Table of Contents
348 relations: Abjad, Abugida, Abusir, Academic discipline, Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, Achaemenid Empire, Addendum, Adolf Hitler, Akkadian language, Aleph, Alphabet, Amaravathi, Palnadu district, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Near East, Andhra Pradesh, Anglo-Saxons, Annexation, Antiqua (typeface class), Antiquarian, Apabhraṃśa, Apollonius of Rhodes, Apostolic Chancery, Apulia, Arabic, Arabic alphabet, Aramaic, Aramaic alphabet, Arameans, Archetype, Aristotle, Armand Colin, Asemic writing, Ashoka, Augustine of Canterbury, Austria, Auxiliary sciences of history, Avroman, Émile Chatelain, Babylonia, Banavasi, Barry B. Powell, Bastarda, Benedictines, Beneventan script, Benevento, Bengal, Bengali language, Bernard de Montfaucon, Bernhard Bischoff, Berthold Ullman, ... Expand index (298 more) »
- Papyrology
Abjad
An abjad (أبجد), also abgad, is a writing system in which only consonants are represented, leaving the vowel sounds to be inferred by the reader.
Abugida
An abugida (from Ge'ez: አቡጊዳ)sometimes also called alphasyllabary, neosyllabary, or pseudo-alphabetis a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as units; each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary, similar to a diacritical mark.
Abusir
Abusir (ابو صير; Egyptian pr wsjr; ⲃⲟⲩⲥⲓⲣⲓ, "the resting place of Osiris"; Βούσιρις) is the name given to an ancient Egyptian archaeological pyramid complex comprising the ruins of 4 kings' pyramids dating to the Old Kingdom period, and is part of the Pyramid Fields of the Memphis and its Necropolis UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Academic discipline
An academic discipline or academic field is a subdivision of knowledge that is taught and researched at the college or university level.
See Palaeography and Academic discipline
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
The Academy of Fine Arts, Munich (Akademie der Bildenden Künste München, also known as Munich Academy) is one of the oldest and most significant art academies in Germany.
See Palaeography and Academy of Fine Arts, Munich
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Palaeography and Achaemenid Empire
Addendum
An addendum or appendix, in general, is an addition required to be made to a document by its author subsequent to its printing or publication. Palaeography and addendum are writing.
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.
See Palaeography and Adolf Hitler
Akkadian language
Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.
See Palaeography and Akkadian language
Aleph
Aleph (or alef or alif, transliterated ʾ) is the first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ʾālep 𐤀, Hebrew ʾālef א, Aramaic ʾālap 𐡀, Syriac ʾālap̄ ܐ, Arabic ʾalif ا, and North Arabian 𐪑.
Alphabet
An alphabet is a standard set of letters written to represent particular sounds in a spoken language.
Amaravathi, Palnadu district
Amaravathi is a village on the banks of the Krishna River, in the Palnadu district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
See Palaeography and Amaravathi, Palnadu district
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
See Palaeography and Ancient Egypt
Ancient Near East
The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, and northeastern Syria), ancient Egypt, ancient Persia (Elam, Media, Parthia, and Persis), Anatolia and the Armenian highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus) and the Arabian Peninsula.
See Palaeography and Ancient Near East
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh (abbr. AP) is a state in the southern coastal region of India.
See Palaeography and Andhra Pradesh
Anglo-Saxons
The Anglo-Saxons, the English or Saxons of Britain, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages.
See Palaeography and Anglo-Saxons
Annexation
Annexation, in international law, is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory.
See Palaeography and Annexation
Antiqua (typeface class)
Antiqua is a style of typeface used to mimic styles of handwriting or calligraphy common during the 15th and 16th centuries.
See Palaeography and Antiqua (typeface class)
Antiquarian
An antiquarian or antiquary is an aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past.
See Palaeography and Antiquarian
Apabhraṃśa
Apabhraṃśa (अपभ्रंश,, Prakrit) is a term used by vaiyākaraṇāḥ (native grammarians) since Patañjali to refer to languages spoken in North India before the rise of the modern languages.
See Palaeography and Apabhraṃśa
Apollonius of Rhodes
Apollonius of Rhodes (Ἀπολλώνιος Ῥόδιος Apollṓnios Rhódios; Apollonius Rhodius; fl. first half of 3rd century BC) was an ancient Greek author, best known for the Argonautica, an epic poem about Jason and the Argonauts and their quest for the Golden Fleece. Palaeography and Apollonius of Rhodes are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Apollonius of Rhodes
Apostolic Chancery
The Apostolic ChanceryCanon 260, Code of Canon Law of 1917, translated by Edward N. Peters, Ignatius Press, 2001.
See Palaeography and Apostolic Chancery
Apulia
Apulia, also known by its Italian name Puglia, is a region of Italy, located in the southern peninsular section of the country, bordering the Adriatic Sea to the east, the Strait of Otranto and Ionian Sea to the southeast and the Gulf of Taranto to the south.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet (الْأَبْجَدِيَّة الْعَرَبِيَّة, or الْحُرُوف الْعَرَبِيَّة), or Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language.
See Palaeography and Arabic alphabet
Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.
Aramaic alphabet
The ancient Aramaic alphabet was used to write the Aramaic languages spoken by ancient Aramean pre-Christian tribes throughout the Fertile Crescent.
See Palaeography and Aramaic alphabet
Arameans
The Arameans, or Aramaeans (𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀,,; אֲרַמִּים; Ἀραμαῖοι; ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ), were a tribal Semitic people in the ancient Near East, first documented in historical sources from the late 12th century BC.
Archetype
The concept of an archetype appears in areas relating to behavior, historical psychology, and literary analysis.
See Palaeography and Archetype
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
See Palaeography and Aristotle
Armand Colin
Armand Colin is a French publishing house founded in 1870 by Auguste Armand Colin.
See Palaeography and Armand Colin
Asemic writing
Asemic writing is a wordless open semantic form of writing.
See Palaeography and Asemic writing
Ashoka
Ashoka, also known as Asoka or Aśoka (– 232 BCE), and popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was Emperor of Magadha in the Indian subcontinent from until 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynasty.
Augustine of Canterbury
Augustine of Canterbury (early 6th century – most likely 26 May 604) was a Christian monk who became the first archbishop of Canterbury in the year 597.
See Palaeography and Augustine of Canterbury
Austria
Austria, formally the Republic of Austria, is a landlocked country in Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps.
Auxiliary sciences of history
Auxiliary (or ancillary) sciences of history are scholarly disciplines which help evaluate and use historical sources and are seen as auxiliary for historical research.
See Palaeography and Auxiliary sciences of history
Avroman
Avroman or Hawraman, (translit, translit) is a mountainous region located within the provinces of Kurdistan and Kermanshah in western Iran and in north-eastern Kurdistan Region in Iraq.
Émile Chatelain
Émile Chatelain (25 November 1851 – 26 November 1933) was a French Latinist and palaeographer.
See Palaeography and Émile Chatelain
Babylonia
Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
See Palaeography and Babylonia
Banavasi
Banavasi is an ancient temple town located near Sirsi in Karnataka.
Barry B. Powell
Barry Bruce Powell (born 1942) is an American classical scholar who is the author of the textbook Classical Myth. Trained at Berkeley and Harvard, he is a specialist in Homer and in the history of writing.
See Palaeography and Barry B. Powell
Bastarda
Bastarda or bastard was a blackletter script used in France, the Burgundian Netherlands and Germany during the 14th and 15th centuries. Palaeography and bastarda are western calligraphy.
Benedictines
The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict (Ordo Sancti Benedicti, abbreviated as OSB), are a mainly contemplative monastic order of the Catholic Church for men and for women who follow the Rule of Saint Benedict.
See Palaeography and Benedictines
Beneventan script
The Beneventan script was a medieval script that originated in the Duchy of Benevento in southern Italy. Palaeography and Beneventan script are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Beneventan script
Benevento
Benevento (Beneviento) is a city and comune (municipality) of Campania, Italy, capital of the province of Benevento, northeast of Naples.
See Palaeography and Benevento
Bengal
Geographical distribution of the Bengali language Bengal (Bôṅgo) or endonym Bangla (Bāṅlā) is a historical geographical, ethnolinguistic and cultural term referring to a region in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.
Bengali language
Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia.
See Palaeography and Bengali language
Bernard de Montfaucon
Dom Bernard de Montfaucon, O.S.B. (13 January 1655 – 21 December 1741) was a French Benedictine monk of the Congregation of Saint Maur.
See Palaeography and Bernard de Montfaucon
Bernhard Bischoff
Bernhard Bischoff (20 December 1906 – 17 September 1991) was a German historian, paleographer, and philologist; he was born in Altendorf (administrative division of Altenburg, Thuringia), and he died in Munich.
See Palaeography and Bernhard Bischoff
Berthold Ullman
Berthold Louis Ullman (August 18, 1882 in Chicago, Illinois – June 26, 1965 in Vatican City) was an American classicist.
See Palaeography and Berthold Ullman
Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.
Biblioteca Nacional de España
The (National Library of Spain) is a major public library, the largest in Spain, and one of the largest in the world.
See Palaeography and Biblioteca Nacional de España
Blackletter
Blackletter (sometimes black letter or black-letter), also known as Gothic script, Gothic minuscule or Gothic type, was a script used throughout Western Europe from approximately 1150 until the 17th century. Palaeography and Blackletter are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Blackletter
Bobbio Abbey
Bobbio Abbey (Italian: Abbazia di San Colombano) is a monastery founded by Irish Saint Columbanus in 614, around which later grew up the town of Bobbio, in the province of Piacenza, Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
See Palaeography and Bobbio Abbey
Book
A book is a medium for recording information in the form of writing or images.
Book hand
A book hand was any of several stylized handwriting scripts used during ancient and medieval times. Palaeography and book hand are writing.
See Palaeography and Book hand
Brahmi script
Brahmi (ISO: Brāhmī) is a writing system of ancient India.
See Palaeography and Brahmi script
British Museum
The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London.
See Palaeography and British Museum
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
Byzantine text-type
In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. Palaeography and Byzantine text-type are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Byzantine text-type
Calligraphy
Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing. Palaeography and Calligraphy are writing.
See Palaeography and Calligraphy
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Palaeography and Cambridge University Press
Capitulary
A capitulary (Medieval Latin) was a series of legislative or administrative acts emanating from the Frankish court of the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties, especially that of Charlemagne, the first emperor of the Romans in the west since the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the late 5th century.
See Palaeography and Capitulary
Carolingian minuscule
Carolingian minuscule or Caroline minuscule is a script which developed as a calligraphic standard in the medieval European period so that the Latin alphabet of Jerome's Vulgate Bible could be easily recognized by the literate class from one region to another. Palaeography and Carolingian minuscule are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Carolingian minuscule
Catholic Encyclopedia
The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States designed to serve the Catholic Church.
See Palaeography and Catholic Encyclopedia
Chalukya dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty was a Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries.
See Palaeography and Chalukya dynasty
Chancery hand
The term "chancery hand" can refer to either of two distinct styles of historical handwriting. Palaeography and Chancery hand are western calligraphy and writing.
See Palaeography and Chancery hand
Charlemagne
Charlemagne (2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor, of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire, from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814.
See Palaeography and Charlemagne
Chera dynasty
The Chera dynasty (or Cēra), was a Sangam age Tamil dynasty which unified various regions of the western coast and western ghats in southern India to form the early Chera empire.
See Palaeography and Chera dynasty
Chola Empire
The Chola Empire, which is often referred to as the Imperial Cholas, was a medieval Indian, thalassocratic empire that was established by the Chola dynasty that rose to prominence during the middle of the ninth century and united southern India under their rule.
See Palaeography and Chola Empire
Christendom
Christendom refers to Christian states, Christian-majority countries or countries in which Christianity is dominant or prevails.
See Palaeography and Christendom
Christian literature
Christian literature is the literary aspect of Christian media, and it constitutes a huge body of extremely varied writing.
See Palaeography and Christian literature
Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero (3 January 106 BC – 7 December 43 BC) was a Roman statesman, lawyer, scholar, philosopher, writer and Academic skeptic, who tried to uphold optimate principles during the political crises that led to the establishment of the Roman Empire.
Cluny Abbey
Cluny Abbey (formerly also Cluni or Clugny) is a former Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France.
See Palaeography and Cluny Abbey
Codex
The codex (codices) was the historical ancestor of the modern book.
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, Royal MS 1. D. V-VIII), designated by the siglum A or 02 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 4 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity.
See Palaeography and Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Marchalianus
Codex Marchalianus, designated by siglum Q, is a 6th-century Greek manuscript copy of the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh or Old Testament) known as the Septuagint.
See Palaeography and Codex Marchalianus
Codex Sinaiticus
The Codex Sinaiticus (Shelfmark: London, British Library, Add MS 43725), designated by siglum [Aleph] or 01 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 2 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), also called Sinai Bible, is a fourth-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament, including the deuterocanonical books, and the Greek New Testament, with both the Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas included.
See Palaeography and Codex Sinaiticus
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus (The Vatican, Bibl. Vat., Vat. gr. 1209), designated by siglum B or 03 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts), δ 1 (in the von Soden numbering of New Testament manuscripts), is a Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament and the majority of the Greek New Testament.
See Palaeography and Codex Vaticanus
Codicology
Codicology (from French codicologie; from Latin, genitive, "notebook, book" and Greek, -logia) is the study of codices or manuscript books. Palaeography and codicology are textual criticism, textual scholarship and writing.
See Palaeography and Codicology
Coluccio Salutati
Coluccio Salutati (16 February 1331 – 4 May 1406) was an Italian Renaissance humanist and notary, and one of the most important political and cultural leaders of Renaissance Florence; as chancellor of the Florentine Republic and its most prominent voice, he was effectively the permanent secretary of state in the generation before the rise of the powerful Medici family.
See Palaeography and Coluccio Salutati
Columbanus
Columbanus (Columbán; 543 – 23 November 615) was an Irish missionary notable for founding a number of monasteries after 590 in the Frankish and Lombard kingdoms, most notably Luxeuil Abbey in present-day France and Bobbio Abbey in present-day Italy.
See Palaeography and Columbanus
Comma
The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages.
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.
See Palaeography and Constantinople
Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle)
The Constitution of the Athenians, also called the Athenian Constitution (Athēnaiōn Politeia), is a work by Aristotle or one of his students.
See Palaeography and Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle)
Corbie
Corbie (Korbei; Picard:Corbin) is a commune of the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Corbie Abbey
Corbie Abbey is a former Benedictine monastery in Corbie, Picardy, France, dedicated to Saint Peter.
See Palaeography and Corbie Abbey
Coronis (textual symbol)
A coronis (κορωνίς, korōnís, κορωνίδες, korōnídes) is a textual symbol found in ancient Greek papyri that was used to mark the end of an entire work or of a major section in poetic and prose texts.
See Palaeography and Coronis (textual symbol)
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions. Palaeography and Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
Court hand
Court hand (also common law hand, Anglicana, cursiva antiquior, and charter hand) was a style of handwriting used in medieval English law courts, and later by professionals such as lawyers and clerks. Palaeography and court hand are western calligraphy and writing.
See Palaeography and Court hand
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East.
See Palaeography and Cuneiform
Cursive
Cursive (also known as joined-up writing) is any style of penmanship in which characters are written joined in a flowing manner, generally for the purpose of making writing faster, in contrast to block letters. Palaeography and Cursive are western calligraphy and writing.
Dakshina Kosala
Dakshina Kosala (IAST: Dakṣiṇa Kosala, "southern Kosala") is a historical region of central India.
See Palaeography and Dakshina Kosala
Dalmatia
Dalmatia (Dalmacija; Dalmazia; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Central Croatia, Slavonia, and Istria, located on the east shore of the Adriatic Sea in Croatia.
Daniel Papebroch
Daniel Papebroch, S.J., (17 March 1628 – 28 June 1714) was a Flemish Jesuit hagiographer, one of the Bollandists.
See Palaeography and Daniel Papebroch
Darius the Great
Darius I (𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁; Δαρεῖος; – 486 BCE), commonly known as Darius the Great, was a Persian ruler who served as the third King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire, reigning from 522 BCE until his death in 486 BCE.
See Palaeography and Darius the Great
Dáibhí Ó Cróinín
Dáibhí Iarla Ó Cróinín (born 29 August 1954) is an Irish historian and authority on Hiberno-Latin texts, noted for his significant mid-1980s discovery in a manuscript in Padua of the "lost" Irish 84-year Easter table.
See Palaeography and Dáibhí Ó Cróinín
Devanagari
Devanagari (देवनागरी) is an Indic script used in the northern Indian subcontinent.
See Palaeography and Devanagari
Diocletian
Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Diokletianós; 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305.
See Palaeography and Diocletian
Diplomatics
Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents: especially, historical documents. Palaeography and diplomatics are textual criticism, textual scholarship and writing.
See Palaeography and Diplomatics
Ductus (linguistics)
In linguistics, ductus is the qualities and characteristics of speaking or writing instantiated in the act of speaking or the flow of writing the text. Palaeography and ductus (linguistics) are writing.
See Palaeography and Ductus (linguistics)
Dura, Hebron
Dura (دورا) is a Palestinian city located eleven kilometers southwest of Hebron, in the southern West Bank, in the Hebron Governorate of the State of Palestine.
See Palaeography and Dura, Hebron
Early modern period
The early modern period is a historical period that is part of the modern period based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity.
See Palaeography and Early modern period
Edicts of Ashoka
The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of more than thirty inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka, as well as boulders and cave walls, attributed to Emperor Ashoka of the Maurya Empire who ruled most of the Indian subcontinent from 268 BCE to 232 BCE.
See Palaeography and Edicts of Ashoka
Edward Maunde Thompson
Sir Edward Maunde Thompson (4 May 1840 – 14 September 1929) was a British palaeographer and Principal Librarian and first Director of the British Museum.
See Palaeography and Edward Maunde Thompson
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language.
See Palaeography and Egyptian hieroglyphs
Elephantine
Elephantine (جزيرة الفنتين; Ἐλεφαντίνη Elephantíne) is an island on the Nile, forming part of the city of Aswan in Upper Egypt.
See Palaeography and Elephantine
Elephantine papyri and ostraca
The Elephantine Papyri and Ostraca consist of thousands of documents from the Egyptian border fortresses of Elephantine and Aswan, which yielded hundreds of papyri and ostraca in hieratic and demotic Egyptian, Aramaic, Koine Greek, Latin and Coptic, spanning a period of 100 years in the 5th to 4th centuries BCE.
See Palaeography and Elephantine papyri and ostraca
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
See Palaeography and Encyclopædia Britannica
Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is a 29-volume reference work, an edition of the real Encyclopædia Britannica.
See Palaeography and Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
Epigraph (literature)
In literature, an epigraph is a phrase, quotation, or poem that is set at the beginning of a document, monograph or section or chapter thereof.
See Palaeography and Epigraph (literature)
Epigraphy
Epigraphy is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the writing and the writers. Palaeography and epigraphy are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Epigraphy
Epistulae ad Atticum
Epistulae ad Atticum (Latin for "Letters to Atticus") is a collection of letters from Roman politician and orator Marcus Tullius Cicero to his close friend Titus Pomponius Atticus.
See Palaeography and Epistulae ad Atticum
Exultet roll
An Exultet roll is a long and wide illuminated scroll containing the text and music of the Exultet, the liturgical chant for the Paschal vigil.
See Palaeography and Exultet roll
Facsimile
A facsimile (from Latin fac simile, "to make alike") is a copy or reproduction of an old book, manuscript, map, art print, or other item of historical value that is as true to the original source as possible.
See Palaeography and Facsimile
Flinders Petrie
Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie (–), commonly known as simply Sir Flinders Petrie, was a British Egyptologist and a pioneer of systematic methodology in archaeology and the preservation of artefacts.
See Palaeography and Flinders Petrie
Florence
Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.
Font
In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight and style of a typeface.
Forgery
Forgery is a white-collar crime that generally refers to the false making or material alteration of a legal instrument with the specific intent to defraud.
Fragmentology (manuscripts)
Fragmentology is the study of surviving fragments of manuscripts (mainly manuscripts from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance in the case of European manuscript cultures).
See Palaeography and Fragmentology (manuscripts)
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Gaul
Gaul (Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy.
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
Giovanni Boccaccio
Giovanni Boccaccio (16 June 1313 – 21 December 1375) was an Italian writer, poet, correspondent of Petrarch, and an important Renaissance humanist.
See Palaeography and Giovanni Boccaccio
Glossary of archaeology
This page is a glossary of archaeology, the study of the human past from material remains.
See Palaeography and Glossary of archaeology
Glyph
A glyph is any kind of purposeful mark.
Gothic alphabet
The Gothic alphabet is an alphabet used for writing the Gothic language. Palaeography and Gothic alphabet are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Gothic alphabet
Gothic architecture
Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas.
See Palaeography and Gothic architecture
Gothic War (535–554)
The Gothic War between the Byzantine Empire during the reign of Emperor Justinian I and the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy took place from 535 to 554 in the Italian Peninsula, Dalmatia, Sardinia, Sicily, and Corsica.
See Palaeography and Gothic War (535–554)
Graffiti
Graffiti (plural; singular graffiti or graffito, the latter rarely used except in archeology) is writing or drawings made on a wall or other surface, usually without permission and within public view. Palaeography and graffiti are writing.
Grantha script
The Grantha script (Granta eḻuttu; granthalipi) was a classical South Indian Brahmic script, found particularly in Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
See Palaeography and Grantha script
Grapheme
In linguistics, a grapheme is the smallest functional unit of a writing system.
Greek alphabet
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC.
See Palaeography and Greek alphabet
Greek diacritics
Greek orthography has used a variety of diacritics starting in the Hellenistic period.
See Palaeography and Greek diacritics
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Palaeography and Greek language
Greek minuscule
Greek minuscule was a Greek writing style which was developed as a book hand in Byzantine manuscripts during the 9th and 10th centuries. Palaeography and Greek minuscule are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Greek minuscule
Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire on the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century CE to mid 6th century CE.
See Palaeography and Gupta Empire
Gupta script
The Gupta script (sometimes referred to as Gupta Brahmi script or Late Brahmi script)Sharma, Ram.
See Palaeography and Gupta script
Halmidi inscription
The Halmidi inscription is the oldest known Kannada-language inscription in the Kadamba script.
See Palaeography and Halmidi inscription
Handwriting
Handwriting is the personal and unique style of writing with a writing instrument, such as a pen or pencil in the hand.
See Palaeography and Handwriting
Handwriting script
A script or handwriting script is a formal, generic style of handwriting (as opposed to personal handwriting), within a writing system. Palaeography and handwriting script are western calligraphy and writing.
See Palaeography and Handwriting script
Hebrew alphabet
The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי), known variously by scholars as the Ktav Ashuri, Jewish script, square script and block script, is traditionally an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language and other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, Judeo-Arabic, and Judeo-Persian.
See Palaeography and Hebrew alphabet
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
See Palaeography and Hebrew language
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Palaeography and Hellenistic period
Herculaneum
Herculaneum was an ancient Roman town, located in the modern-day comune of Ercolano, Campania, Italy.
See Palaeography and Herculaneum
Herculaneum papyri
The Herculaneum papyri are more than 1,800 papyrus scrolls discovered in the 18th century in the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum. Palaeography and Herculaneum papyri are papyrology.
See Palaeography and Herculaneum papyri
Historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it.
See Palaeography and Historian
Historical document
Historical documents are original documents that contain important historical information about a person, place, or event and can thus serve as primary sources as important ingredients of the historical methodology.
See Palaeography and Historical document
History of architecture
The history of architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates.
See Palaeography and History of architecture
History of Rome
The history of Rome includes the history of the city of Rome as well as the civilisation of ancient Rome.
See Palaeography and History of Rome
History of writing
The history of writing traces the development of writing systems and how their use transformed and was transformed by different societies. Palaeography and history of writing are writing.
See Palaeography and History of writing
House of Medici
The House of Medici was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first consolidated power in the Republic of Florence under Cosimo de' Medici during the first half of the 15th century.
See Palaeography and House of Medici
Humanism
Humanism is a philosophical stance that emphasizes the individual and social potential, and agency of human beings, whom it considers the starting point for serious moral and philosophical inquiry.
Idris Bell
Sir Harold Idris Bell (2 October 1879 – 22 January 1967) was a British museum curator, papyrologist (specialising in Roman Egypt) and scholar of Welsh literature.
See Palaeography and Idris Bell
Imperial Aramaic
Imperial Aramaic is a linguistic term, coined by modern scholars in order to designate a specific historical variety of Aramaic language.
See Palaeography and Imperial Aramaic
Insular script
Insular script is a medieval script system originating from Ireland that spread to England and continental Europe under the influence of Irish Christianity. Palaeography and Insular script are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Insular script
Interpolation
In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, interpolation is a type of estimation, a method of constructing (finding) new data points based on the range of a discrete set of known data points.
See Palaeography and Interpolation
Ireland
Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in north-western Europe.
Isogloss
An isogloss, also called a heterogloss, is the geographic boundary of a certain linguistic feature, such as the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or the use of some morphological or syntactic feature.
Italic script
Italic script, also known as chancery cursive and Italic hand, is a semi-cursive, slightly sloped style of handwriting and calligraphy that was developed during the Renaissance in Italy. Palaeography and Italic script are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Italic script
Italic type
In typography, italic type is a cursive font based on a stylised form of calligraphic handwriting.
See Palaeography and Italic type
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.
Jean Mabillon
Dom Jean Mabillon, O.S.B., (23 November 1632 – 27 December 1707) was a French Benedictine monk and scholar of the Congregation of Saint Maur.
See Palaeography and Jean Mabillon
Jean Mallon
Jean Mallon (20 June 1904, in Le Havre – 16 November 1982) was a French palaeographer, specialist of Latin palaeography.
See Palaeography and Jean Mallon
Jewish military history
Jewish military history focuses on the military aspect of history of the Jewish people from ancient times until the modern age.
See Palaeography and Jewish military history
Kadamba dynasty
The Kadambas were an ancient royal family from modern Karnataka, India, that ruled northern Karnataka and the Konkan from Banavasi in present-day Uttara Kannada district in India.
See Palaeography and Kadamba dynasty
Kannada
Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ), formerly also known as Canarese, is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by the people of Karnataka in southwestern India, with minorities in all neighbouring states.
Kannada script
The Kannada script (IAST: Kannaḍa lipi; obsolete: Kanarese or Canarese script in English) is an abugida of the Brahmic family, used to write Kannada, one of the Dravidian languages of South India especially in the state of Karnataka.
See Palaeography and Kannada script
Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko
Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko (27 January 1842 - 13 January 1903, Göttingen) was a German librarian and scholar, born in Neustadt, Silesia.
See Palaeography and Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko
Karl Wessely
Karl Wessely (Carl Wessely; 27 June 1860, Vienna – 21 November 1931) was an Austrian palaeographer and papyrus scholar.
See Palaeography and Karl Wessely
Karnataka
Karnataka (ISO), also known colloquially as Karunāḍu, is a state in the southwestern region of India.
See Palaeography and Karnataka
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.
Kerala
Kerala (/), called Keralam in Malayalam, is a state on the Malabar Coast of India.
Kharosthi
The Kharoṣṭhī script, also known as the Gāndhārī script, was an ancient Indic script used by various peoples from the north-western outskirts of the Indian subcontinent (present-day Pakistan) to Central Asia via Afghanistan.
See Palaeography and Kharosthi
Koleluttu
Kolezhuthu (translit-std), was a syllabic alphabet of Kerala used for writing Malayalam language.
See Palaeography and Koleluttu
Kurrent
Kurrent is an old form of German-language handwriting based on late medieval cursive writing, also known as Kurrentschrift ("cursive script"), deutsche Schrift ("German script"), and German cursive. Palaeography and Kurrent are western calligraphy.
Kushan Empire
The Kushan Empire (– AD) was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century.
See Palaeography and Kushan Empire
Late Middle Ages
The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500.
See Palaeography and Late Middle Ages
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
See Palaeography and Latin alphabet
Latin script
The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia. Palaeography and Latin script are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Latin script
Léopold Victor Delisle
Léopold Victor Delisle (24 October 1826, Valognes (Manche) – 21 July 1910, Chantilly, Oise) was a French bibliophile and historian.
See Palaeography and Léopold Victor Delisle
Letter case
Letter case is the distinction between the letters that are in larger uppercase or capitals (or more formally majuscule) and smaller lowercase (or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages.
See Palaeography and Letter case
Letterform
A letterform, letter-form or letter form, is a term used especially in typography, palaeography, calligraphy and epigraphy to mean a letter's shape.
See Palaeography and Letterform
Library
A library is a collection of books, and possibly other materials and media, that is accessible for use by its members and members of allied institutions.
Library of Alexandria
The Great Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world.
See Palaeography and Library of Alexandria
Ligature (writing)
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined to form a single glyph.
See Palaeography and Ligature (writing)
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
See Palaeography and Lingua franca
Linguistic typology
Linguistic typology (or language typology) is a field of linguistics that studies and classifies languages according to their structural features to allow their comparison.
See Palaeography and Linguistic typology
List of New Testament papyri
A New Testament papyrus is a copy of a portion of the New Testament made on papyrus.
See Palaeography and List of New Testament papyri
List of New Testament uncials
A New Testament uncial is a section of the New Testament in Greek or Latin majuscule letters, written on parchment or vellum.
See Palaeography and List of New Testament uncials
Lombardic capitals
Lombardic capitals is the name given to a type of decorative uppercase letter used in inscriptions and, typically, at the start of a section of text in medieval manuscripts. Palaeography and Lombardic capitals are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Lombardic capitals
Lombardic language
Lombardic or Langobardic (Langobardisch) is an extinct West Germanic language that was spoken by the Lombards (Langobardi), the Germanic people who settled in Italy in the sixth century.
See Palaeography and Lombardic language
Lombards
The Lombards or Longobards (Longobardi) were a Germanic people who conquered most of the Italian Peninsula between 568 and 774.
Lombardy
Lombardy (Lombardia; Lombardia) is an administrative region of Italy that covers; it is located in northern Italy and has a population of about 10 million people, constituting more than one-sixth of Italy's population.
Ludwig Traube (palaeographer)
Ludwig Traube (June 19, 1861 – May 19, 1907) was a German paleographer and held the first chair of Medieval Latin in Germany while at the University of Munich.
See Palaeography and Ludwig Traube (palaeographer)
Luxeuil Abbey
Luxeuil Abbey, the Abbaye Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paul, was one of the oldest and best-known monasteries in Franche-Comté, located in what is now the département of Haute-Saône in Franche-Comté, France.
See Palaeography and Luxeuil Abbey
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh (meaning 'central province') is a state in central India.
See Palaeography and Madhya Pradesh
Malayalam
Malayalam is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people.
See Palaeography and Malayalam
Malayalam script
Malayalam script (/ മലയാള ലിപി) is a Brahmic script used commonly to write Malayalam, which is the principal language of Kerala, India, spoken by 45 million people in the world.
See Palaeography and Malayalam script
Manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. Palaeography and manuscript are textual criticism and textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Manuscript
Mater lectionis
A mater lectionis (mother of reading, matres lectionis; original ʾēm qərîʾāh) is any consonant that is used to indicate a vowel, primarily in the writing of Semitic languages such as Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac.
See Palaeography and Mater lectionis
Maurya Empire
The Maurya Empire (Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑁂, Māgadhe) was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha (present day Bihar).
See Palaeography and Maurya Empire
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Palaeography and Mediterranean Sea
Merovingian script
Merovingian script or Gallo-Roman script (Scriptura Merovingica/Francogallica) was a medieval variant of the Latin script so called because it was developed in Gaul during the Merovingian dynasty. Palaeography and Merovingian script are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Merovingian script
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
See Palaeography and Mesopotamia
Metz
Metz (Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then Mettis) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers.
Micropædia
The 12-volume Micropædia is one of the three parts of the 15th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica, the other two being the one-volume Propædia and the 17-volume Macropædia.
See Palaeography and Micropædia
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
See Palaeography and Middle Ages
Monastery of Stoudios
The Monastery of Stoudios, more fully Monastery of Saint John the Forerunner "at Stoudios" (Monē tou Hagiou Iōannē tou Prodromou en tois Stoudiou), often shortened to Stoudios, Studion or Stoudion (Studium), was a Greek Orthodox monastery in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), the capital of the Byzantine Empire.
See Palaeography and Monastery of Stoudios
Monograph
A monograph is a specialist written work (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on one subject or one aspect of a usually scholarly subject, often by a single author or artist.
See Palaeography and Monograph
Monte Cassino
Monte Cassino (today usually spelled Montecassino) is a rocky hill about southeast of Rome, in the Latin Valley, Italy, west of Cassino and at an elevation of.
See Palaeography and Monte Cassino
Moors
The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim populations of the Maghreb, al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages.
Morphology (linguistics)
In linguistics, morphology is the study of words, including the principles by which they are formed, and how they relate to one another within a language.
See Palaeography and Morphology (linguistics)
Munshiram Manoharlal
Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.
See Palaeography and Munshiram Manoharlal
Nabataean script
The Nabataean script is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) that was used to write Nabataean Aramaic and Nabataean Arabic from the second century BC onwards.
See Palaeography and Nabataean script
Nandinagari
Nandināgarī is a Brahmic script derived from the Nāgarī script which appeared in the 7th century AD.
See Palaeography and Nandinagari
Nāgarī script
The Nāgarī script or Northern Nagari is the ancestor of Devanagari, Nandinagari and other variants, and was first used to write Prakrit and Sanskrit.
See Palaeography and Nāgarī script
Near East
The Near East is a transcontinental region around the East Mediterranean encompassing parts of West Asia, the Balkans, and North Africa, specifically the historical Fertile Crescent, the Levant, Anatolia, East Thrace, and Egypt.
See Palaeography and Near East
Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history.
See Palaeography and Neo-Assyrian Empire
New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.
See Palaeography and New Testament
Niccolò de' Niccoli
Niccolò de' Niccoli (1364 – 22 January 1437) was an Italian Renaissance humanist.
See Palaeography and Niccolò de' Niccoli
Notary
A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents.
Notary public
A notary public (notary or public notary; notaries public) of the common law is a public officer constituted by law to serve the public in non-contentious matters usually concerned with general financial transactions, estates, deeds, powers-of-attorney, and foreign and international business.
See Palaeography and Notary public
Numismatics
Numismatics is the study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, medals and related objects.
See Palaeography and Numismatics
Odisha
Odisha (English), formerly Orissa (the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India.
Odyssey
The Odyssey (Odýsseia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.
Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
See Palaeography and Old English
Old Italic scripts
The Old Italic scripts are a family of ancient writing systems used in the Italian Peninsula between about 700 and 100 BC, for various languages spoken in that time and place.
See Palaeography and Old Italic scripts
Orthography
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word boundaries, emphasis, and punctuation.
See Palaeography and Orthography
Oxford
Oxford is a city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Palaeography and Oxford University Press
Oxyrhynchus Papyri
The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by papyrologists Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt (modern el-Bahnasa).
See Palaeography and Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Palatine
A palatine or palatinus (Latin;: palatini; cf. derivative spellings below) is a high-level official attached to imperial or royal courts in Europe since Roman times.
Palestine (region)
The region of Palestine, also known as Historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia.
See Palaeography and Palestine (region)
Pali
Pāli, also known as Pali-Magadhi, is a Middle Indo-Aryan liturgical language on the Indian subcontinent.
Pallava dynasty
The Pallava dynasty existed from 275 CE to 897 CE, ruling a significant portion of the Deccan, also known as Tondaimandalam.
See Palaeography and Pallava dynasty
Palmyrene Aramaic
Palmyrene Aramaic was a primarily Western Aramaic dialect, exhibiting Eastern Aramaic grammatical features and hence often regarded as a dialect continuum between the Eastern and Western Aramaic branches.
See Palaeography and Palmyrene Aramaic
Pandya dynasty
The Pandyan dynasty, also referred to as the Pandyas of Madurai, was an ancient Tamil dynasty of South India, and among the four great kingdoms of Tamilakam, the other three being the Pallavas, the Cholas and the Cheras.
See Palaeography and Pandya dynasty
Papal bull
A papal bull is a type of public decree, letters patent, or charter issued by a pope of the Catholic Church.
See Palaeography and Papal bull
Papyrology
Papyrology is the study of manuscripts of ancient literature, correspondence, legal archives, etc., preserved on portable media from antiquity, the most common form of which is papyrus, the principal writing material in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome. Palaeography and Papyrology are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Papyrology
Papyrus
Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. Palaeography and Papyrus are papyrology and textual scholarship.
Paragraphos
A paragraphos (παράγραφος,, from, 'beside', and, 'to write') was a mark in ancient Greek punctuation, marking a division in a text (as between speakers in a dialogue or drama) or drawing the reader's attention to another division mark, such as the two dot punctuation mark (used as an obelism). Palaeography and paragraphos are writing.
See Palaeography and Paragraphos
Parchment
Parchment is a writing material made from specially prepared untanned skins of animals—primarily sheep, calves, and goats. Palaeography and Parchment are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Parchment
Parthia
Parthia (𐎱𐎼𐎰𐎺 Parθava; 𐭐𐭓𐭕𐭅Parθaw; 𐭯𐭫𐭮𐭥𐭡𐭥 Pahlaw) is a historical region located in northeastern Greater Iran.
Patriarch of Alexandria
The Patriarch of Alexandria is the archbishop of Alexandria, Egypt.
See Palaeography and Patriarch of Alexandria
Penmanship
Penmanship is the technique of writing with the hand using a writing instrument. Palaeography and Penmanship are writing.
See Palaeography and Penmanship
Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.
See Palaeography and Persian language
Petrarch
Francis Petrarch (20 July 1304 – 19 July 1374; Franciscus Petrarcha; modern Francesco Petrarca), born Francesco di Petracco, was a scholar from Arezzo and poet of the early Italian Renaissance and one of the earliest humanists.
Phaedo
Phædo or Phaedo (Φαίδων, Phaidōn), also known to ancient readers as On The Soul, is one of the best-known dialogues of Plato's middle period, along with the Republic and the Symposium. The philosophical subject of the dialogue is the immortality of the soul.
Philology
Philology is the study of language in oral and written historical sources. Palaeography and Philology are textual scholarship and writing.
See Palaeography and Philology
Phoenician alphabet
The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) used across the Mediterranean civilization of Phoenicia for most of the 1st millennium BC.
See Palaeography and Phoenician alphabet
Plato
Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
Poggio Bracciolini
Gian Francesco Poggio Bracciolini (11 February 1380 – 30 October 1459), usually referred to simply as Poggio Bracciolini, was an Italian scholar and an early Renaissance humanist.
See Palaeography and Poggio Bracciolini
Pompeii
Pompeii was an ancient city in what is now the comune (municipality) of Pompei, near Naples, in the Campania region of Italy.
Pontifical Gregorian University
The Pontifical Gregorian University (Pontificia Università Gregoriana; also known as the Gregorian or Gregoriana), is a higher education ecclesiastical school (pontifical university) located in Rome, Italy.
See Palaeography and Pontifical Gregorian University
Pope
The pope (papa, from lit) is the bishop of Rome and the visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church.
Pope Gregory I
Pope Gregory I (Gregorius I; – 12 March 604), commonly known as Saint Gregory the Great, was the 64th Bishop of Rome from 3 September 590 to his death.
See Palaeography and Pope Gregory I
Pope Honorius II
Pope Honorius II (9 February 1060 – 13 February 1130), born Lamberto Scannabecchi,Levillain, pg.
See Palaeography and Pope Honorius II
Prakrit
Prakrit is a group of vernacular Middle Indo-Aryan languages that were used in the Indian subcontinent from around the 3rd century BCE to the 8th century CE.
Pronunciation
Pronunciation is the way in which a word or a language is spoken.
See Palaeography and Pronunciation
Provenance
Provenance is the chronology of the ownership, custody or location of a historical object.
See Palaeography and Provenance
Proxemics
Proxemics is the study of human use of space and the effects that population density has on behavior, communication, and social interaction.
See Palaeography and Proxemics
Ptolemy II Philadelphus
Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Ptolemaîos Philádelphos, "Ptolemy, sibling-lover"; 309 – 28 January 246 BC) was the pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 284 to 246 BC.
See Palaeography and Ptolemy II Philadelphus
Publishing
Publishing is the activity of making information, literature, music, software, and other content available to the public for sale or for free.
See Palaeography and Publishing
Punctuation
Punctuation marks are marks indicating how a piece of written text should be read (silently or aloud) and, consequently, understood.
See Palaeography and Punctuation
Punjab
Punjab (also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb), also known as the Land of the Five Rivers, is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is specifically located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern-Pakistan and northwestern-India.
Ravenna
Ravenna (also; Ravèna, Ravêna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy.
Recension
Recension is the practice of editing or revising a text based on critical analysis. Palaeography and Recension are textual criticism and textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Recension
Reims
Reims (also spelled Rheims in English) is the most populous city in the French department of Marne, and the 12th most populous city in France.
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
See Palaeography and Renaissance
Renaissance humanism
Renaissance humanism was a worldview centered on the nature and importance of humanity that emerged from the study of Classical antiquity.
See Palaeography and Renaissance humanism
Roșia Montană
Roșia Montană ("Roșia of the Mountains"; Alburnus Maior; Verespatak,; Goldbach, Rotseifen) is a commune of Alba County in the Apuseni Mountains of western Transylvania, Romania.
See Palaeography and Roșia Montană
Roman Curia
The Roman Curia (Romana Curia) comprises the administrative institutions of the Holy See and the central body through which the affairs of the Roman Catholic Church are conducted.
See Palaeography and Roman Curia
Roman cursive
Roman cursive (or Latin cursive) is a form of handwriting (or a script) used in ancient Rome and to some extent into the Middle Ages. Palaeography and Roman cursive are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Roman cursive
Roman square capitals
Roman square capitals, also called capitalis monumentalis, inscriptional capitals, elegant capitals and capitalis quadrata, are an ancient Roman form of writing, and the basis for modern capital letters.
See Palaeography and Roman square capitals
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.
See Palaeography and Romanesque architecture
Rome
Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.
Ronde script
('round' in French) is a kind of script in which the heavy strokes are nearly upright, giving the characters when taken together a round look. Palaeography and Ronde script are western calligraphy and writing.
See Palaeography and Ronde script
Rotunda (script)
The Rotunda is a specific medieval blackletter script. Palaeography and Rotunda (script) are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Rotunda (script)
Round hand
Round hand (also roundhand) is a type of handwriting and calligraphy originating in England in the 1660s primarily by the writing masters John Ayres and William Banson. Palaeography and round hand are western calligraphy and writing.
See Palaeography and Round hand
Rustic capitals
Rustic capitals (littera capitalis rustica) is an ancient Roman calligraphic script. Palaeography and rustic capitals are papyrology, western calligraphy and writing.
See Palaeography and Rustic capitals
Saint Gall
Gall (Gallus; 550 645) according to hagiographic tradition was a disciple and one of the traditional twelve companions of Columbanus on his mission from Ireland to the continent.
See Palaeography and Saint Gall
Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis
Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France.
See Palaeography and Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis
Saka
The Saka were a group of nomadic Eastern Iranian peoples who historically inhabited the northern and eastern Eurasian Steppe and the Tarim Basin.
Salankayana dynasty
The Salankayana (IAST: Śālaṇkāyana) dynasty of ancient India ruled a part of Andhra region in India from 300 to 440 CE.
See Palaeography and Salankayana dynasty
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.
Sütterlin
Sütterlinschrift ("Sütterlin script") is the last widely used form of Kurrent, the historical form of German handwriting that evolved alongside German blackletter (most notably Fraktur) typefaces. Palaeography and Sütterlin are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Sütterlin
Scribal abbreviation
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. Palaeography and Scribal abbreviation are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Scribal abbreviation
Scribe
A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing. Palaeography and scribe are textual scholarship.
Scriptorium
A scriptorium was a writing room in medieval European monasteries for the copying and illuminating of manuscripts by scribes. Palaeography and scriptorium are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Scriptorium
Secretary hand
Secretary hand or script is a style of European handwriting developed in the early sixteenth century that remained common in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries for writing English, German, Welsh and Gaelic. Palaeography and Secretary hand are western calligraphy and writing.
See Palaeography and Secretary hand
Semi-cursive script
Semi-cursive script, also known as running script, is a style of Chinese calligraphy that emerged during the Han dynasty (202 BC220 AD).
See Palaeography and Semi-cursive script
Semiotics
Semiotics is the systematic study of sign processes and the communication of meaning.
See Palaeography and Semiotics
Sharabhapuriya dynasty
The Sharabhapuriya (IAST: Śarabhapurīya) dynasty ruled parts of present-day Chhattisgarh and Odisha in India, during 5th and 6th centuries.
See Palaeography and Sharabhapuriya dynasty
Sharada script
The Śāradā, Sarada or Sharada script is an abugida writing system of the Brahmic family of scripts.
See Palaeography and Sharada script
Sign system
A sign system is a key concept in semiotics and is used to refer to any system of signs and relations between signs.
See Palaeography and Sign system
Society for Classical Studies
The Society for Classical Studies (SCS), formerly known as the American Philological Association (APA), is a non-profit North American scholarly organization devoted to all aspects of Greek and Roman civilization founded in 1869.
See Palaeography and Society for Classical Studies
Solar dynasty
The Solar dynasty or (सूर्यवंश), also called the Ikshvaku dynasty is a legendary Indian dynasty said to have been founded by Ikshvaku.
See Palaeography and Solar dynasty
South India
South India, also known as Southern India or Peninsular India, is the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula in India encompassing the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area and 20% of India's population.
See Palaeography and South India
Spain
Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa.
Story of Ahikar
The Story of Aḥiqar, also known as the Words of Aḥiqar, is a story first attested in Imperial Aramaic from the fifth century BCE on papyri from Elephantine, Egypt, that circulated widely in the Middle and the Near East.
See Palaeography and Story of Ahikar
Style (sociolinguistics)
In sociolinguistics, a style is a set of linguistic variants with specific social meanings.
See Palaeography and Style (sociolinguistics)
Stylometry
Stylometry is the application of the study of linguistic style, usually to written language.
See Palaeography and Stylometry
Syntagmatic analysis
In semiotics, syntagmatic analysis is analysis of syntax or surface structure (syntagmatic structure) as opposed to paradigms (paradigmatic analysis).
See Palaeography and Syntagmatic analysis
Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences.
Syracuse University Press
Syracuse University Press, founded in 1943, is a university press that is part of Syracuse University.
See Palaeography and Syracuse University Press
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
Syriac alphabet
The Syriac alphabet (ܐܠܦ ܒܝܬ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ) is a writing system primarily used to write the Syriac language since the 1st century AD.
See Palaeography and Syriac alphabet
Syro-Hittite states
The states called Neo-Hittite, Syro-Hittite (in older literature), or Luwian-Aramean (in modern scholarly works) were Luwian and Aramean regional polities of the Iron Age, situated in southeastern parts of modern Turkey and northwestern parts of modern Syria, known in ancient times as lands of Hatti and Aram.
See Palaeography and Syro-Hittite states
Tamil language
Tamil (தமிழ்) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia.
See Palaeography and Tamil language
Tamil script
The Tamil script (தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி) is an abugida script that is used by Tamils and Tamil speakers in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and elsewhere to write the Tamil language.
See Palaeography and Tamil script
Telugu language
Telugu (తెలుగు|) is a Dravidian language native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, where it is also the official language.
See Palaeography and Telugu language
Telugu people
Telugu people (తెలుగువారు|Teluguvāru), also called Andhras, are an ethno-linguistic group who speak the Telugu language and are native to the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Yanam district of Puducherry.
See Palaeography and Telugu people
Telugu script
Telugu script (Telugu lipi), an abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts, is used to write the Telugu language, a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana as well as several other neighbouring states.
See Palaeography and Telugu script
Telugu-Kannada alphabet
The Telugu–Kannada script (or Kannada–Telugu script) was a writing system used in Southern India.
See Palaeography and Telugu-Kannada alphabet
Terence
Publius Terentius Afer (–), better known in English as Terence, was a playwright during the Roman Republic.
Textual criticism
Textual criticism is a branch of textual scholarship, philology, and literary criticism that is concerned with the identification of textual variants, or different versions, of either manuscripts (mss) or of printed books. Palaeography and textual criticism are papyrology and textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Textual criticism
Textual scholarship
Textual scholarship (or textual studies) is an umbrella term for disciplines that deal with describing, transcribing, editing or annotating texts and physical documents.
See Palaeography and Textual scholarship
The National Archives (United Kingdom)
The National Archives (TNA; Yr Archifau Cenedlaethol) is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
See Palaeography and The National Archives (United Kingdom)
Theodor Mommsen
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician and archaeologist. Palaeography and Theodor Mommsen are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Theodor Mommsen
Timotheus of Miletus
Timotheus of Miletus (Τιμόθεος ὁ Μιλήσιος; c. 446 – 357 BC) was a Greek musician and dithyrambic poet, an exponent of the "new music." He added one or more strings to the lyre, whereby he incurred the displeasure of the Spartans and Athenians (E.
See Palaeography and Timotheus of Miletus
Tours
Tours (meaning Towers) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France.
Tract (literature)
A tract is a literary work and, in current usage, usually religious in nature.
See Palaeography and Tract (literature)
Transylvania
Transylvania (Transilvania or Ardeal; Erdély; Siebenbürgen or Transsilvanien, historically Überwald, also Siweberjen in the Transylvanian Saxon dialect) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania.
See Palaeography and Transylvania
Typeface
A typeface (or font family) is a design of letters, numbers and other symbols, to be used in printing or for electronic display.
Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
Enno Friedrich Wichard Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff (22 December 1848 – 25 September 1931) was a German classical philologist. Palaeography and Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff are textual scholarship.
See Palaeography and Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff
Uncial script
Uncial is a majusculeGlaister, Geoffrey Ashall. Palaeography and Uncial script are papyrology, western calligraphy and writing.
See Palaeography and Uncial script
University College London
University College London (branded as UCL) is a public research university in London, England.
See Palaeography and University College London
Vakataka dynasty
The Vakataka dynasty was an ancient Indian dynasty that originated from the Deccan in the mid-3rd century CE.
See Palaeography and Vakataka dynasty
Vatteluttu
Vatteluttu (வட்டெழுத்து, and വട്ടെഴുത്ത്) was an alphasyllabic writing system of south India (Tamil Nadu and Kerala) and Sri Lanka used for writing the Tamil and Malayalam languages.
See Palaeography and Vatteluttu
Vellum
Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material.
Veneto
Veneto or the Venetia is one of the 20 regions of Italy, located in the north-east of the country.
Verona
Verona (Verona or Veròna) is a city on the River Adige in Veneto, Italy, with 258,031 inhabitants.
Vespasiano da Bisticci
Vespasiano da Bisticci (1421 – 1498) was an Italian humanist and librarian of the early Renaissance period.
See Palaeography and Vespasiano da Bisticci
Victor Gardthausen
Victor Emil Gardthausen (26 August 1843 – 27 December 1925) was a German ancient historian, palaeographer, librarian, and Professor from Leipzig University.
See Palaeography and Victor Gardthausen
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (traditional dates 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period.
Visigothic script
Visigothic script was a type of medieval script that originated in the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania (the Iberian Peninsula). Palaeography and Visigothic script are western calligraphy.
See Palaeography and Visigothic script
Vocabulary
A vocabulary (also known as a lexicon) is a set of words, typically the set in a language or the set known to an individual.
See Palaeography and Vocabulary
Western Satraps
The Western Satraps, or Western Kshatrapas (Brahmi:, Mahakṣatrapa, "Great Satraps") were Indo-Scythian (Saka) rulers of the western and central parts of India (extending from Saurashtra in the south and Malwa in the east, covering modern-day Sindh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states), between 35 and 415 CE.
See Palaeography and Western Satraps
Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden is the capital of the German state of Hesse, and the second-largest Hessian city after Frankfurt am Main.
See Palaeography and Wiesbaden
Wilhelm Wattenbach
Wilhelm Wattenbach (22 September 181920 September 1897), was a German historian.
See Palaeography and Wilhelm Wattenbach
William Schniedewind
William M. Schniedewind (born 1962, New York City) holds the Kershaw Chair of Ancient Eastern Mediterranean Studies and is a Professor of Biblical Studies and Northwest Semitic Languages at the University of California, Los Angeles.
See Palaeography and William Schniedewind
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
See Palaeography and World War II
Writing material
A writing material is a surface that can be written on with suitable instruments, or used for symbolic or representational drawings. Palaeography and writing material are textual scholarship and writing.
See Palaeography and Writing material
Writing system
A writing system comprises a particular set of symbols, called a script, as well as the rules by which the script represents a particular language. Palaeography and writing system are writing.
See Palaeography and Writing system
Yajna Sri Satakarni
Yajna Sri Satakarni, also known as Gautamiputra Yajna Sri, was an Indian ruler of the Satavahana dynasty.
See Palaeography and Yajna Sri Satakarni
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia.
See also
Papyrology
- American Society of Papyrologists
- American Studies in Papyrology
- Camillo Paderni
- Derveni papyrus
- Dryton and Apollonia archive
- Herculaneum papyri
- International Society for Arabic Papyrology
- Leipziger Weltchronik
- Lille Stesichorus
- List of papyri from ancient Egypt
- Loss of books in late antiquity
- Maas's law
- Memphite Formula
- Mythographus Homericus
- On Floating Bodies
- Ostracon
- Oxyrhynchus
- PHerc. Paris. 4
- Palaeography
- Papyrology
- Papyrus
- Petra papyri
- Princeton Papyri
- Reclamans
- Rustic capitals
- Textual criticism
- Uncial script
- University of Michigan Papyrology Collection
- Watercolor paper
- Will of Naunakhte
- Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
References
Also known as Palaeographer, Palaeographic, Palaeographical, Palaeographically, Paleograhical, Paleographer, Paleographic, Paleographical, Paleographically, Paleography.
, Bible, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Blackletter, Bobbio Abbey, Book, Book hand, Brahmi script, British Museum, Buddhism, Byzantine text-type, Calligraphy, Cambridge University Press, Capitulary, Carolingian minuscule, Catholic Encyclopedia, Chalukya dynasty, Chancery hand, Charlemagne, Chera dynasty, Chola Empire, Christendom, Christian literature, Cicero, Cluny Abbey, Codex, Codex Alexandrinus, Codex Marchalianus, Codex Sinaiticus, Codex Vaticanus, Codicology, Coluccio Salutati, Columbanus, Comma, Constantinople, Constitution of the Athenians (Aristotle), Corbie, Corbie Abbey, Coronis (textual symbol), Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Court hand, Cuneiform, Cursive, Dakshina Kosala, Dalmatia, Daniel Papebroch, Darius the Great, Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, Devanagari, Diocletian, Diplomatics, Ductus (linguistics), Dura, Hebron, Early modern period, Edicts of Ashoka, Edward Maunde Thompson, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Elephantine, Elephantine papyri and ostraca, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, England, Epigraph (literature), Epigraphy, Epistulae ad Atticum, Exultet roll, Facsimile, Flinders Petrie, Florence, Font, Forgery, Fragmentology (manuscripts), France, Gaul, Germany, Giovanni Boccaccio, Glossary of archaeology, Glyph, Gothic alphabet, Gothic architecture, Gothic War (535–554), Graffiti, Grantha script, Grapheme, Greek alphabet, Greek diacritics, Greek language, Greek minuscule, Gupta Empire, Gupta script, Halmidi inscription, Handwriting, Handwriting script, Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew language, Hellenistic period, Herculaneum, Herculaneum papyri, Historian, Historical document, History of architecture, History of Rome, History of writing, House of Medici, Humanism, Idris Bell, Imperial Aramaic, Insular script, Interpolation, Ireland, Isogloss, Italic script, Italic type, Italy, Jean Mabillon, Jean Mallon, Jewish military history, Kadamba dynasty, Kannada, Kannada script, Karl Franz Otto Dziatzko, Karl Wessely, Karnataka, Kashmir, Kerala, Kharosthi, Koleluttu, Kurrent, Kushan Empire, Late Middle Ages, Latin alphabet, Latin script, Léopold Victor Delisle, Letter case, Letterform, Library, Library of Alexandria, Ligature (writing), Lingua franca, Linguistic typology, List of New Testament papyri, List of New Testament uncials, Lombardic capitals, Lombardic language, Lombards, Lombardy, Ludwig Traube (palaeographer), Luxeuil Abbey, Madhya Pradesh, Malayalam, Malayalam script, Manuscript, Mater lectionis, Maurya Empire, Mediterranean Sea, Merovingian script, Mesopotamia, Metz, Micropædia, Middle Ages, Monastery of Stoudios, Monograph, Monte Cassino, Moors, Morphology (linguistics), Munshiram Manoharlal, Nabataean script, Nandinagari, Nāgarī script, Near East, Neo-Assyrian Empire, New Testament, Niccolò de' Niccoli, Notary, Notary public, Numismatics, Odisha, Odyssey, Old English, Old Italic scripts, Orthography, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Palatine, Palestine (region), Pali, Pallava dynasty, Palmyrene Aramaic, Pandya dynasty, Papal bull, Papyrology, Papyrus, Paragraphos, Parchment, Parthia, Patriarch of Alexandria, Penmanship, Persian language, Petrarch, Phaedo, Philology, Phoenician alphabet, Plato, Poggio Bracciolini, Pompeii, Pontifical Gregorian University, Pope, Pope Gregory I, Pope Honorius II, Prakrit, Pronunciation, Provenance, Proxemics, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, Publishing, Punctuation, Punjab, Ravenna, Recension, Reims, Renaissance, Renaissance humanism, Roșia Montană, Roman Curia, Roman cursive, Roman square capitals, Romanesque architecture, Rome, Ronde script, Rotunda (script), Round hand, Rustic capitals, Saint Gall, Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis, Saka, Salankayana dynasty, Sanskrit, Sütterlin, Scribal abbreviation, Scribe, Scriptorium, Secretary hand, Semi-cursive script, Semiotics, Sharabhapuriya dynasty, Sharada script, Sign system, Society for Classical Studies, Solar dynasty, South India, Spain, Story of Ahikar, Style (sociolinguistics), Stylometry, Syntagmatic analysis, Syntax, Syracuse University Press, Syria, Syriac alphabet, Syro-Hittite states, Tamil language, Tamil script, Telugu language, Telugu people, Telugu script, Telugu-Kannada alphabet, Terence, Textual criticism, Textual scholarship, The National Archives (United Kingdom), Theodor Mommsen, Timotheus of Miletus, Tours, Tract (literature), Transylvania, Typeface, Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Uncial script, University College London, Vakataka dynasty, Vatteluttu, Vellum, Veneto, Verona, Vespasiano da Bisticci, Victor Gardthausen, Virgil, Visigothic script, Vocabulary, Western Satraps, Wiesbaden, Wilhelm Wattenbach, William Schniedewind, World War II, Writing material, Writing system, Yajna Sri Satakarni, Zagreb.