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Peer-to-peer

Index Peer-to-peer

Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads between peers. [1]

139 relations: Anonymity, Anthony Tether, Application layer, ARPANET, Backup, Bandwidth (computing), Bandwidth throttling, Big O notation, Bitcoin, BitTorrent, BitTorrent protocol encryption, Broadcasting, C++, Central processing unit, Chord (peer-to-peer), Client (computing), Client–queue–client, Client–server model, Comcast, Computer security, Computer virus, Consistent hashing, Content delivery network, CoopNet content distribution system, Copyright, Coral Content Distribution Network, Correlation and dependence, Cryptocurrency, Cultural-historical activity theory, Dalesa, DARPA, Data validation, Decentralized computing, Denial-of-service attack, Digital currency, Distributed computing, Distributed Data Management Architecture, Distributed hash table, EDonkey network, Egalitarianism, Email client, Encryption, End-to-end principle, Ethereum, European Union, Exploit (computer security), Fair use, FAROO, FastTrack, File sharing, ..., File Transfer Protocol, File verification, Freenet, GiFT, Gnutella, Gnutella2, Gossip protocol, Grid computing, Grokster, Harvard Business School, Hash chain, Hash table, I2P, Infinit (storage platform), Internet, Internet protocol suite, Internet service provider, Java (software platform), JXTA, Kad network, Kademlia, Kazaa, LimeWire, Linux distribution, List of P2P protocols, Local area network, Malware, Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Message transfer agent, MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd., MIT Sloan School of Management, Mix network, Mobile commerce, MP3, Multicast, Napster, Net neutrality, Netsukuku, News server, Nxt, Onion routing, Open Garden, Osiris (software), Overlay network, P-Grid, P2P caching, P2PTV, PAST storage utility, Peer Distributed Transfer Protocol, Peer group (computer networking), Peer-to-peer file sharing, Peercasting, Peercoin, Pennsylvania State University, Privacy, Proprietary software, Public-key cryptography, Recording Industry Association of America, Reliability engineering, Request for Comments, Sebastopol, California, Segmented file transfer, Semantic P2P networks, Server (computing), Sharing economy, Shawn Fanning, Shuman Ghosemajumder, Simon Fraser University, Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Social network, Social peer-to-peer processes, Software, Spotify, Storm botnet, Subset, Tim Berners-Lee, Tradepal, Traffic shaping, United States Department of Defense, USB dead drop, Usenet, Virtual community, Vulnerability (computing), Web cache, Wireless ad hoc network, Wireless community network, World Wide Web, YaCy, YouTube. Expand index (89 more) »

Anonymity

Anonymity, adjective "anonymous", is derived from the Greek word ἀνωνυμία, anonymia, meaning "without a name" or "namelessness".

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Anthony Tether

Anthony J. Tether (born ca. 1941) served as Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) from June 18, 2001, until February 20, 2009.

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Application layer

An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communications protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network.

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ARPANET

The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) was an early packet switching network and the first network to implement the protocol suite TCP/IP.

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Backup

In information technology, a backup, or the process of backing up, refers to the copying into an archive file of computer data so it may be used to restore the original after a data loss event.

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Bandwidth (computing)

In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.

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Bandwidth throttling

Bandwidth throttling is the intentional slowing or speeding of an Internet service by an Internet service provider (ISP).

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Big O notation

Big O notation is a mathematical notation that describes the limiting behaviour of a function when the argument tends towards a particular value or infinity.

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Bitcoin

Bitcoin (₿) is the world's first cryptocurrency, a form of electronic cash.

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BitTorrent

BitTorrent (abbreviated to BT) is a communication protocol for peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P) which is used to distribute data and electronic files over the Internet.

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BitTorrent protocol encryption

Protocol encryption (PE), message stream encryption (MSE) or protocol header encrypt (PHE) are related features of some peer-to-peer file-sharing clients, including BitTorrent clients.

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Broadcasting

Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video content to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves), in a one-to-many model.

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C++

C++ ("see plus plus") is a general-purpose programming language.

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Central processing unit

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

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Chord (peer-to-peer)

In computing, Chord is a protocol and algorithm for a peer-to-peer distributed hash table.

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Client (computing)

A client is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service made available by a server.

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Client–queue–client

A client–queue–client or passive queue system is a client–server computer network in which the server is a data queue for the clients.

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Client–server model

The client–server model is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers, and service requesters, called clients.

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Comcast

Comcast Corporation (formerly registered as Comcast Holdings)Before the AT&T merger in 2001, the parent company was Comcast Holdings Corporation.

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Computer security

Cybersecurity, computer security or IT security is the protection of computer systems from theft of or damage to their hardware, software or electronic data, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.

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Computer virus

A computer virus is a type of malicious software program ("malware") that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code.

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Consistent hashing

Consistent hashing is a special kind of hashing such that when a hash table is resized, only K/n keys need to be remapped on average, where K is the number of keys, and n is the number of slots.

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Content delivery network

A content delivery network or content distribution network (CDN) is a geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers.

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CoopNet content distribution system

CoopNet (Cooperative Networking), a system for off-loading serving to peers who have recently downloaded content, is described in the paper “The Case for Cooperative Networking”, presented at the First (IPTPS) in 2002.

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Copyright

Copyright is a legal right, existing globally in many countries, that basically grants the creator of an original work exclusive rights to determine and decide whether, and under what conditions, this original work may be used by others.

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Coral Content Distribution Network

The Coral Content Distribution Network, sometimes called Coral Cache or Coral, was a free peer-to-peer content distribution network that ran from 2004 until 2015.

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Correlation and dependence

In statistics, dependence or association is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.

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Cryptocurrency

A cryptocurrency (or crypto currency) is digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptography to secure financial transactions, control the creation of additional units, and verify the transfer of assets.

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Cultural-historical activity theory

Cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) is a theoretical framework which helps to understand and analyse the relationship between the human mind (what people think and feel) and activity (what people do).

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Dalesa

Dalesa is a peer-to-peer web cache designed for Local Area Networks (LAN).

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DARPA

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.

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Data validation

In computer science, data validation is the process of ensuring data have undergone data cleansing to ensure they have data quality, that is, that they are both correct and useful.

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Decentralized computing

Decentralized computing is the allocation of resources, both hardware and software, to each individual workstation, or office location.

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Denial-of-service attack

In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet.

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Digital currency

Digital currency (digital money or electronic money or electronic currency) is a type of currency available only in digital form, not in physical (such as banknotes and coins).

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Distributed computing

Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems.

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Distributed Data Management Architecture

Distributed Data Management Architecture (DDM) is IBM's open, published software architecture for creating, managing and accessing data on a remote computer.

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Distributed hash table

A distributed hash table (DHT) is a class of a decentralized distributed system that provides a lookup service similar to a hash table: (key, value) pairs are stored in a DHT, and any participating node can efficiently retrieve the value associated with a given key.

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EDonkey network

The eDonkey Network (also known as the eDonkey2000 network or eD2k) is a decentralized, mostly server-based, peer-to-peer file sharing network created in 2000 by US developers Jed McCaleb and Sam Yagan that is best suited to share big files among users, and to provide long term availability of files.

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Egalitarianism

Egalitarianism – or equalitarianism – is a school of thought that prioritizes equality for all people.

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Email client

In Internet, an email client, email reader or more formally mail user agent (MUA) is a computer program in the category of groupware environments used to access and manage a user's email.

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Encryption

In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.

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End-to-end principle

The end-to-end principle is a design framework in computer networking.

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Ethereum

Ethereum is an open-source, public, blockchain-based distributed computing platform and operating system featuring smart contract (scripting) functionality.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Exploit (computer security)

An exploit (from the English verb to exploit, meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage") is a piece of software, a chunk of data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer software, hardware, or something electronic (usually computerized).

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Fair use

Fair use is a doctrine in the law of the United States that permits limited use of copyrighted material without having to first acquire permission from the copyright holder.

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FAROO

FAROO is a universal web search engine based on peer-to-peer technology.

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FastTrack

FastTrack is a peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol that was used by the Kazaa, Grokster, iMesh, and Morpheus file sharing programs.

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File sharing

File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital media, such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video), documents or electronic books.

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File Transfer Protocol

The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network.

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File verification

File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file.

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Freenet

Freenet is a peer-to-peer platform for censorship-resistant communication.

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GiFT

giFT Internet File Transfer (giFT) is a computer software daemon that allows several file sharing protocols to be used with a simple client having a graphical user interface (GUI).

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Gnutella

Gnutella (possibly by analogy with the GNU Project) is a large peer-to-peer network.

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Gnutella2

Gnutella2, often referred to as G2, is a peer-to-peer protocol developed mainly by Michael Stokes and released in 2002.

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Gossip protocol

A gossip protocol is a procedure or process of computer-computer communication that is based on the way social networks disseminate information or how epidemics spread.

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Grid computing

Grid computing is the collection of computer resources from multiple locations to reach a common goal.

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Grokster

Grokster Ltd. was a privately owned software company based in Nevis, West Indies that created the Grokster peer-to-peer file-sharing client in 2001 that utilized the FastTrack protocol.

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Harvard Business School

Harvard Business School (HBS) is the graduate business school of Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Hash chain

A hash chain is the successive application of a cryptographic hash function to a piece of data.

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Hash table

In computing, a hash table (hash map) is a data structure that implements an associative array abstract data type, a structure that can map keys to values.

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I2P

The Invisible Internet Project (I2P) is an anonymous network layer that allows for censorship-resistant, peer to peer communication.

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Infinit (storage platform)

Infinit is a software-based storage platform that has been designed to be scalable and resilient under extreme conditions.

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Internet

The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide.

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Internet protocol suite

The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks.

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Internet service provider

An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet.

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Java (software platform)

Java is a set of computer software and specifications developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems, which was later acquired by the Oracle Corporation, that provides a system for developing application software and deploying it in a cross-platform computing environment.

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JXTA

JXTA (Juxtapose) is an open source peer-to-peer protocol specification begun by Sun Microsystems in 2001.

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Kad network

The Kad network is a peer-to-peer (P2P) network which implements the Kademlia P2P overlay protocol.

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Kademlia

Kademlia is a distributed hash table for decentralized peer-to-peer computer networks designed by Petar Maymounkov and David Mazières in 2002.

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Kazaa

Kazaa Media Desktop (once stylized as "KaZaA", but later usually written "Kazaa") started as a peer-to-peer file sharing application using the FastTrack protocol licensed by Joltid Ltd. and operated as Kazaa by Sharman Networks.

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LimeWire

LimeWire is a discontinued free peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P) client for Windows, macOS, Linux and Solaris.

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Linux distribution

A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system.

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List of P2P protocols

Note that the name of the protocol may also be the name of the primary or original program that uses it.

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Local area network

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building.

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Malware

Malware (a portmanteau for malicious software) is any software intentionally designed to cause damage to a computer, server or computer network.

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Max Planck Institute for Software Systems

The Max Planck Institute for Software Systems (MPI-SWS) is a computer science research institute co-located in Saarbrücken and Kaiserslautern, Germany.

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Message transfer agent

Within Internet message handling services (MHS), a message transfer agent or mail transfer agent (MTA) or mail relay is software that transfers electronic mail messages from one computer to another using a client–server application architecture.

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MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.

MGM Studios, Inc.

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MIT Sloan School of Management

The MIT Sloan School of Management (also known as MIT Sloan or Sloan) is the business school of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Mix network

Mix networks are routing protocols that create hard-to-trace communications by using a chain of proxy servers known as mixes which take in messages from multiple senders, shuffle them, and send them back out in random order to the next destination (possibly another mix node).

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Mobile commerce

The phrase mobile commerce was originally coined in 1997 by Kevin Duffey at the launch of the Global Mobile Commerce Forum, to mean "the delivery of electronic commerce capabilities directly into the consumer’s hand, anywhere, via wireless technology." Many choose to think of Mobile Commerce as meaning "a retail outlet in your customer’s pocket." Mobile commerce is worth US$230 billion, with Asia representing almost half of the market, and has been forecast to reach US$700 billion in 2017.

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MP3

MP3 (formally MPEG-1 Audio Layer III or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III) is an audio coding format for digital audio.

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Multicast

In computer networking, multicast is group communication where data transmission is addressed to a group of destination computers simultaneously.

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Napster

Napster is the name given to three music-focused online services.

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Net neutrality

Net neutrality is the principle that Internet service providers treat all data on the Internet equally, and not discriminate or charge differently by user, content, website, platform, application, type of attached equipment, or method of communication.

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Netsukuku

Netsukuku is the name of an experimental peer-to-peer routing system, developed by the in 2005, created to build up a distributed network, anonymous and censorship-free, fully independent but not necessarily separated from the Internet, without the support of any server, ISP and no central authority.

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News server

A news server is a collection of software used to handle Usenet articles.

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Nxt

Nxt is an open source cryptocurrency and payment network launched in November 2013 by anonymous software developer BCNext.

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Onion routing

Onion routing is a technique for anonymous communication over a computer network.

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Open Garden

Open Garden, Inc. is an American company based in San Francisco, California, that develops a free, closed source mobile application called FireChat that enables peer-to-peer mobile Internet connection sharing with faster and more efficient data transmissions by automatically and actively choosing and switching to the best available network without requiring users to manually sift through available networks to find the best one available.

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Osiris (software)

Osiris Serverless Portal System (usually abbreviated as Osiris sps or Osiris) is a freeware program used to create web portals distributed via peer-to-peer networking (P2P) and autonomous from centralized servers.

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Overlay network

An overlay network is a computer network that is built on top of another network.

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P-Grid

In distributed data storage, a P-Grid is a self-organizing structured peer-to-peer system, which can accommodate arbitrary key distributions (and hence support lexicographic key ordering and range queries), still providing storage load-balancing and efficient search by using randomized routing.

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P2P caching

Peer-to-peer caching (P2P caching) is a computer network traffic management technology used by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to accelerate content delivered over peer-to-peer (P2P) networks while reducing related bandwidth costs.

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P2PTV

P2PTV refers to peer-to-peer (P2P) software applications designed to redistribute video streams in real time on a P2P network; the distributed video streams are typically TV channels from all over the world but may also come from other sources.

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PAST storage utility

PAST is a large-scale, distributed, persistent storage system based on the Pastry peer-to-peer overlay network.

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Peer Distributed Transfer Protocol

The Peer Distributed Transfer Protocol is an Internet file transfer protocol for distributing files from a central server across a peer-to-peer network.

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Peer group (computer networking)

In computer networking, a peer group is a group of functional units in the same layer (see e.g. OSI model) of a network, by analogy with peer group.

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Peer-to-peer file sharing

Peer-to-peer file sharing is the distribution and sharing of digital media using peer-to-peer (P2P) networking technology.

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Peercasting

Peercasting is a method of multicasting streams, usually audio and/or video, to the Internet via peer-to-peer technology.

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Peercoin

Peercoin, also known as PPCoin or PPC, is a peer-to-peer cryptocurrency utilizing both proof-of-stake and proof-of-work systems.

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Pennsylvania State University

The Pennsylvania State University (commonly referred to as Penn State or PSU) is a state-related, land-grant, doctoral university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania.

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Privacy

Privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude themselves, or information about themselves, and thereby express themselves selectively.

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Proprietary software

Proprietary software is non-free computer software for which the software's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights—usually copyright of the source code, but sometimes patent rights.

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Public-key cryptography

Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is any cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys which may be disseminated widely, and private keys which are known only to the owner.

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Recording Industry Association of America

The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is a trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States.

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Reliability engineering

Reliability engineering is a sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes dependability in the lifecycle management of a product.

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Request for Comments

In information and communications technology, a Request for Comments (RFC) is a type of publication from the technology community.

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Sebastopol, California

Sebastopol or is a city in Sonoma County, California, United States, approximately 52 miles (80 km) north of San Francisco.

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Segmented file transfer

Segmented file-transfer (also known as multisource file-transfer or swarming file-transfer) is a software method that intended to improve file download speed.

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Semantic P2P networks

Semantic P2P networks are a new type of P2P network.

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Server (computing)

In computing, a server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients".

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Sharing economy

Sharing economy is an umbrella term with a range of meanings, often used to describe economic activity involving online transactions.

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Shawn Fanning

Shawn Fanning (born November 22, 1980) is an American computer programmer, entrepreneur, and angel investor.

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Shuman Ghosemajumder

Shuman Ghosemajumder (born 1974) is a Canadian technologist, entrepreneur, and author.

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Simon Fraser University

Simon Fraser University (SFU) is a public research university in British Columbia, Canada with campuses in Burnaby (Main Campus), Surrey, and Vancouver.

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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is an Internet standard for electronic mail (email) transmission.

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Social network

A social network is a social structure made up of a set of social actors (such as individuals or organizations), sets of dyadic ties, and other social interactions between actors.

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Social peer-to-peer processes

Social peer-to-peer processes are interactions with a peer-to-peer dynamic.

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Software

Computer software, or simply software, is a generic term that refers to a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, that actually performs the work.

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Spotify

Spotify Technology SA is a Swedish entertainment company founded by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon.

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Storm botnet

The Storm botnet or Storm worm botnet (also known as Dorf botnet and Ecard malware) is a remotely controlled network of "zombie" computers (or "botnet") that have been linked by the Storm Worm, a Trojan horse spread through e-mail spam.

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Subset

In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B, or equivalently B is a superset of A, if A is "contained" inside B, that is, all elements of A are also elements of B. A and B may coincide.

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Tim Berners-Lee

Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee (born 8 June 1955), also known as TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist, best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web.

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Tradepal

Tradepal (est. in 2011) is a real-time marketplace application that makes it convenient to trade and exchange with people in and around communities.

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Traffic shaping

Traffic shaping is a bandwidth management technique used on computer networks which delays some or all datagrams to bring them into compliance with a desired traffic profile.

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United States Department of Defense

The Department of Defense (DoD, USDOD, or DOD) is an executive branch department of the federal government of the United States charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government concerned directly with national security and the United States Armed Forces.

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USB dead drop

A USB dead drop is a USB mass storage device installed in a public space.

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Usenet

Usenet is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers.

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Virtual community

A virtual community is a social network of individuals who interact through specific social media, potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries in order to pursue mutual interests or goals.

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Vulnerability (computing)

In computer security, a vulnerability is a weakness which can be exploited by a Threat Actor, such as an attacker, to perform unauthorized actions within a computer system.

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Web cache

A web cache (or HTTP cache) is an information technology for the temporary storage (caching) of web documents, such as HTML pages and images, to reduce server lag.

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Wireless ad hoc network

A wireless ad hoc network (WANET) or MANET (Mobile ad hoc network) is a decentralised type of wireless network.

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Wireless community network

Wireless community networks or wireless community projects are the organizations that attempt to take a grassroots approach to providing a viable alternative to municipal wireless networks for consumers.

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World Wide Web

The World Wide Web (abbreviated WWW or the Web) is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and accessible via the Internet.

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YaCy

YaCy (pronounced "ya see") is a free distributed search engine, built on principles of peer-to-peer (P2P) networks.

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YouTube

YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California.

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Redirects here:

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer

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