Table of Contents
372 relations: Abdomen, Alloparenting, Alternative mating strategy, Anatomical terms of location, Ancient Rome, Animal coat, Animal migration, Antarctic fur seal, Aorta, Appendix (anatomy), Aquatic feeding mechanisms, Arctic sea ice decline, Arctocephalus, Arctocephalus forsteri, Arrector pili muscle, Atlantic Ocean, Auricle (anatomy), Australian sea lion, Baikal seal, Bark (sound), Basal (phylogenetics), Bear, Bearded seal, Benthic zone, Bird vocalization, Bivalvia, Blood pressure, Blood volume, Blubber, Bonneville Dam, Brackish water, Bronchiole, Bronchus, Brown fur seal, Brown hyena, Buccaneer, Bycatch, Calcaneus, California, California sea lion, Canidae, Caniformia, Canine tooth, Caribbean monk seal, Carnassial, Carnivora, Carnivore, Cartilage, Caspian Sea, Caspian seal, ... Expand index (322 more) »
- Extant Chattian first appearances
- Pinnipeds
- Predators
Abdomen
The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates.
Alloparenting
Alloparenting (also referred to as alloparental care) is a term used to classify any form of parental care provided by an individual towards young that are not its own direct offspring.
See Pinniped and Alloparenting
Alternative mating strategy
An alternative mating strategy is a strategy used by male or female animals, often with distinct phenotypes, that differs from the prevailing mating strategy of their sex.
See Pinniped and Alternative mating strategy
Anatomical terms of location
Standard anatomical terms of location are used to unambiguously describe the anatomy of animals, including humans.
See Pinniped and Anatomical terms of location
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Animal coat
Coat is the nature and quality of a mammal's fur.
Animal migration
Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individual animals, usually on a seasonal basis.
See Pinniped and Animal migration
Antarctic fur seal
The Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella) is one of eight seals in the genus Arctocephalus, and one of nine fur seals in the subfamily Arctocephalinae.
See Pinniped and Antarctic fur seal
Aorta
The aorta (aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries).
Appendix (anatomy)
The appendix (appendices or appendixes; also vermiform appendix; cecal (or caecal, cæcal) appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a finger-like, blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops in the embryo.
See Pinniped and Appendix (anatomy)
Aquatic feeding mechanisms
Aquatic feeding mechanisms face a special difficulty as compared to feeding on land, because the density of water is about the same as that of the prey, so the prey tends to be pushed away when the mouth is closed.
See Pinniped and Aquatic feeding mechanisms
Arctic sea ice decline
Sea ice in the Arctic region has declined in recent decades in area and volume due to climate change.
See Pinniped and Arctic sea ice decline
Arctocephalus
The genus Arctocephalus consists of the southern fur seals.
See Pinniped and Arctocephalus
Arctocephalus forsteri
Arctocephalus forsteri (common names include the Australasian fur seal, South Australian fur seal, New Zealand fur seal, Antipodean fur seal, or long-nosed fur seal) is a species of fur seal found mainly around southern Australia and New Zealand.
See Pinniped and Arctocephalus forsteri
Arrector pili muscle
The arrector pili muscles, also known as hair erector muscles, are small muscles attached to hair follicles in mammals.
See Pinniped and Arrector pili muscle
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.
See Pinniped and Atlantic Ocean
Auricle (anatomy)
The auricle or auricula is the visible part of the ear that is outside the head.
See Pinniped and Auricle (anatomy)
Australian sea lion
The Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea), also known as the Australian sea-lion or Australian sealion, is a species of sea lion that is the only endemic pinniped in Australia.
See Pinniped and Australian sea lion
Baikal seal
The Baikal seal, Lake Baikal seal or (Pusa sibirica) is a species of earless seal endemic to Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia.
Bark (sound)
A bark is a sound most often produced by dogs.
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
See Pinniped and Basal (phylogenetics)
Bear
Bears are carnivoran mammals of the family Ursidae. Pinniped and Bear are predators.
Bearded seal
The bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus), also called the square flipper seal, is a medium-sized pinniped that is found in and near to the Arctic Ocean.
Benthic zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs.
See Pinniped and Bird vocalization
Bivalvia
Bivalvia, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts.
Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.
See Pinniped and Blood pressure
Blood volume
Blood volume (volemia) is the volume of blood (blood cells and plasma) in the circulatory system of any individual.
Blubber
Blubber is a thick layer of vascularized adipose tissue under the skin of all cetaceans, pinnipeds, penguins, and sirenians.
Bonneville Dam
Bonneville Lock and Dam consists of several run-of-the-river dam structures that together complete a span of the Columbia River between the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington at River Mile 146.1.
See Pinniped and Bonneville Dam
Brackish water
Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater.
See Pinniped and Brackish water
Bronchiole
The bronchioles or bronchioli (pronounced bron-kee-oh-lee) are the smaller branches of the bronchial airways in the lower respiratory tract.
Bronchus
A bronchus (bronchi) is a passage or airway in the lower respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
Brown fur seal
The brown fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus), also known as the Cape fur seal, and Afro-Australian fur seal, is a species of fur seal.
See Pinniped and Brown fur seal
Brown hyena
The brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea), also called strandwolf, is a species of hyena found in Namibia, Botswana, western and southern Zimbabwe, southern Mozambique and South Africa.
Buccaneer
Buccaneers were a kind of privateer or free sailors particular to the Caribbean Sea during the 17th and 18th centuries.
Bycatch
Bycatch (or by-catch), in the fishing industry, is a fish or other marine species that is caught unintentionally while fishing for specific species or sizes of wildlife.
Calcaneus
In humans and many other primates, the calcaneus (from the Latin calcaneus or calcaneum, meaning heel;: calcanei or calcanea) or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the heel.
California
California is a state in the Western United States, lying on the American Pacific Coast.
California sea lion
The California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) is a coastal eared seal native to western North America.
See Pinniped and California sea lion
Canidae
Canidae (from Latin, canis, "dog") is a biological family of dog-like carnivorans, colloquially referred to as dogs, and constitutes a clade.
Caniformia
Caniformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "dog-like" carnivorans.
Canine tooth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth.
Caribbean monk seal
The Caribbean monk seal (Neomonachus tropicalis), also known as the West Indian seal or sea wolf, is an extinct species of seal native to the Caribbean.
See Pinniped and Caribbean monk seal
Carnassial
Carnassials are paired upper and lower teeth modified in such a way as to allow enlarged and often self-sharpening edges to pass by each other in a shearing manner.
Carnivora
Carnivora is an order of placental mammals that have specialized in primarily eating flesh, whose members are formally referred to as carnivorans.
Carnivore
A carnivore, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements are met by the consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) whether through hunting or scavenging.
Cartilage
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth type of connective tissue.
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, often described as the world's largest lake and sometimes referred to as a full-fledged sea.
Caspian seal
The Caspian seal (Pusa caspica, syn. Phoca caspica) is one of the smallest members of the earless seal family and unique in that it is found exclusively in the brackish Caspian Sea.
Cecum
The cecum or caecum is a pouch within the peritoneum that is considered to be the beginning of the large intestine.
Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.
Central American Seaway
The Central American Seaway (also known as the Panamanic Seaway, Inter-American Seaway and Proto-Caribbean Seaway) was a body of water that once separated North America from South America.
See Pinniped and Central American Seaway
Cephalopod
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural κεφαλόποδες,; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus.
Cetacea
Cetacea is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises.
Chattian
The Chattian is, in the geologic timescale, the younger of two ages or upper of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch/Series.
Chirp
A chirp is a signal in which the frequency increases (up-chirp) or decreases (down-chirp) with time.
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
See Pinniped and Christopher Columbus
Circulatory system
The circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.
See Pinniped and Circulatory system
Circumpolar peoples
Circumpolar peoples and Arctic peoples are umbrella terms for the various indigenous peoples of the Arctic region.
See Pinniped and Circumpolar peoples
Clade
In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.
Cladogenesis
Cladogenesis is an evolutionary splitting of a parent species into two distinct species, forming a clade.
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.
Clamp (tool)
A clamp is a fastening device used to hold or secure objects tightly together to prevent movement or separation through the application of inward pressure.
Climate change
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.
See Pinniped and Climate change
Coast
A coastalso called the coastline, shoreline, or seashoreis the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.
Color vision
Color vision, a feature of visual perception, is an ability to perceive differences between light composed of different frequencies independently of light intensity.
Commercial fishing
Commercial fishing is the activity of catching fish and other seafood for commercial profit, mostly from wild fisheries.
See Pinniped and Commercial fishing
Cone cell
Cone cells or cones are photoreceptor cells in the retinas of vertebrates' eyes.
Contact call
Contact calls are seemingly haphazard sounds made by many social animals (such as a chicken's cluck).
Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS) is part of the Antarctic Treaty System.
See Pinniped and Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals
Copulation (zoology)
In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body, especially directly into her reproductive tract.
See Pinniped and Copulation (zoology)
Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
Corneal epithelium
The corneal epithelium (epithelium corneae anterior layer) is made up of epithelial tissue and covers the front of the cornea.
See Pinniped and Corneal epithelium
Cougar
The cougar (Puma concolor) (KOO-gər), also known as the panther, mountain lion, catamount and puma, is a large cat native to the Americas.
Countercurrent exchange
Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering, in which there is a crossover of some property, usually heat or some chemical, between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other.
See Pinniped and Countercurrent exchange
Countershading
Countershading, or Thayer's law, is a method of camouflage in which an animal's coloration is darker on the top or upper side and lighter on the underside of the body.
See Pinniped and Countershading
Courtship display
A courtship display is a set of display behaviors in which an animal, usually a male, attempts to attract a mate; the mate exercises choice, so sexual selection acts on the display.
See Pinniped and Courtship display
Crabeater seal
The crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), also known as the krill-eater seal, is a true seal with a circumpolar distribution around the coast of Antarctica.
See Pinniped and Crabeater seal
Crevasse
A crevasse is a deep crack that forms in a glacier or ice sheet.
Crustacean
Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that are a part of the subphylum Crustacea, a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, opossum shrimps, amphipods and mantis shrimp.
Culling
Culling is the process of segregating organisms from a group according to desired or undesired characteristics.
Dear enemy effect
The dear enemy effect or dear enemy recognition is an ethological phenomenon in which two neighbouring territorial animals become less aggressive toward one another once territorial borders are well established.
See Pinniped and Dear enemy effect
Decompression sickness
Decompression sickness (DCS; also called divers' disease, the bends, aerobullosis, and caisson disease) is a medical condition caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution as bubbles inside the body tissues during decompression.
See Pinniped and Decompression sickness
Desmatophocidae
Desmatophocidae is an extinct family of pinnipeds closely related to the eared seals and walruses.
See Pinniped and Desmatophocidae
Dialect
Dialect (from Latin,, from the Ancient Greek word, 'discourse', from, 'through' and, 'I speak') refers to two distinctly different types of linguistic relationships.
Dolphin
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the clade Odontoceti (toothed whale).
Dominance hierarchy
In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system.
See Pinniped and Dominance hierarchy
Drag (physics)
In fluid dynamics, drag, sometimes referred to as fluid resistance, is a force acting opposite to the relative motion of any object, moving with respect to a surrounding fluid.
See Pinniped and Drag (physics)
Drift ice
Drift ice, also called brash ice, is sea ice that is not attached to the shoreline or any other fixed object (shoals, grounded icebergs, etc.).Leppäranta, M. 2011.
Ear clearing
Ear clearing, clearing the ears or equalization is any of various maneuvers to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the outside pressure, by letting air enter along the Eustachian tubes, as this does not always happen automatically when the pressure in the middle ear is lower than the outside pressure.
Eared seal
An eared seal, otariid, or otary is any member of the marine mammal family Otariidae, one of three groupings of pinnipeds. Pinniped and eared seal are pinnipeds.
Earless seal
The earless seals, phocids, or true seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal lineage, Pinnipedia. Pinniped and earless seal are pinnipeds.
Early Miocene
The Early Miocene (also known as Lower Miocene) is a sub-epoch of the Miocene Epoch made up of two stages: the Aquitanian and Burdigalian stages.
See Pinniped and Early Miocene
Earth's magnetic field
Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun.
See Pinniped and Earth's magnetic field
Effects of climate change on oceans
There are many effects of climate change on oceans.
See Pinniped and Effects of climate change on oceans
Elephant seal
Elephant seals or sea elephants are very large, oceangoing earless seals in the genus Mirounga.
See Pinniped and Elephant seal
Embryo
An embryo is the initial stage of development for a multicellular organism.
Embryonic diapause
Embryonic diapause (delayed implantation in mammals) is a reproductive strategy used by a number of animal species across different biological classes.
See Pinniped and Embryonic diapause
Endangered species
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction.
See Pinniped and Endangered species
Endotherm
An endotherm (from Greek ἔνδον endon "within" and θέρμη thermē "heat") is an organism that maintains its body at a metabolically favorable temperature, largely by the use of heat released by its internal bodily functions instead of relying almost purely on ambient heat.
Eocene
The Eocene is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma).
Epipterygoid
The epipterygoid is a paired cranial bone present in many tetrapods.
Equidistant
A point is said to be equidistant from a set of objects if the distances between that point and each object in the set are equal.
Estrous cycle
The estrous cycle (originally) is a set of recurring physiological changes induced by reproductive hormones in females of mammalian subclass Theria.
See Pinniped and Estrous cycle
Extraocular muscles
The extraocular muscles, or extrinsic ocular muscles, are the seven extrinsic muscles of the eye in humans and other animals.
See Pinniped and Extraocular muscles
Family (biology)
Family (familia,: familiae) is one of the nine major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
See Pinniped and Family (biology)
Fast ice
Fast ice (also called land-fast ice, landfast ice, and shore-fast ice) is sea ice that is "fastened" to the coastline, to the sea floor along shoals, or to grounded icebergs.
Fasting
Fasting is abstention from eating and sometimes drinking.
Fat
In nutrition, biology, and chemistry, fat usually means any ester of fatty acids, or a mixture of such compounds, most commonly those that occur in living beings or in food.
See Pinniped and Fat
Filter feeder
Filter feeders are aquatic animals that acquire nutrients by feeding on organic matters, food particles or smaller organisms (bacteria, microalgae and zooplanktons) suspended in water, typically by having the water pass over or through a specialized filtering organ.
See Pinniped and Filter feeder
Fin
A fin is a thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure.
See Pinniped and Fin
Fishing net
A fishing net is a net used for fishing.
Flipper (anatomy)
A flipper is a broad, flattened limb adapted for aquatic locomotion.
See Pinniped and Flipper (anatomy)
Food chain
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice), or decomposer (such as fungi or bacteria).
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton (16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911) was a British polymath and the originator of the behavioral genetics movement during the Victorian era.
See Pinniped and Francis Galton
Freshwater seal
Freshwater seals are pinnipeds which live in freshwater bodies. Pinniped and freshwater seal are pinnipeds.
See Pinniped and Freshwater seal
Frontal bone
In the human skull, the frontal bone or sincipital bone is a unpaired bone which consists of two portions.
Fur clothing
Fur clothing is clothing made from the preserved skins of mammals.
Fur seal
Fur seals are any of nine species of pinnipeds belonging to the subfamily Arctocephalinae in the family Otariidae. Pinniped and Fur seal are pinnipeds.
Galápagos fur seal
The Galápagos fur seal (Arctocephalus galapagoensis) is one of eight seals in the genus Arctocephalus.
See Pinniped and Galápagos fur seal
Galápagos sea lion
The Galápagos sea lion (Zalophus wollebaeki) is a species of sea lion that lives and breeds on the Galápagos Islands and, in smaller numbers, on Isla de la Plata (Ecuador).
See Pinniped and Galápagos sea lion
Gastrointestinal cancer
Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
See Pinniped and Gastrointestinal cancer
Gastrolith
A gastrolith, also called a stomach stone or gizzard stone, is a rock held inside a gastrointestinal tract.
Generalist and specialist species
A generalist species is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions and can make use of a variety of different resources (for example, a heterotroph with a varied diet).
See Pinniped and Generalist and specialist species
Genus
Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.
Georges Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology".
See Pinniped and Georges Cuvier
Gestation
Gestation is the period of development during the carrying of an embryo, and later fetus, inside viviparous animals (the embryo develops within the parent).
Gillnetting
Gillnetting is a fishing method that uses gillnets: vertical panels of netting that hang from a line with regularly spaced floaters that hold the line on the surface of the water.
Gomphotaria
Gomphotaria is a genus of very large shellfish-eating dusignathine walrus found along the coast of what is now California, during the late Miocene.
Gong
A gongFrom Indonesian and gong; ꦒꦺꦴꦁ gong; p; どら|dora; គង kong; ฆ้อง khong; cồng chiêng; কাঁহ kãh is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia.
Great white shark
The great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias), also known as the white shark, white pointer, or simply great white, is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans.
See Pinniped and Great white shark
Grey seal
The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) is a large seal of the family Phocidae, which are commonly referred to as "true seals" or "earless seals".
Growling
Growling is a low, guttural vocalization produced by animals as an aggressive warning but can also be found in other contexts such as playful behaviors or mating.
Growth rate (group theory)
In the mathematical subject of geometric group theory, the growth rate of a group with respect to a symmetric generating set describes how fast a group grows.
See Pinniped and Growth rate (group theory)
Guadalupe fur seal
The Guadalupe fur seal (Arctocephalus townsendi) is one of eight members of the fur seal genus Arctocephalus.
See Pinniped and Guadalupe fur seal
Guadalupe Island
Guadalupe Island (Isla Guadalupe) is a volcanic island located off the western coast of Mexico's Baja California Peninsula and about southwest of the city of Ensenada in the state of Baja California, in the Pacific Ocean.
See Pinniped and Guadalupe Island
Guard hair
Guard hair or overhair is the outer layer of hair of most mammals, which overlay the fur.
Habitat destruction
Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species.
See Pinniped and Habitat destruction
Harbor seal
The harbor (or harbour) seal (Phoca vitulina), also known as the common seal, is a true seal found along temperate and Arctic marine coastlines of the Northern Hemisphere.
Harem (zoology)
A harem is an animal group consisting of one or two males, a number of females, and their offspring.
See Pinniped and Harem (zoology)
Harp seal
The harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), also known as Saddleback Seal or Greenland Seal, is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean.
Hauling-out
Hauling out is a behaviour associated with pinnipeds (true seals, sea lions, fur seals and walruses) temporarily leaving the water. Pinniped and Hauling-out are pinnipeds.
Hawaiian monk seal
The Hawaiian monk seal (Neomonachus schauinslandi) is an endangered species of earless seal in the family Phocidae that is endemic to the Hawaiian Islands.
See Pinniped and Hawaiian monk seal
Hebrides
The Hebrides (Innse Gall,; Southern isles) are an archipelago off the west coast of the Scottish mainland.
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (haemoglobin, Hb or Hgb) is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cells.
Hertz
The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.
Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.
Homer
Homer (Ὅμηρος,; born) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.
Hooded seal
The hooded seal (Cystophora cristata) is a large phocid found only in the central and western North Atlantic, ranging from Svalbard in the east to the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the west.
Hoover (seal)
Hoover (– July 25, 1985) was a harbor seal who was able to imitate basic human speech.
See Pinniped and Hoover (seal)
Humane Society of the United States
The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) is an American nonprofit organization that focuses on animal welfare and opposes animal-related cruelties of national scope.
See Pinniped and Humane Society of the United States
Ice seal
Ice seal, or (in the Southern Hemisphere) pack-ice seal is a general term applied to any one of a number of pinniped species of the family Phocidae whose life cycle is completed largely on or about the sea ice of the Earth's polar regions.
Identification key
In biology, an identification key, taxonomic key, or biological key is a printed or computer-aided device that aids the identification of biological entities, such as plants, animals, fossils, microorganisms, and pollen grains.
See Pinniped and Identification key
Ilium (bone)
The ilium (ilia) is the uppermost and largest region of the coxal bone, and appears in most vertebrates including mammals and birds, but not bony fish.
Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms.
See Pinniped and Indomalayan realm
Infrasound
Infrasound, sometimes referred to as low frequency sound, describes sound waves with a frequency below the lower limit of human audibility (generally 20 Hz, as defined by the ANSI/ASA S1.1-2013 standard).
International Union for Conservation of Nature
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is an international organization working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
See Pinniped and International Union for Conservation of Nature
Inuit religion
Inuit religion is the shared spiritual beliefs and practices of the Inuit, an indigenous people from Alaska, northern Canada, parts of Siberia, and Greenland.
See Pinniped and Inuit religion
Iris (anatomy)
The iris (irides or irises) is a thin, annular structure in the eye in most mammals and birds, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil, and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.
See Pinniped and Iris (anatomy)
Iris dilator muscle
The iris dilator muscle (pupil dilator muscle, pupillary dilator, radial muscle of iris, radiating fibers), is a smooth muscle of the eye, running radially in the iris and therefore fit as a dilator.
See Pinniped and Iris dilator muscle
Island tameness
Island tameness is the tendency of many populations and species of animals living on isolated islands to lose their wariness of potential predators, particularly of large animals.
See Pinniped and Island tameness
Isurus
Isurus (meaning "equal tail") is a genus of mackerel sharks in the family Lamnidae, commonly known as the mako sharks.
Ivory
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally from elephants) and teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine, one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks.
Japanese sea lion
The Japanese sea lion (Zalophus japonicus) (translit) was an aquatic mammal that became extinct in the 1970s.
See Pinniped and Japanese sea lion
Joel Asaph Allen
Joel Asaph Allen (July 19, 1838 – August 29, 1921) was an American zoologist, mammalogist, and ornithologist.
See Pinniped and Joel Asaph Allen
Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger
Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (19 November 1775 – 10 May 1813) was a German entomologist and zoologist.
See Pinniped and Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger
Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
See Pinniped and Johns Hopkins University Press
Juan Fernández fur seal
The Juan Fernández fur seal (Arctocephalus philippii) is the second smallest of the fur seals, second only to the Galápagos fur seal.
See Pinniped and Juan Fernández fur seal
Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.
Krill
Krill (Euphausiids), (krill) are small and exclusively marine crustaceans of the order Euphausiacea, found in all the world's oceans.
Lacrimal gland
The lacrimal glands are paired exocrine glands, one for each eye, found in most terrestrial vertebrates and some marine mammals, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.
See Pinniped and Lacrimal gland
Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic acid.
Lactose
Lactose, or milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11.
Lake
A lake is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface.
Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal (Ozero Baykal; Baigal dalai) is a large rift lake in Russia.
Laminar flow
Laminar flow is the property of fluid particles in fluid dynamics to follow smooth paths in layers, with each layer moving smoothly past the adjacent layers with little or no mixing.
Lanugo
Lanugo is very thin, soft, usually unpigmented hair that is sometimes found on the body of a fetus or newborn.
Large intestine
The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in tetrapods.
See Pinniped and Large intestine
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Lek mating
A lek is an aggregation of male animals gathered to engage in competitive displays and courtship rituals, known as lekking, to entice visiting females which are surveying prospective partners with which to mate.
Lens (vertebrate anatomy)
The lens, or crystalline lens, is a transparent biconvex structure in most land vertebrate eyes.
See Pinniped and Lens (vertebrate anatomy)
Leopard seal
The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), also referred to as the sea leopard, is the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic (after the southern elephant seal).
Leptophoca
Leptophoca is an extinct genus of earless seals from the North Atlantic realm.
Lineage (evolution)
An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of populations, organisms, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendant.
See Pinniped and Lineage (evolution)
Lobodontini
The true seal tribe Lobodontini, collectively known as the Antarctic seals or lobodontin seals, consist of four species of seals in four genera: the crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophaga), the leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli), and the Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii).
Mammary gland
A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in humans and other mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.
See Pinniped and Mammary gland
Marine ecosystem
Marine ecosystems are the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems and exist in waters that have a high salt content.
See Pinniped and Marine ecosystem
Marine invertebrates
Marine invertebrates are the invertebrates that live in marine habitats.
See Pinniped and Marine invertebrates
Marine mammal
Marine mammals are mammals that rely on marine (saltwater) ecosystems for their existence.
See Pinniped and Marine mammal
Marine Mammal Protection Act
The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) was the first act of the United States Congress to call specifically for an ecosystem approach to wildlife management.
See Pinniped and Marine Mammal Protection Act
Marine pollution
Marine pollution occurs when substances used or spread by humans, such as industrial, agricultural and residential waste, particles, noise, excess carbon dioxide or invasive organisms enter the ocean and cause harmful effects there.
See Pinniped and Marine pollution
Mastoid part of the temporal bone
The mastoid part of the temporal bone is the posterior (back) part of the temporal bone, one of the bones of the skull.
See Pinniped and Mastoid part of the temporal bone
Match-to-sample task
Short-term memory for learned associations has been studied using the match-to-sample task (and the related delayed match-to-sample task, and non-match to sample task).
See Pinniped and Match-to-sample task
Mating system
A mating system is a way in which a group is structured in relation to sexual behaviour.
See Pinniped and Mating system
Maxilla
In vertebrates, the maxilla (maxillae) is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.
Mediterranean monk seal
The Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) is a monk seal belonging to the family Phocidae.
See Pinniped and Mediterranean monk seal
Military animal
Military animals are trained animals that are used in warfare and other combat related activities.
See Pinniped and Military animal
Million years ago
Million years ago, abbreviated as Mya, Myr (megayear) or Ma (megaannum), is a unit of time equal to (i.e. years), or approximately 31.6 teraseconds.
See Pinniped and Million years ago
Miosis
Miosis, or myosis, is excessive constriction of the pupil.
Modern era
The modern era or the modern period is considered the current historical period of human history.
Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth.
See Pinniped and Molar (tooth)
Molecular phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships.
See Pinniped and Molecular phylogenetics
Mollusca
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals, after Arthropoda; members are known as molluscs or mollusks.
Monachinae
Monachinae (known colloquially as "Southern seals") is a subfamily of Phocidae whose distribution is found in the tropical, temperate and polar regions of the southern hemisphere, though in the distant past fossil representatives have been found on both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean. Pinniped and Monachinae are pinnipeds.
Monk seal
Monk seals are earless seals of the tribe Monachini.
Monkey
Monkey is a common name that may refer to most mammals of the infraorder Simiiformes, also known as the simians.
Monogamy
Monogamy is a relationship of two individuals in which they form an exclusive intimate partnership.
Monograph
A monograph is a specialist written work (in contrast to reference works) or exhibition on one subject or one aspect of a usually scholarly subject, often by a single author or artist.
Monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of taxa which meets these criteria.
Monotherium
Monotherium is an extinct genus of phocid belonging to the subfamily Monachinae.
Most recent common ancestor
In biology and genetic genealogy, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA), also known as the last common ancestor (LCA), of a set of organisms is the most recent individual from which all the organisms of the set are descended.
See Pinniped and Most recent common ancestor
Moulting
In biology, moulting (British English), or molting (American English), also known as sloughing, shedding, or in many invertebrates, ecdysis, is a process by which an animal casts off parts of its body to serve some beneficial purpose, either at specific times of the year, or at specific points in its life cycle.
Mucus
Mucus is a slippery aqueous secretion produced by, and covering, mucous membranes.
Mudflat
Mudflats or mud flats, also known as tidal flats or, in Ireland, slob or slobs, are coastal wetlands that form in intertidal areas where sediments have been deposited by tides or rivers.
Muscle fascicle
A muscle fascicle is a bundle of skeletal muscle fibers surrounded by perimysium, a type of connective tissue.
See Pinniped and Muscle fascicle
Mustelidae
The Mustelidae (from Latin, weasel) are a diverse family of carnivoran mammals, including weasels, badgers, otters, polecats, martens, grisons, and wolverines.
Musteloidea
Musteloidea is a superfamily of carnivoran mammals united by shared characteristics of the skull and teeth.
Mydriasis
Mydriasis is the dilation of the pupil, usually having a non-physiological cause, or sometimes a physiological pupillary response.
Myoglobin
Myoglobin (symbol Mb or MB) is an iron- and oxygen-binding protein found in the cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue of vertebrates in general and in almost all mammals.
Myopia
Myopia, also known as near-sightedness and short-sightedness, is an eye disease where light from distant objects focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina.
Nasal bone
The nasal bones are two small oblong bones, varying in size and form in different individuals; they are placed side by side at the middle and upper part of the face and by their junction, form the bridge of the upper one third of the nose.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (abbreviated as NOAA) is a US scientific and regulatory agency charged with forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charting the seas, conducting deep-sea exploration, and managing fishing and protection of marine mammals and endangered species in the US exclusive economic zone.
See Pinniped and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Natural History (Pliny)
The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a Latin work by Pliny the Elder.
See Pinniped and Natural History (Pliny)
Naval mine
A naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to damage or destroy surface ships or submarines.
Neontology
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, deals with living (or, more generally, recent) organisms.
New Zealand sea lion
The New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri), once known as Hooker's sea lion, and as pakake (for both male and female) or whakahao (male) and kake (female) in Māori, is a species of sea lion that is endemic to New Zealand and primarily breeds on New Zealand's subantarctic Auckland and Campbell islands, and have in recent years been slowly breeding and recolonising around the coast of New Zealand's South and Stewart islands.
See Pinniped and New Zealand sea lion
Nictitating membrane
The nictitating membrane (from Latin nictare, to blink) is a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye from the medial canthus to protect and moisten it while maintaining vision.
See Pinniped and Nictitating membrane
Nitrogen narcosis
Narcosis while diving (also known as nitrogen narcosis, inert gas narcosis, raptures of the deep, Martini effect) is a reversible alteration in consciousness that occurs while diving at depth.
See Pinniped and Nitrogen narcosis
Northern elephant seal
The northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) is one of two species of elephant seal (the other is the southern elephant seal).
See Pinniped and Northern elephant seal
Northern fur seal
The northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) is an eared seal found along the north Pacific Ocean, the Bering Sea, and the Sea of Okhotsk.
See Pinniped and Northern fur seal
Ocean current
An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by a number of forces acting upon the water, including wind, the Coriolis effect, breaking waves, cabbeling, and temperature and salinity differences.
See Pinniped and Ocean current
Odobenidae
Odobenidae is a family of pinnipeds, of which the only extant species is the walrus (Odobenus rosmarus). Pinniped and Odobenidae are pinnipeds.
Odyssey
The Odyssey (Odýsseia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.
Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
Oligocene
The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain.
Orbit (anatomy)
In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket/hole of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.
See Pinniped and Orbit (anatomy)
Orca
The orca (Orcinus orca), or killer whale, is a toothed whale that is the largest member of the oceanic dolphin family.
Order (biology)
Order (ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
See Pinniped and Order (biology)
Oregon
Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States.
Orkney
Orkney (Orkney; Orkneyjar; Orknøjar), also known as the Orkney Islands (archaically "The Orkneys"), is an archipelago off the north coast of Scotland.
Otarioidea
Otarioidea is a superfamily of pinnipeds that includes the families Odobenidae, Otariidae and their stem-relatives. Pinniped and Otarioidea are pinnipeds.
Overexploitation
Overexploitation, also called overharvesting, refers to harvesting a renewable resource to the point of diminishing returns.
See Pinniped and Overexploitation
Oxygen toxicity
Oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen at increased partial pressures.
See Pinniped and Oxygen toxicity
Pachyostosis
Pachyostosis is a non-pathological condition in vertebrate animals in which the bones experience a thickening, generally caused by extra layers of lamellar bone.
Pack hunter
A pack hunter or social predator is a predatory animal which hunts its prey by working together with other members of its species.
Pagophily
Pagophily or pagophilia is the preference or dependence on water ice for some or all activities and functions.
Panniculus adiposus
The panniculus adiposus is the fatty layer of the subcutaneous tissues, superficial to a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus.
See Pinniped and Panniculus adiposus
Parrot
Parrots (Psittaciformes), also known as psittacines, are birds with a strong curved beak, upright stance, and clawed feet.
Pebble
A pebble is a clast of rock with a particle size of based on the Udden-Wentworth scale of sedimentology.
Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth.
Penguin
Penguins are a group of aquatic flightless birds from the family Spheniscidae of the order Sphenisciformes.
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is an American animal rights nonprofit organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.
See Pinniped and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf (Fars), sometimes called the (Al-Khalīj al-ˁArabī), is a mediterranean sea in West Asia.
Persistent organic pollutant
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes.
See Pinniped and Persistent organic pollutant
Philopatry
Philopatry is the tendency of an organism to stay in or habitually return to a particular area.
Phocinae
Phocinae (known colloquially as "Northern seals") is a subfamily of Phocidae whose distribution is found in the seas surrounding the Holarctic, with the Baikal seal (Pusa sibirica) being the world's only freshwater species of pinniped. Pinniped and Phocinae are pinnipeds.
Photokeratitis
Photokeratitis or ultraviolet keratitis is a painful eye condition caused by exposure of insufficiently protected eyes to the ultraviolet (UV) rays from either natural (e.g. intense direct or reflected sunlight) or artificial (e.g. the electric arc during welding) sources.
See Pinniped and Photokeratitis
Pinnipedimorpha
Pinnipedimorpha is a clade of arctoid carnivorans that is defined to include the last common ancestor of Phoca and Enaliarctos, and all descendants of that ancestor.
See Pinniped and Pinnipedimorpha
Pleistocene
The Pleistocene (often referred to colloquially as the Ice Age) is the geological epoch that lasted from to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations.
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.
See Pinniped and Pliny the Elder
Polar bear
The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) is a large bear native to the Arctic and nearby areas.
Polygyny in animals
Polygyny (from Neo-Greek) is a mating system in which one male lives and mates with multiple females but each female only mates with a few males.
See Pinniped and Polygyny in animals
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor.
Pontolis
Pontolis is an extinct genus of large walrus. It contained three species, P. magnus, P. barroni, and P. kohnoi. Like all pinnipeds, Pontolis was a heavily built amphibious carnivore. Pontolis lived along the Pacific coast of North America along what is now the western coasts of California and Oregon between 11.608 and 5.332 million years ago, during the Miocene and Pliocene.
Population bottleneck
A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts; or human activities such as genocide, speciocide, widespread violence or intentional culling.
See Pinniped and Population bottleneck
Potamotherium
Potamotherium ('river beast') an extinct genus of caniform carnivoran from the Miocene epoch of France and Germany.
See Pinniped and Potamotherium
Precociality and altriciality
Precocial species in birds and mammals are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching.
See Pinniped and Precociality and altriciality
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.
Premolar
The premolars, also called premolar teeth, or bicuspids, are transitional teeth located between the canine and molar teeth.
Pressure ridge (ice)
A pressure ridge, when consisting of ice in an oceanic or coastal environment, is a linear pile-up of sea ice fragments formed in pack ice by accumulation in the convergence between floes.
See Pinniped and Pressure ridge (ice)
Proboscis
A proboscis is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate.
Procyonidae
Procyonidae is a New World family of the order Carnivora.
Proneotherium
Proneotherium is an extinct genus of pinniped that lived approximately 20.43 to 15.97 mya during the Early Miocene in what is now Oregon, U.S. It belonged to the family Odobenidae, the only extant species of which is the walrus.
See Pinniped and Proneotherium
Proteus
In Greek mythology, Proteus (Prōteús) is an early prophetic sea god or god of rivers and oceanic bodies of water, one of several deities whom Homer calls the "Old Man of the Sea" (hálios gérôn).
Proto-Germanic language
Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Pinniped and Proto-Germanic language
Prototaria
Prototaria is an extinct genus of pinniped that lived approximately 15.97 to 13.65 mya during the Middle Miocene in what is now Japan.
Pteronarctos
Pteronarctos is a genus of basal pinnipediform from middle Miocene marine deposits in Oregon.
Puijila
Puijila darwini is an extinct species of stem-pinniped which lived during the Miocene epoch about 21 to 24 million years ago.
Pulmonary alveolus
A pulmonary alveolus (alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity"), also known as an air sac or air space, is one of millions of hollow, distensible cup-shaped cavities in the lungs where pulmonary gas exchange takes place.
See Pinniped and Pulmonary alveolus
Rebun Island
is an island in the Sea of Japan off the northwestern tip of Hokkaidō, Japan.
Red panda
The red panda (Ailurus fulgens), also known as the lesser panda, is a small mammal native to the eastern Himalayas and southwestern China.
Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another.
Reniculate kidney
The reniculate kidney is a multilobed kidney found in marine and aquatic mammals such as pinnipeds (seals, sea lions and walruses) and cetaceans (dolphins and whales) but absent in terrestrial mammals except bears.
See Pinniped and Reniculate kidney
Reproductive success
Reproductive success is an individual's production of offspring per breeding event or lifetime.
See Pinniped and Reproductive success
Rete mirabile
A rete mirabile (Latin for "wonderful net";: retia mirabilia) is a complex of arteries and veins lying very close to each other, found in some vertebrates, mainly warm-blooded ones.
See Pinniped and Rete mirabile
Retina
The retina (or retinas) is the innermost, light-sensitive layer of tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.
Ribbon seal
The ribbon seal (Histriophoca fasciata) is a medium-sized pinniped from the true seal family (Phocidae).
Ringed seal
The ringed seal (Pusa hispida) is an earless seal inhabiting the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions.
River
A river is a natural flowing freshwater stream, flowing on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.
Roar (vocalization)
A roar is a type of animal vocalization that is loud, deep and resonating.
See Pinniped and Roar (vocalization)
Rocky shore
A rocky shore is an intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates.
Rod cell
Rod cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in lower light better than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells.
Rodent
Rodents (from Latin rodere, 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.
Ross seal
The Ross seal (Ommatophoca rossii) is a true seal (family Phocidae) with a range confined entirely to the pack ice of Antarctica.
Rowing (sport)
Rowing, often called crew in the United States, is the sport of racing boats using oars.
See Pinniped and Rowing (sport)
Sagittal crest
A sagittal crest is a ridge of bone running lengthwise along the midline of the top of the skull (at the sagittal suture) of many mammalian and reptilian skulls, among others.
See Pinniped and Sagittal crest
Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane (also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections.
See Pinniped and Sagittal plane
Salmon run
before tagging and releasing them --> A salmon run is an annual fish migration event where many salmonid species, which are typically hatched in fresh water and live most of the adult life downstream in the ocean, swim back against the stream to the upper reaches of rivers to spawn on the gravel beds of small creeks.
Sclera
The sclera, also known as the white of the eye or, in older literature, as the tunica albuginea oculi, is the opaque, fibrous, protective outer layer of the eye containing mainly collagen and some crucial elastic fiber.
Sea cave
A sea cave, is also known as a littoral cave, a type of cave formed primarily by the wave action of the sea.
Sea lion
Sea lions are pinnipeds characterized by external ear flaps, long foreflippers, the ability to walk on all fours, short and thick hair, and a big chest and belly.
Sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the temperature of ocean water close to the surface.
See Pinniped and Sea surface temperature
Sea turtle
Sea turtles (superfamily Chelonioidea), sometimes called marine turtles, are reptiles of the order Testudines and of the suborder Cryptodira.
Seabird
Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment.
Seal hunting
Seal hunting, or sealing, is the personal or commercial hunting of seals. Pinniped and seal hunting are pinnipeds.
Secondary sex characteristic
A secondary sex characteristic is a physical characteristic of an organism that is related to or derived from its sex, but not directly part of its reproductive system.
See Pinniped and Secondary sex characteristic
Sedentary lifestyle
Sedentary lifestyle is a lifestyle type, in which one is physically inactive and does little or no physical movement and/or exercise.
See Pinniped and Sedentary lifestyle
Sedna (mythology)
Sedna (Sanna, previously Sedna or Sidne) is the goddess of the sea and marine animals in Inuit mythology, also known as the Mother of the Sea or Mistress of the Sea.
See Pinniped and Sedna (mythology)
Seine fishing
Seine fishing (or seine-haul fishing) is a method of fishing that employs a surrounding net, called a seine, that hangs vertically in the water with its bottom edge held down by weights and its top edge buoyed by floats.
See Pinniped and Seine fishing
Selkie
Selkies are mythological creatures that can shapeshift between seal and human forms by removing or putting on their seal skin.
Semantics
Semantics is the study of linguistic meaning.
Semiaquatic
In biology, being semi-aquatic refers to various macroorganisms that live regularly in both aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Serranilla Bank
Serranilla Bank (Isla Serranilla, Banco Serranilla and Placer de la Serranilla) is a partially submerged reef, with small uninhabited islets, in the western Caribbean Sea.
See Pinniped and Serranilla Bank
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.
See Pinniped and Sexual dimorphism
Sexual maturity
Sexual maturity is the capability of an organism to reproduce.
See Pinniped and Sexual maturity
Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head. Pinniped and Shark are predators.
Shoal
In oceanography, geomorphology, and geoscience, a shoal is a natural submerged ridge, bank, or bar that consists of, or is covered by, sand or other unconsolidated material, and rises from the bed of a body of water close to the surface or above it, which poses a danger to navigation.
Sign language
Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning, instead of spoken words.
See Pinniped and Sign language
Sinus (anatomy)
A sinus is a sac or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage.
See Pinniped and Sinus (anatomy)
Sister group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
Skunk
Skunks are mammals in the family Mephitidae.
Small intestine
The small intestine or small bowel is an organ in the gastrointestinal tract where most of the absorption of nutrients from food takes place.
See Pinniped and Small intestine
Smooth muscle
Smooth (soft) muscle is one of the three major types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being skeletal and cardiac muscle.
See Pinniped and Smooth muscle
Somatosensory system
The somatosensory system is a subset of the sensory nervous system responsible for the perception of touch.
See Pinniped and Somatosensory system
South American fur seal
The South American fur seal (Arctocephalus australis) breeds on the coasts of Peru, Chile, the Falkland Islands, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.
See Pinniped and South American fur seal
South American sea lion
The South American sea lion (Otaria flavescens, formerly Otaria byronia), also called the southern sea lion and the Patagonian sea lion, is a sea lion found on the western and southeastern coasts of South America.
See Pinniped and South American sea lion
South Georgia
South Georgia is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. Pinniped and South Georgia are seal hunting.
See Pinniped and South Georgia
Southern elephant seal
The southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) is one of two species of elephant seals.
See Pinniped and Southern elephant seal
Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica.
See Pinniped and Southern Ocean
Species distribution
Species distribution, or species dispersion, is the manner in which a biological taxon is spatially arranged.
See Pinniped and Species distribution
Spotted seal
The spotted seal (Phoca largha), also known as the larga seal or largha seal, is a member of the family Phocidae, and is considered a "true seal".
Steller sea lion
The Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus, also known as Steller's sea lion or the northern sea lion) is a large, near-threatened species of sea lion, predominantly found in the coastal marine habitats of the northeast Pacific Ocean and the Pacific Northwest regions of North America, from north-central California to Oregon, Washington and British Columbia to Alaska.
See Pinniped and Steller sea lion
Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make stone tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.
Subantarctic fur seal
The subantarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus tropicalis) is a species of arctocephaline found in the southern parts of the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans.
See Pinniped and Subantarctic fur seal
Substrate (biology)
In biology, a substrate is the surface on which an organism (such as a plant, fungus, or animal) lives.
See Pinniped and Substrate (biology)
Sunning (behaviour)
Sunning or basking, sometimes also known as sunbathing, is a thermoregulatory or comfort behaviour used by humans, animals, especially birds, reptiles, and insects, to help raise their body temperature, reduce the energy needed for temperature maintenance or to provide comfort.
See Pinniped and Sunning (behaviour)
Supraorbital foramen
The supraorbital foramen, is a bony elongated opening located above the orbit (eye socket) and under the forehead.
See Pinniped and Supraorbital foramen
Supraspinous fossa
The supraspinous fossa (supraspinatus fossa, supraspinatous fossa) of the posterior aspect of the scapula (the shoulder blade) is smaller than the infraspinous fossa, concave, smooth, and broader at its vertebral than at its humeral end.
See Pinniped and Supraspinous fossa
Syntax
In linguistics, syntax is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences.
Talus bone
The talus (Latin for ankle or ankle bone;: tali), talus bone, astragalus, or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus.
Tapetum lucidum
The paren;;: tapeta lucida) is a layer of tissue in the eye of many vertebrates and some other animals. Lying immediately behind the retina, it is a retroreflector. It reflects visible light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors (although slightly blurring the image).
See Pinniped and Tapetum lucidum
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
See Pinniped and Taxonomy (biology)
Territory (animal)
In ethology, territory is the sociographical area that an animal consistently defends against conspecific competition (or, occasionally, against animals of other species) using agonistic behaviors or (less commonly) real physical aggression.
See Pinniped and Territory (animal)
Thalassoleon
Thalassoleon ("sea lion") is an extinct genus of large fur seal.
The Bahamas
The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an island country within the Lucayan Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean.
The Journal of Experimental Biology
Journal of Experimental Biology (formerly The British Journal of Experimental Biology) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of comparative physiology and integrative biology.
See Pinniped and The Journal of Experimental Biology
Tide pool
A tide pool or rock pool is a shallow pool of seawater that forms on the rocky intertidal shore.
Tiger shark
The tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) is a species of ground shark, and the only extant member of the genus Galeocerdo and family Galeocerdonidae.
Timbre
In music, timbre, also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone.
Trachea
The trachea (tracheae or tracheas), also known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all animals with lungs.
Transverse plane
The transverse plane (also known as the horizontal plane, axial plane and transaxial plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
See Pinniped and Transverse plane
Turtling (hunting)
Turtling is the hunting of turtles.
See Pinniped and Turtling (hunting)
Tusk
Tusks are elongated, continuously growing front teeth that protrude well beyond the mouth of certain mammal species.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound with frequencies greater than 20 kilohertz.
Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep
Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep (USWS) is sleep where one half of the brain rests while the other half remains alert.
See Pinniped and Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep
United States Navy Marine Mammal Program
The U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program (NMMP) is a program administered by the U.S. Navy which studies the military use of marine mammals - principally bottlenose dolphins and California sea lions - and trains animals to perform tasks such as ship and harbor protection, mine detection and clearance, and equipment recovery.
See Pinniped and United States Navy Marine Mammal Program
USA Today
USA Today (often stylized in all caps) is an American daily middle-market newspaper and news broadcasting company.
Uterus
The uterus (from Latin uterus,: uteri) or womb is the organ in the reproductive system of most female mammals, including humans, that accommodates the embryonic and fetal development of one or more embryos until birth.
Valenictus
Valenictus is an extinct genus of Odobenidae from the Pliocene of California.
Vocal resonation
Vocal resonance may be defined as "the process by which the basic product of phonation is enhanced in timbre and/or intensity by the air-filled cavities through which it passes on its way to the outside air." Throughout the vocal literature, various terms related to resonation are used, including: amplification, filtering, enrichment, enlargement, improvement, intensification, and prolongation.
See Pinniped and Vocal resonation
Vulnerable species
A vulnerable species is a species which has been categorized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as being threatened with extinction unless the circumstances that are threatening its survival and reproduction improve.
See Pinniped and Vulnerable species
Walrus
The walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) is a large pinniped marine mammal with discontinuous distribution about the North Pole in the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere.
Weddell seal
The Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) is a relatively large and abundant true seal with a circumpolar distribution surrounding Antarctica.
Whaling
Whaling is the hunting of whales for their usable products such as meat and blubber, which can be turned into a type of oil that was important in the Industrial Revolution.
Whiskers
Whiskers or vibrissae (vibrissa) are a type of stiff, functional hair used by most mammals to sense their environment.
World Animal Protection
World Animal Protection, formerly The World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), is an international non-profit animal welfare organization that has been in operation since 1981.
See Pinniped and World Animal Protection
Yucatán Peninsula
The Yucatán Peninsula (also,; Península de Yucatán) is a large peninsula in southeast Mexico and adjacent portions of Belize and Guatemala.
See Pinniped and Yucatán Peninsula
Zalophus
Zalophus is a genus of the family Otariidae (sea lions and fur seals) of the order Carnivora.
Zooplankton
Zooplankton are the animal (or heterotrophic) component of the planktonic community (the "zoo-" prefix comes from), having to consume other organisms to thrive.
Zygomatic bone
In the human skull, the zygomatic bone (from yoke), also called cheekbone or malar bone, is a paired irregular bone, situated at the upper and lateral part of the face and forming part of the lateral wall and floor of the orbit, of the temporal fossa and the infratemporal fossa.
See Pinniped and Zygomatic bone
See also
Extant Chattian first appearances
- Ape
- Argyripnus
- Argyropelecus
- Bowerbird
- Cetotheriidae
- Chaetodon
- Chinchillidae
- Climbing gourami
- Coryphaenoides
- Dasyproctidae
- Dasyuromorphia
- Diprotodontia
- Echimyidae
- Eupleridae
- Felidae
- Grebe
- Hypomesus
- Hypsiprymnodon
- Hypsiprymnodontidae
- Kuphus
- Lacertidae
- Latonia (frog)
- Macropodidae
- Macropodiformes
- Myobatrachidae
- Narcissus (plant)
- New World porcupine
- Oceanic dolphin
- Ornithorhynchidae
- Oxyurini
- Pelican
- Peramelemorphia
- Phascolarctidae
- Physeteroidea
- Pinniped
- Potoroidae
- Pseudocheiridae
- Tolypeutinae
- Turaco
Pinnipeds
- 2008 Canadian commercial seal hunt
- Eared seal
- Eared seals
- Earless seal
- Freshwater seal
- Fur seal
- Hauling-out
- List of pinnipeds
- Monachinae
- Odobenidae
- Otarioidea
- Phocinae
- Pinniped
- Pinnipeds in popular culture
- Seal Rehabilitation and Research Centre
- Seal culling in South Australia
- Seal hunting
- Seal meat
- Sealskin
- Tagging of Pacific Predators
- True seals
Predators
- Adephaga
- Anteaters
- Apex predators
- Bear
- Birds of prey
- Carnivorans
- Centipedes
- Cobra
- Crocodilians
- European hornet
- Hydrocynus
- Lophiodes beroe
- Monitor lizards
- Pinniped
- Piranhas
- Predatory fish
- Scorpions
- Shark
- Sharks
- Sphyraena putnamae
- Yellowjacket
References
Also known as Anatomy of pinnipeds, Baby seals, Communication in pinnipeds, Cultural depictions of pinnipeds, Cultural depictions of seals, Evolution of pinnipeds, Evolutionary history of pinnipeds, Feeding behavior of pinnipeds, Finfooted mammal, La Foca, Mating behavior of pinnipeds, Mating seals, Pinniped conservation, Pinnipeda, Pinnipedia, Pinnipeds, Reproductive behavior of pinnipeds, Reproductive biology of seals, Sea calf, Sea calves, Sea-calf, Sea-calves, Seacalf, Seacalves, Seal (animal), Seal (mammal), Seal (zoology), Seal pup, Seal reproduction, Sexual behavior of pinnipeds, Thermoregulation in pinnipeds, .
, Cecum, Celts, Central American Seaway, Cephalopod, Cetacea, Chattian, Chirp, Christopher Columbus, Circulatory system, Circumpolar peoples, Clade, Cladogenesis, Cladogram, Clamp (tool), Climate change, Coast, Color vision, Commercial fishing, Cone cell, Contact call, Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, Copulation (zoology), Cornea, Corneal epithelium, Cougar, Countercurrent exchange, Countershading, Courtship display, Crabeater seal, Crevasse, Crustacean, Culling, Dear enemy effect, Decompression sickness, Desmatophocidae, Dialect, Dolphin, Dominance hierarchy, Drag (physics), Drift ice, Ear clearing, Eared seal, Earless seal, Early Miocene, Earth's magnetic field, Effects of climate change on oceans, Elephant seal, Embryo, Embryonic diapause, Endangered species, Endotherm, Eocene, Epipterygoid, Equidistant, Estrous cycle, Extraocular muscles, Family (biology), Fast ice, Fasting, Fat, Filter feeder, Fin, Fishing net, Flipper (anatomy), Food chain, Fossil, Francis Galton, Freshwater seal, Frontal bone, Fur clothing, Fur seal, Galápagos fur seal, Galápagos sea lion, Gastrointestinal cancer, Gastrolith, Generalist and specialist species, Genus, Georges Cuvier, Gestation, Gillnetting, Gomphotaria, Gong, Great white shark, Grey seal, Growling, Growth rate (group theory), Guadalupe fur seal, Guadalupe Island, Guard hair, Habitat destruction, Harbor seal, Harem (zoology), Harp seal, Hauling-out, Hawaiian monk seal, Hebrides, Hemoglobin, Hertz, Holocene, Homer, Hooded seal, Hoover (seal), Humane Society of the United States, Ice seal, Identification key, Ilium (bone), Indomalayan realm, Infrasound, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Inuit religion, Iris (anatomy), Iris dilator muscle, Island tameness, Isurus, Ivory, Japanese sea lion, Joel Asaph Allen, Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger, Johns Hopkins University Press, Juan Fernández fur seal, Keratin, Krill, Lacrimal gland, Lactic acid, Lactose, Lake, Lake Baikal, Laminar flow, Lanugo, Large intestine, Latin, Lek mating, Lens (vertebrate anatomy), Leopard seal, Leptophoca, Lineage (evolution), Lobodontini, Mammary gland, Marine ecosystem, Marine invertebrates, Marine mammal, Marine Mammal Protection Act, Marine pollution, Mastoid part of the temporal bone, Match-to-sample task, Mating system, Maxilla, Mediterranean monk seal, Military animal, Million years ago, Miosis, Modern era, Molar (tooth), Molecular phylogenetics, Mollusca, Monachinae, Monk seal, Monkey, Monogamy, Monograph, Monophyly, Monotherium, Most recent common ancestor, Moulting, Mucus, Mudflat, Muscle fascicle, Mustelidae, Musteloidea, Mydriasis, Myoglobin, Myopia, Nasal bone, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Natural History (Pliny), Naval mine, Neontology, New Zealand sea lion, Nictitating membrane, Nitrogen narcosis, Northern elephant seal, Northern fur seal, Ocean current, Odobenidae, Odyssey, Old English, Oligocene, Orbit (anatomy), Orca, Order (biology), Oregon, Orkney, Otarioidea, Overexploitation, Oxygen toxicity, Pachyostosis, Pack hunter, Pagophily, Panniculus adiposus, Parrot, Pebble, Pelagic zone, Penguin, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, Persian Gulf, Persistent organic pollutant, Philopatry, Phocinae, Photokeratitis, Pinnipedimorpha, Pleistocene, Pliny the Elder, Polar bear, Polygyny in animals, Polyphyly, Pontolis, Population bottleneck, Potamotherium, Precociality and altriciality, Predation, Premolar, Pressure ridge (ice), Proboscis, Procyonidae, Proneotherium, Proteus, Proto-Germanic language, Prototaria, Pteronarctos, Puijila, Pulmonary alveolus, Rebun Island, Red panda, Refraction, Reniculate kidney, Reproductive success, Rete mirabile, Retina, Ribbon seal, Ringed seal, River, Roar (vocalization), Rocky shore, Rod cell, Rodent, Ross seal, Rowing (sport), Sagittal crest, Sagittal plane, Salmon run, Sclera, Sea cave, Sea lion, Sea surface temperature, Sea turtle, Seabird, Seal hunting, Secondary sex characteristic, Sedentary lifestyle, Sedna (mythology), Seine fishing, Selkie, Semantics, Semiaquatic, Serranilla Bank, Sexual dimorphism, Sexual maturity, Shark, Shoal, Sign language, Sinus (anatomy), Sister group, Skunk, Small intestine, Smooth muscle, Somatosensory system, South American fur seal, South American sea lion, South Georgia, Southern elephant seal, Southern Ocean, Species distribution, Spotted seal, Steller sea lion, Stone Age, Subantarctic fur seal, Substrate (biology), Sunning (behaviour), Supraorbital foramen, Supraspinous fossa, Syntax, Talus bone, Tapetum lucidum, Taxonomy (biology), Territory (animal), Thalassoleon, The Bahamas, The Journal of Experimental Biology, Tide pool, Tiger shark, Timbre, Trachea, Transverse plane, Turtling (hunting), Tusk, Ultrasound, Unihemispheric slow-wave sleep, United States Navy Marine Mammal Program, USA Today, Uterus, Valenictus, Vocal resonation, Vulnerable species, Walrus, Weddell seal, Whaling, Whiskers, World Animal Protection, Yucatán Peninsula, Zalophus, Zooplankton, Zygomatic bone.