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137 relations: Acenocoumarol, Air embolism, American College of Radiology, Amniotic fluid embolism, Analgesic, Anticoagulant, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Antithrombin, Bed rest, Blood test, Bradycardia, Brain natriuretic peptide, Breathing, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Cancer, Cardiac arrest, Cardiology, Chest pain, Chest radiograph, Choosing Wisely, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Clinical prediction rule, Coagulation, Cochrane (organisation), Cohort study, Collapse (medical), Complete blood count, Contraindication, Cough, CT pulmonary angiogram, CT scan, Cyanosis, D-dimer, Deep vein thrombosis, Differential diagnosis, Echocardiography, Electrocardiography, Electrolyte, Embolism, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Estrogen, Factor V Leiden, Factor VIII, Fat embolism, Fever, Fibrinolysis, Fondaparinux, Genetics, Geneva score, Gold standard (test), ..., Hampton hump, Heart failure, Heart sounds, Hematology, Hemoptysis, Heparin, Hormonal contraception, Hormone replacement therapy, Hyperhomocysteinemia, Hypotension, Infarction, Inferior vena cava filter, Injury, Interventional radiology, Intracranial hemorrhage, Iodinated contrast, Jugular venous pressure, Liver function tests, Low molecular weight heparin, Medical algorithm, Medical history, Medical ultrasound, Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Mortality rate, Myocardial infarction, Nephrotic syndrome, Obesity, Operation of computed tomography, Oxygen saturation, Oxygen therapy, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, Partial thromboplastin time, Perfusion, Phenprocoumon, Philip Steven Wells, Physical examination, Plasmin, Pleural effusion, Pleural friction rub, Positive and negative predictive values, Pregnancy, Protein C, Protein C deficiency, Protein S, Protein S deficiency, Prothrombin G20210A, Prothrombin time, Pulmonary angiography, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary heart disease, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary thrombectomy, Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, Pulmonology, Radiocontrast agent, Radiologic sign, Randomized controlled trial, Renal function, Rib fracture, Right bundle branch block, Right heart strain, Scintigraphy, Sensitivity and specificity, Shock (circulatory), Shortness of breath, Sinus tachycardia, Smoking, Stroke, Syncope (medicine), Systematic review, T wave, Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Teratology, The Lancet, Thrombin time, Thrombolysis, Thrombus, Tissue plasminogen activator, Troponin, Ultrasound, Venous thrombosis, Ventilation/perfusion scan, Ventricle (heart), Virchow's triad, Warfarin, Westermark sign. Expand index (87 more) »
Acenocoumarol
Acenocoumarol is an anticoagulant that functions as a vitamin K antagonist (like warfarin).
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Air embolism
An air embolism, also known as a gas embolism, is a blood vessel blockage caused by one or more bubbles of air or other gas in the circulatory system.
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American College of Radiology
The (ACR), founded in 1923, is a professional medical society representing more than 38,000 diagnostic radiologists, radiation oncologists, interventional radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians and medical physicists.
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Amniotic fluid embolism
An amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is a rare childbirth (obstetric) emergency in which amniotic fluid, enters the blood stream of the mother to trigger a serious reaction.
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Analgesic
An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.
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Anticoagulant
Anticoagulants, commonly referred to as blood thinners, are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time.
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Antiphospholipid syndrome
Antiphospholipid syndrome or antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS or APLS), is an autoimmune, hypercoagulable state caused by antiphospholipid antibodies.
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Antithrombin
Antithrombin (AT) is a small protein molecule that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system.
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Bed rest
Bed rest, also referred to as the rest-cure, is a medical treatment in which a person lies in bed for most of the time to try to cure an illness.
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Blood test
A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick.
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia is a condition wherein an individual has a very slow heart rate, typically defined as a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults.
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Brain natriuretic peptide
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume.
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Breathing
Breathing (or respiration, or ventilation) is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly by bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide.
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Bristol Royal Infirmary
The Bristol Royal Infirmary, also known as the BRI, is a large teaching hospital situated in the centre of Bristol, England.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump.
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Cardiology
Cardiology (from Greek καρδίᾱ kardiā, "heart" and -λογία -logia, "study") is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart as well as parts of the circulatory system.
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Chest pain
Chest pain is pain in any region of the chest.
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Chest radiograph
A chest radiograph, colloquially called a chest X-ray (CXR), or chest film, is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures.
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Choosing Wisely
Choosing Wisely is a United States-based health educational campaign, led by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM).
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.
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Clinical prediction rule
A clinical prediction rule is a type of medical research study in which researchers try to identify the best combination of medical sign, symptoms, and other findings in predicting the probability of a specific disease or outcome.
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Coagulation
Coagulation (also known as clotting) is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot.
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Cochrane (organisation)
Cochrane is a non-profit, non-governmental organization formed to organize medical research findings so as to facilitate evidence-based choices about health interventions faced by health professionals, patients, and policy makers.
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Cohort study
A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that sample a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time.
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Collapse (medical)
Collapse is a sudden and often unannounced loss of postural tone (going weak), often but not necessarily accompanied by loss of consciousness.
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Complete blood count
A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a complete blood cell count, full blood count (FBC), or full blood exam (FBE), is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood, such as the cell count for each cell type and the concentrations of various proteins and minerals.
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Contraindication
In medicine, a contraindication is a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.
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Cough
A cough is a sudden and often repetitively occurring, protective reflex, which helps to clear the large breathing passages from fluids, irritants, foreign particles and microbes.
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CT pulmonary angiogram
CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is a medical diagnostic test that employs computed tomography (CT) angiography to obtain an image of the pulmonary arteries.
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CT scan
A CT scan, also known as computed tomography scan, makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object, allowing the user to see inside the object without cutting.
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Cyanosis
Cyanosis is defined as the bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation.
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D-dimer
D-dimer (or D dimer) is a fibrin degradation product (or FDP), a small protein fragment present in the blood after a blood clot is degraded by fibrinolysis.
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Deep vein thrombosis
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly the legs.
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Differential diagnosis
In medicine, a differential diagnosis is the distinguishing of a particular disease or condition from others that present similar clinical features.
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Echocardiography
An echocardiogram, often referred to as a cardiac echo or simply an echo, is a sonogram of the heart.
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Electrocardiography
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin.
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Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.
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Embolism
An embolism is the lodging of an embolus, a blockage-causing piece of material, inside a blood vessel.
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Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or sed rate) is the rate at which red blood cells sediment in a period of one hour.
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Estrogen
Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone.
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Factor V Leiden
Factor V Leiden (rs6025) is a variant (mutated form) of human factor V (one of several substances that helps blood clot), which causes an increase in blood clotting (hypercoagulability).
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Factor VIII
Factor VIII (FVIII) is an essential blood-clotting protein, also known as anti-hemophilic factor (AHF).
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Fat embolism
A fat embolism (which via major trauma may progress to fat embolism syndrome) is a type of embolism in which the embolus consists of fatty material.
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Fever
Fever, also known as pyrexia and febrile response, is defined as having a temperature above the normal range due to an increase in the body's temperature set-point.
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Fibrinolysis
Fibrinolysis is a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic.
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Fondaparinux
Fondaparinux (trade name Arixtra) is an anticoagulant medication chemically related to low molecular weight heparins.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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Geneva score
The Geneva score is a clinical prediction rule used in determining the pre-test probability of pulmonary embolism (PE) based on a patient's risk factors and clinical findings.
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Gold standard (test)
In medicine and statistics, gold standard test is usually diagnostic test or benchmark that is the best available under reasonable conditions.
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Hampton hump
Hampton's hump, also called Hampton hump, is a radiologic sign which consists of a shallow wedge-shaped opacity in the periphery of the lung with its base against the pleural surface.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Heart sounds
Heart sounds are the noises generated by the beating heart and the resultant flow of blood through it.
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Hematology
Hematology, also spelled haematology, is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood.
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Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood or blood-stained mucus from the bronchi, larynx, trachea, or lungs.
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Heparin
Heparin, also known as unfractionated heparin (UFH), is medication which is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner).
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Hormonal contraception
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system.
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Hormone replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is any form of hormone therapy wherein the patient, in the course of medical treatment, receives hormones, either to supplement a lack of naturally occurring hormones or to substitute other hormones for naturally occurring hormones.
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Hyperhomocysteinemia
Hyperhomocysteinemia or hyperhomocysteinaemia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of homocysteine in the blood, conventionally described as above 15 µmol/L.
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Hypotension
Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.
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Infarction
Infarction is tissue death (necrosis) due to inadequate blood supply to the affected area.
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Inferior vena cava filter
An inferior vena cava filter (IVC filter) is a type of vascular filter, a medical device that is implanted by interventional radiologists or vascular surgeons into the inferior vena cava to presumably prevent life-threatening pulmonary emboli (PEs).
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Injury
Injury, also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by external force.
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Interventional radiology
Interventional radiology (IR), sometimes known as vascular and interventional radiology (VIR), is a medical specialty which provides minimally invasive image-guided diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Intracranial hemorrhage
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), also known as intracranial bleed, is bleeding within the skull.
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Iodinated contrast
Iodinated contrast is a form of intravenous radiocontrast (radiographic dye) containing iodine, which enhances the visibility of vascular structures and organs during radiographic procedures.
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Jugular venous pressure
The jugular venous pressure (JVP, sometimes referred to as jugular venous pulse) is the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system via visualization of the internal jugular vein.
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Liver function tests
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs) are groups of blood tests that give information about the state of a patient's liver.
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Low molecular weight heparin
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is a class of anticoagulant medications.
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Medical algorithm
A medical algorithm is any computation, formula, statistical survey, nomogram, or look-up table, useful in healthcare.
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Medical history
The medical history or case history of a patient is information gained by a physician by asking specific questions, either of the patient or of other people who know the person and can give suitable information, with the aim of obtaining information useful in formulating a diagnosis and providing medical care to the patient.
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Medical ultrasound
Medical ultrasound (also known as diagnostic sonography or ultrasonography) is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the application of ultrasound.
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Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the methyl cycle, and it is encoded by the MTHFR gene.
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Mortality rate
Mortality rate, or death rate, is a measure of the number of deaths (in general, or due to a specific cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size of that population, per unit of time.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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Nephrotic syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of symptoms due to kidney damage.
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Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.
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Operation of computed tomography
X-ray computed tomography operates by using an X-ray generator that rotates around the object; X-ray detectors are positioned on the opposite side of the circle from the X-ray source.
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Oxygen saturation
Oxygen saturation (symbol SO2) is a relative measure of the concentration of oxygen that is dissolved or carried in a given medium as a proportion of the maximal concentration that can be dissolved in that medium.
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Oxygen therapy
Oxygen therapy, also known as supplemental oxygen, is the use of oxygen as a medical treatment.
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired, life-threatening disease of the blood characterized by destruction of red blood cells by the complement system, a part of the body's innate immune system.
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Partial thromboplastin time
The partial thromboplastin time (PTT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT or APTT) is a medical test that characterizes blood coagulation, also known as clotting.
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Perfusion
Perfusion is the passage of fluid through the circulatory system or lymphatic system to an organ or a tissue, usually referring to the delivery of blood to a capillary bed in tissue.
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Phenprocoumon
Phenprocoumon (marketed under the brand names Marcoumar, Marcumar and Falithrom) is a long-acting oral anticoagulant drug, a derivative of coumarin.
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Philip Steven Wells
Philip Steven Wells, M.D., M.Sc., FRCPC is a Canadian hematologist and current Chair and Chief of Medicine at the University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital.
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Physical examination
A physical examination, medical examination, or clinical examination (more popularly known as a check-up) is the process by which a medical professional investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease.
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Plasmin
Plasmin is an important enzyme present in blood that degrades many blood plasma proteins, including fibrin clots.
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Pleural effusion
A pleural effusion is excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity, the fluid-filled space that surrounds the lungs.
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Pleural friction rub
A pleural friction rub, or simply pleural rub, is an audible medical sign present in some patients with pleurisy and other conditions affecting the chest cavity.
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Positive and negative predictive values
The positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV respectively) are the proportions of positive and negative results in statistics and diagnostic tests that are true positive and true negative results, respectively.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Protein C
Protein C, also known as autoprothrombin IIA and blood coagulation factor XIV, is a zymogen, the activated form of which plays an important role in regulating anticoagulation, inflammation, cell death, and maintaining the permeability of blood vessel walls in humans and other animals.
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Protein C deficiency
Protein C deficiency is a rare genetic trait that predisposes to thrombotic disease.
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Protein S
Protein S (also known as S-Protein) is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein synthesized in the liver.
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Protein S deficiency
Protein S deficiency is a disorder associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis.
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Prothrombin G20210A
Prothrombin G20210A is a genetic condition that increases the risk of blood clots including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
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Prothrombin time
The prothrombin time (PT)—along with its derived measures of prothrombin ratio (PR) and international normalized ratio (INR)—are assays evaluating the extrinsic pathway of coagulation.
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Pulmonary angiography
Pulmonary angiography (or pulmonary arteriography) is medical fluoroscopic procedure used to visualize the pulmonary arteries and much less frequently, the pulmonary veins.
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Pulmonary artery
A pulmonary artery is an artery in the pulmonary circulation that carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
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Pulmonary heart disease
Pulmonary heart disease, also known as cor pulmonale, is the enlargement and failure of the right ventricle of the heart as a response to increased vascular resistance (such as from pulmonic stenosis) or high blood pressure in the lungs.
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Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension (PH or PHTN) is a condition of increased blood pressure within the arteries of the lungs.
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Pulmonary thrombectomy
In thoracic surgery, a pulmonary thrombectomy, is an emergency procedure that removes clotted blood (thrombus) from the pulmonary arteries.
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Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy
In thoracic surgery, a pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is an operation that removes organized clotted blood (thrombus) from the pulmonary arteries, which supply blood to the lungs.
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Pulmonology
Pulmonology is a medical speciality that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract.
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Radiocontrast agent
Radiocontrast agents are substances used to enhance the visibility of internal structures in X-ray-based imaging techniques such as computed tomography (contrast CT), projectional radiography, and fluoroscopy.
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Radiologic sign
A radiologic sign is an objective indication of some medical fact (that is, a medical sign) that is detected by a physician during radiologic examination with medical imaging (for example, via an X-ray, CT scan, MRI scan, or sonographic scan).
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Randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; RCT) is a type of scientific (often medical) experiment which aims to reduce bias when testing a new treatment.
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Renal function
Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the kidney's condition and its role in renal physiology.
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Rib fracture
A rib fracture is a break in a rib bone.
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Right bundle branch block
A right bundle branch block (RBBB) is a heart block in the electrical conduction system.
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Right heart strain
Right heart strain (also right ventricular strain or RV strain) is a medical finding of right ventricular dysfunction where the heart muscle of the right ventricle (RV) is deformed.
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Scintigraphy
Scintigraphy ("scint", Latin scintilla, spark) is a diagnostic test in nuclear medicine, where radioisotopes attached to drugs that travel to a specific organ or tissue (radiopharmaceuticals) are taken internally and the emitted gamma radiation is captured by external detectors (gamma cameras) to form two-dimensional images in a similar process to the capture of x-ray images.
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Sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test, also known in statistics as a classification function.
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Shock (circulatory)
Shock is the state of low blood perfusion to tissues resulting in cellular injury and inadequate tissue function.
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Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath, also known as dyspnea, is the feeling that one cannot breathe well enough.
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Sinus tachycardia
Sinus tachycardia (also colloquially known as sinus tach or sinus tachy) is a sinus rhythm with an elevated rate of impulses, defined as a rate greater than 100 beats/min (bpm) in an average adult.
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Smoking
Smoking is a practice in which a substance is burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Syncope (medicine)
Syncope, also known as fainting, is a loss of consciousness and muscle strength characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery.
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Systematic review
Systematic reviews are a type of literature review that uses systematic methods to collect secondary data, critically appraise research studies, and synthesize studies.
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T wave
In electrocardiography, the T wave represents the repolarization, or recovery, of the ventricles.
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
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Tachypnea
Tachypnea or tachypnoea is abnormally rapid breathing.
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Teratology
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development.
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The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.
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Thrombin time
The thrombin time (TT), also known as the thrombin clotting time (TCT) is a blood test that measures the time it takes for a clot to form in the plasma of a blood sample containing anticoagulant, after an excess of thrombin has been added.
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Thrombolysis
Thrombolysis is the breakdown (lysis) of blood clots formed in blood vessels, using medication.
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Thrombus
A thrombus, colloquially called a blood clot, is the final product of the blood coagulation step in hemostasis.
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Tissue plasminogen activator
Tissue plasminogen activator (abbreviated tPA or PLAT) is a protein involved in the breakdown of blood clots.
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Troponin
bibcode.
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Ultrasound
Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing.
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Venous thrombosis
A venous thrombus is a blood clot (thrombus) that forms within a vein.
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Ventilation/perfusion scan
A ventilation/perfusion lung scan, also called a V/Q lung scan, is a type of medical imaging using scintigraphy and medical isotopes to evaluate the circulation of air and blood within a patient's lungs, in order to determine the ventilation/perfusion ratio.
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Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers in the heart that collect and expel blood received from an atrium towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs.
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Virchow's triad
Virchow's triad or the triad of Virchow describes the three broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to thrombosis.
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Warfarin
Warfarin, sold under the brand name Coumadin among others, is a medication that is used as an anticoagulant (blood thinner).
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Westermark sign
In chest radiography, the Westermark sign is a sign that represents a focus of oligemia (hypovolemia) (leading to collapse of vessel) seen distal to a pulmonary embolism (PE).
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Redirects here:
DASH score, Lung embolism, PERC rule, Pulmonary Embolism, Pulmonary Embolism Rule-out Criteria, Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index, Pulmonary emboli, Pulmonary embolisms, Pulmonary embolus, Pulmonary thromboembolus, Pulmonary thrombosis, Pulmonary venous thromboembolism, S1 q3, S1Q3, SI qIII, Saddle embolus.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism
