan.
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Quit India Movement
The Quit India Movement was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August 1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British rule in India.
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Quran
The Quran, also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allah).
R. J. Rummel
Rudolph Joseph Rummel (October 21, 1932 – March 2, 2014) was an American political scientist, a statistician and professor at Indiana University, Yale University, and University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is an American government-funded international media organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analyses to Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Middle East.
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Radio Pakistan
The Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (شرکت نشریات پاکستان); formerly known as Radio Pakistan, serves as the national public broadcaster for radio in Pakistan. Pakistan and radio Pakistan are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Rai dynasty
The Rai dynasty (–632 CE) was a polity of ancient Sindh.
Ramadan
Ramadan (Ramaḍān; also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer (salah), reflection, and community.
Rapid transit
Rapid transit or mass rapid transit (MRT), commonly referred to as metro, is a type of high-capacity public transport that is generally built in urban areas.
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Rawalpindi
Rawalpindi (Punjabi) is the third-largest city in the Pakistani province of Punjab.
Rehbar-I
Rehbar is a series of sounding rockets launched into the upper atmosphere by Pakistan's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO).
Religion in Pakistan
The official religion of Pakistan is Islam, as enshrined by Article 2 of the Constitution, and is practised by approximately 96.34% of the country's population.
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Religious text
Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition.
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Renewable energy
Renewable energy (or green energy) is energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale.
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Reporters Without Borders
Reporters Without Borders (RWB; Reporters sans frontières; RSF) is an international non-profit and non-governmental organization focused on safeguarding the right to freedom of information.
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Research Society of International Law
The Research Society of International Law (RSIL) was founded by Mr.
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Reuters
Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.
Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was an American politician and lawyer who served as the 37th president of the United States from 1969 to 1974.
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Rigveda
The Rigveda or Rig Veda (ऋग्वेद,, from ऋच्, "praise" and वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (sūktas).
Rocket
A rocket (from bobbin/spool) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air.
Rohingya people
The Rohingya people (Rohingya) are a stateless Indo-Aryan ethnic group who predominantly follow Islam and reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar.
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Roti
Roti (also known as chapati) is a round flatbread originating from the Indian subcontinent.
Rounaq Jahan
Rounaq Jahan (রওনক জাহান; born 2 March 1944) is a Bangladeshi political scientist, feminist leader and author.
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Rowman & Littlefield
Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an American independent academic publishing company founded in 1949.
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Royal Pavilion
The Royal Pavilion, and surrounding gardens, also known as the Brighton Pavilion, is a Grade I listed former royal residence located in Brighton, England.
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Royal Society
The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.
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Ruchir Sharma
Ruchir Sharma is an author, fund manager and columnist for the Financial Times.
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Rukn-e-Alam
Sheikh Rukn-ud-Din Abul Fateh (–), commonly known by the title Shah Rukn-e-Alam ("Pillar of the World"), was an eminent 13th and 14th-century Punjabi Sufi saint from Multan (present-day Punjab, Pakistan), who belonged to Suhrawardiyya Sufi order.
Saadat Hasan Manto
Saadat Hasan Manto (Punjabi, سعادت حسن منٹو,,; 11 May 1912 – 18 January 1955) was a Pakistani writer, playwright and author who was active in British India and later, after the 1947 partition of India, in Pakistan.
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Sage Publishing
Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.
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Salimuzzaman Siddiqui
Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, (سلیمالزّماں صدّیقی; 19 October 1897 – 14 April 1994) was a Pakistani organic chemist specialising in natural products, and a professor of chemistry at the University of Karachi.
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Salt Range
The Salt Range (سلسلہ کوہ نمک) is a mountain range in the north of Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt.
Samma dynasty
The Samma dynasty (سمن جو راڄ) was a medieval Sindhi dynasty which ruled the Sindh Sultanate from 1351 before being replaced by the Arghun dynasty in 1524.
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Sand cat
The sand cat (Felis margarita) is a small wild cat that inhabits sandy and stony deserts far from water sources.
Sanghar District
Sanghar District (ضلعو سانگھڙ, ضلع سانگھڑ) is one of the largest districts of Sindh province, Pakistan.
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Saraiki language
Saraiki (سرائیکی.; also spelt Siraiki, or Seraiki) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Lahnda group, spoken by more than 30 million people primarily in the south-western half of the province of Punjab in Pakistan.
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Saraiki people
The Saraikis (سرائیکی), are a Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group native to the Southwestern region of the Punjab province of Pakistan.
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Sargodha
Sargodha (Punjabi and سرگودھا) is a city and capital of Sargodha Division, located in Punjab province, Pakistan.
Science and technology in Pakistan
Science and technology is a growing field in Pakistan and has played an important role in the country's development since its founding.
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Science park
A science park (also called a "university research park", "technology park", "technopark", "technopolis", "technopole", or a "science and technology park") is defined as being a property-based development that accommodates and fosters the growth of tenant firms and that are affiliated with a university (or a government and private research bodies) based on proximity, ownership, and/or governance.
Secretary (title)
Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization.
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Secularism in Pakistan
The concept of the Two-Nation Theory on which Pakistan was founded, was largely based on Muslim nationalism.
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Senate of Pakistan
The Senate of Pakistan or Aiwān-e-Bālā Pākistān (ایوانِ بالا پاکستان,, "Pakistan upper house"), constitutionally the House of the Federation, is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan.
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Separation of powers
The separation of powers principle functionally differentiates several types of state power (usually law-making, adjudication, and execution) and requires these operations of government to be conceptually and institutionally distinguishable and articulated, thereby maintaining the integrity of each.
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September 11 attacks
The September 11 attacks, commonly known as 9/11, were four coordinated Islamist terrorist suicide attacks carried out by al-Qaeda against the United States in 2001.
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Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (11 October 188713 December 1949) was an Islamic scholar and an activist of the Pakistan Movement, who served as the of Pakistan in 1949.
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Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai
Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai (شاه عبداللطيف ڀٽائي; 1689/1690 – 21 December 1752), commonly known by the honorifics Lakhino Latif, Latif Ghot, Bhittai, and Bhit Jo Shah, was a Sindhi Sufi mystic and poet from Pakistan, widely considered to be the greatest poet of the Sindhi language.
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Shah Mir dynasty
The Shah Mir dynasty (Kashmiri: شاه میٖر خاندان) or the House of Shah Mir, was a Kashmiri dynasty that ruled the Kashmir Sultanate in the Indian subcontinent.
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Shalimar Gardens, Lahore
The Shalimar Gardens (Punjabi, شالیمار باغ|translit.
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Shalwar kameez
Shalwar kameez (also salwar kameez and less commonly shalwar qameez) is a traditional combination dress worn by men and women in South Asia, and Central Asia.
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Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a Eurasian political, economic, international security and defence organization established by China and Russia in 2001.
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Sharia
Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.
Shehbaz Sharif
Mian Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif (Urdu, Punjabi:,; born 23 September 1951) is a Pakistani politician and businessman who is currently serving as the 24th prime minister of Pakistan since March 2024, having previously served in the post from April 2022 to August 2023.
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Sheikhupura
Sheikhupura (Punjabi and شیخوپورہ) also known as Qila Sheikhupura, is a city and district in the Pakistani province of Punjab.
Shina language
Shina (ݜݨیاٗ,شِْنْیٛا) is a Dardic language of Indo-Aryan language family spoken by the Shina people.
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Sialkot
Sialkot (Punjabi, سيالكوٹ) is a city located in Punjab, Pakistan.
Sialkot International Airport
Sialkot International Airport is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) west of Sialkot in the Sialkot District of Pakistan.
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Siddi
The Siddi, also known as the Sheedi, Sidi, or Siddhi, are an ethnic minority group inhabiting Pakistan and India.
Sikh Empire
The Sikh Empire was a regional power based in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent.
Sikhism in Pakistan
Sikhism in Pakistan has an extensive heritage and history, although Sikhs form a small community in Pakistan today.
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Silk Road
The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.
Simla Agreement
The Simla Agreement, also spelled Shimla Agreement, was a peace treaty signed between India and Pakistan on 2 July 1972 in Shimla, the capital city of the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.
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Sind Division
The Sind Division was the name of an administrative division of British India located in Sindh.
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Sind Province (1936–1955)
Sind (sometimes called Scinde) was a province of British India from 1 April 1936 to 1947 and Dominion of Pakistan from 14 August 1947 to 14 October 1955.
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Sindh
Sindh (سِنْدھ,; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind) is a province of Pakistan.
Sindhi language
Sindhi (or सिन्धी) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 30 million people in the Pakistani province of Sindh, where it has official status.
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Sindhi literature
Sindhi literature (سنڌي ادب) is the collection of oral and written literature in the Sindhi language in prose (romantic tales and epic stories) and poetry (ghazals and nazm).
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Sindhis
Sindhis (سنڌي (Perso-Arabic), सिन्धी (Devanagari)| pron.
Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. Pakistan and Singapore are countries and territories where English is an official language, countries in Asia, member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, member states of the United Nations and republics in the Commonwealth of Nations.
Sino-Indian War
The Sino–Indian War, also known as the China–India War or the Indo–China War, was an armed conflict between China and India that took place from October to November 1962.
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Sir Creek
Sir Creek, originally Ban Ganga, is a 96 km (60 mi) tidal estuary in the uninhabited marshlands of the Indus River Delta on the border between India and Pakistan.
Six-Day War
The Six-Day War, also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between Israel and a coalition of Arab states (primarily Egypt, Syria, and Jordan) from 5 to 10 June 1967.
Skyhorse Publishing
Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. is an American independent book publishing company founded in 2006 and headquartered in New York City, with a satellite office in Brattleboro, Vermont.
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Small Indian civet
The small Indian civet (Viverricula indica) is a civet native to South and Southeast Asia.
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Smiling Buddha
Smiling Buddha (MEA designation: Pokhran-I) was the code name of India's first successful nuclear weapon test on 18 May 1974.
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Snow leopard
The snow leopard (Panthera uncia), occasionally called ounce, is a species of large cat in the genus Panthera of the family Felidae.
Soan River
The Soan River (دریائے سواں; دریائے سواں), also referred to as the Sawan, or Sohan, is a river in Punjab, Pakistan.
Soanian
The Soanian culture is a prehistoric technological culture from the Siwalik Hills, Pakistan.
Socialism in Pakistan
The influences of socialism and socialist movements in Pakistan have taken many different forms as a counterpart to political conservatism, from the groups like The Struggle, Lal Salam which is the Pakistani section of the International Marxist Tendency, to the Stalinist group like Communist Party through to the reformist electoral project enshrined in the birth of the Pakistan People's Party (PPP).
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Sohan halwa
Sohan halwa (Urdu سوہن حلوہ) is a traditional Mughlai dessert from Punjab, popular in the Indian subcontinent, which is a variety of dense, sweet confection or halwa.
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the regional intergovernmental organization and geopolitical union of states in South Asia.
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Soviet Air Forces
The Soviet Air Forces (r, VVS SSSR; literally "Military Air Forces of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics"; initialism VVS, sometimes referred to as the "Red Air Force", were one of the air forces of the Soviet Union. The other was the Soviet Air Defence Forces. The Air Forces were formed from components of the Imperial Russian Air Service in 1917, and faced their greatest test during World War II.
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. Pakistan and Soviet Union are federal republics.
Soviet–Afghan War
The Soviet–Afghan War was a protracted armed conflict fought in the Soviet-controlled Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) from 1979 to 1989. The war was a major conflict of the Cold War as it saw extensive fighting between Soviet Union, the DRA and allied paramilitary groups against the Afghan mujahideen and their allied foreign fighters.
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Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan
The Speaker of the National Assembly (Urdu: اسپیکر قومی اسمبلی); informally as Speaker National Assembly, is the presiding official of the National Assembly of Pakistan– a lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan.
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Special Service Group
The Pakistan Army Special Service Group (reporting name:Army SSG) is the special operations forces of the Pakistan Army.
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Springer Publishing
Springer Publishing Company is an American publishing company of academic journals and books, focusing on the fields of nursing, gerontology, psychology, social work, counseling, public health, and rehabilitation (neuropsychology).
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Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
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Spruce
A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 40 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.
Squash (sport)
Squash, sometimes called squash rackets, is a racket-and-ball sport played by two (singles) or four players (doubles) in a four-walled court with a small, hollow, rubber ball.
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Stanford University Press
Stanford University Press (SUP) is the publishing house of Stanford University.
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State emblem of Pakistan
The Coat of Arms or State Emblem of Pakistan was adopted in 1954 and symbolizes Pakistan's ideological foundation, the basis of its economy, its cultural heritage and its guiding principles.
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State religion
A state religion (also called official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state.
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State-owned enterprise
A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is a business entity which is established and/or owned by a national or state/provincial government, by an executive order or an act of legislation, in order to earn profit for the government, control monopoly of the private sector over means of production, provide commodities to citizens at a lower price, implement government policies, and/or to deliver products and services to remote locations that otherwise have trouble attracting private vendors.
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Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is an international institute based in Stockholm.
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Strategic Studies Institute
The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is the U.S. Army's institute for strategic and national security research and analysis.
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Striped hyena
The striped hyena (Hyaena hyaena) is a species of hyena native to North and East Africa, the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.
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Sufi literature
Sufi literature consists of works in various languages that express and advocate the ideas of Sufism.
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Sufism
Sufism is a mystic body of religious practice found within Islam which is characterized by a focus on Islamic purification, spirituality, ritualism and asceticism.
Sulaiman Mountains
The Sulaiman Mountains, also known as Kōh-e Sulaymān (Balochi:; "Mountains of Prophet Solomon") or Da Kasē Ghrūna (د كسې غرونه; "Mountains of Qaes/Kasi"), are a north–south extension of the southern Hindu Kush mountain system in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
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Sunnah
In Islam,, also spelled (سنة), is the traditions and practices of the Islamic prophet Muhammad that constitute a model for Muslims to follow.
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world.
SUPARCO
The Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission, commonly referred to as SUPARCO, is the national space agency of Pakistan.
Supermajority
A supermajority (also called supra-majority, supramajority, qualified majority, or special majority) is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of more than one-half used for a simple majority.
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Supreme Court of Pakistan
The Supreme Court of Pakistan (عدالتِ عظمیٰ پاکستان; Adālat-e-Uzma Pākistān) is the apex court in the judicial hierarchy of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan and Supreme Court of Pakistan are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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Syed Ahmad Khan
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (17 October 1817 – 27 March 1898), also spelled Sayyid Ahmad Khan, was a South Asian Muslim reformer, philosopher, and educationist in nineteenth-century British India.
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Tajikistan
Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Pakistan and Tajikistan are countries in Asia, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and member states of the United Nations.
Takht-i-Bahi
Takht-i-Bahi (Pashto/تختِ باہی|translation.
Taliban insurgency
The Taliban insurgency began after the group's fall from power during the 2001 War in Afghanistan.
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Talpur dynasty
The Talpur dynasty (ٽالپردور) were rulers based in Sindh, a region of present-day Pakistan.
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Tamarix
The genus Tamarix (tamarisk, salt cedar, taray) is composed of about 50–60 species of flowering plants in the family Tamaricaceae, native to drier areas of Eurasia and Africa.
Tamils
The Tamils, also known as the Tamilar, are a Dravidian ethnolinguistic group who natively speak the Tamil language and trace their ancestry mainly to India's southern state of Tamil Nadu, to the union territory of Puducherry, and to Sri Lanka.
Tape ball
A tape ball is a tennis ball wrapped in electrical tape that is often used in informal games of cricket such as street cricket, also called tape ball cricket.
Taxila
Taxila or Takshashila (Takṣaśilā; Takkasilā) is a city in the Pothohar region of Punjab, Pakistan.
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
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Technology transfer
Technology transfer (TT), also called transfer of technology (TOT), is the process of transferring (disseminating) technology from the person or organization that owns or holds it to another person or organization, in an attempt to transform inventions and scientific outcomes into new products and services that benefit society.
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Tehsil
A tehsil (also known as tahsil, taluk, or taluka) is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan.
Telephone numbers in Pakistan
Telephone numbers in Pakistan are ten digits long.
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Television in Pakistan
Television in Pakistan started in 1964 and the first live transmission of Pakistan Television began on 26 November 1964, in Lahore.
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Temple University Press
Temple University Press is a university press founded in 1969 that is part of Temple University (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania).
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Terrorism in Pakistan
Terrorism in Pakistan, according to the Ministry of Interior, poses a significant threat to the people of Pakistan.
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Thar Desert
The Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is an arid region in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent that covers an area of in India and Pakistan.
Tharparkar
Tharparkar (Dhatki/ٿرپارڪر; تھرپارکر), also known as Thar, is a district in Sindh province in Pakistan, headquartered at Mithi.
Thatta
Thatta (ٺٽو, IPA: ʈɦəʈːoː;, IPA: ʈɦəʈːɑː) is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh.
The Express Tribune
The Express Tribune is a daily English-language newspaper based in Pakistan.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
The Nation (Pakistan)
The Nation is an English-language daily newspaper owned by Majid Nizami Trust and based in Lahore, Pakistan.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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The News International
The News International, published in broadsheet size, is one of the largest English language newspapers in Pakistan.
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The Quarto Group
The Quarto Group is a global illustrated book publishing group founded in 1976.
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The Washington Post
The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.
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The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
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Third Way
The Third Way, also known as Modernised Social Democracy, is a predominantly centrist political position that attempts to reconcile centre-right and centre-left politics by synthesising a combination of economically liberal and social democratic economic policies along with centre-left social policies.
Thomson Reuters
Thomson Reuters Corporation is a Canadian-American multinational information conglomerate.
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Tit for tat
Tit for tat is an English saying meaning "equivalent retaliation".
Tomb of Jahangir
The Tomb of Jahangir (مقبرۂ جہانگیر) is a 17th-century mausoleum built for the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
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Trans-Karakoram Tract
The Trans-Karakoram Tract, also known as the Shaksgam Tract (شکسگام|translit.
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Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT, is an international treaty intended to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament.
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Two-nation theory
The two-nation theory was an ideology of religious nationalism that advocated Muslim Indian nationhood, with separate homelands for Indian Muslims and Indian Hindus within a decolonised British India, which ultimately led to the Partition of India in 1947.
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Ulama
In Islam, the ulama (the learned ones; singular ʿālim; feminine singular alimah; plural aalimath), also spelled ulema, are scholars of Islamic doctrine and law.
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
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Umerkot District
Umerkot District (Dhatki: عمرکوٹ / عمرڪوٽ, عمرڪوٽ ضلعو, ضلع عمرکوٹ), also known as Amarkot District, is a district in the Sindh province of Pakistan.
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UNESCO Science Prize
The UNESCO Science Prize is a biennial scientific prize awarded by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) to "a person or group of persons for an outstanding contribution they have made to the technological development of a developing member state or region through the application of scientific and technological research (particularly in the fields of education, engineering and industrial development)." The candidates for the Science Prize are proposed to the Director-General of UNESCO by the governments of member states or by non-governmental organizations.
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Union councils of Pakistan
The union councils of Pakistan (یونین کونسل), referred to as village councils in villages, are an elected local government body consisting of 21 councillors, and headed by a Nazim which is equivalent to a mayor or chairperson and a Naib Nazim (vice chairperson).
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland. Pakistan and United Kingdom are member states of the Commonwealth of Nations and member states of the United Nations.
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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country.
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United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan
Pakistan has served in 46 United Nations peacekeeping missions in 29 countries around the world.
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United Provinces (1937–1950)
The United Provinces (UP) was a province of British India and, subsequently, independent India.
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United States Agency for International Development
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the United States government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.
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United States Army War College
The United States Army War College (USAWC) is a U.S. Army educational institution in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, on the 500-acre (2 km2) campus of the historic Carlisle Barracks.
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United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
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United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (USGPO or GPO), formerly the United States Government Printing Office, is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States Federal government.
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United States involvement in regime change
Since the 19th century, the United States government has participated and interfered, both overtly and covertly, in the replacement of many foreign governments.
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Universal suffrage
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the "one person, one vote" principle.
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University of Balochistan
The University of Balochistan (UoB) (Urdu: جامعہ بلوچستان; Balochi: بلوچستان ء یونیورسٹی), also known as Balochistan University, is a public university located in the city centre area of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan.
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University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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University of Karachi
The University of Karachi (ڪراچی يونيورسٹی.; informally Karachi University, KU, or UoK) is a public research university located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
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University of Peshawar
The University of Peshawar (د پېښور پوهنتون; پشور یونیورسٹی; جامعۂ پشاور; abbreviated UoP; known more popularly as Peshawar University) is a public research university located in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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University of Sindh
The University of Sindh (جامعہ سندھ; سنڌ يونيورسٽي; informally known as Sindh University) is a public research university in Pakistan located in the city of Jamshoro. Pakistan and university of Sindh are 1947 establishments in Pakistan.
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University of the Punjab
The University of the Punjab (پنجاب یونیورسٹی; جامعہ پنجاب), also referred to as Punjab University, is a public research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. It is the oldest and largest public sector university in Pakistan. With campuses in Gujranwala, Jhelum, and Khanspur, the university was formally established by the British government after convening the first meeting for establishing higher education institutions in October 1882 at Simla.
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University Press of Kentucky
The University Press of Kentucky (UPK) is the scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and was organized in 1969 as successor to the University of Kentucky Press.
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Upper house
An upper house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house.
Urbanisation in Pakistan
Urbanisation in Pakistan has increased since the time of independence and has several different causes.
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Urdu
Urdu (اُردُو) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia.
Urdu literature
Urdu literature (ادبیاتِ اُردُو) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language.
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Urial
The urial (Ovis vignei), also known as arkars, shapo, or shapu, is a wild sheep native to Central and South Asia.
Uyghurs
The Uyghurs, alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central and East Asia.
Vedas
The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
Vedic period
The Vedic period, or the Vedic age, is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (–900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain BCE.
Verso Books
Verso Books (formerly New Left Books) is a left-wing publishing house based in London and New York City, founded in 1970 by the staff of New Left Review (NLR) and includes Tariq Ali and Perry Anderson on its board of directors.
Violence against women during the Partition of India
During the Partition of India, violence against women occurred extensively.
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Vocational education
Vocational education is education that prepares people for a skilled craft as an artisan, trade as a tradesperson, or work as a technician.
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Wakhan Corridor
The Wakhan Corridor (translit; translit) is a narrow strip of territory in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan.
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War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
The War in Afghanistan was an armed conflict that took place from 2001 to 2021.
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Water & Power Development Authority
The Pakistan Water & Power Development Authority (WAPDA; مقتدرہ ترقیات پانی و بجلی) is a government-owned public utility agency maintaining hydropower and water in Pakistan, although it does not manage thermal power plants.
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Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is the unit of power or radiant flux in the International System of Units (SI), equal to 1 joule per second or 1 kg⋅m2⋅s−3.
Wazir Khan Mosque
The Wazir Khan Mosque (وزیر خاں مسیت, Wazīr Khã Masīt; Persian) is a 17th-century Mughal masjid located in the city of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Western tragopan
The western tragopan or western horned tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalus) is a medium-sized brightly plumed pheasant found along the range of Himalayas from north-eastern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in northern Pakistan in the west to Uttarakhand within India to the east.
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Wild boar
The wild boar (Sus scrofa), also known as the wild swine, common wild pig, Eurasian wild pig, or simply wild pig, is a suid native to much of Eurasia and North Africa, and has been introduced to the Americas and Oceania.
Wildlife of Pakistan
The wildlife of Pakistan comprises a diverse flora and fauna in a wide range of habitats from sea level to high elevation areas in the mountains, including 195 mammal, 668 bird species and more than 5000 species of Invertebrates.
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Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
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WIN/GIA
The Worldwide Independent Network/Gallup International Association (WIN/GIA) was an international cooperation of independent market research and polling firms.
Women in Islam
The experiences of Muslim women (Muslimāt, singular مسلمة Muslimah) vary widely between and within different societies.
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World constitution
A world constitution is a proposed framework or document aimed at establishing a system of global governance.
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World Economic Forum
The World Economic Forum (WEF) is an international non-governmental organization, think tank, and lobbying organisation based in Cologny, Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.
See Pakistan and World Economic Forum
World Press Freedom Index
The World Press Freedom Index (WPFI) is an annual ranking of countries compiled and published by Reporters Without Borders (RSF) since 2002 based upon the organization's own assessment of the countries' press freedom records in the previous year.
See Pakistan and World Press Freedom Index
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade.
See Pakistan and World Trade Organization
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Xinjiang
Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads of Central Asia and East Asia.
Yahoo! News
Yahoo! News is a news website that originated as an internet-based news aggregator by Yahoo!.
Yahya Khan
Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (4 February 191710 August 1980) was a Pakistani military officer, who served as the third president of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971.
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University.
See Pakistan and Yale University Press
Yom Kippur War
The Yom Kippur War, also known as the Ramadan War, the October War, the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, or the Fourth Arab–Israeli War, was an armed conflict fought from 6 to 25 October 1973, between Israel and a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria.
See Pakistan and Yom Kippur War
Yusuf Raza Gilani
Yusuf Raza Gilani (born 9 June 1952) is a Pakistani politician who served as the 16th prime minister of Pakistan from 2008 to 2012.
See Pakistan and Yusuf Raza Gilani
Zippe-type centrifuge
The Zippe-type centrifuge is a gas centrifuge designed to enrich the rare fissile isotope uranium-235 (235U) from the mixture of isotopes found in naturally occurring uranium compounds.
See Pakistan and Zippe-type centrifuge
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism (Din-e Zartoshti), also known as Mazdayasna and Behdin, is an Iranian religion.
See Pakistan and Zoroastrianism
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani barrister, politician, and statesman.
See Pakistan and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
.pk
.pk is the designated Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Pakistan.
See Pakistan and .pk
1937 Indian provincial elections
Provincial elections were held in British India in the winter of 1936–37 as mandated by the Government of India Act 1935.
See Pakistan and 1937 Indian provincial elections
1946 Cabinet Mission to India
A cabinet mission went to India on 24 March 1946 to discuss the transfer of power from the British government to the Indian political leadership with the aim of preserving India's unity and granting its independence.
See Pakistan and 1946 Cabinet Mission to India
1958 Pakistani military coup
The 1958 Pakistani military coup was the first military coup in Pakistan that took place on 27 October 1958.
See Pakistan and 1958 Pakistani military coup
1970 Bhola cyclone
The 1970 Bhola cyclone (also known as the Great Cyclone of 1970) was a devastating tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) and India's West Bengal on November 12, 1970.
See Pakistan and 1970 Bhola cyclone
1970 Pakistani general election
General elections were held in Pakistan on 7 December 1970 to elect members of the National Assembly.
See Pakistan and 1970 Pakistani general election
1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
The 1972 visit by United States president Richard Nixon to the People's Republic of China was an important strategic and diplomatic overture that marked the culmination of the Nixon administration's establishment of relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China after years of American diplomatic policy that favored the Republic of China in Taiwan.
See Pakistan and 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China
1977 Pakistani military coup
The 1977 Pakistani military coup (codenamed Operation Fair Play) was the second military coup in Pakistan that took place on 5 July 1977.
See Pakistan and 1977 Pakistani military coup
1997 Pakistani general election
General elections were held in Pakistan on 3 February 1997 to elect the members of National Assembly.
See Pakistan and 1997 Pakistani general election
1999 Pakistani coup d'état
The 1999 military takeover in Pakistan was a bloodless coup d'état initiated by the military staff at the Joint Staff HQ working under the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee and Chief of Army Staff General Pervez Musharraf.
See Pakistan and 1999 Pakistani coup d'état
2005 Kashmir earthquake
An earthquake occurred at on 8 October 2005 in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, a territory under Pakistan.
See Pakistan and 2005 Kashmir earthquake
2008 Pakistani general election
General elections were held in Pakistan on 18 February 2008 to elect members of the 13th National Assembly and the four Provincial Assemblies.
See Pakistan and 2008 Pakistani general election
2013 Pakistani general election
General elections were held in Pakistan on Saturday 11 May 2013 to elect the members of the 14th National Assembly and the four Provincial Assemblies.
See Pakistan and 2013 Pakistani general election
See also
Countries and territories where Urdu is an official language
- Azad Kashmir
- Bihar
- Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
- Karachi Division
- Old Dhaka
- Pakistan
- States of India by Urdu speakers
- Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh
- Uttar Pradesh
Developing 8 Countries member states
- Bangladesh
- D-8 Organization for Economic Cooperation
- Egypt
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Malaysia
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
- Turkey
Federal republics
- Argentina
- Austria
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Brazil
- Ethiopia
- Federal republic
- Germany
- Iraq
- Mexico
- Nepal
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
- Russia
- Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
- Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
- Somalia
- South Sudan
- Soviet Union
- Sudan
- Switzerland
- Venezuela
Islamic republics
- Arab Islamic Republic
- Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
- Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
- Iran
- Islamic republic
- Mauritania
- Pakistan
Member states of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
- Afghanistan
- Bangladesh
- Bhutan
- India
- Maldives
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
Pashto-speaking countries and territories
Punjabi-speaking countries and territories
- Haryana
- Pakistan
- Punjab, India
- Punjab, Pakistan
Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations
- Bangladesh
- Barbados
- Botswana
- Cameroon
- Cyprus
- Dominica
- Fiji
- Gabon
- Ghana
- Guyana
- India
- Kenya
- Kiribati
- Malawi
- Maldives
- Malta
- Mauritius
- Mozambique
- Namibia
- Nauru
- Nigeria
- Pakistan
- Republics in the Commonwealth of Nations
- Rwanda
- Samoa
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore
- South Africa
- Sri Lanka
- Tanzania
- The Gambia
- Togo
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Uganda
- Vanuatu
- Zambia
South Asian countries
- Afghanistan
- Bangladesh
- Bhutan
- British Indian Ocean Territory
- India
- Maldives
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
States and territories established in 1947
- 1947 North-West Frontier Province referendum
- Ajmer State
- Assam
- Assam (1947–1963)
- Azad Kashmir
- Baltiysky Administrative District
- Bizone
- Chitral District
- Chocó Department
- Dominion of India
- Dominion of Pakistan
- East Bengal
- East Borneo Region
- East Punjab
- Eastern States Union
- Federally Administered Tribal Areas
- Free Territory of Trieste
- French Upper Volta
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- India
- Inner Mongolia
- Kingdom of Laos
- Kutch State
- Luogosanto
- Mizo District
- Mysore State
- Mường Autonomous Territory
- Nùng Autonomous Territory
- Oktyabrsky Administrative District, Kaliningrad
- Pakistan
- Polish People's Republic
- Provisional Democratic Government
- Rajpora
- Republic of Saugeais
- Saar Protectorate
- Sakhalin Oblast
- Socialist Republic of Romania
- Southeast Borneo Federation
- State of East Sumatra
- Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
- West Bengal
- West Borneo (Special Region)
- West Pakistan
- West Punjab
References
Also known as Al-Bakistan, Al-Pakistan, Bakistaan, Bakistan, Bakstaan, Etymology of Pakistan, Federal Republic of Pakistan, Federation of pakistan, Flora and fauna of Pakistan, I.R. of Pakistan, IR Pakistan, IROP, ISO 3166-1:PK, Islamic Republic Of Pakistan, Islamic Republic Pakistan, Islamic State of Pakistan, Islāmī Jumhūriyah Pākistān, Islāmī Jumhūriyah-yi Pākistān, Islāmī Jumhūrī-ye Pākistān, Mumlikat e Khudad e Pakistan, Mumlikat-e-Khudad-e-Pakistan, Name of Pakistan, Names of Pakistan, Naming of Pakistan, Nation-state of Pakistan, PKSTN, Paakistan, Pacistan, Packistan, Pak-e-stan, Pak-i-stan, Pakastan, Pakasthan, Pakictan, Pakiland, Pakisatan, Pakistaan, Pakistan (country), Pakistan (nation-state), Pakistan (state), Pakistan Republic, Pakistan proper, Pakistan's, Pakistan's textile industry, Pakistan, Islamic Republic, Pakistan, Islamic Republic of, Pakistan., Pakistana, Pakistani Federation, Pakistani Republic, Pakistani nation state, Pakistani nation-state, Pakistani state, Pakistani union, Pakistano, Pakisthan, Pakistāna, Pakland, Paksitan, Pakstan, Paqistan, Paquistán, Paskitan, Public infrastructure in Pakistan, Pākistān, Republic of Pakistan, State of Pakistan, The Islamic Republic Pakistan, The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, The Islamic State of Pakistan, The Republic of Pakistan, The State of Pakistan, Union of Pakistan, , اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان, اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاكِستان, اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان, باكستان, پاكِستان.
, Aurangzeb, Author Solutions, AuthorHouse, Awami League, Ayub Khan, Ayub Ommaya, Azad Kashmir, Azadirachta indica, Bacha Khan International Airport, Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex, Badr-1, Badshahi Mosque, Bahawalpur (princely state), Baháʼí Faith in Pakistan, Baloch people, Balochi Academy, Balochi language, Balochistan, Pakistan, Balti language, Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner's Province), Baluchistan Agency, Bangladesh, Bangladesh Liberation War, Barron's, Battle of Miani, Battle of the Hydaspes, BBC News, Benazir Bhutto, Bengal, Bengal Renaissance, Bengali nationalism, Bengalis in Pakistan, Bicameralism, Bloomsbury Publishing, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brahui language, Brahui people, BRIC, BRICS, Brighton, Brill Publishers, British Council, British cuisine, British Empire, British Raj, Bronze Age, Brookings Institution, Buddhism, Buddhism in Pakistan, Buddhist architecture, Bulleh Shah, Burmese people, C. Hurst & Co., Cabinet of Pakistan, Cambridge Assessment International Education, Cambridge University Press, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Catholic Church in Pakistan, Cedrus deodara, Cell Press, Central Asia, Central Asian cuisine, Central Intelligence Agency, Chagai-I, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan, Chandragupta Maurya, Chashma Nuclear Power Complex, Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman, Chemistry, Chief Justice of Pakistan, Chiffon (fabric), Chili powder, China–Pakistan Free Trade Agreement, China–Pakistan relations, Chinkara, Cholistan Desert, Choudhry Rahmat Ali, Christianity in Pakistan, Civil–military relations, Classical Association, Clement Attlee, Climate of Pakistan, Coal-fired power station, Coconut, Cold War, Columbia University, Commander-in-chief, Common Era, Commonwealth of Nations, Community college, Computer science, Condensed matter physics, Congressional Research Service, Conscription, Constitution of Pakistan, Constitution of Pakistan of 1956, Constitution of Pakistan of 1962, Consumer price index, Convention on Biological Diversity, Conventional warfare, Corporate sector of Pakistan, Corruption in Pakistan, Council of Islamic Ideology, Counterterrorism, CRC Press, CreateSpace, Cricket, Cricket World Cup, Crow, Culture of Pakistan, Curry, Daily Times (Pakistan), Dalbergia sissoo, Date and time notation in Pakistan, Date palm, Dawah, Dawn (newspaper), Dawn News, Daylight saving time, Death of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Deciduous, Delhi Sultanate, Demetrius I of Bactria, Democracy in Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Demolition of the Babri Masjid, Deobandi movement, Deutsche Welle, Developing country, Diplomat, Districts of Pakistan, Dominion of Pakistan, Dominique Lapierre, Duke University Press, Durand Line, Durrani Empire, Eagle, East Bengal, East India Company, East Pakistan, Easter, Economic and Political Weekly, Economic Cooperation Organization, Economic liberalisation in Pakistan, Economy of Karachi, Education in Pakistan, Education reform, Effort to impeach Pervez Musharraf, Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, Eight-thousander, Electoral College (Pakistan), Electricity distribution companies of Pakistan, Electricity generation, Electricity sector in Pakistan, Electronic engineering, Electroweak interaction, Elsevier, English-medium education, Enlightened moderation, Enriched uranium, Ephedra (plant), Eritrea, ETH Zurich, Ethiopia, Ethnic groups in Pakistan, Ethnolinguistic group, Etiquette in Pakistan, Eurasian Plate, Extended family, Faisal Mosque, Faisalabad, Faisalabad International Airport, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Falcon, Fashion Pakistan Week, Federal Investigation Agency, Federal parliamentary republic, Federal Shariat Court, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Field hockey, Field hockey at the Asian Games, Field hockey at the Summer Olympics, Financial centre, Financial Times, First Anglo-Afghan War, First-past-the-post voting, Fissile material, Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty, Folk costume, Food and Agriculture Organization, Foreign relations of Pakistan, Fourteen Points of Jinnah, Free education, Freedom of the press, Friesens, Frontiers Media, Frontline (magazine), Full spectrum deterrence, G20 developing nations, Gandhara, Garam masala, Gareth Stevens, Genetics, Geography of Pakistan, Geostrategy, Ghazal, Ghaznavids, Ghurid dynasty, Gilgit, Gilgit-Baltistan, Global Innovation Index, Golden jackal, Goldman Sachs, Government of Pakistan, Governor-General of India, Governor-General of Pakistan, Grand Mosque seizure, Greco-Buddhism, Green Revolution, Gross domestic product, Gujranwala, Gujrat, Pakistan, Gulf of Oman, Gulf War, Gupta Empire, Gwadar Port, Harappa, Harvard University Press, Hawaii, Hawk, Hazaras, Hazarewal, Head of government, Head of state, Herald (Pakistan), High courts of Pakistan, Himalayan brown bear, Hindi–Urdu controversy, Hindko, Hindkowans, Hindu Kush, Hindu Shahis, Hindu–Islamic relations, Hinduism, Hinduism in Pakistan, Hippie trail, Historical linguistics, History of Pakistan, Holi, Homosexuality, Honolulu, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Human Development Index, Human Rights Watch, Hunza Valley, Hyderabad State, Hydroelectricity, Ibex, ICC Champions Trophy, ICC Men's T20 World Cup, Immigration to Pakistan, Imran Khan, Independence Day (Pakistan), Independence of Bangladesh, India–Pakistan border, India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement, Indian campaign of Alexander the Great, Indian crested porcupine, Indian cuisine, Indian pangolin, Indian Plate, Indian Rebellion of 1857, Indian subcontinent, Indiana University Press, Indo-Aryan migrations, Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Islamic architecture, Indo-Pakistani war of 1947–1948, Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, Indo-Pakistani war of 1971, Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts, Indo-Persian culture, Indus Kohistani, Indus Kohistani people, Indus River, Indus River Delta–Arabian Sea mangroves, Indus river dolphin, Indus Valley Civilisation, Industry of Pakistan, Information Age Publishing, Information technology in Pakistan, Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad, Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir), Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Intelligence Bureau (Pakistan), Inter-Services Intelligence, Interlaken, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Cricket Council, International development, International dollar, International Foundation for Electoral Systems, International Futures, International Institute for Strategic Studies, International Monetary Fund, International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Interventionism (politics), Iran–Pakistan border, Iranian Plateau, Iskandar Ali Mirza, Islam in India, Islam in Pakistan, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory, Islamabad International Airport, Islamic architecture, Islamic calendar, Islamic economics in Pakistan, Islamic republic, Islamic state, Islamistan, Islamization in Pakistan, ISO 15919, Israel, Israel–Pakistan relations, Jahangir Khan, Jainism, Jainism in Pakistan, Jalaludin Abdur Rahim, Jamaat-e-Islami, Jammu and Kashmir (princely state), Japan, Javed Nasir, Jawaharlal Nehru, Jhelum, Jim O'Neill, Baron O'Neill of Gatley, Jinnah International Airport, John Richard Sisson, Johns Hopkins University Press, Joint Staff Headquarters (Pakistan), Josh Malihabadi, Journal of Genocide Research, Journal of International Affairs, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Judiciary of Pakistan, Jungle cat, Juniper, Jurist, K-Electric, K2, Kabul, Kalash people, Kalasha language, Karachi, Karachi Cantonment, Karachi Cantonment railway station, Karachi Circular Railway, Karachi Nuclear Power Complex, Karakoram, Karakoram Highway, Kargil district, Kargil War, Karimabad, Gilgit-Baltistan, Kashmir, Kashmir conflict, Kashmiri language, Kashmiris, Kearney (consulting firm), Khan Research Laboratories, Kho people, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Kot Diji, Kushan Empire, Labour in Pakistan, Ladakh, Lahore, Lahore District, Lahore Fort, Lahore Metrobus, Lahore Resolution, Lake Saiful Muluk, Languages of Pakistan, Larry Collins (writer), Larry Pressler, Lassi, Law enforcement in Pakistan, Legal Framework Order, 1970, Legislature, Leopard, Liaquat Ali Khan, Liberalism and progressivism within Islam, Library of Congress, Library of Congress Country Studies, Line of Control, List of cities in Pakistan by population, List of constituencies of Pakistan, List of countries and dependencies by area, List of countries and dependencies by population, List of countries by GDP (nominal), List of countries by GDP (PPP), List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita, List of countries by number of Internet users, List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel, List of countries by total wealth, List of earthquakes in Pakistan, List of hill stations in Pakistan, List of mountain ranges of Pakistan, List of newspapers in Pakistan, List of prime ministers of Pakistan, List of schools in Pakistan, List of states with nuclear weapons, List of terrorist incidents in Pakistan since 2001, List of Twenty20 cricket competitions, List of universities in Pakistan, Local government in Pakistan, Lodi dynasty, Lollywood, Longman, Lord Mountbatten, Lord's, Lower house, Lower Paleolithic, Lulu.com, Lyric poetry, Macroeconomics, Madrassas in Pakistan, Mahatma Gandhi, Mahbub ul Haq, Major non-NATO ally, Majority, Majority rule, Malala Yousafzai, Manchester University Press, Mangrove, Manohar Parrikar Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, Maratha Confederacy, Marco Polo sheep, Mardan, Markhor, Marshall Cavendish, Martensite, Materials science, Maurya Empire, Mazar-e-Quaid, McFarland & Company, Mecca, Mehrgarh, Men's FIH Hockey World Cup, Menander I, Meo (ethnic group), Mewati language, Middle power, Middle school, Military coups in Pakistan, Military exercise, Military history of Pakistan, Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II, Military Intelligence (Pakistan), Minar-e-Pakistan, Ministry of Environment (Pakistan), Mirpur Khas District, Mirza Qaleech Baig, Mogadishu, Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Mohenjo-daro, Monarchy of Pakistan, Mongoose, Montane ecosystems, Morphology (biology), Mugger crocodile, Mughal architecture, Mughal Empire, Muhammad, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Muhammad ibn al-Qasim, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Mukti Bahini, Multan, Multan International Airport, Multi-party system, Muslim Brotherhood, Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent, Mutual assured destruction, Muzaffarabad, Myanmar, Nader Shah, Nanga Parbat, NASA, National Assembly of Pakistan, National Command Authority (Pakistan), National Electric Power Regulatory Authority, National Highways & Motorway Police, National poet, Nationalisation in Pakistan, Nawaz Sharif, Necktie, Nehru Report, Neolithic, New York City, Nilgai, Nobel Prize in Physics, North-West Frontier Province, Nova Science Publishers, Nowshera, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Nuclear command and control, Nuclear doctrine of Pakistan, Nuclear family, Nuclear power in Pakistan, Nuclear power plant, Nuclear weapon, Objectives Resolution, Old World sparrow, Oman, Ommaya reservoir, Operation Black Thunderstorm, Operation Cyclone, Operation Rah-e-Nijat, Operation Searchlight, Optical fiber, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, Orient Blackswan, Outline of Pakistan, Oxford University Press, Pakistan Academy of Letters, Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Pakistan Air Force, Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction, Pakistan Antarctic Programme, Pakistan Armed Forces, Pakistan Army, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority, Pakistan Declaration, Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency, Pakistan Football Federation, Pakistan in the war on terror, Pakistan International Airlines, Pakistan Marines, Pakistan Movement, Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Pakistan Muslim League (N), Pakistan Navy, Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Pakistan People's Party, Pakistan Railways, Pakistan Standard Time, Pakistan Super League, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf, Pakistan Television Corporation, Pakistani clothing, Pakistani diaspora, Pakistani English, Pakistani English literature, Pakistani folklore, Pakistani Instrument of Surrender, Pakistani Intelligence community, Pakistani nationalism, Pakistani rupee, Pakistani Taliban, Palas Valley, Palgrave Macmillan, Pamir Mountains, Parliament of Pakistan, Parliamentary republic, Parliamentary system, Parsis, Partition of India, Party chair, Pashto cinema, Pashto literature and poetry, Pashtuns, Pastoralism, Penguin Group, Periods of stagflation in Pakistan, Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations, Persian language, Persian literature, Pervez Musharraf, Peshawar, Pew Research Center, PFDC Sunsilk Fashion Week, Philippines, Philology, Pine, Pokhran-II, Politics of Pakistan, Polo, Port of Karachi, Port of Pasni, Port Qasim, Porus, Poverty in Pakistan, Preemptive war, Presidencies and provinces of British India, President of Pakistan, Prime Minister of Pakistan, Princely state, Princeton University Press, Private university, Privatisation in Pakistan, Provincial governments of Pakistan, Public university, Punjab, Punjab Province (British India), Punjab, Pakistan, Punjabi language, Punjabi literature, Purchasing power parity, Qaumi Taranah, Qawwali, Qazi Faez Isa, Queen Victoria, Quetta, Quetta International Airport, Quit India Movement, Quran, R. J. Rummel, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, Radio Pakistan, Rai dynasty, Ramadan, Rapid transit, Rawalpindi, Rehbar-I, Religion in Pakistan, Religious text, Renewable energy, Reporters Without Borders, Research Society of International Law, Reuters, Richard Nixon, Rigveda, Rocket, Rohingya people, Roti, Rounaq Jahan, Routledge, Rowman & Littlefield, Royal Pavilion, Royal Society, Ruchir Sharma, Rukn-e-Alam, Saadat Hasan Manto, Sage Publishing, Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Salt Range, Samma dynasty, Sand cat, Sanghar District, Saraiki language, Saraiki people, Sargodha, Science and technology in Pakistan, Science park, Secretary (title), Secularism in Pakistan, Senate of Pakistan, Separation of powers, September 11 attacks, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Shah Mir dynasty, Shalimar Gardens, Lahore, Shalwar kameez, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, Sharia, Shehbaz Sharif, Sheikhupura, Shina language, Sialkot, Sialkot International Airport, Siddi, Sikh Empire, Sikhism in Pakistan, Silk Road, Simla Agreement, Sind Division, Sind Province (1936–1955), Sindh, Sindhi language, Sindhi literature, Sindhis, Singapore, Sino-Indian War, Sir Creek, Six-Day War, Skyhorse Publishing, Small Indian civet, Smiling Buddha, Snow leopard, Soan River, Soanian, Socialism in Pakistan, Sohan halwa, South Asia, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, Soviet Air Forces, Soviet Union, Soviet–Afghan War, Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan, Special Service Group, Springer Publishing, Springer Science+Business Media, Spruce, Squash (sport), Stanford University Press, State emblem of Pakistan, State religion, State-owned enterprise, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Strategic Studies Institute, Striped hyena, Sufi literature, Sufism, Sulaiman Mountains, Sunnah, Sunni Islam, SUPARCO, Supermajority, Supreme Court of Pakistan, Syed Ahmad Khan, Tajikistan, Takht-i-Bahi, Taliban insurgency, Talpur dynasty, Tamarix, Tamils, Tape ball, Taxila, Taylor & Francis, Technology transfer, Tehsil, Telephone numbers in Pakistan, Television in Pakistan, Temple University Press, Terrorism in Pakistan, Thar Desert, Tharparkar, Thatta, The Express Tribune, The Guardian, The Nation (Pakistan), The New York Times, The News International, The Quarto Group, The Washington Post, The World Factbook, Third Way, Thomson Reuters, Tit for tat, Tomb of Jahangir, Trans-Karakoram Tract, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Two-nation theory, Ulama, Umayyad Caliphate, Umerkot District, UNESCO Science Prize, Union councils of Pakistan, United Kingdom, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations peacekeeping missions involving Pakistan, United Provinces (1937–1950), United States Agency for International Development, United States Army War College, United States Department of State, United States Government Publishing Office, United States involvement in regime change, Universal suffrage, University of Balochistan, University of California Press, University of Chicago Press, University of Karachi, University of Peshawar, University of Sindh, University of the Punjab, University Press of Kentucky, Upper house, Urbanisation in Pakistan, Urdu, Urdu literature, Urial, Uyghurs, Vedas, Vedic period, Verso Books, Violence against women during the Partition of India, Vocational education, Wakhan Corridor, War in Afghanistan (2001–2021), Water & Power Development Authority, Watt, Wazir Khan Mosque, Western tragopan, Wild boar, Wildlife of Pakistan, Wiley (publisher), WIN/GIA, Women in Islam, World constitution, World Economic Forum, World Press Freedom Index, World Trade Organization, World War II, Xinjiang, Yahoo! News, Yahya Khan, Yale University Press, Yom Kippur War, Yusuf Raza Gilani, Zippe-type centrifuge, Zoroastrianism, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, .pk, 1937 Indian provincial elections, 1946 Cabinet Mission to India, 1958 Pakistani military coup, 1970 Bhola cyclone, 1970 Pakistani general election, 1972 visit by Richard Nixon to China, 1977 Pakistani military coup, 1997 Pakistani general election, 1999 Pakistani coup d'état, 2005 Kashmir earthquake, 2008 Pakistani general election, 2013 Pakistani general election.