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Recession

Index Recession

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction which results in a general slowdown in economic activity. [1]

119 relations: Administration (government), Aggregate demand, Animal spirits (Keynes), Anti-competitive practices, Balance sheet, Black Monday, Business cycle, Capacity utilization, Capital (economics), China, Competition law, Conference Board Leading Economic Index, Council of Economic Advisers, Credit crunch, Daniel Gross, David R. Henderson, Deficit spending, Deflation, Depression (economics), Disinflation, Dow Jones Industrial Average, Early 1980s recession, Early 1990s recession, Early 2000s recession, Economic bubble, Economic stagnation, Economy of the United States, European Union, Fast-moving consumer goods, Federal funds rate, Feedback, Financial crisis, Fiscal policy, Fixed income, Foreclosure, Foreign direct investment, Government spending, Great Depression, Great Recession, Great Recession in the United States, Gross domestic product, Growth stock, High-yield stocks, HM Treasury, Hong Kong, Household debt, Hyman Minsky, Industrial production, Inflation, Inflationism, ..., Interest rate, International Monetary Fund, Investment, Janet Yellen, Keynesian economics, Korea, Liberty Fund, Liquidity trap, List of recessions in the United Kingdom, Lost Decade (Japan), MACD, Macroeconomics, Mainstream economics, Medication, Mercantilism, Mergers and acquisitions, Monetarism, Monetary policy, Money, Money supply, Moody's Investors Service, Multiplier (economics), National Bureau of Economic Research, Natural rate of unemployment, Negative equity, Newsweek, Overproduction, Paradox of thrift, Paul Krugman, Paul Volcker, Productivity, Profit (accounting), Psychology, Pushing on a string, Quantitative easing, Real estate, Real gross domestic product, Real income, Real-World Economics Review, Recession shapes, Retail, Richard Koo, Robert J. Shiller, Ronald Reagan, Salary, Stagflation, Standard of living, Stock market bubble, Stocks for the Long Run, Subprime mortgage crisis, Supply shock, Supply-side economics, Thailand, The New York Times, Tobacco, Underconsumption, Unemployment, United Kingdom, United States, United States housing bubble, United States housing market correction, United States Senate Committee on the Budget, Walter Heller, Welfare, Wholesaling, World War II, Yield curve, Zero interest-rate policy, 2015–16 Chinese stock market turbulence. Expand index (69 more) »

Administration (government)

The term administration, as used in the context of government, differs according to jurisdiction.

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Aggregate demand

In macroeconomics, aggregate demand (AD) or domestic final demand (DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.

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Animal spirits (Keynes)

Animal spirits is the term John Maynard Keynes used in his 1936 book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money to describe the instincts, proclivities and emotions that ostensibly influence and guide human behavior, and which can be measured in terms of, for example, consumer confidence.

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Anti-competitive practices

Anti-competitive practices are business, government or religious practices that prevent or reduce competition in a market (see restraint of trade).

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Balance sheet

In financial accounting, a balance sheet or statement of financial position is a summary of the financial balances of an individual or organization, whether it be a sole proprietorship, a business partnership, a corporation, private limited company or other organization such as Government or not-for-profit entity.

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Black Monday

Black Monday refers to specific Mondays when undesirable or turbulent events have occurred.

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Business cycle

The business cycle, also known as the economic cycle or trade cycle, is the downward and upward movement of gross domestic product (GDP) around its long-term growth trend.

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Capacity utilization

Capacity utilization or capacity utilisation is the extent to which an enterprise or a nation uses its installed productive capacity.

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Capital (economics)

In economics, capital consists of an asset that can enhance one's power to perform economically useful work.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Competition law

Competition law is a law that promotes or seeks to maintain market competition by regulating anti-competitive conduct by companies.

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Conference Board Leading Economic Index

The Conference Board Leading Economic Index is an American economic leading indicator intended to forecast future economic activity.

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Council of Economic Advisers

The Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) is a United States agency within the Executive Office of the President established in 1946, which advises the President of the United States on economic policy.

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Credit crunch

A credit crunch (also known as a credit squeeze or credit crisis) is a sudden reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from banks.

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Daniel Gross

Daniel Gross (born August 4, 1967) is an American journalist and author.

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David R. Henderson

David R. Henderson (born November 21, 1950) is a Canadian-born American economist and author who moved to the United States in 1972 and became a U.S. citizen in 1986, serving on President Ronald Reagan’s Council of Economic Advisers from 1982 to 1984.

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Deficit spending

Deficit spending is the amount by which spending exceeds revenue over a particular period of time, also called simply deficit, or budget deficit; the opposite of budget surplus.

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Deflation

In economics, deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services.

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Depression (economics)

In economics, a depression is a sustained, long-term downturn in economic activity in one or more economies.

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Disinflation

Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation – a slowdown in the rate of increase of the general price level of goods and services in a nation's gross domestic product over time.

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Dow Jones Industrial Average

The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), or simply the Dow, is a stock market index that shows how 30 large, publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market.

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Early 1980s recession

The early 1980s recession was a severe global economic recession that affected much of the developed world in the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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Early 1990s recession

The early 1990s recession describes the period of economic downturn affecting much of the Western world in the early 1990s.

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Early 2000s recession

The early 2000s recession was a decline in economic activity which mainly occurred in developed countries.

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Economic bubble

An economic bubble or asset bubble (sometimes also referred to as a speculative bubble, a market bubble, a price bubble, a financial bubble, a speculative mania, or a balloon) is trade in an asset at a price or price range that strongly exceeds the asset's intrinsic value.

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Economic stagnation

Economic stagnation is a prolonged period of slow economic growth (traditionally measured in terms of the GDP growth), usually accompanied by high unemployment.

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Economy of the United States

The economy of the United States is a highly developed mixed economy.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Fast-moving consumer goods

Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) or consumer packaged goods (CPG) are products that are sold quickly and at relatively low cost.

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Federal funds rate

In the United States, the federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions (banks and credit unions) lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight, on an uncollateralized basis.

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Feedback

Feedback occurs when outputs of a system are routed back as inputs as part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or loop.

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Financial crisis

A financial crisis is any of a broad variety of situations in which some financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value.

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Fiscal policy

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (mainly taxes) and expenditure (spending) to influence the economy.

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Fixed income

Fixed income refers to any type of investment under which the borrower or issuer is obliged to make payments of a fixed amount on a fixed schedule.

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Foreclosure

Foreclosure is a legal process in which a lender attempts to recover the balance of a loan from a borrower who has stopped making payments to the lender by forcing the sale of the asset used as the collateral for the loan.

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Foreign direct investment

A foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country.

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Government spending

Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments.

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Great Depression

The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place mostly during the 1930s, beginning in the United States.

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Great Recession

The Great Recession was a period of general economic decline observed in world markets during the late 2000s and early 2010s.

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Great Recession in the United States

The Great Recession in the United States was a severe financial crisis combined with a deep recession.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Growth stock

In finance, a growth stock is a stock of a company that generates substantial and sustainable positive cash flow and whose revenues and earnings are expected to increase at a faster rate than the average company within the same industry.

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High-yield stocks

A high-yield stock is a stock whose dividend yield is higher than the yield of any benchmark average such as the ten-year US Treasury note.

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HM Treasury

Her Majesty's Treasury (HM Treasury), sometimes referred to as the Exchequer, or more informally the Treasury, is the British government department responsible for developing and executing the government's public finance policy and economic policy.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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Household debt

Household debt is defined as the combined debt of all people in a household.

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Hyman Minsky

Hyman Philip Minsky (September 23, 1919 – October 24, 1996) was an American economist, a professor of economics at Washington University in St. Louis, and a distinguished scholar at the Levy Economics Institute of Bard College.

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Industrial production

Industrial production is a measure of output of the industrial sector of the economy.

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Inflation

In economics, inflation is a sustained increase in price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

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Inflationism

Inflationism is a heterodox economic, fiscal, or monetary policy, that predicts that a substantial level of inflation is harmless, desirable or even advantageous.

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Interest rate

An interest rate is the amount of interest due per period, as a proportion of the amount lent, deposited or borrowed (called the principal sum).

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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Investment

In general, to invest is to allocate money (or sometimes another resource, such as time) in the expectation of some benefit in the future – for example, investment in durable goods, in real estate by the service industry, in factories for manufacturing, in product development, and in research and development.

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Janet Yellen

Janet Louise Yellen (born August 13, 1946) is an American economist.

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Keynesian economics

Keynesian economics (sometimes called Keynesianism) are the various macroeconomic theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total demand in the economy).

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Korea

Korea is a region in East Asia; since 1945 it has been divided into two distinctive sovereign states: North Korea and South Korea.

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Liberty Fund

Liberty Fund, Inc. is a nonprofit foundation headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana which promulgates the libertarian views of its founder, Pierre F. Goodrich through publishing, conferences, and educational resources.

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Liquidity trap

A liquidity trap is a situation, described in Keynesian economics, in which, "after the rate of interest has fallen to a certain level, liquidity preference may become virtually absolute in the sense that almost everyone prefers cash holding a debt which yields so low a rate of interest."Keynes, John Maynard (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007 edition, A liquidity trap is caused when people hoard cash because they expect an adverse event such as deflation, insufficient aggregate demand, or war.

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List of recessions in the United Kingdom

This is a list of (recent) recessions (and depressions) that have affected the economy of the United Kingdom.

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Lost Decade (Japan)

The is a period of economic stagnation in Japan following the Japanese asset price bubble's collapse in late 1991 and early 1992.

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MACD

MACD, short for moving average convergence/divergence, is a trading indicator used in technical analysis of stock prices, created by Gerald Appel in the late 1970s.

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Macroeconomics

Macroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning "large" and economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole.

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Mainstream economics

Mainstream economics may be used to describe the body of knowledge, theories, and models of economics, as taught across universities, that are generally accepted by economists as a basis for discussion.

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Medication

A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.

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Mercantilism

Mercantilism is a national economic policy designed to maximize the trade of a nation and, historically, to maximize the accumulation of gold and silver (as well as crops).

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Mergers and acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities.

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Monetarism

Monetarism is a school of thought in monetary economics that emphasizes the role of governments in controlling the amount of money in circulation.

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Monetary policy

Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, typically the central bank or currency board, controls either the cost of very short-term borrowing or the monetary base, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency.

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Money

Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts in a particular country or socio-economic context.

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Money supply

In economics, the money supply (or money stock) is the total value of monetary assets available in an economy at a specific time.

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Moody's Investors Service

Moody's Investors Service, often referred to as Moody's, is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name.

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Multiplier (economics)

In macroeconomics, a multiplier is a factor of proportionality that measures how much an endogenous variable changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable.

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National Bureau of Economic Research

The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) is an American private nonprofit research organization "committed to undertaking and disseminating unbiased economic research among public policymakers, business professionals, and the academic community." The NBER is well known for providing start and end dates for recessions in the United States.

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Natural rate of unemployment

The natural rate of unemployment is the name that was given to a key concept in the study of economic activity.

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Negative equity

Negative equity occurs when the value of an asset used to secure a loan is less than the outstanding balance on the loan.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is an American weekly magazine founded in 1933.

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Overproduction

In economics, overproduction, oversupply, excess of supply or glut refers to excess of supply over demand of products being offered to the market.

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Paradox of thrift

The paradox of thrift (or paradox of saving) is a paradox of economics.

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Paul Krugman

Paul Robin Krugman (born February 28, 1953) is an American economist who is currently Distinguished Professor of Economics at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, and a columnist for The New York Times.

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Paul Volcker

Paul Adolph Volcker Jr. (born September 5, 1927) is an American economist.

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Productivity

Productivity describes various measures of the efficiency of production.

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Profit (accounting)

Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the owner in a profitable market production process (business).

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Psychology

Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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Pushing on a string

Pushing on a string is a figure of speech for influence that is more effective in moving things in one direction than another – you can pull, but not push. If something is connected to someone by a string, they can move it toward themselves by pulling on the string, but they cannot move it away from themselves by pushing on the string.

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Quantitative easing

Quantitative easing (QE), also known as large-scale asset purchases, is an expansionary monetary policy whereby a central bank buys predetermined amounts of government bonds or other financial assets in order to stimulate the economy and increase liquidity.

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Real estate

Real estate is "property consisting of land and the buildings on it, along with its natural resources such as crops, minerals or water; immovable property of this nature; an interest vested in this (also) an item of real property, (more generally) buildings or housing in general.

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Real gross domestic product

Real Gross Domestic Product (real GDP) is a macroeconomic measure of the value of economic output adjusted for price changes (i.e., inflation or deflation).

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Real income

Real income is income of individuals or nations after adjusting for inflation.

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Real-World Economics Review

Real-World Economics Review is a peer-reviewed open access academic journal of heterodox economics published by the "Post-Autistic Economics Network" since 2000.

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Recession shapes

Recession shapes are used by economists to describe different types of recessions.

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Retail

Retail is the process of selling consumer goods or services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit.

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Richard Koo

Richard C. Koo (リチャード・クー,;; born 1954) is a Taiwanese-American economist residing in Japan specializing in balance sheet recessions.

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Robert J. Shiller

Robert James Shiller (born March 29, 1946) is an American Nobel Laureate, economist, academic, and best-selling author.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Salary

A salary is a form of payment from an employer to an employee, which may be specified in an employment contract.

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Stagflation

In economics, stagflation, a portmanteau of stagnation and inflation, is a situation in which the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains steadily high.

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Standard of living

Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area, usually a country.

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Stock market bubble

A stock market bubble is a type of economic bubble taking place in stock markets when market participants drive stock prices above their value in relation to some system of stock valuation.

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Stocks for the Long Run

Stocks for the Long Run is a book on investing by Jeremy Siegel.

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Subprime mortgage crisis

The United States subprime mortgage crisis was a nationwide banking emergency, occurring between 2007 and 2010, that contributed to the U.S. recession of December 2007 – June 2009.

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Supply shock

A supply shock is an event that suddenly increases or decreases the supply of a commodity or service, or of commodities and services in general.

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Supply-side economics

Supply-side economics is a macroeconomic theory arguing that economic growth can be most effectively created by lowering taxes and decreasing regulation.

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Tobacco

Tobacco is a product prepared from the leaves of the tobacco plant by curing them.

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Underconsumption

In underconsumption theory in economics, recessions and stagnation arise due to inadequate consumer demand relative to the amount produced.

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Unemployment

Unemployment is the situation of actively looking for employment but not being currently employed.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States housing bubble

The United States housing bubble was a real estate bubble affecting over half of the U.S. states.

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United States housing market correction

United States housing prices experienced a major market correction after the housing bubble that peaked in early 2006.

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United States Senate Committee on the Budget

The United States Senate Committee on the Budget was established by the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974.

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Walter Heller

Walter Wolfgang Heller (27 August 1915 – 15 June 1987) was a leading American economist of the 1960s, and an influential adviser to President John F. Kennedy as chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, 1961–64.

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Welfare

Welfare is a government support for the citizens and residents of society.

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Wholesaling

Wholesaling, jobbing, or distributing is the sale of goods or merchandise to retailers; to industrial, commercial, institutional, or other professional business users; or to other wholesalers and related subordinated services.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yield curve

In finance, the yield curve is a curve showing several yields or interest rates across different contract lengths (2 month, 2 year, 20 year, etc....) for a similar debt contract.

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Zero interest-rate policy

Zero interest-rate policy (ZIRP) is a macroeconomic concept describing conditions with a very low nominal interest rate, such as those in contemporary Japan and December 2008 through December 2015 in the United States.

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2015–16 Chinese stock market turbulence

The Chinese stock market turbulence began with the popping of the stock market bubble on 12 June 2015 and ended in early February 2016.

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Contraction (economic), Contraction (economics), Downturn, Economic contraction, Economic downturn, Economic recession, Economic slowdown, Economic slump, Global contraction, Real economic crisis, Recesion, Recessions, Slump (economics), World Recession.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recession

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