Table of Contents
789 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Acts of the Martyrs, Adoption in ancient Rome, Aeneid, Aeolipile, Aerarium militare, Africa (Roman province), Agriculture in ancient Rome, Alexandria, Ancient Greek art, Ancient Greek boxing, Ancient Greek literature, Ancient Roman architecture, Ancient Roman philosophy, Ancient Roman pottery, Ancient Roman technology, Ancient Rome, Ancient Rome and wine, Andreas Palaiologos, Andrew Wallace-Hadrill, Annals (Tacitus), Antinous Mondragone, Antioch, Antioch mosaics, Antoninus Pius, Aphrodisias, Apicius, Apollodorus of Damascus, Apotheosis, Apparitor, Appellate court, Aqua Anio Novus, Aqua Claudia, Aqua Marcia, Aquila (Roman), Aquitanian language, Ara Pacis, Aramaic, Arch, Arverni, As (Roman coin), Assassination of Julius Caesar, Associations in ancient Rome, Athenian democracy, Atlantic Ocean, Attila, Auburn hair, Auctoritas, Augustan literature (ancient Rome), Augustine of Hippo, ... Expand index (739 more) »
- 1st-century BC establishments in Italy
- 20s BC establishments in the Roman Empire
- 27 BC establishments
- 470s disestablishments
- 476 disestablishments
- 5th-century disestablishments in Italy
- Ancient Italian history
- Countries in ancient Africa
- Historical transcontinental empires
- States and territories disestablished in 1453
- States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
- States and territories established in the 1st century BC
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Roman Empire and Abbasid Caliphate are former countries in Europe, former empires, historical transcontinental empires and history of the Mediterranean.
See Roman Empire and Abbasid Caliphate
Acts of the Martyrs
Acts of the Martyrs (Latin Acta Martyrum) are accounts of the suffering and death of a Christian martyr or group of martyrs.
See Roman Empire and Acts of the Martyrs
Adoption in ancient Rome
Adoption in ancient Rome was primarily a legal procedure for transferring paternal power (potestas) to ensure succession in the male line within Roman patriarchal society.
See Roman Empire and Adoption in ancient Rome
Aeneid
The Aeneid (Aenē̆is or) is a Latin epic poem that tells the legendary story of Aeneas, a Trojan who fled the fall of Troy and travelled to Italy, where he became the ancestor of the Romans.
Aeolipile
An aeolipile, aeolipyle, or eolipile, from the Greek "Αἰόλουπύλη", also known as a Hero's (or Heron's) engine, is a simple, bladeless radial steam turbine which spins when the central water container is heated.
See Roman Empire and Aeolipile
Aerarium militare
The aerarium militare was the military treasury of Imperial Rome.
See Roman Empire and Aerarium militare
Africa (Roman province)
Africa was a Roman province on the northern coast of the continent of Africa. Roman Empire and Africa (Roman province) are states and territories disestablished in the 5th century.
See Roman Empire and Africa (Roman province)
Agriculture in ancient Rome
Roman agriculture describes the farming practices of ancient Rome, during a period of over 1000 years.
See Roman Empire and Agriculture in ancient Rome
Alexandria
Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.
See Roman Empire and Alexandria
Ancient Greek art
Ancient Greek art stands out among that of other ancient cultures for its development of naturalistic but idealized depictions of the human body, in which largely nude male figures were generally the focus of innovation.
See Roman Empire and Ancient Greek art
Ancient Greek boxing
Ancient Greek boxing (πυγμαχία pygmachia, "fist fighting") dates back to at least the 8th century BC (Homer's Iliad), and was practiced in a variety of social contexts in different Greek city-states.
See Roman Empire and Ancient Greek boxing
Ancient Greek literature
Ancient Greek literature is literature written in the Ancient Greek language from the earliest texts until the time of the Byzantine Empire. Roman Empire and Ancient Greek literature are western culture.
See Roman Empire and Ancient Greek literature
Ancient Roman architecture
Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical ancient Greek architecture for the purposes of the ancient Romans, but was different from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style.
See Roman Empire and Ancient Roman architecture
Ancient Roman philosophy
Ancient Roman philosophy is philosophy as it was practiced in the Roman Republic and its successor state, the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Ancient Roman philosophy
Ancient Roman pottery
Pottery was produced in enormous quantities in ancient Rome, mostly for utilitarian purposes.
See Roman Empire and Ancient Roman pottery
Ancient Roman technology
Ancient Roman technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, processes, and engineering practices which supported Roman civilization and made possible the expansion of the economy and military of ancient Rome (753 BC – 476 AD).
See Roman Empire and Ancient Roman technology
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. Roman Empire and ancient Rome are ancient Italian history, former empires, former monarchies of Europe and states and territories disestablished in the 5th century.
See Roman Empire and Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome and wine
Ancient Rome played a pivotal role in the history of wine.
See Roman Empire and Ancient Rome and wine
Andreas Palaiologos
Andreas Palaiologos (Ἀνδρέας Παλαιολόγος; 17 January 1453 – June 1502), sometimes anglicized to Andrew Palaeologus, was the eldest son of Thomas Palaiologos, Despot of the Morea.
See Roman Empire and Andreas Palaiologos
Andrew Wallace-Hadrill
Andrew Frederic Wallace-Hadrill, (born 29 July 1951) is a British ancient historian, classical archaeologist, and academic.
See Roman Empire and Andrew Wallace-Hadrill
Annals (Tacitus)
The Annals (Annales) by Roman historian and senator Tacitus is a history of the Roman Empire from the reign of Tiberius to that of Nero, the years AD 14–68.
See Roman Empire and Annals (Tacitus)
Antinous Mondragone
The Antinous Mondragone is a high marble example of the Mondragone type of the deified Antinous.
See Roman Empire and Antinous Mondragone
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou)Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ "Antioch on Daphne"; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη "Antioch the Great"; Antiochia ad Orontem; Անտիոք Antiokʽ; ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ Anṭiokya; אנטיוכיה, Anṭiyokhya; أنطاكية, Anṭākiya; انطاکیه; Antakya.
Antioch mosaics
The Antioch mosaics are a grouping of over 300 mosaic floors created around the 3rd century AD, and discovered during archaeological excavations of Antioch (Antioch on the Orontes, in modern Turkey) between 1932 and 1939 by a consortium of five museums and institutions.
See Roman Empire and Antioch mosaics
Antoninus Pius
Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius (19 September AD 86 – 7 March 161) was Roman emperor from AD 138 to 161.
See Roman Empire and Antoninus Pius
Aphrodisias
Aphrodisias (Aphrodisiás) was a small ancient Greek Hellenistic city in the historic Caria cultural region of western Asia Minor, today's Anatolia in Turkey.
See Roman Empire and Aphrodisias
Apicius
Apicius, also known as De re culinaria or De re coquinaria (On the Subject of Cooking), is a collection of Roman cookery recipes, which may have been compiled in the fifth century CE, or earlier.
Apollodorus of Damascus
Apollodorus of Damascus (Ἀπολλόδωρος ὁ Δαμασκηνός) was an architect and engineer from Roman Syria, who flourished during the 2nd century AD.
See Roman Empire and Apollodorus of Damascus
Apotheosis
Apotheosis, also called divinization or deification, is the glorification of a subject to divine levels and, commonly, the treatment of a human being, any other living thing, or an abstract idea in the likeness of a deity.
See Roman Empire and Apotheosis
Apparitor
In ancient Rome, an apparitor (also spelled apparator in English, or shortened to paritor) was a civil servant whose salary was paid from the public treasury.
See Roman Empire and Apparitor
Appellate court
An appellate court, commonly called a court of appeal(s), appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.
See Roman Empire and Appellate court
Aqua Anio Novus
Aqua Anio Novus (Latin for "New Anio aqueduct") was an ancient Roman aqueduct supplying the city of Rome.
See Roman Empire and Aqua Anio Novus
Aqua Claudia
Aqua Claudia ("the Claudian water") was an ancient Roman aqueduct that, like the Aqua Anio Novus, was begun by Emperor Caligula (37–41 AD) in 38 AD and finished by Emperor Claudius (41–54 AD) in 52 AD.
See Roman Empire and Aqua Claudia
Aqua Marcia
The Aqua Marcia (Acqua Marcia) is one of the longest of the eleven aqueducts that supplied the city of Rome.
See Roman Empire and Aqua Marcia
Aquila (Roman)
An aquila was a prominent symbol used in ancient Rome, especially as the standard of a Roman legion.
See Roman Empire and Aquila (Roman)
Aquitanian language
The Aquitanian language was the language of the ancient Aquitani, spoken on both sides of the western Pyrenees in ancient Aquitaine (approximately between the Pyrenees and the Garonne, in the region later known as Gascony) and in the areas south of the Pyrenees in the valleys of the Basque Country before the Roman conquest.
See Roman Empire and Aquitanian language
Ara Pacis
The (Latin, "Altar of Augustan Peace"; commonly shortened to) is an altar in Rome dedicated to the Pax Romana.
See Roman Empire and Ara Pacis
Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years.
Arch
An arch is a curved vertical structure spanning an open space underneath it.
Arverni
The Arverni (Gaulish: *Aruernoi) were a Gallic people dwelling in the modern Auvergne region during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
As (Roman coin)
The as (assēs), occasionally assarius (assarii, rendered into Greek as ἀσσάριον, assárion), was a bronze, and later copper, coin used during the Roman Republic and Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and As (Roman coin)
Assassination of Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators on the Ides of March (15 March) of 44 BC during a meeting of the Senate at the Curia of Pompey of the Theatre of Pompey in Rome where the senators stabbed Caesar 23 times.
See Roman Empire and Assassination of Julius Caesar
Associations in ancient Rome
In ancient Rome, the principle of private association was recognized very early by the state.
See Roman Empire and Associations in ancient Rome
Athenian democracy
Athenian democracy developed around the 6th century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis) of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica.
See Roman Empire and Athenian democracy
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.
See Roman Empire and Atlantic Ocean
Attila
Attila, frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death, in early 453.
Auburn hair
Auburn hair is a human hair color, a variety of red hair, most commonly described as reddish-brown in color.
See Roman Empire and Auburn hair
Auctoritas
Auctoritas is a Latin word that is the origin of the English word "authority".
See Roman Empire and Auctoritas
Augustan literature (ancient Rome)
Augustan literature refers to the pieces of Latin literature that were written during the reign of Caesar Augustus (27 BC–AD 14), the first Roman emperor.
See Roman Empire and Augustan literature (ancient Rome)
Augustine of Hippo
Augustine of Hippo (Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430), also known as Saint Augustine, was a theologian and philosopher of Berber origin and the bishop of Hippo Regius in Numidia, Roman North Africa.
See Roman Empire and Augustine of Hippo
Augustus
Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (Octavianus), was the founder of the Roman Empire.
Augustus (title)
Augustus (plural Augusti;,; "majestic", "great" or "venerable") was the main title of the Roman emperors during Antiquity.
See Roman Empire and Augustus (title)
Aulos
An aulos (plural auloi; αὐλός, plural αὐλοί) or tibia (Latin) was a wind instrument in ancient Greece, often depicted in art and also attested by archaeology.
Aurelian
Aurelian (Lucius Domitius Aurelianus; 9 September 214 – November 275) was a Roman emperor who reigned from 270 to 275 during the Crisis of the Third Century.
Aureus
The aureus (aurei, 'golden', used as a noun) was a gold coin of ancient Rome originally valued at 25 pure silver denarii (sin. denarius).
Ausonius
Decimius Magnus Ausonius was a Roman poet and teacher of rhetoric from Burdigala, Aquitaine (now Bordeaux, France).
Autocracy
Autocracy is a system of government in which absolute power is held by the ruler, known as an autocrat.
See Roman Empire and Autocracy
Auxilia
The auxilia were introduced as non-citizen troops attached to the citizen legions by Augustus after his reorganisation of the Imperial Roman army from 27 BC.
Avaricum
Avaricum was an oppidum in ancient Gaul, near what is now the city of Bourges.
Backgammon
Backgammon is a two-player board game played with counters and dice on tables boards.
See Roman Empire and Backgammon
Barbarian
A barbarian is a person or tribe of people that is perceived to be primitive, savage and warlike.
See Roman Empire and Barbarian
Barracks emperor
A barracks emperor (also called a "soldier emperor") was a Roman emperor who seized power by virtue of his command of the army.
See Roman Empire and Barracks emperor
Barter
In trade, barter (derived from baretor) is a system of exchange in which participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money.
Base metal
A base metal is a common and inexpensive metal, as opposed to a precious metal such as gold or silver.
See Roman Empire and Base metal
Basilica of Junius Bassus
The Basilica of Junius Bassus (basilica Iunii Bassi) was a civil basilica on the Esquiline Hill in Rome, on a site now occupied by the Seminario Pontificio di Studi Orientali, in via Napoleone III, 3.
See Roman Empire and Basilica of Junius Bassus
Basque language
Basque (euskara) is the only surviving Paleo-European language spoken in Europe, predating the arrival of speakers of the Indo-European languages that dominate the continent today. Basque is spoken by the Basques and other residents of the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France.
See Roman Empire and Basque language
Battle of Actium
The Battle of Actium was a naval battle fought between Octavian's maritime fleet, led by Marcus Agrippa, and the combined fleets of both Mark Antony and Cleopatra.
See Roman Empire and Battle of Actium
Battle of Philippi
The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Liberators' civil war between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (of the Second Triumvirate) and the leaders of Julius Caesar's assassination, Brutus and Cassius, in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia.
See Roman Empire and Battle of Philippi
Battle of Ravenna (476)
The Battle of Ravenna, capital of the Western Roman Empire, between the Heruli under their King Odoacer and the remnants of the Western Roman army in Roman Italy occurred in early September 476, and represented a culminating event in the ongoing fall of the Western Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Battle of Ravenna (476)
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, described as the Varus Disaster or Varian Disaster (Clades Variana) by Roman historians, was a major battle between Germanic tribes and the Roman Empire that took place somewhere near modern Kalkriese from September 8–11, 9 AD, when an alliance of Germanic peoples ambushed three Roman legions led by Publius Quinctilius Varus and their auxiliaries.
See Roman Empire and Battle of the Teutoburg Forest
Beirut
Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
Berytus
Berytus (Biruta; Bērytós; Bērȳtus), briefly known as Laodicea in Phoenicia (Λαοδίκεια ἡ ἐν Φοινίκῃ) or Laodicea in Canaan from the 2nd century to 64 BCE, was the ancient city of Beirut (in modern-day Lebanon) from the Roman Republic through the Roman Empire and Early Byzantine period/late antiquity.
Bithynia
Bithynia (Bithynía) was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea.
Bituriges Cubi
The Bituriges Cubi (Gaulish: Biturīges Cubi) were a Gallic tribe dwelling in a territory corresponding to the later province of Berry, which is named after them, during the Iron Age and the Roman period.
See Roman Empire and Bituriges Cubi
Black Sea
The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia.
See Roman Empire and Black Sea
Blond
Blond or blonde, also referred to as fair hair, is a human hair color characterized by low levels of eumelanin, the dark pigment.
Board game
Board games are tabletop games that typically use.
See Roman Empire and Board game
Borders of the Roman Empire
The borders of the Roman Empire, which fluctuated throughout the empire's history, were realised as a combination of military roads and linked forts, natural frontiers (most notably the Rhine and Danube rivers) and man-made fortifications which separated the lands of the empire from the countries beyond.
See Roman Empire and Borders of the Roman Empire
Boscoreale Treasure
The Boscoreale Treasure is a large collection of exquisite silver and gold Roman objects discovered in the ruins of the ancient Villa della Pisanella at Boscoreale, near Pompeii, southern Italy.
See Roman Empire and Boscoreale Treasure
Bourges
Bourges is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre.
Braccae
Braccae is the Latin term for "trousers", and in this context is today used to refer to a style of trousers made from wool.
Brass instrument
A brass instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the player's lips.
See Roman Empire and Brass instrument
Brazier
A brazier is a container used to burn charcoal or other solid fuel for cooking, heating or cultural rituals.
Bread and circuses
"Bread and circuses" (or bread and games; from Latin: panem et circenses) is a metonymic phrase referring to superficial appeasement.
See Roman Empire and Bread and circuses
Brown hair
Brown hair, also referred to as brunette (when female) or brunet (when male), is the second-most common human hair color, after black hair.
See Roman Empire and Brown hair
Bullion
Bullion is non-ferrous metal that has been refined to a high standard of elemental purity.
Bullion coin
A bullion coin (also known as a specie) is a coin struck from highly refined precious metal (bullion) and kept as a store of value or an investment rather than used in day-to-day commerce.
See Roman Empire and Bullion coin
Burial society
A burial society is a type of benefit/friendly society.
See Roman Empire and Burial society
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire are former countries in Africa, former countries in Europe, former countries in West Asia, former empires, former monarchies of Europe, historical transcontinental empires, history of the Mediterranean and states and territories disestablished in 1453.
See Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire
Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty
The Byzantine Empire underwent a golden age under the Justinian dynasty, beginning in 518 AD with the accession of Justin I. Under the Justinian dynasty, particularly the reign of Justinian I, the empire reached its greatest territorial extent since the fall of its Western counterpart, reincorporating North Africa, southern Illyria, southern Spain, and Italy into the empire.
See Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty
Byzantine senate
The Byzantine senate or Eastern Roman senate (Σύγκλητος,, or Γερουσία) was a continuation of the Roman Senate, established in the 4th century by Constantine I. It survived for centuries, but the senate's powers varied greatly during its history and gradually diminished until its eventual disappearance in the 14th century.
See Roman Empire and Byzantine senate
Cage cup
A cage cup, also vas diatretum, plural diatreta, or "reticulated cup" is a type of luxury late Roman glass vessel, found from roughly the 4th century, and "the pinnacle of Roman achievements in glass-making".
Caligula
Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 – 24 January 41), better known by his nickname Caligula, was Roman emperor from AD 37 until his assassination in AD 41.
Calligraphy
Calligraphy is a visual art related to writing.
See Roman Empire and Calligraphy
Calorie
The calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat.
Campaign history of the Roman military
From its origin as a city-state on the peninsula of Italy in the 8th century BC, to its rise as an empire covering much of Southern Europe, Western Europe, Near East and North Africa to its fall in the 5th century AD, the political history of Ancient Rome was closely entwined with its military history.
See Roman Empire and Campaign history of the Roman military
Campus Martius
The Campus Martius (Latin for 'Field of Mars'; Italian: Campo Marzio) was a publicly owned area of ancient Rome about in extent.
See Roman Empire and Campus Martius
Canon (basic principle)
The term canon derives from the Greek, meaning "rule", and thence via Latin and Old French into English.
See Roman Empire and Canon (basic principle)
Capacity (law)
Legal capacity is a quality denoting either the legal aptitude of a person to have rights and liabilities (in this sense also called transaction capacity), or altogether the personhood itself in regard to an entity other than a natural person (in this sense also called legal personality).
See Roman Empire and Capacity (law)
Cappadocia (Roman province)
Cappadocia was a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central-eastern Turkey), with its capital at Caesarea.
See Roman Empire and Cappadocia (Roman province)
Caracalla
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (born Lucius Septimius Bassianus, 4 April 188 – 8 April 217), better known by his nickname Caracalla, was Roman emperor from 198 to 217 AD.
See Roman Empire and Caracalla
Carmen (verse)
In Ancient Rome, carmen was generally used to signify a verse, but in its proper sense, it referred to a spell or prayer, form of expiation, execration, etc.
See Roman Empire and Carmen (verse)
Cassius Dio
Lucius Cassius Dio, also known as Dio Cassius (Δίων Κάσσιος), was a Roman historian and senator of maternal Greek origin.
See Roman Empire and Cassius Dio
Castra
In the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Latin word castrum (castra) was a military-related term.
Catholic Monarchs of Spain
The Catholic Monarchs were Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, whose marriage and joint rule marked the de facto unification of Spain.
See Roman Empire and Catholic Monarchs of Spain
Cádiz
Cádiz is a city in Spain and the capital of the Province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia.
Celtic languages
The Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from Proto-Celtic.
See Roman Empire and Celtic languages
Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.
Cena
In Ancient Roman culture, cena or coena was the main meal of the day.
Central bank
A central bank, reserve bank, national bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union.
See Roman Empire and Central bank
Centuria
Centuria (centuriae) is a Latin term (from the stem centum meaning one hundred) denoting military units originally consisting of 100 men.
Chariot racing
Chariot racing (ἁρματοδρομία, harmatodromía; ludi circenses) was one of the most popular ancient Greek, Roman, and Byzantine sports.
See Roman Empire and Chariot racing
Charlemagne
Charlemagne (2 April 748 – 28 January 814) was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Emperor, of what is now known as the Carolingian Empire, from 800, holding these titles until his death in 814.
See Roman Empire and Charlemagne
Charles VIII of France
Charles VIII, called the Affable (l'Affable; 30 June 1470 – 7 April 1498), was King of France from 1483 to his death in 1498.
See Roman Empire and Charles VIII of France
Chef
A chef is a professional cook and tradesperson who is proficient in all aspects of food preparation, often focusing on a particular cuisine.
Child abandonment
Child abandonment is the practice of relinquishing interests and claims over one's offspring in an illegal way, with the intent of never resuming or reasserting guardianship.
See Roman Empire and Child abandonment
Chrism
Chrism, also called myrrh, myron, holy anointing oil, and consecrated oil, is a consecrated oil used in the Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrian, Nordic Lutheran, Anglican, and Old Catholic churches in the administration of certain sacraments and ecclesiastical functions.
Christendom
Christendom refers to Christian states, Christian-majority countries or countries in which Christianity is dominant or prevails. Roman Empire and Christendom are western culture.
See Roman Empire and Christendom
Christian apologetics
Christian apologetics (ἀπολογία, "verbal defense, speech in defense") is a branch of Christian theology that defends Christianity.
See Roman Empire and Christian apologetics
Christian Church
In ecclesiology, the Christian Church is what different Christian denominations conceive of as being the true body of Christians or the original institution established by Jesus Christ.
See Roman Empire and Christian Church
Christian martyr
In Christianity, a martyr is a person who was killed for their testimony for Jesus or faith in Jesus.
See Roman Empire and Christian martyr
Christianity as the Roman state religion
In the year before the Council of Constantinople in 381, the Trinitarian version of Christianity became the official religion of the Roman Empire when Emperor Theodosius I issued the Edict of Thessalonica in 380, which recognized the catholic orthodoxy of Nicene Christians as the Roman Empire's state religion.
See Roman Empire and Christianity as the Roman state religion
Christopher Kelly (historian)
Christopher Kelly (born 1964) is an Australian classicist and historian, who specializes in the later Roman Empire and the classical tradition.
See Roman Empire and Christopher Kelly (historian)
Chthonic
The word chthonic, or chthonian, is derived from the Ancient Greek word χθών, "khthon", meaning earth or soil.
Church Fathers
The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity.
See Roman Empire and Church Fathers
Cilician pirates
Cilician pirates dominated the Mediterranean Sea from the 2nd century BC until their suppression by Pompey in 67–66 BC. Roman Empire and Cilician pirates are history of the Mediterranean.
See Roman Empire and Cilician pirates
Circus Maximus
The Circus Maximus (Latin for "largest circus"; Italian: Circo Massimo) is an ancient Roman chariot-racing stadium and mass entertainment venue in Rome, Italy.
See Roman Empire and Circus Maximus
Civil disorder
Civil disorder, also known as civil disturbance, civil unrest, civil strife, or turmoil, are situations when law enforcement struggle to maintain public order or tranquility.
See Roman Empire and Civil disorder
Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
The civil wars of the Tetrarchy were a series of conflicts between the co-emperors of the Roman Empire, starting from 306 AD with the usurpation of Maxentius and the defeat of Severus to the defeat of Licinius at the hands of Constantine I in 324 AD.
See Roman Empire and Civil wars of the Tetrarchy
Civitas
In Ancient Rome, the Latin term civitas (plural civitates), according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by law (concilium coetusque hominum jure sociati).
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin. Roman Empire and classical antiquity are history of the Mediterranean and western culture.
See Roman Empire and Classical antiquity
Classical Latin
Classical Latin is the form of Literary Latin recognized as a literary standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Classical Latin
Classical mythology
Classical mythology, also known as Greco-Roman mythology or Greek and Roman mythology, is the collective body and study of myths from the ancient Greeks and ancient Romans.
See Roman Empire and Classical mythology
Classical tradition
The Western classical tradition is the reception of classical Greco-Roman antiquity by later cultures, especially the post-classical West, involving texts, imagery, objects, ideas, institutions, monuments, architecture, cultural artifacts, rituals, practices, and sayings. Roman Empire and classical tradition are western culture.
See Roman Empire and Classical tradition
Classicism
Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate.
See Roman Empire and Classicism
Claudian
Claudius Claudianus, known in English as Claudian (Greek: Κλαυδιανός), was a Latin poet associated with the court of the Roman emperor Honorius at Mediolanum (Milan), and particularly with the general Stilicho.
Claudius
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (1 August – 13 October) was a Roman emperor, ruling from to 54.
Cleopatra
Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator (Κλεοπάτρα Θεά ΦιλοπάτωρThe name Cleopatra is pronounced, or sometimes in British English, see, the same as in American English.. Her name was pronounced in the Greek dialect of Egypt (see Koine Greek phonology);Also "Thea Neotera", lit.
See Roman Empire and Cleopatra
Clifford Ando
Clifford Ando (born 1969) is an American classicist who specializes in Roman law and religion.
See Roman Empire and Clifford Ando
Codex
The codex (codices) was the historical ancestor of the modern book.
Codex Gregorianus
The Codex Gregorianus (Eng. Gregorian Code) is the title of a collection of constitutions (legal pronouncements) of Roman emperors over a century and a half from the 130s to 290s AD.
See Roman Empire and Codex Gregorianus
Codex Hermogenianus
The Codex Hermogenianus (Eng. Hermogenian Code) is the title of a collection of constitutions (legal pronouncements) of the Roman emperors of the first tetrarchy (Diocletian, Maximian Augusti, and Constantius and Galerius Caesars), mostly from the years 293–94.
See Roman Empire and Codex Hermogenianus
Cohort (military unit)
A cohort (from the Latin cohors,: cohortes; see wikt:cohors for full inflection table) was a standard tactical military unit of a Roman legion.
See Roman Empire and Cohort (military unit)
Cohortes urbanae
The cohortes urbanae (Latin meaning urban cohorts) of ancient Rome were created by Augustus to counterbalance the enormous power of the Praetorian Guard in the city of Rome and serve as a police service.
See Roman Empire and Cohortes urbanae
Collegium (ancient Rome)
A collegium (collegia) or college was any association in ancient Rome that acted as a legal entity.
See Roman Empire and Collegium (ancient Rome)
Colonia (Roman)
A Roman colonia (coloniae) was originally a settlement of Roman citizens, establishing a Roman outpost in federated or conquered territory, for the purpose of securing it.
See Roman Empire and Colonia (Roman)
Colosseum
The Colosseum (Colosseo) is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy, just east of the Roman Forum.
See Roman Empire and Colosseum
Commodity
In economics, a commodity is an economic good, usually a resource, that specifically has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them.
See Roman Empire and Commodity
Commodus
Commodus (31 August 161 – 31 December 192) was a Roman emperor who ruled from 177 until his assassination in 192.
Como
Como (Comasco, Cómm or Cùmm; Novum Comum) is a city and comune (municipality) in Lombardy, Italy.
Composition (visual arts)
The term composition means "putting together".
See Roman Empire and Composition (visual arts)
Confraternity
A confraternity (cofradía; confraria) is generally a Christian voluntary association of laypeople created for the purpose of promoting special works of Christian charity or piety, and approved by the Church hierarchy.
See Roman Empire and Confraternity
Conscription
Conscription is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national service, mainly a military service.
See Roman Empire and Conscription
Constantine the Great
Constantine I (27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity.
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Constantine the Great and Christianity
During the reign of the Roman emperor Constantine the Great (306–337 AD), Christianity began to transition to the dominant religion of the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Constantine the Great and Christianity
Constantine XI Palaiologos
Constantine XI Dragases Palaiologos or Dragaš Palaeologus (Κωνσταντῖνος Δραγάσης Παλαιολόγος,; 8 February 140429 May 1453) was the last Roman/Byzantine emperor, reigning from 1449 until his death in battle at the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.
See Roman Empire and Constantine XI Palaiologos
Constantinian dynasty
The Constantinian dynasty is an informal name for the ruling family of the Roman Empire from Constantius Chlorus (died 306) to the death of Julian in 363.
See Roman Empire and Constantinian dynasty
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.
See Roman Empire and Constantinople
Constitutio Antoniniana
The Constitutio Antoniniana (Latin for "Constitution of Antoninus"), also called the Edict of Caracalla or the Antonine Constitution, was an edict issued in AD 212 by the Roman emperor Caracalla.
See Roman Empire and Constitutio Antoniniana
Constitutional reforms of Augustus
The constitutional reforms of Augustus were a series of laws that were enacted by the Roman Emperor Augustus between 30 BC and 2 BC, which transformed the Constitution of the Roman Republic into the Constitution of the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Constitutional reforms of Augustus
Consualia
The Consualia or Consuales Ludi was the name of two ancient Roman festivals in honor of Consus, a tutelary deity of the harvest and stored grain.
See Roman Empire and Consualia
Contubernium (Roman army unit)
The contubernium (Latin for 'tenting-together') was the smallest organized unit of soldiers in the Roman Army and was composed of ten legionaries, essentially the equivalent of a modern squad, although unlike modern squads contubernia seemed to serve no tactical role in battle.
See Roman Empire and Contubernium (Roman army unit)
Conversion to Christianity
Conversion to Christianity is the religious conversion of a previously non-Christian person that brings about changes in what sociologists refer to as the convert's "root reality" including their social behaviors, thinking and ethics.
See Roman Empire and Conversion to Christianity
Coptic language
Coptic (Bohairic Coptic) is a group of closely related Egyptian dialects, representing the most recent developments of the Egyptian language, and historically spoken by the Copts, starting from the third century AD in Roman Egypt.
See Roman Empire and Coptic language
Copyright
A copyright is a type of intellectual property that gives its owner the exclusive legal right to copy, distribute, adapt, display, and perform a creative work, usually for a limited time.
See Roman Empire and Copyright
Cornu (horn)
A cornu or cornum (cornū, cornūs or cornum, "horn", sometimes translated misleadingly as "cornet";: cornua) was an ancient Roman brass instrument about long in the shape of a letter 'G'.
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Corporal punishment
A corporal punishment or a physical punishment is a punishment which is intended to cause physical pain to a person.
See Roman Empire and Corporal punishment
Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
The Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (CIL) is a comprehensive collection of ancient Latin inscriptions.
See Roman Empire and Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum
Credit
Credit (from Latin verb credit, meaning "one believes") is the trust which allows one party to provide money or resources to another party wherein the second party does not reimburse the first party immediately (thereby generating a debt), but promises either to repay or return those resources (or other materials of equal value) at a later date.
Crisis of the Roman Republic
The crisis of the Roman Republic was an extended period of political instability and social unrest from about to 44 BC that culminated in the demise of the Roman Republic and the advent of the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Crisis of the Roman Republic
Crisis of the Third Century
The Crisis of the Third Century, also known as the Military Anarchy or the Imperial Crisis (235–285), was a period in Roman history during which the Roman Empire had nearly collapsed under the combined pressure of repeated foreign invasions, civil wars and economic disintegration.
See Roman Empire and Crisis of the Third Century
Crop rotation
Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area across a sequence of growing seasons.
See Roman Empire and Crop rotation
Crucifixion
Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross, beam or stake and left to hang until eventual death.
See Roman Empire and Crucifixion
Cura annonae
In Imperial Rome, Cura Annonae ("care of Annona") was the import and distribution of grain to the residents of the cities of Rome and, after its foundation, Constantinople.
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Curator Aquarum
The Curator Aquarum was a Roman official responsible for managing Rome's water supply and distributing free grain.
See Roman Empire and Curator Aquarum
Curiales
In ancient Rome, the curiales (from co + viria, 'gathering of men') were initially the leading members of a gentes (clan) of the city of Rome.
Curse tablet
A curse tablet (tabella defixionis, defixio; katadesmos) is a small tablet with a curse written on it from the Greco-Roman world.
See Roman Empire and Curse tablet
Cursus honorum
The paren, or more colloquially 'ladder of offices') was the sequential order of public offices held by aspiring politicians in the Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire. It was designed for men of senatorial rank. The cursus honorum comprised a mixture of military and political administration posts; the ultimate prize for winning election to each "rung" in the sequence was to become one of the two consuls in a given year.
See Roman Empire and Cursus honorum
Cursus publicus
The cursus publicus (Latin: "the public way"; δημόσιος δρόμος, dēmósios drómos) was the state mandated and supervised courier and transportation service of the Roman Empire, whose use continued into the Eastern Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Cursus publicus
Cybele
Cybele (Phrygian: Matar Kubileya/Kubeleya "Kubileya/Kubeleya Mother", perhaps "Mountain Mother"; Lydian Kuvava; Κυβέλη Kybele, Κυβήβη Kybebe, Κύβελις Kybelis) is an Anatolian mother goddess; she may have a possible forerunner in the earliest neolithic at Çatalhöyük.
Damnatio ad bestias
Damnatio ad bestias (Latin for "condemnation to beasts") was a form of Roman capital punishment where the condemned person was killed by wild animals, usually lions or other big cats.
See Roman Empire and Damnatio ad bestias
Danube
The Danube (see also other names) is the second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia.
Danubian provinces
The Danubian provinces of the Roman Empire were the provinces of the Lower Danube, within a geographical area encompassing the middle and lower Danube basins, the Eastern Alps, the Dinarides, and the Balkans.
See Roman Empire and Danubian provinces
Daqin
Daqin (alternative transliterations include Tachin, Tai-Ch'in) is the ancient Chinese name for the Roman Empire or, depending on context, the Near East, especially Syria.
De aquaeductu
De aquaeductu (On aqueducts) is a two-book official report given to the emperor Nerva or Trajan on the state of the aqueducts of Rome, and was written by Sextus Julius Frontinus at the end of the 1st century AD.
See Roman Empire and De aquaeductu
De facto
De facto describes practices that exist in reality, regardless of whether they are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms.
De jure
In law and government, de jure describes practices that are legally recognized, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.
Debasement
A debasement of coinage is the practice of lowering the intrinsic value of coins, especially when used in connection with commodity money, such as gold or silver coins, while continuing to circulate it at face value.
See Roman Empire and Debasement
Debt
Debt is an obligation that requires one party, the debtor, to pay money borrowed or otherwise withheld from another party, the creditor.
Decian persecution
The Decian persecution of Christians occurred in 250 AD under the Roman Emperor Decius.
See Roman Empire and Decian persecution
Decorative arts
The decorative arts are arts or crafts whose aim is the design and manufacture of objects that are both beautiful and functional.
See Roman Empire and Decorative arts
Deforestation during the Roman period
Deforestation during the Roman period was a result of the geographical expansion of the Roman Empire, with its increased population, large-scale agriculture, and unprecedented economic development.
See Roman Empire and Deforestation during the Roman period
Denarius
The denarius (dēnāriī) was the standard Roman silver coin from its introduction in the Second Punic War to the reign of Gordian III (AD 238–244), when it was gradually replaced by the antoninianus.
Dendera Temple complex
The Dendera Temple complex (Ancient Egyptian: Iunet or Tantere; the 19th-century English spelling in most sources, including Belzoni, was Tentyra; also spelled Denderah) is located about south-east of Dendera, Egypt.
See Roman Empire and Dendera Temple complex
Deposit account
A deposit account is a bank account maintained by a financial institution in which a customer can deposit and withdraw money.
See Roman Empire and Deposit account
Deposition of Romulus Augustus
Odoacer's deposition of Romulus Augustus, occurring in 476 AD, was a coup that marked the end of the reign of the Western Roman Emperor last approved by the Western Roman Senate and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy, although Julius Nepos exercised control over Dalmatia until 480.
See Roman Empire and Deposition of Romulus Augustus
Dice
Dice (die or dice) are small, throwable objects with marked sides that can rest in multiple positions.
Diglossia
In linguistics, diglossia is a situation in which two dialects or languages are used (in fairly strict compartmentalization) by a single language community.
See Roman Empire and Diglossia
Dignitas (Roman concept)
Dignitas is a Latin word referring to a unique, intangible, and culturally subjective social concept in the ancient Roman mindset.
See Roman Empire and Dignitas (Roman concept)
Diocletian
Diocletian (Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus, Diokletianós; 242/245 – 311/312), nicknamed Jovius, was Roman emperor from 284 until his abdication in 305.
See Roman Empire and Diocletian
Diocletianic Persecution
The Diocletianic or Great Persecution was the last and most severe persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Diocletianic Persecution
Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Διονύσιος ἈλεξάνδρουἉλικαρνασσεύς,; – after 7 BC) was a Greek historian and teacher of rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Emperor Augustus.
See Roman Empire and Dionysius of Halicarnassus
Direct tax
Although the actual definitions vary between jurisdictions, in general, a direct tax or income tax is a tax imposed upon a person or property as distinct from a tax imposed upon a transaction, which is described as an indirect tax.
See Roman Empire and Direct tax
Divine right of kings
In European Christianity, the divine right of kings, divine right, or God's mandation, is a political and religious doctrine of political legitimacy of a monarchy.
See Roman Empire and Divine right of kings
Doll
A doll is a model typically of a human or humanoid character, often used as a toy for children.
Dome
A dome is an architectural element similar to the hollow upper half of a sphere.
Domicile (law)
In law and conflict of laws, domicile is relevant to an individual's "personal law", which includes the law that governs a person's status and their property.
See Roman Empire and Domicile (law)
Dominate
The Dominate, also known as the late Roman Empire, is the despotic form of imperial government of the late Roman Empire.
Dominus (title)
Dominus is the Latin word for master or owner.
See Roman Empire and Dominus (title)
Domitian
Domitian (Domitianus; 24 October 51 – 18 September 96) was Roman emperor from 81 to 96.
Domus
In ancient Rome, the domus (domūs, genitive: domūs or domī) was the type of town house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen during the Republican and Imperial eras.
Donativum
The donativum (plural donativa) was a gift of money by the Roman emperors to the soldiers of the Roman legions or to the Praetorian Guard.
See Roman Empire and Donativum
Double standard
A double standard is the application of different sets of principles for situations that are, in principle, the same.
See Roman Empire and Double standard
Drag (entertainment)
Drag is a performance of exaggerated femininity, masculinity, or other forms of gender expression, usually for entertainment purposes.
See Roman Empire and Drag (entertainment)
Druid
A druid was a member of the high-ranking priestly class in ancient Celtic cultures.
Early Christianity
Early Christianity, otherwise called the Early Church or Paleo-Christianity, describes the historical era of the Christian religion up to the First Council of Nicaea in 325.
See Roman Empire and Early Christianity
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century.
See Roman Empire and Early Middle Ages
Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, officially the Orthodox Catholic Church, and also called the Greek Orthodox Church or simply the Orthodox Church, is the second-largest Christian church, with approximately 230 million baptised members.
See Roman Empire and Eastern Orthodox Church
Economic collapse
Economic collapse, also called economic meltdown, is any of a broad range of bad economic conditions, ranging from a severe, prolonged depression with high bankruptcy rates and high unemployment (such as the Great Depression of the 1930s), to a breakdown in normal commerce caused by hyperinflation (such as in Weimar Germany in the 1920s), or even an economically caused sharp rise in the death rate and perhaps even a decline in population (such as in countries of the former USSR in the 1990s).
See Roman Empire and Economic collapse
Economic history
Economic history is the study of history using methodological tools from economics or with a special attention to economic phenomena.
See Roman Empire and Economic history
Economic rationalism
Economic rationalism is an Australian term often used in the discussion of macroeconomic policy, applicable to the economic policy of many governments around the world, in particular during the 1980s and 1990s.
See Roman Empire and Economic rationalism
Economics of the Roman army
The economics of the Roman army concerns the costs of maintaining the Imperial Roman army and the infrastructure to support it, as well as the economic development to which the presence of long-term military bases contributed.
See Roman Empire and Economics of the Roman army
Economies of scale
In microeconomics, economies of scale are the cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, and are typically measured by the amount of output produced per unit of time.
See Roman Empire and Economies of scale
Ecumene
In ancient Greece, the term ecumene (U.S.) or oecumene (UK) denoted the known, inhabited, or habitable world.
Edict of Milan
The Edict of Milan (Edictum Mediolanense; Διάταγμα τῶν Μεδιολάνων, Diatagma tōn Mediolanōn) was the February 313 AD agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Edict of Milan
Edict of Thessalonica
The Edict of Thessalonica (also known as Cunctos populos), issued on 27 February AD 380 by Theodosius I, made Nicene Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Edict of Thessalonica
Edward Gibbon
Edward Gibbon (8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English essayist, historian, and politician.
See Roman Empire and Edward Gibbon
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language.
See Roman Empire and Egyptian hieroglyphs
Elizabeth Digeser
Elizabeth DePalma Digeser is an American scholar of Ancient Roman history, with an emphasis on late antiquity.
See Roman Empire and Elizabeth Digeser
Empire of Nicaea
The Empire of Nicaea (Βασιλεία Ῥωμαίων) or the Nicene Empire was the largest of the three Byzantine GreekA Short history of Greece from early times to 1964 by W. A. Heurtley, H. C. Darby, C. W. Crawley, C. M. Woodhouse (1967), p. 55: "There in the prosperous city of Nicaea, Theodoros Laskaris, the son in law of a former Byzantine Emperor, establish a court that soon become the Small but reviving Greek empire." rump states founded by the aristocracy of the Byzantine Empire that fled when Constantinople was occupied by Western European and Venetian armed forces during the Fourth Crusade, a military event known as the Sack of Constantinople. Roman Empire and empire of Nicaea are former empires and former monarchies of Europe.
See Roman Empire and Empire of Nicaea
Empire of Thessalonica
The Empire of Thessalonica is a historiographic term used by some modern scholars to refer to the short-lived Byzantine Greek state centred on the city of Thessalonica between 1224 and 1246 (sensu stricto until 1242) and ruled by the Komnenodoukas dynasty of Epirus. Roman Empire and Empire of Thessalonica are former monarchies of Europe.
See Roman Empire and Empire of Thessalonica
Empire of Trebizond
The Empire of Trebizond or the Trapezuntine Empire was a successor state of the Byzantine Empire that existed during the 13th through to the 15th century.
See Roman Empire and Empire of Trebizond
Engineering tolerance
Engineering tolerance is the permissible limit or limits of variation in.
See Roman Empire and Engineering tolerance
Ephesus
Ephesus (Éphesos; Efes; may ultimately derive from Apaša) was a city in Ancient Greece on the coast of Ionia, southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province, Turkey.
Epidemic
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time.
Epigram
An epigram is a brief, interesting, memorable, sometimes surprising or satirical statement.
Epona
In Gallo-Roman religion, Epona was a protector of horses, ponies, donkeys, and mules.
Epulones
The epulones (Latin for "feasters"; sing. epulo) was a religious organization of Ancient Rome.
Equites
The equites (though sometimes referred to as "knights" in English) constituted the second of the property-based classes of ancient Rome, ranking below the senatorial class.
Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum
Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum has been both exhibited as art and censored as pornography.
See Roman Empire and Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum
Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
Of the many eruptions of Mount Vesuvius, a major stratovolcano in Southern Italy, the best-known is its eruption in 79 AD, which was one of the deadliest in history.
See Roman Empire and Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD
Etruscan architecture
Etruscan architecture was created between about 900 BC and 27 BC, when the expanding civilization of ancient Rome finally absorbed Etruscan civilization.
See Roman Empire and Etruscan architecture
Eunuch
A eunuch is a male who has been castrated.
Euphrates
The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
See Roman Empire and Euphrates
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Exfoliation (cosmetology)
In cosmetology, exfoliation is the removal of the surface skin cells and built-up dirt from the skin's surface.
See Roman Empire and Exfoliation (cosmetology)
Fall of Constantinople
The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Fall of Constantinople
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.
See Roman Empire and Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Family in ancient Rome
The ancient Roman family was a complex social structure, based mainly on the nuclear family, but also included various combinations of other members, such as extended family members, household slaves, and freed slaves.
See Roman Empire and Family in ancient Rome
Family values
Family values, sometimes referred to as familial values, are traditional or cultural values that pertain to the family's structure, function, roles, beliefs, attitudes, and ideals.
See Roman Empire and Family values
Farm (revenue leasing)
Farming or tax-farming is a technique of financial management in which the management of a variable revenue stream is assigned by legal contract to a third party and the holder of the revenue stream receives fixed periodic rents from the contractor.
See Roman Empire and Farm (revenue leasing)
Fashion brand
The term "fashion brand" (or "fashion label") includes all the brands that operate within the fashion industry.
See Roman Empire and Fashion brand
Fasting
Fasting is abstention from eating and sometimes drinking.
Fayum mummy portraits
Mummy portraits or Fayum mummy portraits are a type of naturalistic painted portrait on wooden boards attached to upper class mummies from Roman Egypt.
See Roman Empire and Fayum mummy portraits
Fiat money
Fiat money is a type of currency that is not backed by a precious metal, such as gold or silver, or backed by any other tangible asset or commodity.
See Roman Empire and Fiat money
Figurative art
Figurative art, sometimes written as figurativism, describes artwork (particularly paintings and sculptures) that is clearly derived from real object sources and so is, by definition, representational.
See Roman Empire and Figurative art
Financial capital
Financial capital (also simply known as capital or equity in finance, accounting and economics) is any economic resource measured in terms of money used by entrepreneurs and businesses to buy what they need to make their products or to provide their services to the sector of the economy upon which their operation is based (e.g.
See Roman Empire and Financial capital
Financial endowment
A financial endowment is a legal structure for managing, and in many cases indefinitely perpetuating, a pool of financial, real estate, or other investments for a specific purpose according to the will of its founders and donors.
See Roman Empire and Financial endowment
Fine dining
Fine dining is a restaurant experience that is typically more sophisticated, unique, and expensive than at a typical restaurant.
See Roman Empire and Fine dining
Fish sauce
Fish sauce is a liquid condiment made from fish or krill that have been coated in salt and fermented for up to two years.
See Roman Empire and Fish sauce
Fishery
Fishery can mean either the enterprise of raising or harvesting fish and other aquatic life or, more commonly, the site where such enterprise takes place (a.k.a., fishing grounds).
Flamingo
Flamingos or flamingoes are a type of wading bird in the family Phoenicopteridae, which is the only extant family in the order Phoenicopteriformes.
Flavian dynasty
The Flavian dynasty, lasting from AD 69 to 96, was the second dynastic line of emperors to rule the Roman Empire following the Julio-Claudians, encompassing the reigns of Vespasian and his two sons, Titus and Domitian.
See Roman Empire and Flavian dynasty
Foodie
A foodie is a person who has an ardent or refined interest in food, and who eats food not only out of hunger but also as a hobby.
Forum (Roman)
A forum (Latin: forum, "public place outdoors",: fora; English: either fora or forums) was a public square in a Roman municipium, or any civitas, reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i.e., a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls.
See Roman Empire and Forum (Roman)
Founding Fathers of the United States
The Founding Fathers of the United States, commonly referred to as the Founding Fathers, were a group of late-18th-century American revolutionary leaders who united the Thirteen Colonies, oversaw the War of Independence from Great Britain, established the United States of America, and crafted a framework of government for the new nation.
See Roman Empire and Founding Fathers of the United States
Founding of Rome
The founding of Rome was a prehistoric event or process later greatly embellished by Roman historians and poets.
See Roman Empire and Founding of Rome
Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III.
See Roman Empire and Fourth Crusade
Fowl
Fowl are birds belonging to one of two biological orders, namely the gamefowl or landfowl (Galliformes) and the waterfowl (Anseriformes).
Fractional-reserve banking
Fractional-reserve banking is the system of banking in all countries worldwide, under which banks that take deposits from the public keep only part of their deposit liabilities in liquid assets as a reserve, typically lending the remainder to borrowers.
See Roman Empire and Fractional-reserve banking
Fresco
Fresco (or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster.
Frontinus
Sextus Julius Frontinus (c. 40 – 103 AD) was a prominent Roman civil engineer, author, soldier and senator of the late 1st century AD.
See Roman Empire and Frontinus
Fulling
Fulling, also known as tucking or walking (Scots: waukin, hence often spelled waulking in Scottish English), is a step in woollen clothmaking which involves the cleansing of woven cloth (particularly wool) to eliminate (lanolin) oils, dirt, and other impurities, and to make it shrink by friction and pressure.
Fullo
A fullo was a Roman fuller or laundry worker (plural: fullones), known from many inscriptions from Italy and the western half of the Roman Empire and references in Latin literature, e.g. by Plautus, Martialis and Pliny the Elder.
Funeral games
Funeral games are athletic competitions held in honor of a recently deceased person.
See Roman Empire and Funeral games
Gaius (jurist)
Gaius (fl. AD 130–180) was a Roman jurist.
See Roman Empire and Gaius (jurist)
Galen
Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (Κλαύδιος Γαληνός; September 129 – 216 AD), often anglicized as Galen or Galen of Pergamon, was a Roman and Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher.
Gallic Empire
The Gallic Empire or the Gallic Roman Empire are names used in modern historiography for a breakaway part of the Roman Empire that functioned de facto as a separate state from 260 to 274. Roman Empire and Gallic Empire are former empires and former monarchies of Europe.
See Roman Empire and Gallic Empire
Gallo-Roman religion
Gallo-Roman religion is a fusion of the traditional religious practices of the Gauls, who were originally Celtic speakers, and the Roman and Hellenistic religions introduced to the region under Roman Imperial rule.
See Roman Empire and Gallo-Roman religion
Gallo-Romance languages
The Gallo-Romance branch of the Romance languages includes in the narrowest sense the langues d'oïl and Franco-Provençal.
See Roman Empire and Gallo-Romance languages
Game (hunting)
Game or quarry is any wild animal hunted for animal products (primarily meat), for recreation ("sporting"), or for trophies.
See Roman Empire and Game (hunting)
Garum
Garum is a fermented fish sauce that was used as a condiment in the cuisines of Phoenicia, ancient Greece, Rome, Carthage and later Byzantium.
Gaulish
Gaulish is an extinct Celtic language spoken in parts of Continental Europe before and during the period of the Roman Empire.
Gear train
A gear train or gear set is a machine element of a mechanical system formed by mounting two or more gears on a frame such that the teeth of the gears engage.
See Roman Empire and Gear train
Genius (mythology)
In Roman religion, the genius (genii) is the individual instance of a general divine nature that is present in every individual person, place, or thing.
See Roman Empire and Genius (mythology)
Geographica
The Geographica (Γεωγραφικά, Geōgraphiká; Geographica or Strabonis Rerum Geographicarum Libri XVII, "Strabo's 17 Books on Geographical Topics") or Geography, is an encyclopedia of geographical knowledge, consisting of 17 'books', written in Greek in the late 1st century BC, or early 1st century AD, and attributed to Strabo, an educated citizen of the Roman Empire of Greek descent.
See Roman Empire and Geographica
Germanic paganism
Germanic paganism or Germanic religion refers to the traditional, culturally significant religion of the Germanic peoples.
See Roman Empire and Germanic paganism
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.
See Roman Empire and Germanic peoples
Germanic–Roman contacts
The contact between Germanic tribes and Romans can be divided into four aspects as defined by archaeologist Are Kolberg: the military, the trade, the gift, and the plunder aspect.
See Roman Empire and Germanic–Roman contacts
Gladiator
A gladiator (gladiator, "swordsman", from gladius, "sword") was an armed combatant who entertained audiences in the Roman Republic and Roman Empire in violent confrontations with other gladiators, wild animals, and condemned criminals.
See Roman Empire and Gladiator
Gladiatrix
The gladiatrix (gladiatrices) was a female gladiator of ancient Rome.
See Roman Empire and Gladiatrix
Glassblowing
Glassblowing is a glassforming technique that involves inflating molten glass into a bubble (or parison) with the aid of a blowpipe (or blow tube).
See Roman Empire and Glassblowing
Glossary of ancient Roman religion
The vocabulary of ancient Roman religion was highly specialized.
See Roman Empire and Glossary of ancient Roman religion
Gluttony
Gluttony (gula, derived from the Latin gluttire meaning "to gulp down or swallow") means over-indulgence and over-consumption of food or drink.
Gnomon
A gnomon is the part of a sundial that casts a shadow.
Goat meat
Goat meat is the meat of the domestic goat (Capra hircus).
See Roman Empire and Goat meat
Gourmet
Gourmet is a cultural idea associated with the culinary arts of fine food and drink, or haute cuisine, which is characterized by their high level of refined and elaborate food preparation techniques and displays of balanced meals that have an aesthetically pleasing presentation of several contrasting, often quite rich courses.
Government budget balance
The government budget balance, also referred to as the general government balance, public budget balance, or public fiscal balance, is the difference between government revenues and spending.
See Roman Empire and Government budget balance
Government debt
A country's gross government debt (also called public debt or sovereign debt) is the financial liabilities of the government sector.
See Roman Empire and Government debt
Grade (slope)
The grade (US) or gradient (UK) (also called stepth, slope, incline, mainfall, pitch or rise) of a physical feature, landform or constructed line refers to the tangent of the angle of that surface to the horizontal.
See Roman Empire and Grade (slope)
Grammarian (Greco-Roman)
In the Greco-Roman world, the grammarian (grammaticus) was responsible for the second stage in the traditional education system, after a boy had learned his basic Greek and Latin.
See Roman Empire and Grammarian (Greco-Roman)
Gravity
In physics, gravity is a fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between all things that have mass.
Great Fire of Rome
The Great Fire of Rome (incendium magnum Romae) began on the 18th of July 64 AD.
See Roman Empire and Great Fire of Rome
Greco-Roman mysteries
Mystery religions, mystery cults, sacred mysteries or simply mysteries, were religious schools of the Greco-Roman world for which participation was reserved to initiates (mystai).
See Roman Empire and Greco-Roman mysteries
Greece in the Roman era
Greece in the Roman era (Greek: Έλλάς, Latin: Graecia) describes the Roman conquest of the territory of the modern nation-state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically.
See Roman Empire and Greece in the Roman era
Greek East and Latin West
Greek East and Latin West are terms used to distinguish between the two parts of the Greco-Roman world and of medieval Christendom, specifically the eastern regions where Greek was the lingua franca (Greece, Anatolia, the southern Balkans, the Levant, and Egypt) and the western parts where Latin filled this role (Italy, Gaul, Hispania, North Africa, the northern Balkans, territories in Central Europe, and the British Isles). Roman Empire and Greek East and Latin West are western culture.
See Roman Empire and Greek East and Latin West
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean.
See Roman Empire and Greek language
Greek lyric
Greek lyric is the body of lyric poetry written in dialects of Ancient Greek.
See Roman Empire and Greek lyric
Greek Magical Papyri
The Greek Magical Papyri (Latin: Papyri Graecae Magicae, abbreviated PGM) is the name given by scholars to a body of papyri from Graeco-Roman Egypt, written mostly in ancient Greek (but also in Old Coptic, Demotic, etc.), which each contain a number of magical spells, formulae, hymns, and rituals.
See Roman Empire and Greek Magical Papyri
Greek mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology.
See Roman Empire and Greek mythology
Greek wrestling
Greek wrestling (pálē), also known as Ancient Greek wrestling and Pále (πάλη), was the most popular organized sport in Ancient Greece.
See Roman Empire and Greek wrestling
Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..
Greenland ice sheet
The Greenland ice sheet is an ice sheet which forms the second largest body of ice in the world.
See Roman Empire and Greenland ice sheet
Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire on the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century CE to mid 6th century CE. Roman Empire and Gupta Empire are former empires.
See Roman Empire and Gupta Empire
Hadrian
Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus; 24 January 76 – 10 July 138) was Roman emperor from 117 to 138.
Hadrian's Wall
Hadrian's Wall (Vallum Hadriani, also known as the Roman Wall, Picts' Wall, or Vallum Aelium in Latin) is a former defensive fortification of the Roman province of Britannia, begun in AD 122 in the reign of the Emperor Hadrian.
See Roman Empire and Hadrian's Wall
Harpastum
Harpastum, also known as harpustum, was a form of ball game played in the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Harpastum
Hellenistic art
Hellenistic art is the art of the Hellenistic period generally taken to begin with the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and end with the conquest of the Greek world by the Romans, a process well underway by 146 BC, when the Greek mainland was taken, and essentially ending in 30 BC with the conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt following the Battle of Actium.
See Roman Empire and Hellenistic art
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Roman Empire and Hellenistic period
Hellenistic religion
The concept of Hellenistic religion as the late form of Ancient Greek religion covers any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the people who lived under the influence of ancient Greek culture during the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire (300 BCE to 300 CE).
See Roman Empire and Hellenistic religion
Herennius Modestinus
Herennius Modestinus, or simply Modestinus, was a civil servant and a celebrated Roman jurist, a student of Ulpian who flourished about 250 AD.
See Roman Empire and Herennius Modestinus
Heresy in Christianity
Heresy in Christianity denotes the formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith as defined by one or more of the Christian churches.
See Roman Empire and Heresy in Christianity
Hero of Alexandria
Hero of Alexandria (Ἥρων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς,, also known as Heron of Alexandria; probably 1st or 2nd century AD) was a Greek mathematician and engineer who was active in Alexandria in Egypt during the Roman era.
See Roman Empire and Hero of Alexandria
Heroic nudity
Heroic nudity or ideal nudity is a concept in classical scholarship to describe the un-realist use of nudity in classical sculpture to show figures who may be heroes, deities, or semi-divine beings.
See Roman Empire and Heroic nudity
Heruli
The Heruli (or Herules) were an early Germanic people.
Hispania
Hispania (Hispanía; Hispānia) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula. Roman Empire and Hispania are states and territories disestablished in the 5th century.
Historical reenactment
Historical reenactments (or re-enactment) is an educational or entertainment activity in which mainly amateur hobbyists and history enthusiasts dress in historic uniforms and follow a plan to recreate aspects of a historical event or period.
See Roman Empire and Historical reenactment
Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
The causes and mechanisms of the fall of the Western Roman Empire are a historical theme that was introduced by historian Edward Gibbon in his 1776 book The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire
History of Athens
Athens is one of the oldest named cities in the world, having been continuously inhabited for perhaps 5,000 years.
See Roman Empire and History of Athens
History of China
The history of China spans several millennia across a wide geographical area.
See Roman Empire and History of China
History of Greek
Greek is an Indo-European language, the sole surviving descendant of the Hellenic sub-family.
See Roman Empire and History of Greek
History of Latin
Latin is a member of the broad family of Italic languages.
See Roman Empire and History of Latin
History of scrolls
A scroll (from the Old French escroe or escroue) is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper containing writing.
See Roman Empire and History of scrolls
History of the Roman Empire
The history of the Roman Empire covers the history of ancient Rome from the fall of the Roman Republic in 27 BC until the abdication of Romulus Augustulus in AD 476 in the West, and the Fall of Constantinople in the East in AD 1453.
See Roman Empire and History of the Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor. Roman Empire and Holy Roman Empire are former empires and former monarchies of Europe.
See Roman Empire and Holy Roman Empire
Homer
Homer (Ὅμηρος,; born) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.
Horace
Quintus Horatius Flaccus (8 December 65 BC – 27 November 8 BC),Suetonius,. commonly known in the English-speaking world as Horace, was the leading Roman lyric poet during the time of Augustus (also known as Octavian). The rhetorician Quintilian regarded his Odes as the only Latin lyrics worth reading: "He can be lofty sometimes, yet he is also full of charm and grace, versatile in his figures, and felicitously daring in his choice of words."Quintilian 10.1.96.
Horse racing
Horse racing is an equestrian performance activity, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys (or sometimes driven without riders) over a set distance for competition.
See Roman Empire and Horse racing
Human sacrifice
Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans as part of a ritual, which is usually intended to please or appease gods, a human ruler, public or jurisdictional demands for justice by capital punishment, an authoritative/priestly figure or spirits of dead ancestors or as a retainer sacrifice, wherein a monarch's servants are killed in order for them to continue to serve their master in the next life.
See Roman Empire and Human sacrifice
Humorism
Humorism, the humoral theory, or humoralism, was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers.
Huns
The Huns were a nomadic people who lived in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe between the 4th and 6th centuries AD. Roman Empire and Huns are states and territories disestablished in the 5th century.
Hydraulic mining
Hydraulic mining is a form of mining that uses high-pressure jets of water to dislodge rock material or move sediment.
See Roman Empire and Hydraulic mining
Hypocaust
A hypocaust (hypocaustum) is a system of central heating in a building that produces and circulates hot air below the floor of a room, and may also warm the walls with a series of pipes through which the hot air passes.
See Roman Empire and Hypocaust
Imperator
The title of imperator originally meant the rough equivalent of commander under the Roman Republic.
See Roman Empire and Imperator
Imperium
In ancient Rome, imperium was a form of authority held by a citizen to control a military or governmental entity.
Inaugural games of the Colosseum
The inaugural games were held, on the orders of the Roman Emperor Titus, to celebrate the completion in AD 80 (81 according to some sources) of the Colosseum, then known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Amphitheatrum Flavium).
See Roman Empire and Inaugural games of the Colosseum
Income distribution
In economics, income distribution covers how a country's total GDP is distributed amongst its population.
See Roman Empire and Income distribution
Indirect tax
An indirect tax (such as a sales tax, per unit tax, value-added tax, excise tax, consumption tax, or tariff) is a tax that is levied upon goods and services before they reach the customer who ultimately pays the indirect tax as a part of market price of the good or service purchased.
See Roman Empire and Indirect tax
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution. Roman Empire and Industrial Revolution are western culture.
See Roman Empire and Industrial Revolution
Infamia
In ancient Rome, infamia (in-, "not", and fama, "reputation") was a loss of legal or social standing.
Ingot
An ingot is a piece of relatively pure material, usually metal, that is cast into a shape suitable for further processing.
Inheritance tax
International tax law distinguishes between an estate tax and an inheritance tax.
See Roman Empire and Inheritance tax
Initiation
Initiation is a rite of passage marking entrance or acceptance into a group or society.
See Roman Empire and Initiation
Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae
Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, standard abbreviation ILS, is a three-volume selection of Latin inscriptions edited by Hermann Dessau.
See Roman Empire and Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae
Institutes (Gaius)
The Institutes (Institutiones; from instituere, 'to establish') are a beginners' textbook on Roman private law written around 161 AD by the classical Roman jurist Gaius.
See Roman Empire and Institutes (Gaius)
Insula (building)
In Roman architecture, an insula (Latin for "island",: insulae) was one of two things: either a kind of apartment building, or a city block.
See Roman Empire and Insula (building)
Insulated glazing
Insulating glass (IG) consists of two or more glass window panes separated by a space to reduce heat transfer across a part of the building envelope.
See Roman Empire and Insulated glazing
International law
International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards that states and other actors feel an obligation to obey in their mutual relations and generally do obey.
See Roman Empire and International law
Interpretatio graeca
Greek translation, or "interpretation by means of Greek ", refers to the tendency of the ancient Greeks to identify foreign deities with their own gods.
See Roman Empire and Interpretatio graeca
Invasion
An invasion is a military offensive of combatants of one geopolitical entity, usually in large numbers, entering territory controlled by another similar entity.
Isis
Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world.
Islamic architecture
Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam.
See Roman Empire and Islamic architecture
Italian Empire
The Italian colonial empire (Impero coloniale italiano), also known as the Italian Empire (Impero italiano) between 1936 and 1941, was founded in Africa in the 19th century. Roman Empire and italian Empire are former empires, former monarchies of Europe and historical transcontinental empires.
See Roman Empire and Italian Empire
Italian imperialism under fascism
Imperialism, colonialism and irredentism played an important role in the foreign policy of Fascist Italy.
See Roman Empire and Italian imperialism under fascism
Italian nationalism
Italian nationalism (Nazionalismo italiano) is a movement which believes that the Italians are a nation with a single homogeneous identity, and therefrom seeks to promote the cultural unity of Italy as a country.
See Roman Empire and Italian nationalism
Italian Peninsula
The Italian Peninsula (Italian: penisola italica or penisola italiana), also known as the Italic Peninsula, Apennine Peninsula or Italian Boot, is a peninsula extending from the southern Alps in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south, which comprises much of the country of Italy and the enclaved microstates of San Marino and Vatican City.
See Roman Empire and Italian Peninsula
Italian Renaissance
The Italian Renaissance (Rinascimento) was a period in Italian history covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
See Roman Empire and Italian Renaissance
Italic languages
The Italic languages form a branch of the Indo-European language family, whose earliest known members were spoken on the Italian Peninsula in the first millennium BC.
See Roman Empire and Italic languages
Ivory carving
Ivory carving is the carving of ivory, that is to say animal tooth or tusk, generally by using sharp cutting tools, either mechanically or manually.
See Roman Empire and Ivory carving
Jerash
Jerash (جرش Ǧaraš; Gérasa) is a city in northern Jordan.
Jerome
Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; – 30 September 420), also known as Jerome of Stridon, was an early Christian priest, confessor, theologian, translator, and historian; he is commonly known as Saint Jerome.
Jerusalem in Christianity
Jerusalem's role in first-century Christianity, during the ministry of Jesus and the Apostolic Age, as recorded in the New Testament, gives it great importance, both culturally and religiously, in Christianity.
See Roman Empire and Jerusalem in Christianity
Jewish Christianity
Jewish Christians were the followers of a Jewish religious sect that emerged in Judea during the late Second Temple period (first century AD).
See Roman Empire and Jewish Christianity
Jewish diaspora
The Jewish diaspora (təfūṣā) or exile (Hebrew: גָּלוּת; Yiddish) is the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancient ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.
See Roman Empire and Jewish diaspora
Jewish–Roman wars
The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by the Jews of Judaea and the Eastern Mediterranean against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE.
See Roman Empire and Jewish–Roman wars
Jinyu Liu
Jinyu Liu (born 1972) is the acting Betty Gage Holland Professor of Roman History at the Department of History of Emory University.
See Roman Empire and Jinyu Liu
Josephus
Flavius Josephus (Ἰώσηπος,; AD 37 – 100) was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader.
Judaea (Roman province)
Judaea (Iudaea; translit) was a Roman province from 6 to 132 AD, which incorporated the Levantine regions of Idumea, Philistia, Judea, Samaria and Galilee, extending over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea.
See Roman Empire and Judaea (Roman province)
Judaism
Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.
Julian (emperor)
Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus; Ἰουλιανός; 331 – 26 June 363) was the Caesar of the West from 355 to 360 and Roman emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek.
See Roman Empire and Julian (emperor)
Julio-Claudian dynasty
The Julio-Claudian dynasty comprised the first five Roman emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero. Roman Empire and Julio-Claudian dynasty are 20s BC establishments in the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Julio-Claudian dynasty
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman.
See Roman Empire and Julius Caesar
Jupiter (god)
Jupiter (Iūpiter or Iuppiter, from Proto-Italic *djous "day, sky" + *patēr "father", thus "sky father" Greek: Δίας or Ζεύς), also known as Jove (gen. Iovis), is the god of the sky and thunder, and king of the gods in ancient Roman religion and mythology.
See Roman Empire and Jupiter (god)
Jurist
A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyzes and comments on law.
Jus gentium
The ius gentium or jus gentium (Latin for "law of nations") is a concept of international law within the ancient Roman legal system and Western law traditions based on or influenced by it.
See Roman Empire and Jus gentium
Jus trium liberorum
The jus trium liberorum (Latin, "the right of three children"; also spelled ius), was a privilege awarded to Roman citizens who had produced at least three children or to freedpersons who had produced at least four.
See Roman Empire and Jus trium liberorum
Juvenal
Decimus Junius Juvenalis, known in English as Juvenal, was a Roman poet active in the late first and early second century AD.
King of Rome
The king of Rome (rex Romae) was the ruler of the Roman Kingdom.
See Roman Empire and King of Rome
Kithara
The kithara, or Latinized cithara (κιθάρα |translit.
Knucklebones
Knucklebones, also known as scatter jacks, snobs, astragaloi (singular: astragalus), tali, dibs, fivestones, jacks, jackstones, or jinks, among many other names, is a game of dexterity played with a number of small objects that are thrown up, caught, and manipulated in various manners.
See Roman Empire and Knucklebones
Koine Greek
Koine Greek (Koine the common dialect), also known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.
See Roman Empire and Koine Greek
Land use
Land use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into built environment such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as arable fields, pastures, and managed woods.
Languages of the Roman Empire
Latin and Greek were the dominant languages of the Roman Empire, but other languages were regionally important.
See Roman Empire and Languages of the Roman Empire
Lares
Lares (archaic lasēs, singular) were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion.
Late antiquity
Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century up to the 7th or 8th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin depending on location. Roman Empire and late antiquity are history of the Mediterranean and western culture.
See Roman Empire and Late antiquity
Late Middle Ages
The late Middle Ages or late medieval period was the period of European history lasting from AD 1300 to 1500.
See Roman Empire and Late Middle Ages
Latifundium
A latifundium (Latin: latus, "spacious", and fundus, "farm", "estate") was originally the term used by ancient Romans for great landed estates specialising in agriculture destined for sale: grain, olive oil, or wine.
See Roman Empire and Latifundium
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Latin Empire
The Latin Empire, also referred to as the Latin Empire of Constantinople, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. Roman Empire and Latin Empire are former empires and former monarchies of Europe.
See Roman Empire and Latin Empire
Latin literature
Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings written in the Latin language.
See Roman Empire and Latin literature
Latin rights
Latin rights or Latin citizenship (ius Latii or ius latinum) were a set of legal rights that were originally granted to the Latins and therefore in their colonies (Latium adiectum).
See Roman Empire and Latin rights
Laurel wreath
A laurel wreath is a round wreath made of connected branches and leaves of the bay laurel, an aromatic broadleaf evergreen, or later from spineless butcher's broom (Ruscus hypoglossum) or cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus).
See Roman Empire and Laurel wreath
Law school of Berytus
The law school of Berytus (also known as the law school of Beirut) was a center for the study of Roman law in classical antiquity located in Berytus (modern-day Beirut, Lebanon).
See Roman Empire and Law school of Berytus
Legacy of the Roman Empire
The legacy of the Roman Empire has been varied and significant.
See Roman Empire and Legacy of the Roman Empire
Legal person
In law, a legal person is any person or 'thing' (less ambiguously, any legal entity) that can do the things a human person is usually able to do in law – such as enter into contracts, sue and be sued, own property, and so on.
See Roman Empire and Legal person
Legatus
A legatus (anglicised as legate) was a high-ranking Roman military officer in the Roman army, equivalent to a high-ranking general officer of modern times.
Legionary
The Roman legionary (in Latin legionarius;: legionarii) was a citizen soldier of the Roman army.
See Roman Empire and Legionary
Legume
Legumes are plants in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seeds of such plants.
Lex Aquilia
The lex Aquilia was a Roman law which provided compensation to the owners of property injured by someone's fault, set in the 3rd century BC, in the Roman Republic.
See Roman Empire and Lex Aquilia
Lex Fufia Caninia
The lex Fufia Caninia of 2 BC was a law passed under Augustus, the first Roman emperor, concerning the manumission of slaves.
See Roman Empire and Lex Fufia Caninia
Lex Julia
A lex Julia (plural: leges Juliae) was an ancient Roman law that was introduced by any member of the gens Julia.
See Roman Empire and Lex Julia
Lex Roscia theatralis
The lex Roscia theatralis was a Roman law of 67 BC that reserved 14 rows of good seats in the theater for members of the equestrian order.
See Roman Empire and Lex Roscia theatralis
Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae
The Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae (abbreviated LIMC) is a multivolume encyclopedia cataloguing representations of mythology in the plastic arts of classical antiquity.
See Roman Empire and Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae
Libation
A libation is a ritual pouring of a liquid as an offering to a deity or spirit, or in memory of the dead.
Libretto
A libretto (an English word derived from the Italian word libretto) is the text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata or musical.
Lictor
A lictor (possibly from Latin ligare, meaning 'to bind') was a Roman civil servant who was an attendant and bodyguard to a magistrate who held imperium.
Limes (Roman Empire)
Limes (Latin;,: limites) is a term used primarily for the Germanic border defence or delimiting system of Ancient Rome marking the borders of the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Limes (Roman Empire)
Limited government
In political philosophy, limited government is the concept of a government limited in power.
See Roman Empire and Limited government
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
See Roman Empire and Lingua franca
List of largest empires
Several empires in human history have been contenders for the largest of all time, depending on definition and mode of measurement. Roman Empire and List of largest empires are former empires.
See Roman Empire and List of largest empires
List of Latin legal terms
. DON'T DELETE ->. --> A number of Latin terms are used in legal terminology and legal maxims.
See Roman Empire and List of Latin legal terms
List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.
The District of Columbia, capital of the United States, is home to 76 National Historic Landmarks.
See Roman Empire and List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C.
List of political systems in France
This is a chronological list of political systems in France, from Clovis to modern times.
See Roman Empire and List of political systems in France
List of Roman amphitheatres
The remains of at least 230 Roman amphitheatres have been found widely scattered around the area of the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and List of Roman amphitheatres
List of Roman civil wars and revolts
This list of Roman civil wars and revolts includes civil wars and organized civil disorder, revolts, and rebellions in ancient Rome (Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic, and Roman Empire) until the fall of the Western Roman Empire (753 BC – AD 476).
See Roman Empire and List of Roman civil wars and revolts
List of Roman dams and reservoirs
This is a list of Roman dams and reservoirs.
See Roman Empire and List of Roman dams and reservoirs
List of Roman deities
The Roman deities most widely known today are those the Romans identified with Greek counterparts (see interpretatio graeca), integrating Greek myths, iconography, and sometimes religious practices, into Roman culture, including Latin literature, Roman art, and religious life as it was experienced throughout the Empire.
See Roman Empire and List of Roman deities
List of Roman dynasties
This is a list of the dynasties that ruled the Roman Empire and its two succeeding counterparts, the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and List of Roman dynasties
List of Roman emperors
The Roman emperors were the rulers of the Roman Empire from the granting of the name and title Augustus to Octavian by the Roman Senate in 27 BC onward.
See Roman Empire and List of Roman emperors
List of Roman gladiator types
There were many different types of gladiators in ancient Rome.
See Roman Empire and List of Roman gladiator types
List of Roman public baths
This is a list of ancient Roman public baths (thermae).
See Roman Empire and List of Roman public baths
Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write.
Literary forgery
Literary forgery (also known as literary mystification, literary fraud or literary hoax) is writing, such as a manuscript or a literary work, which is either deliberately misattributed to a historical or invented author, or is a purported memoir or other presumably nonfictional writing deceptively presented as true when, in fact, it presents untrue or imaginary information or content.
See Roman Empire and Literary forgery
Livy
Titus Livius (59 BC – AD 17), known in English as Livy, was a Roman historian.
Local government (ancient Roman)
The Romans used provincial and local governments to govern conquered territories without having to rule them directly.
See Roman Empire and Local government (ancient Roman)
Low Countries
The Low Countries (de Lage Landen; les Pays-Bas), historically also known as the Netherlands (de Nederlanden), is a coastal lowland region in Northwestern Europe forming the lower basin of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and consisting today of the three modern "Benelux" countries: Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (Nederland, which is singular).
See Roman Empire and Low Countries
Lucan
Marcus Annaeus Lucanus (3 November AD 39 – 30 April AD 65), better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman poet, born in Corduba, Hispania Baetica (present-day Córdoba, Spain).
Lucian
Lucian of Samosata (Λουκιανὸς ὁ Σαμοσατεύς, 125 – after 180) was a Hellenized Syrian satirist, rhetorician and pamphleteer who is best known for his characteristic tongue-in-cheek style, with which he frequently ridiculed superstition, religious practices, and belief in the paranormal.
Ludi
Ludi (Latin plural) were public games held for the benefit and entertainment of the Roman people (''populus Romanus'').
Ludi magister
A ludi magister was a teacher at a Roman school (Ludus).
See Roman Empire and Ludi magister
Ludus (ancient Rome)
Ludus (plural ludi) in ancient Rome could refer to a primary school, a board game, or a gladiator training school.
See Roman Empire and Ludus (ancient Rome)
Ludus duodecim scriptorum
Ludus duodecim scriptorum, or XII scripta, was a board game popular during the time of the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Ludus duodecim scriptorum
Ludus latrunculorum
Ludus latrunculorum, latrunculi, or simply latrones ("the game of brigands", or "the game of soldiers" from latrunculus, diminutive of latro, mercenary or highwayman) was a two-player strategy board game played throughout the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Ludus latrunculorum
Ludus Magnus
The Ludus Magnus (lat.:Domus Vectiliana), also known as the Great Gladiatorial Training School, was the largest of the gladiatorial schools in Rome.
See Roman Empire and Ludus Magnus
Lusus Troiae
The Lusus Troiae, also as Ludus Troiae and ludicrum Troiae ("Troy Game" or "Game of Troy") was an equestrian event held in ancient Rome.
See Roman Empire and Lusus Troiae
Macedonia (Roman province)
Macedonia (Μακεδονία) was a province of ancient Rome, encompassing the territory of the former Antigonid Kingdom of Macedonia, which had been conquered by the Roman Republic in 168 BC at the conclusion of the Third Macedonian War.
See Roman Empire and Macedonia (Roman province)
Macrobius
Macrobius Ambrosius Theodosius, usually referred to as Macrobius (fl. AD 400), was a Roman provincial who lived during the early fifth century, during late antiquity, the period of time corresponding to the Later Roman Empire, and when Latin was as widespread as Greek among the elite.
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Magic in the Greco-Roman world
Magic in the Greco-Roman world—that is, ancient Greece, ancient Rome, and the other cultures with which they interacted, especially ancient Egypt—comprises supernatural practices undertaken by individuals, often privately, that were not under the oversight of official priesthoods attached to the various state, community, and household cults and temples as a matter of public religion.
See Roman Empire and Magic in the Greco-Roman world
Magistrates of the Roman Empire
The executive magistrates of the Roman Empire were elected individuals of the ancient Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Magistrates of the Roman Empire
Maison carrée
The Maison carrée (French for "square house") is an ancient Roman temple in Nîmes, southern France; it is one of the best-preserved Roman temples to survive in the territory of the former Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Maison carrée
Mansio
In the Roman Empire, a mansio (from the Latin word mansus, the perfect passive participle of manere "to remain" or "to stay") was an official stopping place on a Roman road, or via, maintained by the central government for the use of officials and those on official business whilst travelling.
Manumission
Manumission, or enfranchisement, is the act of freeing slaves by their owners.
See Roman Empire and Manumission
Manus marriage
Manus was an Ancient Roman type of marriage,Jane F. Gardner, Women in Roman Law and Society, First Midland Book Edition, 1991, 11 of which there were two forms: cum manu and sine manu.
See Roman Empire and Manus marriage
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (English:; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180) was Roman emperor from 161 to 180 and a Stoic philosopher.
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Marcus Junkelmann
Marcus Junkelmann (born 2 October 1949 in Munich) is a German historian and experimental archeologist.
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Mardonius (philosopher)
Mardonius, also spelled Mardonios, was a Roman rhetorician, philosopher and educator of Gothic descent.
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Mare Nostrum
Mare Nostrum (Latin: "Our Sea") was a Roman name for the Mediterranean Sea. Roman Empire and Mare Nostrum are history of the Mediterranean.
See Roman Empire and Mare Nostrum
Maritime republics
The maritime republics (repubbliche marinare), also called merchant republics (repubbliche mercantili), were Italian thalassocratic port cities which, starting from the Middle Ages, enjoyed political autonomy and economic prosperity brought about by their maritime activities. Roman Empire and maritime republics are former monarchies of Europe and history of the Mediterranean.
See Roman Empire and Maritime republics
Mark Antony
Marcus Antonius (14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from a constitutional republic into the autocratic Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Mark Antony
Marriage in ancient Rome
Marriage in ancient Rome (conubium) was a fundamental institution of society and was used by Romans primarily as a tool for interfamilial alliances.
See Roman Empire and Marriage in ancient Rome
Martial
Marcus Valerius Martialis (known in English as Martial; March, between 38 and 41 AD – between 102 and 104 AD) was a Roman poet born in Hispania (modern Spain) best known for his twelve books of Epigrams, published in Rome between AD 86 and 103, during the reigns of the emperors Domitian, Nerva and Trajan.
Martianus Capella
Martianus Minneus Felix Capella was a jurist, polymath and Latin prose writer of late antiquity, one of the earliest developers of the system of the seven liberal arts that structured early medieval education.
See Roman Empire and Martianus Capella
Materia medica
Materia medica (lit.: 'medical material/substance') is a Latin term from the history of pharmacy for the body of collected knowledge about the therapeutic properties of any substance used for healing (i.e., medications).
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Medieval literature
Medieval literature is a broad subject, encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages (that is, the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca. AD 500 to the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th, 15th or 16th century, depending on country).
See Roman Empire and Medieval literature
Mediolanum
Mediolanum, the ancient city where Milan now stands, was originally an Insubrian city, but afterwards became an important Roman city in Northern Italy.
See Roman Empire and Mediolanum
Mediterranean diet
The Mediterranean diet is a diet inspired by the eating habits and traditional food typical of southern Spain, southern Italy, and Crete, and formulated in the early 1960s.
See Roman Empire and Mediterranean diet
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Roman Empire and Mediterranean Sea
Mehmed II
Mehmed II (translit; II.,; 30 March 14323 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (lit; Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was twice the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from August 1444 to September 1446 and then later from February 1451 to May 1481.
See Roman Empire and Mehmed II
Metamorphoses
The Metamorphoses (Metamorphōsēs, from μεταμορφώσεις: "Transformations") is a Latin narrative poem from 8 CE by the Roman poet Ovid.
See Roman Empire and Metamorphoses
Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre (Commonwealth spelling) or meter (American spelling; see spelling differences) is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.
See Roman Empire and Metre (poetry)
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD. Roman Empire and Middle Ages are western culture.
See Roman Empire and Middle Ages
Migration Period
The Migration Period (circa 300 to 600 AD), also known as the Barbarian Invasions, was a period in European history marked by large-scale migrations that saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire and subsequent settlement of its former territories by various tribes, and the establishment of the post-Roman kingdoms.
See Roman Empire and Migration Period
Mile
The mile, sometimes the international mile or statute mile to distinguish it from other miles, is a British imperial unit and United States customary unit of distance; both are based on the older English unit of length equal to 5,280 English feet, or 1,760 yards.
Military logistics
Military logistics is the discipline of planning and carrying out the movement, supply, and maintenance of military forces.
See Roman Empire and Military logistics
Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth.
Mithraism
Mithraism, also known as the Mithraic mysteries or the Cult of Mithras, was a Roman mystery religion centered on the god Mithras.
See Roman Empire and Mithraism
Mixed government
Mixed government (or a mixed constitution) is a form of government that combines elements of democracy, aristocracy and monarchy, ostensibly making impossible their respective degenerations which are conceived in Aristotle's ''Politics'' as anarchy, oligarchy and tyranny.
See Roman Empire and Mixed government
Monetization
Monetization (also spelled monetisation in the UK) is, broadly speaking, the process of converting something into money.
See Roman Empire and Monetization
Money supply
In macroeconomics, money supply (or money stock) refers to the total volume of money held by the public at a particular point in time.
See Roman Empire and Money supply
Mos maiorum
The mos maiorum ("ancestral custom" or "way of the ancestors";: mores, cf. English "mores"; maiorum is the genitive plural of "greater" or "elder") is the unwritten code from which the ancient Romans derived their social norms.
See Roman Empire and Mos maiorum
Mosaic
A mosaic is a pattern or image made of small regular or irregular pieces of colored stone, glass or ceramic, held in place by plaster/mortar, and covering a surface.
Mullet (fish)
The mullets or grey mullets are a family (Mugilidae) of ray-finned fish found worldwide in coastal temperate and tropical waters, and some species in fresh water.
See Roman Empire and Mullet (fish)
Munera (ancient Rome)
In ancient Rome, munera (Latin plural; singular munus) were public works and entertainments provided for the benefit of the Roman people by individuals of high status and wealth.
See Roman Empire and Munera (ancient Rome)
Municipium
In ancient Rome, the Latin term municipium (municipia) referred to a town or city.
See Roman Empire and Municipium
Music of ancient Rome
The music of ancient Rome was a part of Roman culture from the earliest of times.
See Roman Empire and Music of ancient Rome
Najran
Najran (نجران), is a city in southwestern Saudi Arabia.
Names of Istanbul
The city of Istanbul has been known by a number of different names.
See Roman Empire and Names of Istanbul
Names of the Greeks
The Greeks (Έλληνες) have been identified by many ethnonyms.
See Roman Empire and Names of the Greeks
Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Code, officially the Civil Code of the French (simply referred to as Code civil), is the French civil code established during the French Consulate in 1804 and still in force in France, although heavily and frequently amended since its inception.
See Roman Empire and Napoleonic Code
Narrative ballet
A narrative ballet, also known as classical ballet or story ballet is a form of ballet that has a plot and characters.
See Roman Empire and Narrative ballet
Natural History (Pliny)
The Natural History (Naturalis Historia) is a Latin work by Pliny the Elder.
See Roman Empire and Natural History (Pliny)
Naumachia
The naumachia (in Latin, from the Ancient Greek /, literally "naval combat") in the Ancient Roman world referred to both the staging of naval battles as mass entertainment, and the basin or building in which this took place.
See Roman Empire and Naumachia
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship. Roman Empire and Nazi Germany are former countries in Europe and former empires.
See Roman Empire and Nazi Germany
Nîmes
Nîmes (Nimes; Latin: Nemausus) is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France.
Negotiable instrument
A negotiable instrument is a document guaranteeing the payment of a specific amount of money, either on demand, or at a set time, whose payer is usually named on the document.
See Roman Empire and Negotiable instrument
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture, sometimes referred to as Classical Revival architecture, is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy, France and Germany.
See Roman Empire and Neoclassical architecture
Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his death in AD 68.
Nerva
Nerva (born Marcus Cocceius Nerva; 8 November 30 – 27 January 98) was a Roman emperor from 96 to 98.
Nerva–Antonine dynasty
The Nerva–Antonine dynasty comprised seven Roman emperors who ruled from AD 96 to 192: Nerva (96–98), Trajan (98–117), Hadrian (117–138), Antoninus Pius (138–161), Marcus Aurelius (161–180), Lucius Verus (161–169), and Commodus (177–192).
See Roman Empire and Nerva–Antonine dynasty
Nicene Christianity
Nicene Christianity includes those Christian denominations that adhere to the teaching of the Nicene Creed, which was formulated at the First Council of Nicaea in AD 325 and amended at the First Council of Constantinople in AD 381.
See Roman Empire and Nicene Christianity
Nicomedia
Nicomedia (Νικομήδεια, Nikomedeia; modern İzmit) was an ancient Greek city located in what is now Turkey.
See Roman Empire and Nicomedia
Nika riots
The Nika riots (translit), Nika revolt or Nika sedition took place against Byzantine emperor Justinian I in Constantinople over the course of a week in 532 CE.
See Roman Empire and Nika riots
Nile
The Nile (also known as the Nile River) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa.
Nobility
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy.
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
See Roman Empire and North Africa
Northern England
Northern England, or the North of England, is a region that forms the northern part of England and mainly corresponds to the historic counties of Cheshire, Cumberland, Durham, Lancashire, Northumberland, Westmorland and Yorkshire.
See Roman Empire and Northern England
Numeracy
Numeracy is the ability to understand, reason with, and apply simple numerical concepts.
Nymphaeum
A nymphaeum or nymphaion (nymphaîon), in ancient Greece and Rome, was a monument consecrated to the nymphs, especially those of springs.
See Roman Empire and Nymphaeum
Obelisk of Montecitorio
The Obelisk of Montecitorio (Obelisco di Montecitorio), also known as Solare, is an ancient Egyptian, red granite obelisk of Psamtik II (595–589 BC) from Heliopolis.
See Roman Empire and Obelisk of Montecitorio
October Horse
In ancient Roman religion, the October Horse (Latin Equus October) was an animal sacrifice to Mars carried out on October 15, coinciding with the end of the agricultural and military campaigning season.
See Roman Empire and October Horse
Odeon (building)
Odeon or Odeum (lit. "singing place") is the name for several ancient Greek and Roman buildings built for musical activities such as singing, musical shows, and poetry competitions.
See Roman Empire and Odeon (building)
Odoacer
Odoacer (– 15 March 493 AD), also spelled Odovacer or Odovacar, was a barbarian soldier and statesman from the Middle Danube who deposed the Western Roman child emperor Romulus Augustulus and became the ruler of Italy (476–493). Roman Empire and Odoacer are states and territories disestablished in the 5th century.
Olive oil
Olive oil is a liquid fat obtained by pressing whole olives, the fruit of Olea europaea, a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin, and extracting the oil.
See Roman Empire and Olive oil
Open government
Open government is the governing doctrine which maintains that citizens have the right to access the documents and proceedings of the government to allow for effective public oversight.
See Roman Empire and Open government
Open-pit mining
Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals from the earth.
See Roman Empire and Open-pit mining
Oppidum
An oppidum (oppida) is a large fortified Iron Age settlement or town.
Opus sectile
Opus sectile is a form of pietra dura popularized in the ancient and medieval Roman world where materials were cut and inlaid into walls and floors to make a picture or pattern.
See Roman Empire and Opus sectile
Opus tessellatum
Opus tessellatum is the Latin name for the normal technique of Greek and Roman mosaic, made from tesserae that are larger than about 4 mm.
See Roman Empire and Opus tessellatum
Original jurisdiction
In common law legal systems, original jurisdiction of a court is the power to hear a case for the first time, as opposed to appellate jurisdiction, when a higher court has the power to review a lower court's decision.
See Roman Empire and Original jurisdiction
Orthopraxy
In the study of religion, orthopraxy is correct conduct, both ethical and liturgical, as opposed to faith or grace.
See Roman Empire and Orthopraxy
Otium
Otium is a Latin abstract term which has a variety of meanings, including leisure time for "self-realization activities" such as eating, playing, relaxing, contemplation, and academic endeavors.
Ottoman claim to Roman succession
After the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the sultans of the Ottoman Empire laid claim to represent the legitimate Roman emperors.
See Roman Empire and Ottoman claim to Roman succession
Ottoman conquest of Otranto
In the summer of 1480, the Ottoman Empire invaded southern Italy, and laid siege to Otranto, finally capturing it on 11 August.
See Roman Empire and Ottoman conquest of Otranto
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries. Roman Empire and Ottoman Empire are former countries in Africa, former countries in West Asia, former empires, former monarchies of Europe and historical transcontinental empires.
See Roman Empire and Ottoman Empire
Outline of ancient Rome
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to ancient Rome: Ancient Rome – former civilization that thrived on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC.
See Roman Empire and Outline of ancient Rome
Ovid
Publius Ovidius Naso (20 March 43 BC – AD 17/18), known in English as Ovid, was a Roman poet who lived during the reign of Augustus.
Padua
Padua (Padova; Pàdova, Pàdoa or Pàoa) is a city and comune (municipality) in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital of the province of Padua.
Paedagogus (occupation)
In the Roman Republic, the paedagogus, plural paedagogi or paedagogiani, was a slave or a freedman who taught the sons of Roman citizens the Greek language.
See Roman Empire and Paedagogus (occupation)
Paideia
Paideia (/paɪˈdeɪə/; also spelled paedeia; παιδεία) referred to the rearing and education of the ideal member of the ancient Greek polis or state.
Palaestra
A palaestra (or; also (chiefly British) palestra; παλαίστρα.) was any site of an ancient Greek wrestling school.
See Roman Empire and Palaestra
Pallium (Roman cloak)
The pallium was a Roman cloak.
See Roman Empire and Pallium (Roman cloak)
Palmyra
Palmyra (Palmyrene:, romanized: Tadmor; Tadmur) is an ancient city in the eastern part of the Levant, now in the center of modern Syria.
Palmyrene Aramaic
Palmyrene Aramaic was a primarily Western Aramaic dialect, exhibiting Eastern Aramaic grammatical features and hence often regarded as a dialect continuum between the Eastern and Western Aramaic branches.
See Roman Empire and Palmyrene Aramaic
Palmyrene Empire
The Palmyrene Empire was a short-lived breakaway state from the Roman Empire resulting from the Crisis of the Third Century. Roman Empire and Palmyrene Empire are former empires.
See Roman Empire and Palmyrene Empire
Pandemic
A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that has a sudden increase in cases and spreads across a large region, for instance multiple continents or worldwide, affecting a substantial number of individuals.
Pankration
Pankration (παγκράτιον) was an unarmed combat sport introduced into the Greek Olympic Games in 648 BC.
See Roman Empire and Pankration
Papinian
Aemilius Papinianus (Αἰμίλιος Παπινιανός; 142 CE–212 CE), simply rendered as Papinian in English, was a celebrated Roman jurist, magister libellorum, attorney general (advocatus fisci) and, after the death of Gaius Fulvius Plautianus in 205 CE, praetorian prefect.
Papyrus
Papyrus is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface.
Pastoralism
Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands (pastures) for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds.
See Roman Empire and Pastoralism
Patchwork
Patchwork or "pieced work" is a form of needlework that involves sewing together pieces of fabric into a larger design.
See Roman Empire and Patchwork
Pater familias
The pater familias, also written as paterfamilias (patres familias), was the head of a Roman family.
See Roman Empire and Pater familias
Patera
In the material culture of classical antiquity, a patera or phiale is a shallow ceramic or metal libation bowl.
Patronage in ancient Rome
Patronage (clientela) was the distinctive relationship in ancient Roman society between the patronus ('patron') and their cliens ('client').
See Roman Empire and Patronage in ancient Rome
Pax Romana
The (Latin for "Roman peace") is a roughly 200-year-long period of Roman history which is identified as a golden age of increased and sustained Roman imperialism, relative peace and order, prosperous stability, hegemonic power, and regional expansion.
See Roman Empire and Pax Romana
Peafowl
Peafowl is a common name for two bird species of the genus Pavo and one species of the closely related genus Afropavo within the tribe Pavonini of the family Phasianidae (the pheasants and their allies).
Peregrinus (Roman)
In the early Roman Empire, from 30 BC to AD 212, a peregrinus was a free provincial subject of the Empire who was not a Roman citizen.
See Roman Empire and Peregrinus (Roman)
Periodization
In historiography, periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified, and named blocks of time for the purpose of study or analysis.
See Roman Empire and Periodization
Peristyle
In ancient Greek and Roman architecture, a peristyle (from Greek περίστυλον) is a continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or a courtyard.
See Roman Empire and Peristyle
Persecution in Lyon
The persecution in Lyon in AD 177 was an outbreak of persecution of Christians in Lugdunum, Roman Gaul (present-day Lyon, France), during the reign of Marcus Aurelius (161–180), recorded in a contemporary letter preserved in Eusebius's Ecclesiastical History, book 5, chapter 1, which was written 150 years later in Palestine.
See Roman Empire and Persecution in Lyon
Persius
Aulus Persius Flaccus (4 December 3424 November 62 AD) was a Roman poet and satirist of Etruscan origin.
Peter Brown (historian)
Peter Robert Lamont Brown (born 26 July 1935) is an Irish historian.
See Roman Empire and Peter Brown (historian)
Petronius
Gaius Petronius Arbiter.
See Roman Empire and Petronius
Pharaoh
Pharaoh (Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ|Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: Parʿō) is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE.
Pietas
Pietas, translated variously as "duty", "religiosity" or "religious behavior", "loyalty", "devotion", or "filial piety" (English "piety" derives from the Latin), was one of the chief virtues among the ancient Romans.
Piston
A piston is a component of reciprocating engines, reciprocating pumps, gas compressors, hydraulic cylinders and pneumatic cylinders, among other similar mechanisms.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the representation of another person's language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions as one's own original work.
See Roman Empire and Plagiarism
Plague of Cyprian
The Plague of Cyprian was a pandemic which afflicted the Roman Empire from about AD 249 to 262, or 251/2 to 270.
See Roman Empire and Plague of Cyprian
Pliny the Elder
Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 AD 79), called Pliny the Elder, was a Roman author, naturalist, natural philosopher, naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian.
See Roman Empire and Pliny the Elder
Pliny the Younger
Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo (61 –), better known as Pliny the Younger, was a lawyer, author, and magistrate of Ancient Rome.
See Roman Empire and Pliny the Younger
Plutarch
Plutarch (Πλούταρχος, Ploútarchos;; – after AD 119) was a Greek Middle Platonist philosopher, historian, biographer, essayist, and priest at the Temple of Apollo in Delphi.
Plutocracy
A plutocracy or plutarchy is a society that is ruled or controlled by people of great wealth or income.
See Roman Empire and Plutocracy
Pneumatic cylinder
Pneumatic cylinder, also known as air cylinder, is a mechanical device which uses the power of compressed gas to produce a force in a reciprocating linear motion.
See Roman Empire and Pneumatic cylinder
Polenta
Polenta is an Italian dish of boiled cornmeal that was historically made from other grains.
Polis
Polis (πόλις), plural poleis (πόλεις), means ‘city’ in ancient Greek.
Political geography
Political geography is concerned with the study of both the spatially uneven outcomes of political processes and the ways in which political processes are themselves affected by spatial structures.
See Roman Empire and Political geography
Poll tax
A poll tax, also known as head tax or capitation, is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual (typically every adult), without reference to income or resources.
Pompa circensis
In ancient Rome, the pompa circensis ("circus parade") was the procession that preceded the official games (ludi) held in the circus as part of religious festivals and other occasions.
See Roman Empire and Pompa circensis
Pompeian Styles
The Pompeian Styles are four periods which are distinguished in ancient Roman mural painting.
See Roman Empire and Pompeian Styles
Pompeii
Pompeii was an ancient city in what is now the comune (municipality) of Pompei, near Naples, in the Campania region of Italy.
Pontifex maximus
The pontifex maximus (Latin for "supreme pontiff") was the chief high priest of the College of Pontiffs (Collegium Pontificum) in ancient Rome.
See Roman Empire and Pontifex maximus
Popina
The popina (popinae) was an ancient Roman wine bar, where a limited menu of simple foods (olives, bread, stews) and selection of wines of varying quality were available.
Praetorian Guard
The Praetorian Guard (Latin: cohortes praetoriae) was an elite unit of the Imperial Roman army that served as personal bodyguards and intelligence agents for the Roman emperors.
See Roman Empire and Praetorian Guard
Precious metal
Precious metals are rare, naturally occurring metallic chemical elements of high economic value.
See Roman Empire and Precious metal
Prefect
Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, substantive adjectival form of praeficere: "put in front", meaning in charge) is a magisterial title of varying definition, but essentially refers to the leader of an administrative area.
Price
A price is the (usually not negative) quantity of payment or compensation expected, required, or given by one party to another in return for goods or services.
Princeps
Princeps (plural: principes) is a Latin word meaning "first in time or order; the first, foremost, chief, the most eminent, distinguished, or noble; the first person".
Principate
The Principate was the form of imperial government of the Roman Empire from the beginning of the reign of Augustus in 27 BC to the end of the Crisis of the Third Century in AD 284, after which it evolved into the Dominate.
See Roman Empire and Principate
Privatus
In Roman law, the Latin adjective privatus makes a legal distinction between that which is "private" and that which is publicus, "public" in the sense of pertaining to the Roman people (''populus Romanus'').
Proconsul
A proconsul was an official of ancient Rome who acted on behalf of a consul.
See Roman Empire and Proconsul
Procurator (ancient Rome)
Procurator (plural: Procuratores) was a title of certain officials (not magistrates) in ancient Rome who were in charge of the financial affairs of a province, or imperial governor of a minor province.
See Roman Empire and Procurator (ancient Rome)
Prostitution in ancient Rome
Prostitution in ancient Rome was legal and licensed.
See Roman Empire and Prostitution in ancient Rome
Proto-Basque language
Proto-Basque (aitzineuskara; protoeuskera, protovasco; proto-basque) is a reconstructed ancient stage of the Basque language.
See Roman Empire and Proto-Basque language
Prudentius
Aurelius Prudentius Clemens was a Roman Christian poet, born in the Roman province of Tarraconensis (now Northern Spain) in 348.
See Roman Empire and Prudentius
Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) or Ptolemaic Empire was an Ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period. Roman Empire and Ptolemaic Kingdom are countries in ancient Africa and former countries in Africa.
See Roman Empire and Ptolemaic Kingdom
Public art
Public art is art in any media whose form, function and meaning are created for the general public through a public process.
See Roman Empire and Public art
Puls (food)
Puls is a pottage made from farro grains boiled in water, flavoured with salt.
See Roman Empire and Puls (food)
Punic language
The Punic language, also called Phoenicio-Punic or Carthaginian, is an extinct variety of the Phoenician language, a Canaanite language of the Northwest Semitic branch of the Semitic languages.
See Roman Empire and Punic language
Punic Wars
The Punic Wars were a series of wars between 264 and 146BC fought between the Roman Republic and Ancient Carthage.
See Roman Empire and Punic Wars
Purge
In history, religion and political science, a purge is a position removal or execution of people who are considered undesirable by those in power from a government, another organization, their team leaders, or society as a whole.
Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China. Roman Empire and Qin dynasty are former empires.
See Roman Empire and Qin dynasty
Quaestor
A quaestor ("investigator") was a public official in ancient Rome.
Quinquennial Neronia
The quinquennial Neronia was a massive Greek-style festival created by the Roman Emperor Nero.
See Roman Empire and Quinquennial Neronia
Quintilian
Marcus Fabius Quintilianus (35 – 100 AD) was a Roman educator and rhetorician born in Hispania, widely referred to in medieval schools of rhetoric and in Renaissance writing.
See Roman Empire and Quintilian
Race (human categorization)
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society.
See Roman Empire and Race (human categorization)
Ravenna
Ravenna (also; Ravèna, Ravêna) is the capital city of the Province of Ravenna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northern Italy.
Ray Laurence
Ray Laurence is professor of ancient history at Macquarie University.
See Roman Empire and Ray Laurence
Recitationes
Recitationes were a literary practice of ancient Rome that involved one or more public readings (recitatio, pl recitationes) of a text.
See Roman Empire and Recitationes
Redistribution of income and wealth
Redistribution of income and wealth is the transfer of income and wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others through a social mechanism such as taxation, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law.
See Roman Empire and Redistribution of income and wealth
Relief
Relief is a sculptural method in which the sculpted pieces remain attached to a solid background of the same material.
Religio licita
Religio licita ("permitted religion", also translated as "approved religion") is a phrase used in the Apologeticum of Tertullian to describe the special status of the Jews in the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Religio licita
Religion in ancient Rome
Religion in ancient Rome consisted of varying imperial and provincial religious practices, which were followed both by the people of Rome as well as those who were brought under its rule.
See Roman Empire and Religion in ancient Rome
Religious tolerance
Religious tolerance or religious toleration may signify "no more than forbearance and the permission given by the adherents of a dominant religion for other religions to exist, even though the latter are looked on with disapproval as inferior, mistaken, or harmful".
See Roman Empire and Religious tolerance
Renaissance architecture
Renaissance architecture is the European architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 16th centuries in different regions, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture.
See Roman Empire and Renaissance architecture
Renaissance literature
Renaissance literature refers to European literature which was influenced by the intellectual and cultural tendencies associated with the Renaissance.
See Roman Empire and Renaissance literature
Republic
A republic, based on the Latin phrase res publica ('public affair'), is a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives—in contrast to a monarchy.
Res Gestae Divi Augusti
Res Gestae Divi Augusti (Eng. The Deeds of the Divine Augustus) is a monumental inscription composed by the first Roman emperor, Augustus, giving a first-person record of his life and accomplishments.
See Roman Empire and Res Gestae Divi Augusti
Retributive justice
Retributive justice is a legal concept whereby the criminal offender receives punishment proportional or similar to the crime.
See Roman Empire and Retributive justice
Rhetoric
Rhetoric is the art of persuasion.
Rhine
--> The Rhine is one of the major European rivers.
Rhineland
The Rhineland (Rheinland; Rhénanie; Rijnland; Rhingland; Latinised name: Rhenania) is a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section.
See Roman Empire and Rhineland
Rhythmic gymnastics
Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which gymnasts perform on a floor with an apparatus: hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon and rope.
See Roman Empire and Rhythmic gymnastics
Risotto
Risotto is an Italian rice dish cooked with broth until it reaches a creamy consistency.
Roman amphitheatre
Roman amphitheatres are theatres — large, circular or oval open-air venues with tiered seating — built by the ancient Romans.
See Roman Empire and Roman amphitheatre
Roman aqueduct
The Romans constructed aqueducts throughout their Republic and later Empire, to bring water from outside sources into cities and towns.
See Roman Empire and Roman aqueduct
Roman art
The art of Ancient Rome, and the territories of its Republic and later Empire, includes architecture, painting, sculpture and mosaic work.
See Roman Empire and Roman art
Roman bridge
The ancient Romans were the first civilization to build large, permanent bridges.
See Roman Empire and Roman bridge
Roman Britain
Roman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of Britannia after the Roman conquest of Britain, consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain. Roman Empire and Roman Britain are states and territories disestablished in the 5th century.
See Roman Empire and Roman Britain
Roman calendar
The Roman calendar was the calendar used by the Roman Kingdom and Roman Republic.
See Roman Empire and Roman calendar
Roman cavalry
Roman cavalry (Latin: equites Romani) refers to the horse-mounted forces of the Roman army throughout the regal, republican, and imperial eras.
See Roman Empire and Roman cavalry
Roman censor
The censor was a magistrate in ancient Rome who was responsible for maintaining the census, supervising public morality, and overseeing certain aspects of the government's finances.
See Roman Empire and Roman censor
Roman circus
A Roman circus (from the Latin word that means "circle") was a large open-air venue used mainly for chariot races, although sometimes serving other purposes.
See Roman Empire and Roman circus
Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome (civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance.
See Roman Empire and Roman citizenship
Roman commerce
Roman commerce was a major sector of the Roman economy during the later generations of the Republic and throughout most of the imperial period.
See Roman Empire and Roman commerce
Roman concrete
Roman concrete, also called opus caementicium, was used in construction in ancient Rome.
See Roman Empire and Roman concrete
Roman consul
A consul was the highest elected public official of the Roman Republic (to 27 BC).
See Roman Empire and Roman consul
Roman currency
Roman currency for most of Roman history consisted of gold, silver, bronze, orichalcum and copper coinage.
See Roman Empire and Roman currency
Roman dictator
A Roman dictator was an extraordinary magistrate in the Roman Republic endowed with full authority to resolve some specific problem to which he had been assigned.
See Roman Empire and Roman dictator
Roman economy
The study of the economies of the ancient city-state of Rome and its empire during the Republican and Imperial periods remains highly speculative.
See Roman Empire and Roman economy
Roman Egypt
Roman Egypt; was an imperial province of the Roman Empire from 30 BC to AD 641. Roman Empire and Roman Egypt are states and territories established in the 1st century BC.
See Roman Empire and Roman Egypt
Roman emperor
The Roman emperor was the ruler and monarchical head of state of the Roman Empire, starting with the granting of the title augustus to Octavian in 27 BC. Roman Empire and Roman emperor are 20s BC establishments in the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Roman emperor
Roman festivals
Festivals in ancient Rome were a very important part in Roman religious life during both the Republican and Imperial eras, and one of the primary features of the Roman calendar.
See Roman Empire and Roman festivals
Roman funerary practices
Roman funerary practices include the Ancient Romans' religious rituals concerning funerals, cremations, and burials.
See Roman Empire and Roman funerary practices
Roman gardens
Roman gardens and ornamental horticulture became highly developed under Roman civilization, and thrived from 150 BC to 350 AD.
See Roman Empire and Roman gardens
Roman glass
Roman glass objects have been recovered across the Roman Empire in domestic, industrial and funerary contexts.
See Roman Empire and Roman glass
Roman governor
A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Roman governor
Roman historiography
Roman historiography stretches back to at least the 3rd century BC and was indebted to earlier Greek historiography.
See Roman Empire and Roman historiography
Roman imperial cult
The Roman imperial cult (cultus imperatorius) identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority (auctoritas) of the Roman State.
See Roman Empire and Roman imperial cult
Roman Italy
Italia (in both the Latin and Italian languages), also referred to as Roman Italy, was the homeland of the ancient Romans. Roman Empire and Roman Italy are ancient Italian history and states and territories disestablished in the 5th century.
See Roman Empire and Roman Italy
Roman law
Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables, to the (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I. Roman law forms the basic framework for civil law, the most widely used legal system today, and the terms are sometimes used synonymously.
See Roman Empire and Roman law
Roman legion
The Roman legion (legiō), the largest military unit of the Roman army, was composed of Roman citizens serving as legionaries.
See Roman Empire and Roman legion
Roman magistrate
The Roman magistrates were elected officials in ancient Rome.
See Roman Empire and Roman magistrate
Roman naming conventions
Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names.
See Roman Empire and Roman naming conventions
Roman navy
The naval forces of the ancient Roman state (lit) were instrumental in the Roman conquest of the Mediterranean Basin, but it never enjoyed the prestige of the Roman legions.
See Roman Empire and Roman navy
Roman people
The Roman people was the body of Roman citizens (Rōmānī; Ῥωμαῖοι) during the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Roman people
Roman portraiture
Roman portraiture was one of the most significant periods in the development of portrait art.
See Roman Empire and Roman portraiture
Roman province
The Roman provinces (pl.) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Roman province
Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium. Roman Empire and Roman Republic are ancient Italian history, countries in ancient Africa, former countries in Africa, former countries in Europe, former countries in West Asia and italian states.
See Roman Empire and Roman Republic
Roman roads
Roman roads (viae Romanae; singular: via Romana; meaning "Roman way") were physical infrastructure vital to the maintenance and development of the Roman state, and were built from about 300 BC through the expansion and consolidation of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Roman roads
Roman sculpture
The study of Roman sculpture is complicated by its relation to Greek sculpture.
See Roman Empire and Roman sculpture
Roman Senate
The Roman Senate (Senātus Rōmānus) was the highest and constituting assembly of ancient Rome and its aristocracy.
See Roman Empire and Roman Senate
Roman Syria
Roman Syria was an early Roman province annexed to the Roman Republic in 64 BC by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War following the defeat of King of Armenia Tigranes the Great, who had become the protector of the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria. Roman Empire and Roman Syria are former countries in West Asia and states and territories established in the 1st century BC.
See Roman Empire and Roman Syria
Roman temple
Ancient Roman temples were among the most important buildings in Roman culture, and some of the richest buildings in Roman architecture, though only a few survive in any sort of complete state.
See Roman Empire and Roman temple
Roman theatre (structure)
Roman theatres derive from and are part of the overall evolution of earlier Greek theatres.
See Roman Empire and Roman theatre (structure)
Roman villa
A Roman villa was typically a farmhouse or country house in the territory of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, sometimes reaching extravagant proportions.
See Roman Empire and Roman villa
Romance languages
The Romance languages, also known as the Latin or Neo-Latin languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin.
See Roman Empire and Romance languages
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe that was predominant in the 11th and 12th centuries.
See Roman Empire and Romanesque architecture
Romanization (cultural)
Romanization or Latinization (Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Romanization (cultural)
Rome
Rome (Italian and Roma) is the capital city of Italy.
Romulus Augustulus
Romulus Augustus (after 511), nicknamed Augustulus, was Roman emperor of the West from 31 October 475 until 4 September 476.
See Roman Empire and Romulus Augustulus
Rotulus
A rotulus (plural rotuli) or rotula (pl. rotulae), often referred to as a "vertical roll," is a long and narrow strip of writing material, historically papyrus or parchment, that is wound around a wooden axle or rod.
Rum (endonym)
Rūm (روم, collective; singulative: رومي Rūmī; plural: أروامArwām; رومRum or رومیان Rumiyān, singular رومی Rumi; Rûm or Rûmîler, singular Rûmî), also romanized as Roum, is a derivative of Parthian (frwm) terms, ultimately derived from Greek Ῥωμαῖοι (Rhomaioi, literally 'Romans').
See Roman Empire and Rum (endonym)
Sacramental bread
Sacramental bread, also called Communion bread, Communion wafer, Sacred host, Eucharistic bread, the Lamb or simply the host (lit), is the bread used in the Christian ritual of the Eucharist.
See Roman Empire and Sacramental bread
Sacramental wine
Sacramental wine, Communion wine, altar wine, or wine for consecration is wine obtained from grapes and intended for use in celebration of the Eucharist (also referred to as the Lord's Supper or Holy Communion, among other names).
See Roman Empire and Sacramental wine
Sacramentum (oath)
In ancient Roman religion and law, the sacramentum was an oath or vow that rendered the swearer sacer, "given to the gods," in the negative sense if he violated it.
See Roman Empire and Sacramentum (oath)
Sacredness
Sacred describes something that is dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; is considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion; or inspires awe or reverence among believers.
See Roman Empire and Sacredness
Sanctuary of the Three Gauls
The Sanctuary of the Three Gauls (Tres Galliae) was the focal structure within an administrative and religious complex established by Rome in the very late 1st century BC at Lugdunum (the site of modern Lyon in France).
See Roman Empire and Sanctuary of the Three Gauls
Sanitation in ancient Rome
Sanitation in ancient Rome, acquired from the Etruscans, was very advanced compared to other ancient cities and provided water supply and sanitation services to residents of Rome.
See Roman Empire and Sanitation in ancient Rome
Sarcophagus
A sarcophagus (sarcophagi or sarcophaguses) is a coffin, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.
See Roman Empire and Sarcophagus
Satire
Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of exposing or shaming the perceived flaws of individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement.
Saturnalia
Saturnalia is an ancient Roman festival and holiday in honour of the god Saturn, held on 17 December of the Julian calendar and later expanded with festivities through 19 December.
See Roman Empire and Saturnalia
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.
See Roman Empire and Saudi Arabia
Science in classical antiquity
Science in classical antiquity encompasses inquiries into the workings of the world or universe aimed at both practical goals (e.g., establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses) as well as more abstract investigations belonging to natural philosophy.
See Roman Empire and Science in classical antiquity
Science in the medieval Islamic world
Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids and the Buyids in Persia and beyond, spanning the period roughly between 786 and 1258.
See Roman Empire and Science in the medieval Islamic world
Science in the Renaissance
During the Renaissance, great advances occurred in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, manufacturing, anatomy and engineering.
See Roman Empire and Science in the Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
See Roman Empire and Scientific Revolution
Scourge
A scourge is a whip or lash, especially a multi-thong type, used to inflict severe corporal punishment or self-mortification.
Scriba (ancient Rome)
In ancient Rome, the scriba (Latin;: scribae) was a public notary or clerk (see also scrivener).
See Roman Empire and Scriba (ancient Rome)
Scribe
A scribe is a person who serves as a professional copyist, especially one who made copies of manuscripts before the invention of automatic printing.
Second Sophistic
The Second Sophistic is a literary-historical term referring to the Greek writers who flourished from the reign of Nero until c. 230 AD and who were catalogued and celebrated by Philostratus in his Lives of the Sophists.
See Roman Empire and Second Sophistic
Selective breeding
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
See Roman Empire and Selective breeding
Seneca the Younger
Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger (AD 65), usually known mononymously as Seneca, was a Stoic philosopher of Ancient Rome, a statesman, dramatist, and in one work, satirist, from the post-Augustan age of Latin literature.
See Roman Empire and Seneca the Younger
Septimius Severus
Lucius Septimius Severus (11 April 145 – 4 February 211) was a Roman politician who served as emperor from 193 to 211.
See Roman Empire and Septimius Severus
Servile Wars
The Servile Wars were a series of three slave revolts ("servile" is derived from servus, Latin for "slave") in the late Roman Republic.
See Roman Empire and Servile Wars
Sestertius
The sestertius (sestertii) or sesterce (sesterces) was an ancient Roman coin.
See Roman Empire and Sestertius
Severan dynasty
The Severan dynasty, sometimes called the Septimian dynasty, was an Ancient Roman imperial dynasty that ruled the Roman Empire between 193 and 235, during the Roman imperial period.
See Roman Empire and Severan dynasty
Sexuality in ancient Rome
Sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome are indicated by art, literature, and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.
See Roman Empire and Sexuality in ancient Rome
Shellfish
Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms.
See Roman Empire and Shellfish
Sidonius Apollinaris
Gaius Sollius Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius, better known as Sidonius Apollinaris (5 November, 430 – 481/490 AD), was a poet, diplomat, and bishop.
See Roman Empire and Sidonius Apollinaris
Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)
The Siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea.
See Roman Empire and Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)
Silk Road
The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.
See Roman Empire and Silk Road
Silvae
The is a collection of Latin occasional poetry in hexameters, hendecasyllables, and lyric meters by Publius Papinius Statius (c. 45 – c. 96 CE).
Sino-Roman relations
Sino-Roman relations comprised the (primarily indirect) contacts and flows of trade goods, information, and occasional travelers between the Roman Empire and the Han dynasty, as well as between the later Eastern Roman Empire and various successive Chinese dynasties that followed.
See Roman Empire and Sino-Roman relations
Skyphos
A skyphos (σκύφος;: skyphoi) is a two-handled deep wine-cup on a low flanged base or none.
Slavery in ancient Greece
Slavery was a widely accepted practice in ancient Greece, as it was in contemporaneous societies.
See Roman Empire and Slavery in ancient Greece
Slavery in Brazil
Slavery in Brazil began long before the first Portuguese settlement.
See Roman Empire and Slavery in Brazil
Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
Slavery in the British and French Caribbean refers to slavery in the parts of the Caribbean dominated by France or the British Empire.
See Roman Empire and Slavery in the British and French Caribbean
Slavery in the United States
The legal institution of human chattel slavery, comprising the enslavement primarily of Africans and African Americans, was prevalent in the United States of America from its founding in 1776 until 1865, predominantly in the South.
See Roman Empire and Slavery in the United States
Sling (weapon)
A sling is a projectile weapon typically used to hand-throw a blunt projectile such as a stone, clay, or lead "sling-bullet".
See Roman Empire and Sling (weapon)
Social class in ancient Rome
Social class in ancient Rome was hierarchical, with multiple and overlapping social hierarchies.
See Roman Empire and Social class in ancient Rome
Social mobility
Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society.
See Roman Empire and Social mobility
Sodales Augustales
The Sodales or Sacerdotes Augustales (singular Sodalis or Sacerdos Augustalis), or simply Augustales,Tacitus, Annales 1.54 were an order (sodalitas) of Roman priests originally instituted by Tiberius to attend to the maintenance of the cult of Augustus and the Julii.
See Roman Empire and Sodales Augustales
Sol Invictus
Sol Invictus ("Invincible Sun" or "Unconquered Sun") was the official sun god of the late Roman Empire and a later version of the god Sol.
See Roman Empire and Sol Invictus
Solarium Augusti
The Solarium Augusti or Horologium Augusti (both Latin for "Sundial of Augustus"; Orologio di Augusto) was a monument in the Campus Martius of ancient Rome constructed in 10 BCE under the Roman emperor Augustus.
See Roman Empire and Solarium Augusti
Solecism
A solecism is a phrase that transgresses the rules of grammar.
Solidus (coin)
The solidus (Latin 'solid';: solidi) or nomisma (νόμισμα, nómisma, 'coin') was a highly pure gold coin issued in the Later Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire.
See Roman Empire and Solidus (coin)
Soranus of Ephesus
Soranus of Ephesus (Σωρανός ὁ Ἑφέσιος; 1st/2nd century AD) was a Greek physician.
See Roman Empire and Soranus of Ephesus
Sphaeristerium
Sphaeristerium (Latin; from the Greek σφαιριστήριον; from σφαῖρα, ball) is a term in Classical architecture given to a large open space connected with the Roman thermae for exercise with balls after the bather had been anointed.
See Roman Empire and Sphaeristerium
Sports riot
A sports riot is a riot that occurs during or after sporting events.
See Roman Empire and Sports riot
SPQR
SPQR, an initialism for Senatus Populusque Romanus, is an emblematic phrase referring to the government of the Roman Republic.
Spread of Christianity
Christianity began as a Second Temple Judaic sect in the 1st century in the Roman province of Judea, from where it spread throughout and beyond the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Spread of Christianity
Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
See Roman Empire and Springer Science+Business Media
Stadion (running race)
Stadion or stade (στάδιον) was an ancient running event and also the building in which it took place, as part of Panhellenic Games including the Ancient Olympic Games.
See Roman Empire and Stadion (running race)
Stagecraft
Stagecraft is a technical aspect of theatrical, film, and video production.
See Roman Empire and Stagecraft
Standard of living
Standard of living is the level of income, comforts and services available to an individual, community or society.
See Roman Empire and Standard of living
Statius
Publius Papinius Statius (Greek: Πόπλιος Παπίνιος Στάτιος) was a Latin poet of the 1st century CE.
Steam engine
A steam engine is a heat engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid.
See Roman Empire and Steam engine
Strabo
StraboStrabo (meaning "squinty", as in strabismus) was a term employed by the Romans for anyone whose eyes were distorted or deformed.
String instrument
In musical instrument classification, string instruments or chordophones, are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.
See Roman Empire and String instrument
Subiaco Dams
The Subiaco Dams were a group of three Roman gravity dams at Subiaco, Lazio, Italy, devised as pleasure lakes for Emperor Nero (54–68 AD).
See Roman Empire and Subiaco Dams
Subsistence economy
A subsistence economy is an economy directed to basic subsistence, the provision of food, clothing, shelter rather than to the market.
See Roman Empire and Subsistence economy
Succession of the Roman Empire
The continuation, succession, and revival of the Roman Empire is a running theme of the history of Europe and the Mediterranean Basin.
See Roman Empire and Succession of the Roman Empire
Sudatorium
In architecture, a sudatorium is a vaulted sweating-room (sudor, "sweat") or steam bath (Latin: sudationes, steam) of the Roman baths or thermae.
See Roman Empire and Sudatorium
Suetonius
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus, commonly referred to as Suetonius (– after AD 122), was a Roman historian who wrote during the early Imperial era of the Roman Empire.
See Roman Empire and Suetonius
Summary execution
In civil and military jurisprudence, summary execution is the putting to death of a person accused of a crime without the benefit of a free and fair trial.
See Roman Empire and Summary execution
Taberna
A taberna (tabernae) was a type of shop or stall in Ancient Rome.
Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (–), was a Roman historian and politician.
Take-out
Take-out or takeout is a prepared meal or other food items, purchased at a restaurant or fast food outlet with the intent to eat elsewhere.
Talmud
The Talmud (תַּלְמוּד|Talmūḏ|teaching) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.
Tame bear
A tame bear, often called a dancing bear, is a wild bear captured when young, or born and bred in captivity, and used to entertain people in streets or taverns.
See Roman Empire and Tame bear
Tax resistance
Tax resistance is the refusal to pay tax because of opposition to the government that is imposing the tax, or to government policy, or as opposition to taxation in itself.
See Roman Empire and Tax resistance
Terra sigillata
Terra sigillata is a term with at least three distinct meanings: as a description of medieval medicinal earth; in archaeology, as a general term for some of the fine red Ancient Roman pottery with glossy surface slips made in specific areas of the Roman Empire; and more recently, as a description of a contemporary studio pottery technique supposedly inspired by ancient pottery.
See Roman Empire and Terra sigillata
Terracotta
Terracotta, also known as terra cotta or terra-cotta, is a clay-based non-vitreous ceramicOED, "Terracotta";, MFA Boston, "Cameo" database fired at relatively low temperatures.
See Roman Empire and Terracotta
Tertullian
Tertullian (Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus; 155 – 220 AD) was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa.
See Roman Empire and Tertullian
Tessellation
A tessellation or tiling is the covering of a surface, often a plane, using one or more geometric shapes, called tiles, with no overlaps and no gaps.
See Roman Empire and Tessellation
Tessera
A tessera (plural: tesserae, diminutive tessella) is an individual tile, usually formed in the shape of a square, used in creating a mosaic.
Tetrarchy
The Tetrarchy was the system instituted by Roman emperor Diocletian in 293 AD to govern the ancient Roman Empire by dividing it between two emperors, the augusti, and their junior colleagues and designated successors, the caesares.
See Roman Empire and Tetrarchy
The City of God
On the City of God Against the Pagans (De civitate Dei contra paganos), often called The City of God, is a book of Christian philosophy written in Latin by Augustine of Hippo in the early 5th century AD.
See Roman Empire and The City of God
The Twelve Caesars
De vita Caesarum (Latin; "About the Life of the Caesars"), commonly known as The Twelve Caesars, is a set of twelve biographies of Julius Caesar and the first 11 emperors of the Roman Empire written by Gaius Suetonius Tranquillus.
See Roman Empire and The Twelve Caesars
Theatre of ancient Rome
The architectural form of theatre in Rome has been linked to later, more well-known examples from the 1st century BC to the 3rd Century AD.
See Roman Empire and Theatre of ancient Rome
Theodosius I
Theodosius I (Θεοδόσιος; 11 January 347 – 17 January 395), also called Theodosius the Great, was a Roman emperor from 379 to 395.
See Roman Empire and Theodosius I
Thermae
In ancient Rome, (from Greek, "hot") and (from Greek) were facilities for bathing.
Thermopolium
In the ancient Greco-Roman world, a thermopolium (thermopolia), from Greek θερμοπώλιον (thermopōlion), i.e. cook-shop, literally "a place where (something) hot is sold", was a commercial establishment where it was possible to purchase ready-to-eat food.
See Roman Empire and Thermopolium
Thracia
Thracia or Thrace (Thrakē) is the ancient name given to the southeastern Balkan region, the land inhabited by the Thracians.
Thracian language
The Thracian language is an extinct and poorly attested language, spoken in ancient times in Southeast Europe by the Thracians.
See Roman Empire and Thracian language
Thraex
The Thraex (Thraeces), or Thracian, was a type of Roman gladiator armed in Thracian style.
Tiberius
Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37.
Timeline of Roman history
This is a timeline of Roman history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the Roman Kingdom and Republic and the Roman and Byzantine Empires.
See Roman Empire and Timeline of Roman history
Titus
Titus Caesar Vespasianus (30 December 39 – 13 September AD 81) was Roman emperor from 79 to 81.
Toga
The toga, a distinctive garment of ancient Rome, was a roughly semicircular cloth, between in length, draped over the shoulders and around the body.
Tonne
The tonne (or; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms.
Trajan
Trajan (born Marcus Ulpius Traianus, adopted name Caesar Nerva Traianus; 18 September 53) was a Roman emperor from AD 98 to 117, remembered as the second of the Five Good Emperors of the Nerva–Antonine dynasty.
Trajan's Bridge
Trajan's Bridge (Podul lui Traian; translit), also called Bridge of Apollodorus over the Danube, was a Roman segmental arch bridge, the first bridge to be built over the lower Danube and considered one of the greatest achievements in Roman architecture.
See Roman Empire and Trajan's Bridge
Translatio imperii
Translatio imperii (Latin for "transfer of rule") is a historiographical concept that was prominent in the Middle Ages in the thinking and writing of elite groups of the population in Europe, but was the reception of a concept from antiquity.
See Roman Empire and Translatio imperii
Travesti (theatre)
Travesti is a theatrical character in an opera, play, or ballet performed by a performer of the opposite sex.
See Roman Empire and Travesti (theatre)
Tres militiae
The tres militiae ("three military posts") was a career progression of the Roman Imperial army for men of the equestrian order.
See Roman Empire and Tres militiae
Triclinium
A triclinium (triclinia) is a formal dining room in a Roman building.
See Roman Empire and Triclinium
Trigon (game)
Trigon was a form of ball game played by the ancient Romans.
See Roman Empire and Trigon (game)
Triumphal arch
A triumphal arch is a free-standing monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road, and usually standing alone, unconnected to other buildings.
See Roman Empire and Triumphal arch
Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. Roman Empire and tsardom of Russia are former countries in Europe, former empires and former monarchies of Europe.
See Roman Empire and Tsardom of Russia
Tunic
A tunic is a garment for the body, usually simple in style, reaching from the shoulders to a length somewhere between the hips and the ankles.
Tutelary deity
A tutelary (also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation.
See Roman Empire and Tutelary deity
Tyrian purple
Tyrian purple (πορφύρα porphúra; purpura), also known as royal purple, imperial purple, or imperial dye, is a reddish-purple natural dye.
See Roman Empire and Tyrian purple
Unification of Italy
The unification of Italy (Unità d'Italia), also known as the Risorgimento, was the 19th century political and social movement that in 1861 resulted in the consolidation of various states of the Italian Peninsula and its outlying isles into a single state, the Kingdom of Italy.
See Roman Empire and Unification of Italy
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Roman Empire and United States
Vagdavercustis
Vagdavercustis is a Germanic goddess known from a dedicatory inscription on an altar found at Cologne (Köln), Germany.
See Roman Empire and Vagdavercustis
Valentinian dynasty
The Valentinian dynasty was a ruling house of five generations of dynasts, including five Roman emperors during late antiquity, lasting nearly a hundred years from the mid fourth to the mid fifth century.
See Roman Empire and Valentinian dynasty
Valve
A valve is a device or natural object that regulates, directs or controls the flow of a fluid (gases, liquids, fluidized solids, or slurries) by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
Vassal state
A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe.
See Roman Empire and Vassal state
Vault (architecture)
In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof.
See Roman Empire and Vault (architecture)
Venatio
Venatio (venatio, "hunting", plural venationes) was a type of entertainment in Roman amphitheaters involving the hunting and killing of wild animals.
Verism
Verism was a realistic style in Roman art.
Vespasian
Vespasian (Vespasianus; 17 November AD 9 – 23 June 79) was Roman emperor from 69 to 79.
See Roman Empire and Vespasian
Vibia Sabina
Vibia Sabina (83–136/137) was a Roman Empress, wife and second cousin once removed to the Roman Emperor Hadrian.
See Roman Empire and Vibia Sabina
Victory column
A victory column, or monumental column or triumphal column, is a monument in the form of a column, erected in memory of a victorious battle, war, or revolution.
See Roman Empire and Victory column
Vicus
In Ancient Rome, the Latin term vicus (plural vici) designated a village within a rural area (pagus) or the neighbourhood of a larger settlement.
Vigiles
Vigiles or more properly the Vigiles Urbani ("watchmen of the City") or Cohortes Vigilum ("cohorts of the watchmen") were the firefighters and police of ancient Rome.
Vir illustris
The title vir illustris is used as a formal indication of standing in late antiquity to describe the highest ranks within the senates of Rome and Constantinople.
See Roman Empire and Vir illustris
Virgil
Publius Vergilius Maro (traditional dates 15 October 70 BC21 September 19 BC), usually called Virgil or Vergil in English, was an ancient Roman poet of the Augustan period.
Virginia State Capitol
The Virginia State Capitol is the seat of state government of the Commonwealth of Virginia, located in Richmond, the state capital.
See Roman Empire and Virginia State Capitol
Votum
In ancient Roman religion, a votum, plural vota, is a vow or promise made to a deity.
Vulgar Latin
Vulgar Latin, also known as Popular or Colloquial Latin, is the range of non-formal registers of Latin spoken from the Late Roman Republic onward.
See Roman Empire and Vulgar Latin
Vulgate
The Vulgate is a late-4th-century Latin translation of the Bible.
Wars of Augustus
The wars of Augustus are the military campaigns undertaken by the Roman government during the sole rule of the founder-emperor Augustus (30 BC – AD 14).
See Roman Empire and Wars of Augustus
Water organ
The water organ or hydraulic organ (ὕδραυλις) (early types are sometimes called hydraulos, hydraulus or hydraula) is a type of pipe organ blown by air, where the power source pushing the air is derived by water from a natural source (e.g. by a waterfall) or by a manual pump.
See Roman Empire and Water organ
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
See Roman Empire and West Asia
Western Roman Empire
In modern historiography, the Western Roman Empire was the western provinces of the Roman Empire, collectively, during any period in which they were administered separately from the eastern provinces by a separate, independent imperial court. Roman Empire and western Roman Empire are former countries in Africa, former countries in Europe, former empires, former monarchies of Europe, historical transcontinental empires, italian states and states and territories disestablished in the 5th century.
See Roman Empire and Western Roman Empire
Year of the Four Emperors
The Year of the Four Emperors, AD 69, was the first civil war of the Roman Empire, during which four emperors ruled in succession: Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian.
See Roman Empire and Year of the Four Emperors
Zeno (emperor)
Zeno (Zénōn; – 9 April 491) was Eastern Roman emperor from 474 to 475 and again from 476 to 491.
See Roman Empire and Zeno (emperor)
14 regions of Augustan Rome
In 7 BC, Augustus divided the city of Rome into 14 administrative regions (Latin regiones, regio).
See Roman Empire and 14 regions of Augustan Rome
See also
1st-century BC establishments in Italy
- Cisalpine Gaul
- Roman Empire
- Villa Boscoreale
20s BC establishments in the Roman Empire
- Augusta Emerita
- Crete and Cyrenaica
- Dalmatia (Roman province)
- Gallia Aquitania
- Gallia Lugdunensis
- Germa (Galatia)
- Illyricum (Roman province)
- Julio-Claudian dynasty
- Jupiter Tonans
- Mérida, Spain
- Mediolanum Santonum
- Milliarium Aureum
- Roman Empire
- Roman emperor
- Saepta Julia
- Temple of Augustus and Rome
27 BC establishments
- Classis Misenensis
- Classis Ravennas
- Dalmatia (Roman province)
- Gallia Aquitania
- Gallia Lugdunensis
- Roman Empire
- Thuburbo Majus
470s disestablishments
- Roman Empire
- Septem Provinciae
476 disestablishments
5th-century disestablishments in Italy
- Roman Empire
Ancient Italian history
- Agesilaus (historian)
- Alaric I
- Alexarchus (historian)
- Ancient Apulia
- Ancient Rome
- Ancient Sardinia
- Ancient Sicily
- Ancient peoples of Italy
- Artas of Messapia
- Battle of Pedum (358 BC)
- Battle of Tauroento
- Bibulca Way
- Cisalpine Gaul
- Collatia
- Crustumerium
- Hellanicus of Lesbos
- Latins (Italic tribe)
- Lavici
- Lavinium
- Lorium
- Magna Graecia
- Melinno
- Monte Cavo
- Opis of Messapia
- Ostrogoths
- Pedum
- Praetorian prefecture of Italy
- Roman Empire
- Roman Italy
- Roman Kingdom
- Roman Republic
- Sea Peoples
- Siege of Corfinium
- Siege of Curicta
- Veleia (Italy)
Countries in ancient Africa
- Achaemenid Empire
- Aethiopia
- Agisymba
- Alodia
- Ancient Carthage
- Blemmyes
- Bura archaeological site
- Bura culture
- Carthage
- Cinithian
- Cyrenaica
- Dʿmt
- Gaetuli
- Garamantes
- Kerma culture
- Kingdom of Aksum
- Kingdom of Kush
- Kingdom of Mauretania
- Kingdom of Numidia
- Land of Punt
- Libu
- Makuria
- Mauretania
- Neo-Assyrian Empire
- Ngoyo
- Nobatia
- Numidia
- Ptolemaic Kingdom
- Roman Empire
- Roman Republic
- Sasanian Empire
- Vandal Kingdom
Historical transcontinental empires
- Abbasid Caliphate
- Achaemenid Empire
- Afsharid Iran
- Almohad Caliphate
- Almoravid dynasty
- Ayyubid dynasty
- Belgian colonial empire
- British Empire
- Byzantine Empire
- Danish overseas colonies
- Dutch colonial empire
- Fatimid Caliphate
- First French Empire
- First Turkic Khaganate
- French colonial empire
- Golden Horde
- Italian Empire
- Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
- Mamluk Sultanate
- Mongol Empire
- Ottoman Empire
- Portuguese Empire
- Rashidun Caliphate
- Roman Empire
- Russian Empire
- Safavid Iran
- Soviet Union
- Spanish Empire
- Timurid Empire
- Umayyad Caliphate
- Western Roman Empire
- Western Turkic Khaganate
States and territories disestablished in 1453
- Byzantine Empire
- Byzantine Empire under the Palaiologos dynasty
- Dual monarchy of England and France
- Duchy of Gascony
- Roman Empire
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
- Africa (Roman province)
- Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
- Alpes Maritimae
- Ancient Rome
- Byzantine Empire under the Theodosian dynasty
- Dalmatia (Roman province)
- Diocese of Africa
- Diocese of Gaul
- Eastern Ye
- Gallia Aquitania
- Gallia Belgica
- Gallia Lugdunensis
- Gallia Narbonensis
- Germania Inferior
- Germania Superior
- Hispania
- Hispania Baetica
- Hispania Tarraconensis
- Huns
- Indo-Scythians
- Noricum
- Odoacer
- Okjeo
- Pannonia Prima
- Pannonia Savia
- Pannonia Secunda
- Pannonia Valeria
- Raetia
- Roman Britain
- Roman Empire
- Roman Gaul
- Roman Italy
- Rugiland
- Sardinia and Corsica
- Septem Provinciae
- Sicilia (Roman province)
- Thamud
- Viennensis
- Western Roman Empire
- Western Satraps
States and territories established in the 1st century BC
- Achaia (Roman province)
- Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
- Alpes Maritimae
- Baekje
- Bithynia and Pontus
- Cilicia (Roman province)
- Crete and Cyrenaica
- Crimea in the Roman era
- Dacia
- Dalmatia (Roman province)
- Galatia (Roman province)
- Gallia Aquitania
- Gallia Belgica
- Gallia Lugdunensis
- Germania Antiqua
- Goguryeo
- Government of Baekje
- Herodian kingdom
- Herodian tetrarchy
- Hispania Baetica
- Hispania Tarraconensis
- Illyricum (Roman province)
- Indo-Parthian Kingdom
- Kingdom of Munster
- Lusitania
- Noricum
- Raetia
- Roman Armenia
- Roman Cyprus
- Roman Egypt
- Roman Empire
- Roman Syria
- Silla
- Thracian kingdom (Roman vassal state)
References
Also known as Ancient Roman Empire, Empire of Rome, Imperial Roman, Imperial Rome, Imperial era, Imperio romano, Imperium Romanum, Imperium sine fine, Literacy and education in the Roman Empire, Old Roman Empire, Ordo senatorius, Performing arts in ancient Rome, Recreation and spectacle in the Roman Empire, Roman Age, Roman Empire period, Roman Era, Roman empier, Roman empire's start and end, Roman imperial, Roman period, Rome empire, Rome, and the Roman Empire, Romn Empire, The Roman Empire.
, Augustus, Augustus (title), Aulos, Aurelian, Aureus, Ausonius, Autocracy, Auxilia, Avaricum, Backgammon, Barbarian, Barracks emperor, Barter, Base metal, Basilica of Junius Bassus, Basque language, Battle of Actium, Battle of Philippi, Battle of Ravenna (476), Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, Beirut, Berytus, Bithynia, Bituriges Cubi, Black Sea, Blond, Board game, Borders of the Roman Empire, Boscoreale Treasure, Bourges, Braccae, Brass instrument, Brazier, Bread and circuses, Brown hair, Bullion, Bullion coin, Burial society, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine Empire under the Justinian dynasty, Byzantine senate, Cage cup, Caligula, Calligraphy, Calorie, Campaign history of the Roman military, Campus Martius, Canon (basic principle), Capacity (law), Cappadocia (Roman province), Caracalla, Carmen (verse), Cassius Dio, Castra, Catholic Monarchs of Spain, Cádiz, Celtic languages, Celts, Cena, Central bank, Centuria, Chariot racing, Charlemagne, Charles VIII of France, Chef, Child abandonment, Chrism, Christendom, Christian apologetics, Christian Church, Christian martyr, Christianity as the Roman state religion, Christopher Kelly (historian), Chthonic, Church Fathers, Cilician pirates, Circus Maximus, Civil disorder, Civil wars of the Tetrarchy, Civitas, Classical antiquity, Classical Latin, Classical mythology, Classical tradition, Classicism, Claudian, Claudius, Cleopatra, Clifford Ando, Codex, Codex Gregorianus, Codex Hermogenianus, Cohort (military unit), Cohortes urbanae, Collegium (ancient Rome), Colonia (Roman), Colosseum, Commodity, Commodus, Como, Composition (visual arts), Confraternity, Conscription, Constantine the Great, Constantine the Great and Christianity, Constantine XI Palaiologos, Constantinian dynasty, Constantinople, Constitutio Antoniniana, Constitutional reforms of Augustus, Consualia, Contubernium (Roman army unit), Conversion to Christianity, Coptic language, Copyright, Cornu (horn), Corporal punishment, Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, Credit, Crisis of the Roman Republic, Crisis of the Third Century, Crop rotation, Crucifixion, Cura annonae, Curator Aquarum, Curiales, Curse tablet, Cursus honorum, Cursus publicus, Cybele, Damnatio ad bestias, Danube, Danubian provinces, Daqin, De aquaeductu, De facto, De jure, Debasement, Debt, Decian persecution, Decorative arts, Deforestation during the Roman period, Denarius, Dendera Temple complex, Deposit account, Deposition of Romulus Augustus, Dice, Diglossia, Dignitas (Roman concept), Diocletian, Diocletianic Persecution, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Direct tax, Divine right of kings, Doll, Dome, Domicile (law), Dominate, Dominus (title), Domitian, Domus, Donativum, Double standard, Drag (entertainment), Druid, Early Christianity, Early Middle Ages, Eastern Orthodox Church, Economic collapse, Economic history, Economic rationalism, Economics of the Roman army, Economies of scale, Ecumene, Edict of Milan, Edict of Thessalonica, Edward Gibbon, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Elizabeth Digeser, Empire of Nicaea, Empire of Thessalonica, Empire of Trebizond, Engineering tolerance, Ephesus, Epidemic, Epigram, Epona, Epulones, Equites, Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum, Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, Etruscan architecture, Eunuch, Euphrates, Europe, Exfoliation (cosmetology), Fall of Constantinople, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Family in ancient Rome, Family values, Farm (revenue leasing), Fashion brand, Fasting, Fayum mummy portraits, Fiat money, Figurative art, Financial capital, Financial endowment, Fine dining, Fish sauce, Fishery, Flamingo, Flavian dynasty, Foodie, Forum (Roman), Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding of Rome, Fourth Crusade, Fowl, Fractional-reserve banking, Fresco, Frontinus, Fulling, Fullo, Funeral games, Gaius (jurist), Galen, Gallic Empire, Gallo-Roman religion, Gallo-Romance languages, Game (hunting), Garum, Gaulish, Gear train, Genius (mythology), Geographica, Germanic paganism, Germanic peoples, Germanic–Roman contacts, Gladiator, Gladiatrix, Glassblowing, Glossary of ancient Roman religion, Gluttony, Gnomon, Goat meat, Gourmet, Government budget balance, Government debt, Grade (slope), Grammarian (Greco-Roman), Gravity, Great Fire of Rome, Greco-Roman mysteries, Greece in the Roman era, Greek East and Latin West, Greek language, Greek lyric, Greek Magical Papyri, Greek mythology, Greek wrestling, Greeks, Greenland ice sheet, Gupta Empire, Hadrian, Hadrian's Wall, Harpastum, Hellenistic art, Hellenistic period, Hellenistic religion, Herennius Modestinus, Heresy in Christianity, Hero of Alexandria, Heroic nudity, Heruli, Hispania, Historical reenactment, Historiography of the fall of the Western Roman Empire, History of Athens, History of China, History of Greek, History of Latin, History of scrolls, History of the Roman Empire, Holy Roman Empire, Homer, Horace, Horse racing, Human sacrifice, Humorism, Huns, Hydraulic mining, Hypocaust, Imperator, Imperium, Inaugural games of the Colosseum, Income distribution, Indirect tax, Industrial Revolution, Infamia, Ingot, Inheritance tax, Initiation, Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae, Institutes (Gaius), Insula (building), Insulated glazing, International law, Interpretatio graeca, Invasion, Isis, Islamic architecture, Italian Empire, Italian imperialism under fascism, Italian nationalism, Italian Peninsula, Italian Renaissance, Italic languages, Ivory carving, Jerash, Jerome, Jerusalem in Christianity, Jewish Christianity, Jewish diaspora, Jewish–Roman wars, Jinyu Liu, Josephus, Judaea (Roman province), Judaism, Julian (emperor), Julio-Claudian dynasty, Julius Caesar, Jupiter (god), Jurist, Jus gentium, Jus trium liberorum, Juvenal, King of Rome, Kithara, Knucklebones, Koine Greek, Land use, Languages of the Roman Empire, Lares, Late antiquity, Late Middle Ages, Latifundium, Latin, Latin Empire, Latin literature, Latin rights, Laurel wreath, Law school of Berytus, Legacy of the Roman Empire, Legal person, Legatus, Legionary, Legume, Lex Aquilia, Lex Fufia Caninia, Lex Julia, Lex Roscia theatralis, Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae, Libation, Libretto, Lictor, Limes (Roman Empire), Limited government, Lingua franca, List of largest empires, List of Latin legal terms, List of National Historic Landmarks in Washington, D.C., List of political systems in France, List of Roman amphitheatres, List of Roman civil wars and revolts, List of Roman dams and reservoirs, List of Roman deities, List of Roman dynasties, List of Roman emperors, List of Roman gladiator types, List of Roman public baths, Literacy, Literary forgery, Livy, Local government (ancient Roman), Low Countries, Lucan, Lucian, Ludi, Ludi magister, Ludus (ancient Rome), Ludus duodecim scriptorum, Ludus latrunculorum, Ludus Magnus, Lusus Troiae, Macedonia (Roman province), Macrobius, Magic in the Greco-Roman world, Magistrates of the Roman Empire, Maison carrée, Mansio, Manumission, Manus marriage, Marcus Aurelius, Marcus Junkelmann, Mardonius (philosopher), Mare Nostrum, Maritime republics, Mark Antony, Marriage in ancient Rome, Martial, Martianus Capella, Materia medica, Medieval literature, Mediolanum, Mediterranean diet, Mediterranean Sea, Mehmed II, Metamorphoses, Metre (poetry), Middle Ages, Migration Period, Mile, Military logistics, Mining, Mithraism, Mixed government, Monetization, Money supply, Mos maiorum, Mosaic, Mullet (fish), Munera (ancient Rome), Municipium, Music of ancient Rome, Najran, Names of Istanbul, Names of the Greeks, Napoleonic Code, Narrative ballet, Natural History (Pliny), Naumachia, Nazi Germany, Nîmes, Negotiable instrument, Neoclassical architecture, Nero, Nerva, Nerva–Antonine dynasty, Nicene Christianity, Nicomedia, Nika riots, Nile, Nobility, North Africa, Northern England, Numeracy, Nymphaeum, Obelisk of Montecitorio, October Horse, Odeon (building), Odoacer, Olive oil, Open government, Open-pit mining, Oppidum, Opus sectile, Opus tessellatum, Original jurisdiction, Orthopraxy, Otium, Ottoman claim to Roman succession, Ottoman conquest of Otranto, Ottoman Empire, Outline of ancient Rome, Ovid, Padua, Paedagogus (occupation), Paideia, Palaestra, Pallium (Roman cloak), Palmyra, Palmyrene Aramaic, Palmyrene Empire, Pandemic, Pankration, Papinian, Papyrus, Pastoralism, Patchwork, Pater familias, Patera, Patronage in ancient Rome, Pax Romana, Peafowl, Peregrinus (Roman), Periodization, Peristyle, Persecution in Lyon, Persius, Peter Brown (historian), Petronius, Pharaoh, Pietas, Piston, Plagiarism, Plague of Cyprian, Pliny the Elder, Pliny the Younger, Plutarch, Plutocracy, Pneumatic cylinder, Polenta, Polis, Political geography, Poll tax, Pompa circensis, Pompeian Styles, Pompeii, Pontifex maximus, Popina, Praetorian Guard, Precious metal, Prefect, Price, Princeps, Principate, Privatus, Proconsul, Procurator (ancient Rome), Prostitution in ancient Rome, Proto-Basque language, Prudentius, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Public art, Puls (food), Punic language, Punic Wars, Purge, Qin dynasty, Quaestor, Quinquennial Neronia, Quintilian, Race (human categorization), Ravenna, Ray Laurence, Recitationes, Redistribution of income and wealth, Relief, Religio licita, Religion in ancient Rome, Religious tolerance, Renaissance architecture, Renaissance literature, Republic, Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Retributive justice, Rhetoric, Rhine, Rhineland, Rhythmic gymnastics, Risotto, Roman amphitheatre, Roman aqueduct, Roman art, Roman bridge, Roman Britain, Roman calendar, Roman cavalry, Roman censor, Roman circus, Roman citizenship, Roman commerce, Roman concrete, Roman consul, Roman currency, Roman dictator, Roman economy, Roman Egypt, Roman emperor, Roman festivals, Roman funerary practices, Roman gardens, Roman glass, Roman governor, Roman historiography, Roman imperial cult, Roman Italy, Roman law, Roman legion, Roman magistrate, Roman naming conventions, Roman navy, Roman people, Roman portraiture, Roman province, Roman Republic, Roman roads, Roman sculpture, Roman Senate, Roman Syria, Roman temple, Roman theatre (structure), Roman villa, Romance languages, Romanesque architecture, Romanization (cultural), Rome, Romulus Augustulus, Rotulus, Rum (endonym), Sacramental bread, Sacramental wine, Sacramentum (oath), Sacredness, Sanctuary of the Three Gauls, Sanitation in ancient Rome, Sarcophagus, Satire, Saturnalia, Saudi Arabia, Science in classical antiquity, Science in the medieval Islamic world, Science in the Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, Scourge, Scriba (ancient Rome), Scribe, Second Sophistic, Selective breeding, Seneca the Younger, Septimius Severus, Servile Wars, Sestertius, Severan dynasty, Sexuality in ancient Rome, Shellfish, Sidonius Apollinaris, Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE), Silk Road, Silvae, Sino-Roman relations, Skyphos, Slavery in ancient Greece, Slavery in Brazil, Slavery in the British and French Caribbean, Slavery in the United States, Sling (weapon), Social class in ancient Rome, Social mobility, Sodales Augustales, Sol Invictus, Solarium Augusti, Solecism, Solidus (coin), Soranus of Ephesus, Sphaeristerium, Sports riot, SPQR, Spread of Christianity, Springer Science+Business Media, Stadion (running race), Stagecraft, Standard of living, Statius, Steam engine, Strabo, String instrument, Subiaco Dams, Subsistence economy, Succession of the Roman Empire, Sudatorium, Suetonius, Summary execution, Taberna, Tacitus, Take-out, Talmud, Tame bear, Tax resistance, Terra sigillata, Terracotta, Tertullian, Tessellation, Tessera, Tetrarchy, The City of God, The Twelve Caesars, Theatre of ancient Rome, Theodosius I, Thermae, Thermopolium, Thracia, Thracian language, Thraex, Tiberius, Timeline of Roman history, Titus, Toga, Tonne, Trajan, Trajan's Bridge, Translatio imperii, Travesti (theatre), Tres militiae, Triclinium, Trigon (game), Triumphal arch, Tsardom of Russia, Tunic, Tutelary deity, Tyrian purple, Unification of Italy, United States, Vagdavercustis, Valentinian dynasty, Valve, Vassal state, Vault (architecture), Venatio, Verism, Vespasian, Vibia Sabina, Victory column, Vicus, Vigiles, Vir illustris, Virgil, Virginia State Capitol, Votum, Vulgar Latin, Vulgate, Wars of Augustus, Water organ, West Asia, Western Roman Empire, Year of the Four Emperors, Zeno (emperor), 14 regions of Augustan Rome.