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258 relations: A priori and a posteriori, Accuracy and precision, Additive smoothing, Adiabatic process, Adrien-Marie Legendre, Agnosticism, Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde, Alexis Clairaut, Alphonse Rebière, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Mathematical Society, Amphidromic point, An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism, Angular frequency, Antoine Lavoisier, Antonio Schinella Conti, Apocrypha, Arcueil, Associated Legendre polynomials, Astronomer, Astronomy, Atheism, Augustus De Morgan, Average, École Militaire, Bancroft Library, Barotropic fluid, Bartolomeo Platina, Battle of Leipzig, Bayesian inference, Bayesian probability, Beaumont-en-Auge, Besançon, Binomial theorem, Biometrika, Black hole, Bourbon Restoration, Caen, Calculus, Capillary action, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Catholic Church, Catholic Encyclopedia, Celestial mechanics, Center of mass, Central limit theorem, CHAMP (satellite), Chaos theory, Characteristic function (probability theory), Château, ..., Christophe Gadbled, Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, Cider, Classical mechanics, Claude Louis Berthollet, Commentary (magazine), Compressor, Continued fraction, Conurbation, Coriolis force, Coup of 18 Brumaire, Cubic function, Curate, Curl (mathematics), Daniel Bernoulli, Daniel Johnson (journalist), De Moivre–Laplace theorem, Deism, Determinant, Determinism, Diethyl ether, Differential calculus, Differential equation, Discrete Laplace operator, Edmund Burke, Electromagnetism, Emanuel Swedenborg, Encyclopædia Britannica, Escape velocity, Ethanol, Euclidean vector, Euler–Lagrange equation, Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace, European Space Agency, Excommunication, Exorcism, Félix Tisserand, Finite difference, First French Empire, Florian Cajori, Fluid dynamics, Force, Formation and evolution of the Solar System, François Arago, François Magendie, Franz Xaver von Zach, French Academy of Sciences, French Consulate, Friction, Function (mathematics), Gaspard Gourgaud, General Scholium, George F. R. Ellis, George Green (mathematician), Gerald James Whitrow, Google Books, Governance, Gravitational collapse, Gravitational potential, Halley's Comet, Hans Reichenbach, Heat capacity, Heat capacity ratio, Hervé Faye, House of Bourbon, Immanuel Kant, Incandescence, Inductive reasoning, Integral, Interpolation, Inverse Laplace transform, Isaac Newton, Ivor Grattan-Guinness, Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, Jean le Rond d'Alembert, Jean-Antoine Chaptal, Jean-Étienne Guettard, Jean-Baptiste Biot, Jean-Baptiste Dumas, Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin, Jerzy Neyman, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, Karl Pearson, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Kingdom of France, Lagrange reversion theorem, Laplace distribution, Laplace expansion, Laplace expansion (potential), Laplace functional, Laplace invariant, Laplace limit, Laplace number, Laplace operator, Laplace plane, Laplace pressure, Laplace principle (large deviations theory), Laplace transform, Laplace's demon, Laplace's equation, Laplace's method, Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector, Laplace–Stieltjes transform, Laplacian matrix, Last rites, Latitude, Least squares, Leonhard Euler, Lisieux, List of minor planets: 4001–5000, List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower, List of things named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, Longitude, Lorentz force, Lucien Bonaparte, Luminiferous aether, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, Marquess, Marquis de Condorcet, Materialism, Mathematical physics, Mathematics, Maxwell's demon, Minister of the Interior (France), Miracle, Montes Jura, Napoleon, Nathaniel Bowditch, Nebular hypothesis, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Newton's laws of motion, Nicolas Marie Quinette, Observational astronomy, Orbital resonance, Order of Saint Benedict, Partial differential equation, Patronage, Paul Louis Courier, Père Lachaise Cemetery, Perturbation (astronomy), Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Physics, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Plane (geometry), Poisson's equation, Polar coordinate system, Pont-l'Évêque, Calvados, Pope Callixtus III, Popular Astronomy (US magazine), Potential, Power series, Pressure, Principle of indifference, Priory, Probability, Probability-generating function, Promontorium Laplace, Quadratic function, Ratio estimator, Real number, Recurrence relation, Renaissance humanism, RER B, Resonance, Roger Joseph Boscovich, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Rule of succession, Sagan standard, Saint Helena, Saint-Julien-de-Mailloc, Scalar (physics), Scalar potential, Secular variation, Separation of variables, Sequence, Series (mathematics), Siméon Denis Poisson, Space probe, Speed of sound, Spherical coordinate system, Spherical harmonics, Spheroid, Stability of the Solar System, Stephen Hawking, Syndic, Théodore Flournoy, The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time, The Last Moments of Napoleon, Thomas Young (scientist), Three-dimensional space, Tidal acceleration, Tidal force, TOPEX/Poseidon, Traité de mécanique céleste, Transubstantiation, Turin, University of Caen Normandy, University of St Andrews, Vanitas, Variance gamma process, Velocity potential, Vorticity, W. W. Rouse Ball, William Herschel, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Wolfram Research, Young–Laplace equation. Expand index (208 more) »
A priori and a posteriori
The Latin phrases a priori ("from the earlier") and a posteriori ("from the latter") are philosophical terms of art popularized by Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (first published in 1781, second edition in 1787), one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.
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Accuracy and precision
Precision is a description of random errors, a measure of statistical variability.
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Additive smoothing
In statistics, additive smoothing, also called Laplace smoothing (not to be confused with Laplacian smoothing), or Lidstone smoothing, is a technique used to smooth categorical data.
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Adiabatic process
In thermodynamics, an adiabatic process is one that occurs without transfer of heat or matter between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings.
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Adrien-Marie Legendre
Adrien-Marie Legendre (18 September 1752 – 10 January 1833) was a French mathematician.
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Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the existence of God, of the divine or the supernatural is unknown or unknowable.
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Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde
Alexandre-Théophile Vandermonde (28 February 1735 – 1 January 1796) was a French mathematician, musician and chemist who worked with Bézout and Lavoisier; his name is now principally associated with determinant theory in mathematics.
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Alexis Clairaut
Alexis Claude Clairaut (13 May 1713 – 17 May 1765) was a French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist.
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Alphonse Rebière
Alphonse Rebière (Tulle, 1842 - Paris, 1900) was a nineteenth-century advocate for women's scientific abilities.
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American Academy of Arts and Sciences
The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States of America.
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American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, advocacy and other programs.
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Amphidromic point
An amphidromic point is a point of zero amplitude of one harmonic constituent of the tide.
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An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism
An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism, is a fundamental publication by George Green, where he extends previous work of Siméon Denis Poisson on electricity and magnetism.
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Angular frequency
In physics, angular frequency ω (also referred to by the terms angular speed, radial frequency, circular frequency, orbital frequency, radian frequency, and pulsatance) is a scalar measure of rotation rate.
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Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution;; 26 August 17438 May 1794) CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.
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Antonio Schinella Conti
Antonio Schinella Conti (1677–1749), also known by his religious title as Abate Conti, was an Italian writer, translator, mathematician, philosopher and physicist.
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Apocrypha
Apocrypha are works, usually written, of unknown authorship or of doubtful origin.
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Arcueil
Arcueil is a commune in the Val-de-Marne department in the southern suburbs of Paris, France.
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Associated Legendre polynomials
In mathematics, the associated Legendre polynomials are the canonical solutions of the general Legendre equation or equivalently where the indices ℓ and m (which are integers) are referred to as the degree and order of the associated Legendre polynomial respectively.
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Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who concentrates their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
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Astronomy
Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.
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Atheism
Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.
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Augustus De Morgan
Augustus De Morgan (27 June 1806 – 18 March 1871) was a British mathematician and logician.
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Average
In colloquial language, an average is a middle or typical number of a list of numbers.
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École Militaire
The École Militaire ("military school") is a vast complex of buildings housing various military training facilities in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, France, southeast of the Champ de Mars.
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Bancroft Library
The Bancroft Library in the center of the campus of the University of California, Berkeley, is the university's primary special-collections library.
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Barotropic fluid
In fluid dynamics, a barotropic fluid is a fluid whose density is a function of pressure only.
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Bartolomeo Platina
Bartolomeo Sacchi (1421 – 21 September 1481), known as Platina (in Italian il Platina) after his birthplace (Piadena), and commonly referred to in English as Bartolomeo Platina, was an Italian Renaissance humanist writer and gastronomist.
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Battle of Leipzig
The Battle of Leipzig or Battle of the Nations (Битва народов, Bitva narodov; Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig; Bataille des Nations, Slaget vid Leipzig) was fought from 16 to 19 October 1813, at Leipzig, Saxony.
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Bayesian inference
Bayesian inference is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to update the probability for a hypothesis as more evidence or information becomes available.
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Bayesian probability
Bayesian probability is an interpretation of the concept of probability, in which, instead of frequency or propensity of some phenomenon, probability is interpreted as reasonable expectation representing a state of knowledge or as quantification of a personal belief.
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Beaumont-en-Auge
Beaumont-en-Auge is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
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Besançon
Besançon (French and Arpitan:; archaic Bisanz, Vesontio) is the capital of the department of Doubs in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.
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Binomial theorem
In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.
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Biometrika
Biometrika is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press for the Biometrika Trust.
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Black hole
A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.
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Bourbon Restoration
The Bourbon Restoration was the period of French history following the fall of Napoleon in 1814 until the July Revolution of 1830.
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Caen
Caen (Norman: Kaem) is a commune in northwestern France.
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Calculus
Calculus (from Latin calculus, literally 'small pebble', used for counting and calculations, as on an abacus), is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.
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Capillary action
Capillary action (sometimes capillarity, capillary motion, capillary effect, or wicking) is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of, or even in opposition to, external forces like gravity.
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Carl Friedrich Gauss
Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß; Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields, including algebra, analysis, astronomy, differential geometry, electrostatics, geodesy, geophysics, magnetic fields, matrix theory, mechanics, number theory, optics and statistics.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catholic Encyclopedia
The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church, also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia and the Original Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in the United States and designed to serve the Roman Catholic Church.
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Celestial mechanics
Celestial mechanics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of celestial objects.
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Center of mass
In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating.
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Central limit theorem
In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) establishes that, in some situations, when independent random variables are added, their properly normalized sum tends toward a normal distribution (informally a "bell curve") even if the original variables themselves are not normally distributed.
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CHAMP (satellite)
Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) was a German satellite launched July 15, 2000 from Plesetsk, Russia and was used for atmospheric and ionospheric research, as well as other geoscientific applications, such as GPS radio occultation.
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Chaos theory
Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics focusing on the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions.
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Characteristic function (probability theory)
In probability theory and statistics, the characteristic function of any real-valued random variable completely defines its probability distribution.
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Château
A château (plural châteaux; in both cases) is a manor house or residence of the lord of the manor or a country house of nobility or gentry, with or without fortifications, originally—and still most frequently—in French-speaking regions.
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Christophe Gadbled
Christophe Gadbled (1734 – 11 October 1782) was a mathematics professor at the University of Caen.
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Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris
Saint-Sulpice is a Roman Catholic church in Paris, France, on the east side of the Place Saint-Sulpice within the rue Bonaparte, in the Odéon Quarter of the 6th arrondissement.
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Cider
Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples.
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Classical mechanics
Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, and astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars and galaxies.
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Claude Louis Berthollet
Claude Louis Berthollet (9 December 1748 in Talloires, France – 6 November 1822 in Arcueil, France) was a Savoyard-French chemist who became vice president of the French Senate in 1804.
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Commentary (magazine)
Commentary is a monthly American magazine on religion, Judaism, and politics, as well as social and cultural issues.
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Compressor
A compressor is a mechanical device that increases the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume.
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Continued fraction
In mathematics, a continued fraction is an expression obtained through an iterative process of representing a number as the sum of its integer part and the reciprocal of another number, then writing this other number as the sum of its integer part and another reciprocal, and so on.
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Conurbation
A conurbation is a region comprising a number of cities, large towns, and other urban areas that, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area.
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Coriolis force
In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial force that acts on objects that are in motion relative to a rotating reference frame.
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Coup of 18 Brumaire
The Coup of 18 Brumaire brought General Napoleon Bonaparte to power as First Consul of France and in the view of most historians ended the French Revolution.
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Cubic function
In algebra, a cubic function is a function of the form in which is nonzero.
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Curate
A curate is a person who is invested with the ''care'' or ''cure'' (''cura'') ''of souls'' of a parish.
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Curl (mathematics)
In vector calculus, the curl is a vector operator that describes the infinitesimal rotation of a vector field in three-dimensional Euclidean space.
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Daniel Bernoulli
Daniel Bernoulli FRS (8 February 1700 – 17 March 1782) was a Swiss mathematician and physicist and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family.
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Daniel Johnson (journalist)
Daniel Benedict Johnson (born 26 August 1957) is a British journalist who is the founding editor of Standpoint.
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De Moivre–Laplace theorem
In probability theory, the de Moivre–Laplace theorem, which is a special case of the central limit theorem, states that the normal distribution may be used as an approximation to the binomial distribution under certain conditions.
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Deism
Deism (or; derived from Latin "deus" meaning "god") is a philosophical belief that posits that God exists and is ultimately responsible for the creation of the universe, but does not interfere directly with the created world.
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Determinant
In linear algebra, the determinant is a value that can be computed from the elements of a square matrix.
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Determinism
Determinism is the philosophical theory that all events, including moral choices, are completely determined by previously existing causes.
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Diethyl ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound in the ether class with the formula, sometimes abbreviated as (see Pseudoelement symbols).
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Differential calculus
In mathematics, differential calculus is a subfield of calculus concerned with the study of the rates at which quantities change.
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Differential equation
A differential equation is a mathematical equation that relates some function with its derivatives.
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Discrete Laplace operator
In mathematics, the discrete Laplace operator is an analog of the continuous Laplace operator, defined so that it has meaning on a graph or a discrete grid.
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Edmund Burke
Edmund Burke (12 January 17309 July 1797) was an Anglo-Irish statesman born in Dublin, as well as an author, orator, political theorist and philosopher, who after moving to London in 1750 served as a member of parliament (MP) between 1766 and 1794 in the House of Commons with the Whig Party.
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Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles.
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Emanuel Swedenborg
Emanuel Swedenborg ((born Emanuel Swedberg; 29 January 1688 – 29 March 1772) was a Swedish Lutheran theologian, scientist, philosopher, revelator and mystic who inspired Swedenborgianism. He is best known for his book on the afterlife, Heaven and Hell (1758). Swedenborg had a prolific career as an inventor and scientist. In 1741, at 53, he entered into a spiritual phase in which he began to experience dreams and visions, beginning on Easter Weekend, on 6 April 1744. It culminated in a 'spiritual awakening' in which he received a revelation that he was appointed by the Lord Jesus Christ to write The Heavenly Doctrine to reform Christianity. According to The Heavenly Doctrine, the Lord had opened Swedenborg's spiritual eyes so that from then on, he could freely visit heaven and hell and talk with angels, demons and other spirits and the Last Judgment had already occurred the year before, in 1757. For the last 28 years of his life, Swedenborg wrote 18 published theological works—and several more that were unpublished. He termed himself a "Servant of the Lord Jesus Christ" in True Christian Religion, which he published himself. Some followers of The Heavenly Doctrine believe that of his theological works, only those that were published by Swedenborg himself are fully divinely inspired.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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Escape velocity
In physics, escape velocity is the minimum speed needed for an object to escape from the gravitational influence of a massive body.
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Ethanol
Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.
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Euclidean vector
In mathematics, physics, and engineering, a Euclidean vector (sometimes called a geometric or spatial vector, or—as here—simply a vector) is a geometric object that has magnitude (or length) and direction.
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Euler–Lagrange equation
In the calculus of variations, the Euler–Lagrange equation, Euler's equation, or Lagrange's equation (although the latter name is ambiguous—see disambiguation page), is a second-order partial differential equation whose solutions are the functions for which a given functional is stationary.
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Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace
The Europa Jupiter System Mission – Laplace (EJSM/Laplace) was a proposed joint NASA/ESA unmanned space mission slated to launch around 2020 for the in-depth exploration of Jupiter's moons with a focus on Europa, Ganymede and Jupiter's magnetosphere.
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European Space Agency
The European Space Agency (ESA; Agence spatiale européenne, ASE; Europäische Weltraumorganisation) is an intergovernmental organisation of 22 member states dedicated to the exploration of space.
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Excommunication
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular receiving of the sacraments.
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Exorcism
Exorcism (from Greek εξορκισμός, exorkismós "binding by oath") is the religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons or other spiritual entities from a person, or an area, that are believed to be possessed.
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Félix Tisserand
François Félix Tisserand (13 January 1845 – 20 October 1896) was a French astronomer.
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Finite difference
A finite difference is a mathematical expression of the form.
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First French Empire
The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
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Florian Cajori
Florian Cajori (February 28, 1859 – August 14 or 15, 1930) was a Swiss-American historian of mathematics.
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Fluid dynamics
In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids - liquids and gases.
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Force
In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.
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Formation and evolution of the Solar System
The formation and evolution of the Solar System began 4.6 billion years ago with the gravitational collapse of a small part of a giant molecular cloud.
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François Arago
Dominique François Jean Arago (Domènec Francesc Joan Aragó), known simply as François Arago (Catalan: Francesc Aragó) (26 February 17862 October 1853), was a French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, freemason, supporter of the carbonari and politician.
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François Magendie
François Magendie (6 October 1783 – 7 October 1855) was a French physiologist, considered a pioneer of experimental physiology.
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Franz Xaver von Zach
Baron Franz Xaver von Zach (Franz Xaver Freiherr von Zach) (4 June 1754 – 2 September 1832) was a Hungarian astronomer born at Pest, Hungary (now Budapest in Hungary).
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French Academy of Sciences
The French Academy of Sciences (French: Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research.
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French Consulate
The Consulate (French: Le Consulat) was the government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire in November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire in May 1804.
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Friction
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.
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Function (mathematics)
In mathematics, a function was originally the idealization of how a varying quantity depends on another quantity.
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Gaspard Gourgaud
Gaspard, Baron Gourgaud (September 14, 1783 – July 25, 1852), also known simply as Gaspard Gourgaud, was a French soldier, prominent in the Napoleonic wars.
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General Scholium
The General Scholium is an essay written by Isaac Newton, appended to his work of Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, known as the Principia.
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George F. R. Ellis
George Francis Rayner Ellis, FRS, Hon.
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George Green (mathematician)
George Green (14 July 1793 – 31 May 1841) was a British mathematical physicist who wrote ''An Essay on the Application of Mathematical Analysis to the Theories of Electricity and Magnetism'' (Green, 1828).
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Gerald James Whitrow
Gerald James Whitrow (9 June 1912 – 2 June 2000) was a British mathematician, cosmologist and science historian.
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Google Books
Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search and Google Print and by its codename Project Ocean) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition (OCR), and stored in its digital database.
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Governance
Governance is all of the processes of governing, whether undertaken by a government, a market or a network, over a social system (family, tribe, formal or informal organization, a territory or across territories) and whether through the laws, norms, power or language of an organized society.
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Gravitational collapse
Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity.
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Gravitational potential
In classical mechanics, the gravitational potential at a location is equal to the work (energy transferred) per unit mass that would be needed to move the object from a fixed reference location to the location of the object.
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Halley's Comet
Halley's Comet or Comet Halley, officially designated 1P/Halley, is a short-period comet visible from Earth every 74–79 years.
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Hans Reichenbach
Hans Reichenbach (September 26, 1891 – April 9, 1953) was a leading philosopher of science, educator, and proponent of logical empiricism.
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Heat capacity
Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a measurable physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting temperature change.
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Heat capacity ratio
In thermal physics and thermodynamics, the heat capacity ratio or adiabatic index or ratio of specific heats or Poisson constant, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure to heat capacity at constant volume.
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Hervé Faye
Hervé Auguste Étienne Albans Faye (&ndash) was a French astronomer, born at Saint-Benoît-du-Sault (Indre) and educated at the École Polytechnique, which he left in 1834, before completing his course, to accept a position in the Paris Observatory to which he had been appointed on the recommendation of M. Arago.
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House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty.
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Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.
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Incandescence
Incandescence is the emission of electromagnetic radiation (including visible light) from a hot body as a result of its temperature.
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Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning (as opposed to ''deductive'' reasoning or ''abductive'' reasoning) is a method of reasoning in which the premises are viewed as supplying some evidence for the truth of the conclusion.
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Integral
In mathematics, an integral assigns numbers to functions in a way that can describe displacement, area, volume, and other concepts that arise by combining infinitesimal data.
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Interpolation
In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points.
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Inverse Laplace transform
In mathematics, the inverse Laplace transform of a function F(s) is the piecewise-continuous and exponentially-restricted real function f(t) which has the property: where \mathcal denotes the Laplace transform.
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Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.
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Ivor Grattan-Guinness
Ivor Owen Grattan-Guinness (23 June 1941 – 12 December 2014) was a historian of mathematics and logic.
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Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
Jean Baptiste Joseph, chevalier Delambre (19 September 1749 – 19 August 1822) was a French mathematician and astronomer.
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Jean le Rond d'Alembert
Jean-Baptiste le Rond d'Alembert (16 November 1717 – 29 October 1783) was a French mathematician, mechanician, physicist, philosopher, and music theorist.
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Jean-Antoine Chaptal
Jean-Antoine Chaptal, comte de Chanteloup (5 June 1756 – 30 July 1832) was a distinguished French chemist, physician, agronomist, industrialist, statesman, educator and philanthropist.
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Jean-Étienne Guettard
Jean-Étienne Guettard (22 September 1715 – 7 January 1786), French naturalist and mineralogist, was born at Étampes, near Paris.
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Jean-Baptiste Biot
Jean-Baptiste Biot (21 April 1774 – 3 February 1862) was a French physicist, astronomer, and mathematician who established the reality of meteorites, made an early balloon flight, and studied the polarization of light.
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Jean-Baptiste Dumas
Jean Baptiste André Dumas (14 July 180010 April 1884) was a French chemist, best known for his works on organic analysis and synthesis, as well as the determination of atomic weights (relative atomic masses) and molecular weights by measuring vapor densities.
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Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin
Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin (25 March 1783, Toulon - 19 January 1855, Paris) was a French portrait and history painter.
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Jerzy Neyman
Jerzy Neyman (April 16, 1894 – August 5, 1981), born Jerzy Spława-Neyman, was a Polish mathematician and statistician who spent the first part of his professional career at various institutions in Warsaw, Poland and then at University College London, and the second part at the University of California, Berkeley.
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Joseph-Louis Lagrange
Joseph-Louis Lagrange (or;; born Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia, Encyclopædia Britannica or Giuseppe Ludovico De la Grange Tournier, Turin, 25 January 1736 – Paris, 10 April 1813; also reported as Giuseppe Luigi Lagrange or Lagrangia) was an Italian Enlightenment Era mathematician and astronomer.
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Karl Pearson
Karl Pearson HFRSE LLD (originally named Carl; 27 March 1857 – 27 April 1936) was an English mathematician and biostatistician. He has been credited with establishing the discipline of mathematical statistics. He founded the world's first university statistics department at University College London in 1911, and contributed significantly to the field of biometrics, meteorology, theories of social Darwinism and eugenics. Pearson was also a protégé and biographer of Sir Francis Galton.
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Kepler's laws of planetary motion
In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion are three scientific laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun.
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Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of France (Royaume de France) was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Western Europe.
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Lagrange reversion theorem
In mathematics, the Lagrange reversion theorem gives series or formal power series expansions of certain implicitly defined functions; indeed, of compositions with such functions.
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Laplace distribution
In probability theory and statistics, the Laplace distribution is a continuous probability distribution named after Pierre-Simon Laplace.
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Laplace expansion
In linear algebra, the Laplace expansion, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, also called cofactor expansion, is an expression for the determinant |B| of an n × n matrix B that is a weighted sum of the determinants of n sub-matrices of B, each of size (n−1) × (n−1).
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Laplace expansion (potential)
In physics, the Laplace expansion of a 1/r - type potential is applied to expand Newton's gravitational potential or Coulomb's electrostatic potential.
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Laplace functional
In probability theory, a Laplace functional refers to one of two possible mathematical functions of functions or, more precisely, functionals that serve as mathematical tools for studying either point processes or concentration of measure properties of metric spaces.
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Laplace invariant
In differential equations, the Laplace invariant of any of certain differential operators is a certain function of the coefficients and their derivatives.
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Laplace limit
In mathematics, the Laplace limit is the maximum value of the eccentricity for which a solution to Kepler's equation, in terms of a power series in the eccentricity, converges.
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Laplace number
The Laplace number (La), also known as the Suratman number (Su), is a dimensionless number used in the characterization of free surface fluid dynamics.
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Laplace operator
In mathematics, the Laplace operator or Laplacian is a differential operator given by the divergence of the gradient of a function on Euclidean space.
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Laplace plane
The Laplace plane or Laplacian plane of a planetary satellite, named after its discoverer Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827), is a mean or reference plane about whose axis the instantaneous orbital plane of a satellite precesses.
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Laplace pressure
The Laplace pressure is the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of a curved surface that forms the boundary between a gas region and a liquid region.
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Laplace principle (large deviations theory)
In mathematics, Laplace's principle is a basic theorem in large deviations theory, similar to Varadhan's lemma.
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Laplace transform
In mathematics, the Laplace transform is an integral transform named after its discoverer Pierre-Simon Laplace.
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Laplace's demon
In the history of science, Laplace's demon was the first published articulation of causal or scientific determinism by Pierre-Simon Laplace in 1814.
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Laplace's equation
In mathematics, Laplace's equation is a second-order partial differential equation named after Pierre-Simon Laplace who first studied its properties.
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Laplace's method
In mathematics, Laplace's method, named after Pierre-Simon Laplace, is a technique used to approximate integrals of the form where ƒ(x) is some twice-differentiable function, M is a large number, and the endpoints a and b could possibly be infinite.
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Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector
In classical mechanics, the Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector (or simply the LRL vector) is a vector used chiefly to describe the shape and orientation of the orbit of one astronomical body around another, such as a planet revolving around a star.
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Laplace–Stieltjes transform
The Laplace–Stieltjes transform, named for Pierre-Simon Laplace and Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, is an integral transform similar to the Laplace transform.
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Laplacian matrix
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Laplacian matrix, sometimes called admittance matrix, Kirchhoff matrix or discrete Laplacian, is a matrix representation of a graph.
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Last rites
The last rites, in Catholicism, are the last prayers and ministrations given to many Catholics when possible shortly before death.
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Latitude
In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.
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Least squares
The method of least squares is a standard approach in regression analysis to approximate the solution of overdetermined systems, i.e., sets of equations in which there are more equations than unknowns.
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Leonhard Euler
Leonhard Euler (Swiss Standard German:; German Standard German:; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer, who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory.
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Lisieux
Lisieux is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
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List of minor planets: 4001–5000
#C2FFFF | 4063 Euforbo || || February 1, 1989 || Bologna || San Vittore Obs.
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List of the 72 names on the Eiffel Tower
On the Eiffel Tower, seventy-two names of French scientists, engineers, and mathematicians are engraved in recognition of their contributions.
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List of things named after Pierre-Simon Laplace
This is a list of things named after Pierre-Simon Laplace.
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Longitude
Longitude, is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth's surface.
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Lorentz force
In physics (particularly in electromagnetism) the Lorentz force is the combination of electric and magnetic force on a point charge due to electromagnetic fields.
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Lucien Bonaparte
Lucien Bonaparte, Prince Français, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano (born Luciano Buonaparte; 21 May 1775 – 29 June 1840), the third surviving son of Carlo Bonaparte and his wife Letizia Ramolino, was a French statesman, who served as the final President of the Council of Five Hundred at the end of the French Revolution.
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Luminiferous aether
In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether or ether ("luminiferous", meaning "light-bearing"), was the postulated medium for the propagation of light.
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MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive is a website maintained by John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson and hosted by the University of St Andrews in Scotland.
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Marquess
A marquess (marquis) is a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies.
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Marquis de Condorcet
Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis of Condorcet (17 September 1743 – 29 March 1794), known as Nicolas de Condorcet, was a French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist whose Condorcet method in voting tally selects the candidate who would beat each of the other candidates in a run-off election.
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Materialism
Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental aspects and consciousness, are results of material interactions.
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Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Maxwell's demon
In the philosophy of thermal and statistical physics, Maxwell's demon is a thought experiment created by the physicist James Clerk Maxwell in which he suggested how the second law of thermodynamics might hypothetically be violated.
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Minister of the Interior (France)
The Minister of the Interior (Ministre de l'Intérieur) is an important position in the Government of France.
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Miracle
A miracle is an event not explicable by natural or scientific laws.
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Montes Jura
Montes Jura is a mountain range in the northwest part of the near side of the Moon.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Nathaniel Bowditch
Nathaniel Bowditch (March 26, 1773 – March 16, 1838) was an early American mathematician remembered for his work on ocean navigation.
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Nebular hypothesis
The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems).
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Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
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Newton's laws of motion
Newton's laws of motion are three physical laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics.
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Nicolas Marie Quinette
Nicolas Marie Quinette, Baron de Rochemont (September 16, 1762, Paris – June 14, 1821, Brussels) was a French politician.
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Observational astronomy
Observational astronomy is a division of astronomy that is concerned with recording data about the observable universe, in contrast with theoretical astronomy, which is mainly concerned with calculating the measurable implications of physical models.
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Orbital resonance
In celestial mechanics, an orbital resonance occurs when orbiting bodies exert a regular, periodic gravitational influence on each other, usually because their orbital periods are related by a ratio of small integers.
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Order of Saint Benedict
The Order of Saint Benedict (OSB; Latin: Ordo Sancti Benedicti), also known as the Black Monksin reference to the colour of its members' habitsis a Catholic religious order of independent monastic communities that observe the Rule of Saint Benedict.
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Partial differential equation
In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is a differential equation that contains unknown multivariable functions and their partial derivatives.
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Patronage
Patronage is the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another.
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Paul Louis Courier
Paul Louis Courier (4 January 177210 April 1825), French Hellenist and political writer, was born in Paris.
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Père Lachaise Cemetery
Cemetery (Cimetière du Père-Lachaise,; formerly,, "Cemetery of the East") is the largest cemetery in the city of Paris, although there are larger cemeteries in the city's suburbs.
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Perturbation (astronomy)
In astronomy, perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subject to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body.
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Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin for Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, in Latin, first published 5 July 1687.
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Physics
Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
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Pierre-Simon Laplace
Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar whose work was important to the development of mathematics, statistics, physics and astronomy.
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Plane (geometry)
In mathematics, a plane is a flat, two-dimensional surface that extends infinitely far.
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Poisson's equation
In mathematics, Poisson's equation is a partial differential equation of elliptic type with broad utility in mechanical engineering and theoretical physics.
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Polar coordinate system
In mathematics, the polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point and an angle from a reference direction.
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Pont-l'Évêque, Calvados
Pont-l'Évêque is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
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Pope Callixtus III
Pope Callixtus III (31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfons de Borja, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his death in 1458.
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Popular Astronomy (US magazine)
Popular Astronomy is an American magazine published by John August Media, LLC and hosted at TechnicaCuriosa.com for amateur astronomers.
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Potential
Potential generally refers to a currently unrealized ability.
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Power series
In mathematics, a power series (in one variable) is an infinite series of the form where an represents the coefficient of the nth term and c is a constant.
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Pressure
Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
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Principle of indifference
The principle of indifference (also called principle of insufficient reason) is a rule for assigning epistemic probabilities.
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Priory
A priory is a monastery of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress.
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Probability
Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.
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Probability-generating function
In probability theory, the probability generating function of a discrete random variable is a power series representation (the generating function) of the probability mass function of the random variable.
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Promontorium Laplace
Promontorium Laplace is a raised mountainous cape situated at the end of Montes Jura in Mare Imbrium on the near side of the Moon.
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Quadratic function
In algebra, a quadratic function, a quadratic polynomial, a polynomial of degree 2, or simply a quadratic, is a polynomial function in one or more variables in which the highest-degree term is of the second degree.
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Ratio estimator
The ratio estimator is a statistical parameter and is defined to be the ratio of means of two random variables.
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Real number
In mathematics, a real number is a value of a continuous quantity that can represent a distance along a line.
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Recurrence relation
In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation that recursively defines a sequence or multidimensional array of values, once one or more initial terms are given: each further term of the sequence or array is defined as a function of the preceding terms.
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Renaissance humanism
Renaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.
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RER B
The RER B is one of the five lines in the RER rapid transit system serving:Paris, France.
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Resonance
In physics, resonance is a phenomenon in which a vibrating system or external force drives another system to oscillate with greater amplitude at specific frequencies.
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Roger Joseph Boscovich
Roger Joseph Boscovich (Ruđer Josip Bošković,, Ruggiero Giuseppe Boscovich, Rodericus Iosephus Boscovicus; 18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a Ragusan physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, theologian, Jesuit priest, and a polymath, Fairchild University website.
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Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, abbreviated: KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands.
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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden.
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Rule of succession
In probability theory, the rule of succession is a formula introduced in the 18th century by Pierre-Simon Laplace in the course of treating the sunrise problem.
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Sagan standard
The Sagan standard is an aphorism that asserts that "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence".
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Saint Helena
Saint Helena is a volcanic tropical island in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of Rio de Janeiro and 1,950 kilometres (1,210 mi) west of the Cunene River, which marks the border between Namibia and Angola in southwestern Africa.
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Saint-Julien-de-Mailloc
Saint-Julien-de-Mailloc is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.
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Scalar (physics)
A scalar or scalar quantity in physics is a physical quantity that can be described by a single element of a number field such as a real number, often accompanied by units of measurement.
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Scalar potential
Scalar potential, simply stated, describes the situation where the difference in the potential energies of an object in two different positions depends only on the positions, not upon the path taken by the object in traveling from one position to the other.
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Secular variation
The secular variation of a time series is its long-term non-periodic variation (see Decomposition of time series).
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Separation of variables
In mathematics, separation of variables (also known as the Fourier method) is any of several methods for solving ordinary and partial differential equations, in which algebra allows one to rewrite an equation so that each of two variables occurs on a different side of the equation.
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Sequence
In mathematics, a sequence is an enumerated collection of objects in which repetitions are allowed.
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Series (mathematics)
In mathematics, a series is, roughly speaking, a description of the operation of adding infinitely many quantities, one after the other, to a given starting quantity.
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Siméon Denis Poisson
Baron Siméon Denis Poisson FRS FRSE (21 June 1781 – 25 April 1840) was a French mathematician, engineer, and physicist, who made several scientific advances.
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Space probe
A space probe is a robotic spacecraft that does not orbit the Earth, but, instead, explores further into outer space.
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Speed of sound
The speed of sound is the distance travelled per unit time by a sound wave as it propagates through an elastic medium.
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Spherical coordinate system
In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position of a point is specified by three numbers: the radial distance of that point from a fixed origin, its polar angle measured from a fixed zenith direction, and the azimuth angle of its orthogonal projection on a reference plane that passes through the origin and is orthogonal to the zenith, measured from a fixed reference direction on that plane.
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Spherical harmonics
In mathematics and physical science, spherical harmonics are special functions defined on the surface of a sphere.
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Spheroid
A spheroid, or ellipsoid of revolution, is a quadric surface obtained by rotating an ellipse about one of its principal axes; in other words, an ellipsoid with two equal semi-diameters.
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Stability of the Solar System
The stability of the Solar System is a subject of much inquiry in astronomy.
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Stephen Hawking
Stephen William Hawking (8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018) was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author, who was director of research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at the University of Cambridge at the time of his death.
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Syndic
Syndic (Late Latin: syndicus; Greek: σύνδικος, sýndikos – one who helps in a court of justice, an advocate, representative) is a term applied in certain countries to an officer of government with varying powers, and secondly to a representative or delegate of a university, institution or other corporation, entrusted with special functions or powers.
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Théodore Flournoy
Théodore Flournoy (15 August 1854 – 5 November 1920) was a professor of psychology at the University of Geneva and author of books on parapsychology and spiritism.
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The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time
The Large Scale Structure of Space-Time is 1973 book by Stephen Hawking and George Ellis on the theoretical physics of spacetime.
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The Last Moments of Napoleon
The Last Moments of Napoleon is a book by Francesco Antommarchi, Napoleon I's physician.
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Thomas Young (scientist)
Thomas Young FRS (13 June 1773 – 10 May 1829) was a British polymath and physician.
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Three-dimensional space
Three-dimensional space (also: 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a geometric setting in which three values (called parameters) are required to determine the position of an element (i.e., point).
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Tidal acceleration
Tidal acceleration is an effect of the tidal forces between an orbiting natural satellite (e.g. the Moon), and the primary planet that it orbits (e.g. Earth).
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Tidal force
The tidal force is an apparent force that stretches a body towards the center of mass of another body due to a gradient (difference in strength) in gravitational field from the other body; it is responsible for the diverse phenomena, including tides, tidal locking, breaking apart of celestial bodies and formation of ring systems within Roche limit, and in extreme cases, spaghettification of objects.
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TOPEX/Poseidon
TOPEX/Poseidon was a joint satellite mission between NASA, the U.S. space agency; and CNES, the French space agency, to map ocean surface topography.
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Traité de mécanique céleste
Traité de mécanique céleste is a five-volume treatise on celestial mechanics written by Pierre-Simon Laplace and published from 1798 to 1825 with a second edition in 1829.
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Transubstantiation
Transubstantiation (Latin: transsubstantiatio; Greek: μετουσίωσις metousiosis) is, according to the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church, the change of substance or essence by which the bread and wine offered in the sacrifice of the sacrament of the Eucharist during the Mass, become, in reality, the body and blood of Jesus Christ.
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Turin
Turin (Torino; Turin) is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy.
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University of Caen Normandy
The University of Caen Normandy (UNICAEN; French: Université de Caen Normandie) is a university in Caen in Normandy, France.
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University of St Andrews
The University of St Andrews (informally known as St Andrews University or simply St Andrews; abbreviated as St And, from the Latin Sancti Andreae, in post-nominals) is a British public research university in St Andrews, Fife, Scotland.
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Vanitas
A vanitas is a symbolic work of art showing the transience of life, the futility of pleasure, and the certainty of death, often contrasting symbols of wealth and symbols of ephemerality and death.
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Variance gamma process
In the theory of stochastic processes, a part of the mathematical theory of probability, the variance gamma process (VG), also known as Laplace motion, is a Lévy process determined by a random time change.
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Velocity potential
A velocity potential is a scalar potential used in potential flow theory.
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Vorticity
In continuum mechanics, the vorticity is a pseudovector field that describes the local spinning motion of a continuum near some point (the tendency of something to rotate), as would be seen by an observer located at that point and traveling along with the flow.
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W. W. Rouse Ball
Walter William Rouse Ball, known as W. W. Rouse Ball (14 August 1850 – 4 April 1925), was a British mathematician, lawyer, and fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge from 1878 to 1905.
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William Herschel
Frederick William Herschel, (Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-born British astronomer, composer and brother of fellow astronomer Caroline Herschel, with whom he worked.
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William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a Scots-Irish mathematical physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824.
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Wolfram Research
Wolfram Research is a private company that creates computational technology.
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Young–Laplace equation
In physics, the Young–Laplace equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that describes the capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between two static fluids, such as water and air, due to the phenomenon of surface tension or wall tension, although usage on the latter is only applicable if assuming that the wall is very thin.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Simon_Laplace
