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Polish minority in the Czech Republic

Index Polish minority in the Czech Republic

The Polish minority in the Czech Republic (Polska mniejszość narodowa w Republice Czeskiej, Polská národnostní menšina v České republice) is a Polish national minority living mainly in the Zaolzie region of western Cieszyn Silesia. [1]

117 relations: Adam Makowicz, Adam Wawrosz, Albrechtice (Karviná District), Association "Polish Community", Atheism, Austria-Hungary, Austrian Empire, Česká televize, Český Těšín, Životice (Havířov), Bilingual sign, Bronislav Poloczek, Bukovec (Frýdek-Místek District), Bystřice (Frýdek-Místek District), Catholic Church, Cieszyn Silesia, Cieszyn Silesian dialect, Coal mining, Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic, Cultural assimilation, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech language, Czech Radio, Czech Republic, Czech Silesia, Czechoslovakia, Czechs, Demographics of the Czech Republic, Dolní Bludovice, Dolní Lomná, Dolní Lutyně, Emanuel Chobot, European Commission, Ewa Farna, FIFA World Cup, Final good, Frýdek-Místek District, Fryštát, Galicia (Eastern Europe), Głos Ludu, Germanisation, Gorolski Święto, Gustaw Morcinek, Halina Mlynkova, Harvest festival, Henryk Jasiczek, Hnojník, Horní Suchá, Hrádek (Frýdek-Místek District), ..., Jablunkov, Jan Buzek, Jan Kubisz, Józef Buzek, Józef Ondrusz, Jerzy Buzek, Jews, Josef Zieleniec, Juliusz Słowacki Polish Grammar School, Karol Śliwka, Karol Piegza, Karviná, Karviná District, Katyn massacre, Košařiska, Laborer, Metallurgy, Milíkov (Frýdek-Místek District), Mosty u Jablunkova, Mountain hut, Munich Agreement, Nazi concentration camps, Návsí, Oświęcim, Oldřichovice (Třinec), Olza (river), Orlová, Ostrava, Paweł Kubisz, Płyniesz Olzo po dolinie, Poles, Polish Cultural and Educational Union, Polish diaspora, Polish language, Polish People's Party (Czechoslovakia), Polish People's Republic, Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, Polish Socialist Workers Party, Polish–Czechoslovak War, Polonia Karwina, Prague Spring, Referendum, Revolutions of 1989, Ropice, Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession, Socialism, Sokół, Spa Conference of 1920, State of emergency, Stonava, Svibice, Tadeusz Kraus, Tadeusz Michejda, Těšín Theatre, Těrlicko, Třinec, University of Ostrava, Velvet Revolution, Vendryně, Volksliste, Wędrynia, Władysław Bortnowski, Wehrmacht, Zaolzie, Zwrot, 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état, 1992 Summer Olympics. Expand index (67 more) »

Adam Makowicz

Adam Makowicz (born Adam Matyszkowicz; August 18, 1940) is a Polish pianist and composer living in Toronto.

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Adam Wawrosz

Adam Wawrosz (24 December 1913 – 18 December 1971) was a Polish poet, writer, and activist from the Zaolzie region of Cieszyn Silesia.

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Albrechtice (Karviná District)

Albrechtice (Polish:, Albersdorf) is a large village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Association "Polish Community"

Association "Polish Community" (Stowarzyszenie "Wspólnota Polska") is a Polish non-governmental and public benefit organization operating under the patronage of the Polish Senate; dedicated to strengthening the ties between Poland and Polonia - Poles and people of Polish origin living abroad.

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Atheism

Atheism is, in the broadest sense, the absence of belief in the existence of deities.

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Austria-Hungary

Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy in English-language sources, was a constitutional union of the Austrian Empire (the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council, or Cisleithania) and the Kingdom of Hungary (Lands of the Crown of Saint Stephen or Transleithania) that existed from 1867 to 1918, when it collapsed as a result of defeat in World War I. The union was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 and came into existence on 30 March 1867.

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Austrian Empire

The Austrian Empire (Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling Kaisertum Österreich) was a Central European multinational great power from 1804 to 1919, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs.

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Česká televize

Česká televize (abbreviation: ČT, Czech Television) is the public television broadcaster in the Czech Republic, broadcasting six channels.

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Český Těšín

Český Těšín (Czeski Cieszyn, Tschechisch-Teschen) is a town in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Životice (Havířov)

(Polish:, Zywotitz, formerly Ziwotitz) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic.

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Bilingual sign

A bilingual sign (or, by extension, a multilingual sign) is the representation on a panel (sign, usually a traffic sign, a safety sign, an informational sign) of texts in more than one language.

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Bronislav Poloczek

Bronislav Poloczek (Bronisław Poloczek) (7 August 1939 – 16 March 2012) was a Polish-Czech theatre and television actor.

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Bukovec (Frýdek-Místek District)

(Polish:, Bukowetz) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Bystřice (Frýdek-Místek District)

(Polish:, German: Bistrzitz) is a large village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Cieszyn Silesia

Cieszyn Silesia or Těšín Silesia or Teschen Silesia (Polish:, Czech: or, German: Teschener Schlesien or Olsagebiet) is a historical region in south-eastern Silesia, centered on the towns of Cieszyn and Český Těšín and bisected by the Olza River.

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Cieszyn Silesian dialect

Cieszyn Silesian dialect (gwara cieszyńska or dialekt cieszyński; těšínské nářečí, speakers of the language refer to it as "po naszymu") is one of the Silesian dialects.

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Coal mining

Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground.

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Communist Party of Czechoslovakia

The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (Czech and Slovak: Komunistická strana Československa, KSČ) was a Communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Czechoslovakia that existed between 1921 and 1992.

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Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic

Kongres Polaków w Republice Czeskiej (Kongres Poláků v České republice) (meaning "The Congress of Poles in the Czech Republic") is a Polish organization in the Czech Republic.

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Cultural assimilation

Cultural assimilation is the process in which a minority group or culture comes to resemble those of a dominant group.

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Czech Academy of Sciences

The Czech Academy of Sciences (abbr. CAS, Akademie věd České republiky, abbr. AV ČR) was established in 1992 by the Czech National Council as the Czech successor of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences and its tradition goes back to the Royal Bohemian Society of Sciences (founded in 1784) and the Emperor Franz Joseph Czech Academy for Sciences, Literature and Arts (founded in 1890).The Academy is the leading non-university public research institution in the Czech Republic.

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Czech language

Czech (čeština), historically also Bohemian (lingua Bohemica in Latin), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group.

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Czech Radio

Český rozhlas (ČRo) is the public radio broadcaster of the Czech Republic, operating since 1923.

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Czech Republic

The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.

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Czech Silesia

Czech Silesia (České Slezsko; Czeski Ślůnsk; Tschechisch-Schlesien; Śląsk Czeski) is the name given to the part of the historical region of Silesia presently located in the Czech Republic.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

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Czechs

The Czechs (Češi,; singular masculine: Čech, singular feminine: Češka) or the Czech people (Český národ), are a West Slavic ethnic group and a nation native to the Czech Republic in Central Europe, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and Czech language.

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Demographics of the Czech Republic

This article is about the demographic features of the population of the Czech Republic, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, and religious affiliations.

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Dolní Bludovice

(Polish:, Nieder Bludowitz) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic.

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Dolní Lomná

(Polish:, Cieszyn Silesian: or, Nieder Lomna) is a village in Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, close to the borders with Poland and Slovakia.

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Dolní Lutyně

, (Deutsch Leuten or Nieder Leuten, Polish) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, near the border with Poland, south of the Olza River.

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Emanuel Chobot

Emanuel Chobot (1 January 1881 in Orłowa – 7 June 1944 in Moravská Ostrava) was a Polish trade union activist and politician from the region of Zaolzie, Czechoslovakia.

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European Commission

The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.

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Ewa Farna

Ewa Farna (born 12 August 1993) is a Polish-Czech pop-rock singer.

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FIFA World Cup

The FIFA World Cup, often simply called the World Cup, is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.

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Final good

In economics, any commodity which is produced and subsequently consumed by the consumer, to satisfy his current wants or needs, is a consumer good or final good.

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Frýdek-Místek District

Frýdek-Místek District (Okres Frýdek-Místek, Powiat Frydek-Mistek) is a district (okres) within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Fryštát

(Polish:, German:, Cieszyn Silesian) is a town in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, now administratively a part of the city of Karviná.

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Galicia (Eastern Europe)

Galicia (Ukrainian and Галичина, Halyčyna; Galicja; Czech and Halič; Galizien; Galícia/Kaliz/Gácsország/Halics; Galiția/Halici; Галиция, Galicija; גאַליציע Galitsiye) is a historical and geographic region in Central Europe once a small Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia and later a crown land of Austria-Hungary, the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, that straddled the modern-day border between Poland and Ukraine.

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Głos Ludu

Głos Ludu (meaning The Voice of People in English) is the main and largest Polish newspaper in the Czech Republic.

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Germanisation

Germanisation (also spelled Germanization) is the spread of the German language, people and culture or policies which introduced these changes.

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Gorolski Święto

Gorolski Święto (literally, Highlander's Festival) is an annual international cultural and folklore festival held in Jablunkov (Polish: Jabłonków), Czech Republic, the first weekend in August.

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Gustaw Morcinek

Gustaw Morcinek (born Augustyn Morcinek; 24 August 1891 in Karviná, Austria-Hungary – 20 December 1963 in Kraków, Poland) was a Polish writer, educator and later member of Sejm from 1952 to 1957.

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Halina Mlynkova

Halina Mlynkova (born June 22, 1977 in Návsí) is a Czech-born Polish singer.

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Harvest festival

A harvest festival is an annual celebration that occurs around the time of the main harvest of a given region.

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Henryk Jasiczek

Henryk Jasiczek (2 March 1919 – 8 December 1976) was a Polish journalist, poet, writer, and activist from the Zaolzie region.

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Hnojník

(Polish:, Hnoynik, Gnoynik) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the Stonávka River.

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Horní Suchá

(Polish:, Cieszyn Silesian:, Ober Suchau) is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Hrádek (Frýdek-Místek District)

(Polish:, Grudek) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, on the Olza River.

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Jablunkov

Jablunkov (Jabłonków, Jablunkau) is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Jan Buzek

Dr.

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Jan Kubisz

Jan Kubisz (24 January 1848 – 25 March 1929) was a Polish educator and poet from the region of Cieszyn Silesia.

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Józef Buzek

Józef Buzek (16 November 1873 in Końska – 22 September 1936 in Cieszyn) was a Polish lawyer, economist, statistician and politician from the region of Cieszyn Silesia.

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Józef Ondrusz

Józef Ondrusz (18 March 1918 – 27 May 1996) was a Polish teacher, writer and folklorist from the Zaolzie region of Cieszyn Silesia.

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Jerzy Buzek

Jerzy Karol Buzek (born 3 July 1940) is a Polish politician and Member of the European Parliament from Poland.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Josef Zieleniec

Josef Zieleniec (born 28 May 1946) is a Czech politician and former Member of the European Parliament.

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Juliusz Słowacki Polish Grammar School

Juliusz Słowacki Polish Grammar School (Polskie Gimnazjum im.) is a Polish grammar school (gymnasium) in the town of Czeski Cieszyn (Český Těšín), in the Zaolzie region of the Czech Republic.

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Karol Śliwka

Karol Śliwka (13 March 1894, Bystřice, Austrian Silesia - 19 March 1943, Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp) was a Polish communist politician from Zaolzie region in the First Czechoslovak Republic.

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Karol Piegza

Karol Piegza (9 October 1899 – 3 February 1988) was a Polish teacher, writer, folklorist, photographer, and painter from Zaolzie region of Cieszyn Silesia.

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Karviná

Karviná (Karwina,, Karwin) is a city in Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, on the Olza River.

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Karviná District

Karviná District (Okres Karviná, Powiat Karwina) is a district (okres) within the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Katyn massacre

The Katyn massacre (zbrodnia katyńska, "Katyń massacre" or "Katyn crime"; Катынская резня or Катынский расстрел Katynskij reznya, "Katyn massacre") was a series of mass executions of Polish intelligentsia carried out by the NKVD ("People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs", the Soviet secret police) in April and May 1940.

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Košařiska

(Polish) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic.

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Laborer

A laborer is a person who works in one of the construction trades, by tradition, considered unskilled manual labor or mansion —though in practice the laborers are a skilled trade that has reliability and strength as core characteristics.

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Metallurgy

Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys.

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Milíkov (Frýdek-Místek District)

(Polish) is a village in the Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Mosty u Jablunkova

(Polish:, German: Mosty bei Jablunkau) (1920-1949: Mosty) is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, located in the Jablunkov Pass.

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Mountain hut

A mountain hut (also known as alpine hut, mountain shelter, mountain refuge, mountain lodge, and mountain hostel) is a building located high in the mountains, generally accessible only by foot, intended to provide food and shelter to mountaineers, climbers and hikers.

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Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined.

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Nazi concentration camps

Nazi Germany maintained concentration camps (Konzentrationslager, KZ or KL) throughout the territories it controlled before and during the Second World War.

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Návsí

(Polish:, Cieszyn Silesian) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Oświęcim

Oświęcim (Auschwitz; אָשפּיצין Oshpitzin) is a town in the Lesser Poland (Małopolska) province of southern Poland, situated west of Cracow, near the confluence of the Vistula (Wisła) and Soła rivers.

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Oldřichovice (Třinec)

(Polish) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic.

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Olza (river)

(Olše, Olsa) is a river in Poland and the Czech Republic, the right tributary of the Oder River.

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Orlová

Orlová (Orłowa; Orlau) is a town in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic.

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Ostrava

Ostrava (Ostrawa, Ostrau or Mährisch Ostrau) is a city in the north-east of the Czech Republic and is the capital of the Moravian-Silesian Region.

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Paweł Kubisz

Paweł Kubisz (12 May 1907 – 19 August 1968) was a Polish poet, writer, journalist, and activist, one of the most important poets from the Zaolzie region of Cieszyn Silesia.

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Płyniesz Olzo po dolinie

"Płyniesz Olzo po dolinie" ("You flow, Olza, down the valley") is a poem by Polish educator and poet Jan Kubisz.

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Poles

The Poles (Polacy,; singular masculine: Polak, singular feminine: Polka), commonly referred to as the Polish people, are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Poland in Central Europe who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Polish language.

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Polish Cultural and Educational Union

Polski Związek Kulturalno-Oświatowy (commonly known as PZKO) (Polský kulturně-osvětový svaz) (meaning "Polish Cultural and Educational Union") is a Polish organization in the Czech Republic.

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Polish diaspora

The Polish diaspora refers to Poles who live outside Poland.

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Polish language

Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.

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Polish People's Party (Czechoslovakia)

Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL) was a political party in Czechoslovakia founded in autumn 1922, based amongst Polish middle-class Protestants.

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Polish People's Republic

The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.

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Polish Scientific Publishers PWN

Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN (Polish Scientific Publishers PWN; until 1991 Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe - National Scientific Publishers PWN, PWN) is a Polish book publisher, founded in 1951.

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Polish Socialist Workers Party

Polish Socialist Workers Party (Polska Socjalistyczna Partia Robotnicza, PSPR) was a political party in Czechoslovakia founded in February 1921, based amongst Polish workers.

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Polish–Czechoslovak War

The Poland–Czechoslovakia War, also known mostly in Czech sources as the Seven-day war (Sedmidenní válka) was a military confrontation between Czechoslovakia and Poland over the territory of Cieszyn Silesia in 1919.

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Polonia Karwina

Polski Klub Sportowy Polonia Karwina (PKS Polonia Karwina) was a Polish multi-sport club, located in the town of Karviná (Karwina), Zaolzie, Czechoslovakia.

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Prague Spring

The Prague Spring (Pražské jaro, Pražská jar) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II.

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Referendum

A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is invited to vote on a particular proposal.

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Revolutions of 1989

The Revolutions of 1989 formed part of a revolutionary wave in the late 1980s and early 1990s that resulted in the end of communist rule in Central and Eastern Europe and beyond.

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Ropice

(Polish:, Roppitz) is a village in the Czech Republic.

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Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession

The Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession (SECAC) (Slezská církev evangelická augsburského vyznání (SCEAV), Śląski Kościół Ewangelicki Wyznania Augsburskiego) is the biggest Lutheran Church in the Czech Republic.

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Socialism

Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

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Sokół

Sokół, or in full the "Falcon" Polish Gymnastic Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Gimnastyczne "Sokół"), is the Polish offshoot of the Czech (pan-Slavic oriented) Sokol movement, and the oldest youth movement organization of Poland.

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Spa Conference of 1920

The Spa Conference was a meeting between the Supreme War Council and the government of the Weimar Republic in Spa, Belgium on 5–16 July 1920.

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State of emergency

A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to perform actions that it would normally not be permitted.

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Stonava

Stonava (Polish:, Steinau) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the Stonávka River.

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Svibice

(Polish:, Schibitz) was a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic.

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Tadeusz Kraus

Tadeusz Kraus (also known as Tadeáš Kraus) (born 22 October 1932) is a former international footballer who represented Czechoslovakia.

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Tadeusz Michejda

Tadeusz Michejda (26 September 1879 in Nawsie - 18 May 1956 in Warsaw) was a Polish physician and politician from the region of Cieszyn Silesia.

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Těšín Theatre

Těšín Theatre (Těšínské divadlo, Teatr Cieszyński) is a theatre in the town of Český Těšín (Czeski Cieszyn), Czech Republic.

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Těrlicko

(Polish:, Tierlitzko) is a village in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Třinec

Třinec (Trzynietz) is a town in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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University of Ostrava

The University of Ostrava (Czech Ostravská univerzita) is a public university in the city of Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic.

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Velvet Revolution

The Velvet Revolution (sametová revoluce) or Gentle Revolution (nežná revolúcia) was a non-violent transition of power in what was then Czechoslovakia, occurring from 17 November to 29 December 1989.

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Vendryně

(Polish) is a village in Frýdek-Místek District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic, on the banks of the Olza River.

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Volksliste

The Deutsche Volksliste (German People's List) was a Nazi Party institution whose purpose was the classification of inhabitants of German occupied territories into categories of desirability according to criteria systematized by Heinrich Himmler.

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Wędrynia

Wędrynia (German Wendrin) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Lasowice Wielkie, within Kluczbork County, Opole Voivodeship, in south-western Poland.

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Władysław Bortnowski

Władysław Bortnowski (November 12, 1891, Radom – November 21, 1966 Glen Cove, New York) was a Polish historian, military commander and one of the highest ranking generals of the Polish Army.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".

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Zaolzie

Zaolzie is the Polish name for an area now in the Czech Republic which was disputed between interwar Poland and Czechoslovakia.

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Zwrot

Zwrot (meaning "The Term or The Phrase") is the main and largest Polish magazine in the Czech Republic, chief magazine of the Polish minority in Zaolzie.

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1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état

The 1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état (often simply the Czech coup) (Únor 1948, Február 1948, both meaning "February 1948") – in Marxist historiography known as "Victorious February" (Vítězný únor, Víťazný február) – was an event late that February in which the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, with Soviet backing, assumed undisputed control over the government of Czechoslovakia, marking the onset of four decades of communist rule in the country.

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1992 Summer Olympics

The 1992 Summer Olympic Games (Spanish: Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992; Catalan: Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992), officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain in 1992.

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Redirects here:

Narodnostni mensina v Ceske republice, Narodowosciowa w Republice Czeskiej, Narodowościowa w Republice Czeskiej, Národnostní menšina v České republice, Poles in Czechoslovakia, Poles in Zaolzie, Poles in the Czech Republic, Polish minority in Czechoslovakia, Polish minority in Zaolzie, Polish minority in the czech republic, Polish-Czech, Polska mniejszosc narodowa, Polska mniejszość narodowa, Polska narodni, Polská národní.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_minority_in_the_Czech_Republic

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