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217 relations: Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Acetic acid, Acid, Adhesion, Albinism, Alizarin, Alkali, Aluminium, Aluminium powder, Aluminium silicate, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, Aniline, Animal coloration, Aposematism, Aureolin, Azo dye, Aztecs, Azurite, Biological pigment, Biology, Bloomberg Businessweek, Blue, Bone char, Butterfly, Byzantine Empire, Cadmium, Cadmium pigments, Camouflage, Caput mortuum, Carbon, Carbon black, Cardinal (Catholic Church), Carmine, Cave, Cave painting, Central America, Cerulean, Chameleon, Chromatophore, Chrome yellow, Chromium, Chromium(III) oxide, CIELAB color space, Cobalt, Cobalt blue, Cobalt glass, Cobalt phosphate, Cochineal, Colophon (city), Color, ..., Color management, Color temperature, Colorfulness, Colour Index International, Colourant, Computer monitor, Copper, Cosmetics, Crimson, Diarylide pigment, Diazo, Dispersion (chemistry), Double bond, Dye, Earth pigment, Egyptian blue, Eye, Faber and Faber, Fashion, Ferrari, Fluorescence, Food, Fugitive pigment, Fungus, Fur, Gamboge, Gamma correction, Gamut, Germany, Greeks, Hair, Han purple and Han blue, HarperCollins, Hexaplex trunculus, Hue, Indian yellow, Indigo dye, Industrial Revolution, Ink, Inorganic chemistry, Insect, International Color Consortium, International Organization for Standardization, Iridescence, Iron oxide, Iron(III) oxide, Italy, Jan van Eyck, Johannes Vermeer, Lake pigment, Lapis lazuli, Lead, Lead(II,IV) oxide, Lead-tin-yellow, Light, Lightfastness, Lightness, Liquid, List of Stone Age art, Luminescence, Lusaka, Magenta, Malachite, Manganese, Manganese violet, Mango, Manufacturing, Masterbatch, Mauveine, Melanin, Mercury (element), Metamerism (color), Mexican War of Independence, Mexico, Mimicry, Mineral, Mollusca, Mucus, Munsell color system, Nanometre, Naphthol Red, Naples yellow, Neolithic, Ochre, Octopus, Opacity (optics), Organic chemistry, Organic compound, Organometallic chemistry, Paint, Paleolithic, Pantone, Paris green, Peru, Phoenicia, Phosphorescence, Photosynthesis, Phthalocyanine, Phthalocyanine Blue BN, Phthalocyanine Green G, Plastic, Powder, Precipitation (chemistry), Princeton University Press, Protist, Prussian blue, Purple, Quinacridone, RAL colour standard, Red, Reflectance, Rock art, Rose madder, Royal blue, Royal family, Rubia, Sanguine, Science History Institute, Scientific Revolution, Sexual selection, Siena, Sienna, Signalling theory, Silver, Skin, Society of Dyers and Colourists, Solubility, South America, SRGB, Staining, Standard illuminant, Subtractive color, Sulfoselenide, Sulfur, Sunburn, Sunlight, Suspension (chemistry), Textile, Theopompus, Tints and shades, Titanium, Titanium dioxide, Titanium yellow, Titanium(III) oxide, Titian, Toxicity, Transparency and translucency, Tyrian purple, Ultramarine, Umber, Umbria, United Kingdom, University of California Press, Venetian red, Verdigris, Vermilion, Visual arts, Wavelength, White, White lead, William Henry Perkin, YInMn Blue, Zambia, Zinc, Zinc chromate, Zinc ferrite, Zinc oxide. Expand index (167 more) »
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is the way in which the energy of a photon is taken up by matter, typically the electrons of an atom.
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Acetic acid
Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is a colourless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH3COOH (also written as CH3CO2H or C2H4O2).
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Acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).
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Adhesion
Adhesion is the tendency of dissimilar particles or surfaces to cling to one another (cohesion refers to the tendency of similar or identical particles/surfaces to cling to one another).
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Albinism
Albinism in humans is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes.
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Alizarin
Alizarin or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone (also known as Mordant Red 11 and Turkey Red) is an organic compound with formula that has been used throughout history as a prominent red dye, principally for dyeing textile fabrics.
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Alkali
In chemistry, an alkali (from Arabic: al-qaly “ashes of the saltwort”) is a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chemical element.
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Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.
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Aluminium powder
Aluminum powder is powdered aluminum.
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Aluminium silicate
Aluminium silicate (or aluminum silicate) is a name commonly applied to chemical compounds which are derived from aluminium oxide, Al2O3 and silicon dioxide, SiO2 which may be anhydrous or hydrated, naturally occurring as minerals or synthetic.
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American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
AATCC—the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists—is a 501(c)(6) not-for-profit professional association that provides test method development, quality control materials, educational development, and networking for textile and apparel professionals throughout the world.
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Aniline
Aniline is an organic compound with the formula C6H5NH2.
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Animal coloration
Animal coloration is the general appearance of an animal resulting from the reflection or emission of light from its surfaces.
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Aposematism
Aposematism (from Greek ἀπό apo away, σῆμα sema sign) is a term coined by Edward Bagnall PoultonPoulton, 1890.
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Aureolin
Aureolin (sometimes called Cobalt Yellow) is a pigment sparingly used in oil and watercolor painting.
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Azo dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N.
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Aztecs
The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.
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Azurite
Azurite is a soft, deep blue copper mineral produced by weathering of copper ore deposits.
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Biological pigment
Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption.
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Biology
Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their physical structure, chemical composition, function, development and evolution.
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Bloomberg Businessweek
Bloomberg Businessweek is an American weekly business magazine published by Bloomberg L.P. Businessweek was founded in 1929.
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Blue
Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.
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Bone char
Bone char (carbo animalis.) is a porous, black, granular material produced by charring animal bones.
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Butterfly
Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Cadmium
Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48.
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Cadmium pigments
Cadmium pigments are a class of pigments that have cadmium as one of the chemical components.
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Camouflage
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see (crypsis), or by disguising them as something else (mimesis).
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Caput mortuum
Caput mortuum (plural capita mortua) is a Latin term whose literal meaning is "dead head" or "worthless remains", used in alchemy and also as the name of a pigment.
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Carbon
Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.
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Carbon black
Carbon black (subtypes are acetylene black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black and thermal black) is a material produced by the incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products such as FCC tar, coal tar, ethylene cracking tar, with the addition of a small amount of vegetable oil.
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Cardinal (Catholic Church)
A cardinal (Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, considered a Prince of the Church, and usually an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Carmine
Carmine, also called cochineal, cochineal extract, crimson lake or carmine lake, natural red 4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid; it is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color.
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Cave
A cave is a hollow place in the ground, specifically a natural space large enough for a human to enter.
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Cave painting
Cave paintings, also known as parietal art, are painted drawings on cave walls or ceilings, mainly of prehistoric origin, beginning roughly 40,000 years ago (around 38,000 BCE) in Eurasia.
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Central America
Central America (América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.
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Cerulean
Cerulean, also spelled caerulean, is a colour term that may be applied to certain colours with the hue ranging roughly between blue and azure overlapping with both.
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Chameleon
Chameleons or chamaeleons (family Chamaeleonidae) are a distinctive and highly specialized clade of Old World lizards with 202 species described as of June 2015.
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Chromatophore
Chromatophores are pigment-containing and light-reflecting cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods.
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Chrome yellow
Chrome yellow is lead(II) chromate (PbCrO4).
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Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element with symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
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Chromium(III) oxide
Chromium(III) oxide (or chromia) is the inorganic compound of the formula.
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CIELAB color space
The CIELAB color space (also known as CIE L*a*b* or sometimes abbreviated as simply "Lab" color space) is a color space defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) in 1976.
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Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.
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Cobalt blue
Cobalt blue is a blue pigment made by sintering cobalt(II) oxide with alumina at 1200 °C.
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Cobalt glass
Cobalt glass—known as "smalt" when ground as a pigment—is a deep blue colored glass prepared by including a cobalt compound, typically cobalt oxide or cobalt carbonate, in a glass melt.
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Cobalt phosphate
Cobalt phosphate is the inorganic compound with the formula Co3(PO4)2.
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Cochineal
The cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) is a scale insect in the suborder Sternorrhyncha, from which the natural dye carmine is derived.
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Colophon (city)
Colophon (Κολοφών) was an ancient city in Ionia.
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Color
Color (American English) or colour (Commonwealth English) is the characteristic of human visual perception described through color categories, with names such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, or purple.
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Color management
In digital imaging systems, color management is the controlled conversion between the color representations of various devices, such as image scanners, digital cameras, monitors, TV screens, film printers, computer printers, offset presses, and corresponding media.
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Color temperature
The color temperature of a light source is the temperature of an ideal black-body radiator that radiates light of a color comparable to that of the light source.
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Colorfulness
Colorfulness, chroma and saturation are attributes of perceived color relating to chromatic intensity.
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Colour Index International
Colour Index International is a reference database jointly maintained by the Society of Dyers and Colourists and the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists.
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Colourant
A colourant/colour additive (British spelling) or colorant/color additive (American spelling) is a substance that is added or applied in order to change the colour of a material or surface.
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Computer monitor
A computer monitor is an output device which displays information in pictorial form.
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Copper
Copper is a chemical element with symbol Cu (from cuprum) and atomic number 29.
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Cosmetics
Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance of the face or fragrance and texture of the body.
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Crimson
Crimson is a strong, red color, inclining to purple.
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Diarylide pigment
Diarylide pigments are organic compounds that are used as pigments in inks and related materials.
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Diazo
Diazo refers to a type of organic compound called diazo compound that has two linked nitrogen atoms (azo) as a terminal functional group.
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Dispersion (chemistry)
A dispersion is a system in which particles are dispersed in a continuous phase of a different composition (or state).
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Double bond
A double bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two.
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Dye
A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.
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Earth pigment
Earth pigments are naturally occurring minerals containing metal oxides, principally iron oxides and manganese oxides, that have been used since prehistoric times as pigments.
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Egyptian blue
Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate (CaCuSi4O10 or CaOCuO(SiO2)4 (calcium copper tetrasilicate)) or cuprorivaite, is a pigment used in ancient Egypt for thousands of years.
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Eye
Eyes are organs of the visual system.
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Faber and Faber
Faber and Faber Limited, often abbreviated to Faber, is an independent publishing house in the United Kingdom.
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Fashion
Fashion is a popular style, especially in clothing, footwear, lifestyle products, accessories, makeup, hairstyle and body.
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Ferrari
Ferrari N.V. is an Italian luxury sports car manufacturer based in Maranello.
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Fluorescence
Fluorescence is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.
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Food
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.
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Fugitive pigment
Fugitive pigments are impermanent pigments that lighten, darken, or otherwise change in appearance or physicality over time when exposed to certain environmental conditions, such as light, temperature, humidity, or pollution.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Fur
Fur is the hair covering of non-human mammals, particularly those mammals with extensive body hair that is soft and thick.
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Gamboge
Gamboge is a partially transparent deep saffron to mustard yellow pigment.
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Gamma correction
Gamma correction, or often simply gamma, is a nonlinear operation used to encode and decode luminance or tristimulus values in video or still image systems.
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Gamut
In color reproduction, including computer graphics and photography, the gamut, or color gamut, is a certain complete subset of colors.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.
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Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.
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Han purple and Han blue
Han purple and Han blue (also called Chinese purple and Chinese blue) are synthetic barium copper silicate pigments developed in China and used in ancient and imperial China from the Western Zhou period (1045–771 BC) until the end of the Han dynasty (circa 220 AD).
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HarperCollins
HarperCollins Publishers L.L.C. is one of the world's largest publishing companies and is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Hachette, Macmillan, Penguin Random House, and Simon & Schuster.
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Hexaplex trunculus
Hexaplex trunculus (also known as Murex trunculus, Phyllonotus trunculus, or the banded dye-murex) is a medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex shells or rock snails.
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Hue
Hue is one of the main properties (called color appearance parameters) of a color, defined technically (in the CIECAM02 model), as "the degree to which a stimulus can be described as similar to or different from stimuli that are described as red, green, blue, and yellow", (which in certain theories of color vision are called unique hues).
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Indian yellow
Indian yellow, also called euxanthin or euxanthine, is a xanthonoid.
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Indigo dye
Indigo dye is an organic compound with a distinctive blue color (see indigo).
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Ink
Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design.
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Inorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry deals with the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds.
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Insect
Insects or Insecta (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates and the largest group within the arthropod phylum.
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International Color Consortium
The International Color Consortium was formed in 1993 by eight vendors in order to create an open, vendor-neutral color management system which would function transparently across all operating systems and software packages.
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International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations.
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Iridescence
Iridescence (also known as goniochromism) is the phenomenon of certain surfaces that appear to gradually change colour as the angle of view or the angle of illumination changes.
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Iron oxide
Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen.
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Iron(III) oxide
Iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Fe2O3.
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Jan van Eyck
Jan van Eyck (before c. 1390 – 9 July 1441) was an Early Netherlandish painter active in Bruges.
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Johannes Vermeer
Johannes Vermeer (October 1632 – December 1675) was a Dutch painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle-class life.
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Lake pigment
A lake pigment is a pigment manufactured by precipitating a dye with an inert binder, or "mordant", usually a metallic salt.
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Lapis lazuli
Lapis lazuli, or lapis for short, is a deep blue metamorphic rock used as a semi-precious stone that has been prized since antiquity for its intense color.
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Lead
Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
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Lead(II,IV) oxide
Lead(II,IV) oxide, also called minium, red lead or triplumbic tetroxide, is a bright red or orange crystalline or amorphous pigment.
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Lead-tin-yellow
Lead-tin-yellow is a yellow pigment, of historical importance in oil painting, also known as the "Yellow of the Old Masters".
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Light
Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Lightfastness
Lightfastness is a property of a colourant such as dye or pigment that describes how resistant to fading it is when exposed to light.
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Lightness
In colorimetry and color theory, lightness, also known as value or tone, is a representation of variation in the perception of a color or color space's brightness.
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Liquid
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.
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List of Stone Age art
This is a descriptive list of art from the Stone Age, the period of prehistory characterised by the widespread use of stone tools.
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Luminescence
Luminescence is emission of light by a substance not resulting from heat; it is thus a form of cold-body radiation.
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Lusaka
Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia.
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Magenta
Magenta is a color that is variously defined as purplish-red, reddish-purple, purplish, or mauvish-crimson.
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Malachite
Malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral, with the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2.
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Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element with symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
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Manganese violet
Manganese violet is the inorganic compound called ammonium manganese(III) pyrophosphate.
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Mango
Mangoes are juicy stone fruit (drupe) from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus Mangifera, cultivated mostly for their edible fruit.
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Manufacturing
Manufacturing is the production of merchandise for use or sale using labour and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
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Masterbatch
Masterbatch (MB) is a solid or liquid additive for plastic used for coloring plastics (color masterbatch) or imparting other properties to plastics (additive masterbatch).
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Mauveine
Mauveine, also known as aniline purple and Perkin's mauve, was the first synthetic dye.
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Melanin
Melanin (from μέλας melas, "black, dark") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.
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Mercury (element)
Mercury is a chemical element with symbol Hg and atomic number 80.
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Metamerism (color)
In colorimetry, metamerism is a perceived matching of the colors with different (nonmatching) spectral power distributions.
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Mexican War of Independence
The Mexican War of Independence (Guerra de Independencia de México) was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain.
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Mexico
Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.
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Mimicry
In evolutionary biology, mimicry is a similarity of one organism, usually an animal, to another that has evolved because the resemblance is selectively favoured by the behaviour of a shared signal receiver that can respond to both.
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Mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring chemical compound, usually of crystalline form and not produced by life processes.
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Mollusca
Mollusca is a large phylum of invertebrate animals whose members are known as molluscs or mollusksThe formerly dominant spelling mollusk is still used in the U.S. — see the reasons given in Gary Rosenberg's.
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Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
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Munsell color system
In colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three color dimensions: hue, value (lightness), and chroma (color purity).
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Nanometre
The nanometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth (short scale) of a metre (m).
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Naphthol Red
Naphthol Red (Pigment red 170 or PR170) is an organic pigment extensively used in automotive coatings and painting.
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Naples yellow
Naples yellow, also called antimony yellow, is an inorganic pigment used paintings during 1700-1850.
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Neolithic
The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.
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Ochre
Ochre (British English) (from Greek: ὤχρα, from ὠχρός, ōkhrós, pale) or ocher (American English) is a natural clay earth pigment which is a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand.
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Octopus
The octopus (or ~) is a soft-bodied, eight-armed mollusc of the order Octopoda.
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Opacity (optics)
Opacity is the measure of impenetrability to electromagnetic or other kinds of radiation, especially visible light.
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Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
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Organic compound
In chemistry, an organic compound is generally any chemical compound that contains carbon.
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Organometallic chemistry
Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkaline, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and tin, as well.
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Paint
Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.
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Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.
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Pantone
Pantone Inc. is a U.S. corporation headquartered in Carlstadt, New Jersey.
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Paris green
Paris green (copper(II) acetate triarsenite or copper(II) acetoarsenite) is an inorganic compound.
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Peru
Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.
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Phoenicia
Phoenicia (or; from the Φοινίκη, meaning "purple country") was a thalassocratic ancient Semitic civilization that originated in the Eastern Mediterranean and in the west of the Fertile Crescent.
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Phosphorescence
Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).
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Phthalocyanine
Phthalocyanine (H2Pc) is a large, aromatic, macrocyclic, organic compound with the formula (C8H4N2)4H2 and is of theoretical or specialized interest.
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Phthalocyanine Blue BN
Phthalocyanine Blue BN, also called by many names (EINECS 205-685-1), is a bright, crystalline, synthetic blue pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes.
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Phthalocyanine Green G
Phthalocyanine green G, which has many commercial names, is a synthetic green pigment from the group of phthalocyanine dyes, a complex of copper(II) with chlorinated phthalocyanine.
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Plastic
Plastic is material consisting of any of a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic compounds that are malleable and so can be molded into solid objects.
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Powder
A powder is a dry, bulk solid composed of a large number of very fine particles that may flow freely when shaken or tilted.
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Precipitation (chemistry)
Precipitation is the creation of a solid from a solution.
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Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Protist
A protist is any eukaryotic organism that has cells with nuclei and is not an animal, plant or fungus.
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Prussian blue
Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment produced by oxidation of ferrous ferrocyanide salts.
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Purple
Purple is a color intermediate between blue and red.
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Quinacridone
Quinacridone is an organic molecule used in the formation of organic pigments.
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RAL colour standard
RAL is a colour matching system used in Europe that is created and administrated by the German RAL gGmbH (RAL non-profit LLC), which is a subsidiary of the German RAL Institute.
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Red
Red is the color at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.
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Reflectance
Reflectance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in reflecting radiant energy.
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Rock art
In archaeology, rock art is human-made markings placed on natural stone; it is largely synonymous with parietal art.
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Rose madder
Rose madder is the commercial name sometimes used to designate a red paint made from the pigment madder lake, a traditional lake pigment extracted from the common madder plant Rubia tinctorum.
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Royal blue
Royal blue is both a bright shade and a dark shade of azure blue.
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Royal family
A royal family is the immediate family of a king or queen regnant, and sometimes his or her extended family.
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Rubia
Rubia is a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family.
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Sanguine
Sanguine or red chalk is chalk of a reddish-brown colour, so called because it resembles the colour of dried blood.
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Science History Institute
The Science History Institute is an institution that preserves and promotes understanding of the history of science.
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Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
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Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).
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Siena
Siena (in English sometimes spelled Sienna; Sena Iulia) is a city in Tuscany, Italy.
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Sienna
Sienna (from terra di Siena, "Siena earth") is an earth pigment containing iron oxide and manganese oxide.
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Signalling theory
Within evolutionary biology, signalling theory is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species.
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Silver
Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.
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Skin
Skin is the soft outer tissue covering vertebrates.
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Society of Dyers and Colourists
The Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC) is an international professional society, with headquarters in Bradford, West Yorkshire, UK, specializing in colour in all its manifestations.
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Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.
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South America
South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
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SRGB
sRGB (standard Red Green Blue) is an RGB color space that HP and Microsoft created cooperatively in 1996 to use on monitors, printers, and the Internet.
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Staining
Staining is an auxiliary technique used in microscopy to enhance contrast in the microscopic image.
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Standard illuminant
A standard illuminant is a theoretical source of visible light with a profile (its spectral power distribution) which is published.
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Subtractive color
A subtractive color model explains the mixing of a limited set of dyes, inks, paint pigments or natural colorants to create a wider range of colors, each the result of partially or completely subtracting (that is, absorbing) some wavelengths of light and not others.
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Sulfoselenide
In chemistry, a sulfoselenide is a compound containing both metal sulfides and metal selenides.
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Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.
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Sunburn
Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, commonly from the sun.
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Sunlight
Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.
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Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation.
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Textile
A textile is a flexible material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres (yarn or thread).
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Theopompus
Theopompus (Θεόπομπος; c. 380 BC – c. 315 BC) was a Greek historian and rhetorician.
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Tints and shades
In color theory, a tint is the mixture of a color with white, which increases lightness, while a shade with black, which reduces lightness.
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Titanium
Titanium is a chemical element with symbol Ti and atomic number 22.
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Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula.
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Titanium yellow
Titanium yellow, also nickel antimony titanium yellow, nickel antimony titanium yellow rutile, CI Pigment Yellow 53, or C.I. 77788, is a yellow pigment with the chemical composition of NiO·Sb2O3·20TiO2.
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Titanium(III) oxide
Titanium(III) oxide (Ti2O3) is a chemical compound of titanium and oxygen.
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Titian
Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio (1488/1490 – 27 August 1576), known in English as Titian, was an Italian painter, the most important member of the 16th-century Venetian school.
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Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.
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Transparency and translucency
In the field of optics, transparency (also called pellucidity or diaphaneity) is the physical property of allowing light to pass through the material without being scattered.
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Tyrian purple
Tyrian purple (Greek, πορφύρα, porphyra, purpura), also known as Tyrian red, Phoenician purple, royal purple, imperial purple or imperial dye, is a reddish-purple natural dye.
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Ultramarine
Ultramarine is a deep blue color and a pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder.
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Umber
Umber is a natural brown or reddish-brown earth pigment that contains iron oxide and manganese oxide.
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Umbria
Umbria is a region of central Italy.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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University of California Press
University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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Venetian red
Venetian red is a light and warm (somewhat unsaturated) pigment that is a darker shade of scarlet, derived from nearly pure ferric oxide (Fe2O3) of the hematite type.
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Verdigris
Verdigris is the common name for a green pigment obtained through the application of acetic acid to copper plates or the natural patina formed when copper, brass or bronze is weathered and exposed to air or seawater over a period of time.
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Vermilion
Vermilion (sometimes spelled vermillion) is both a brilliant red or scarlet pigment originally made from the powdered mineral cinnabar and the name of the resulting color.
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Visual arts
The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture.
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Wavelength
In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
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White
White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue), because it fully reflects and scatters all the visible wavelengths of light.
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White lead
White lead is the basic lead carbonate, 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2.
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William Henry Perkin
Sir William Henry Perkin, FRS (12 March 1838 – 14 July 1907) was a British chemist and entrepreneur best known for his serendipitous discovery of the first synthetic organic dye, mauveine, made from aniline.
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YInMn Blue
YInMn Blue (for yttrium, indium, manganese) is an inorganic blue pigment that was accidentally discovered by Professor Mas Subramanian and his then graduate student Andrew E. Smith at Oregon State University in 2009.
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Zambia
Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country in south-central Africa, (although some sources prefer to consider it part of the region of east Africa) neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
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Zinc chromate
Zinc chromate, ZnCrO4, is a chemical compound containing the chromate anion, appearing as odorless yellow powder or yellow-green crystals, but, when used for coatings, pigments are often added.
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Zinc ferrite
Zinc ferrites are a series of synthetic inorganic compounds of zinc and iron (ferrite) with the general formula of ZnxFe3−xO4.
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Zinc oxide
Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula ZnO.
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Lake (dyeing), Natural pigment, Paint colour, Paint colours, Paint pigment, Pigment (material), Pigmentation, Pigments, Pigments, biological, Synthetic pigment.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigment
