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Selma to Montgomery marches

Index Selma to Montgomery marches

The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches, held in 1965, along the 54-mile (87 km) highway from Selma, Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery. [1]

204 relations: Abraham Joshua Heschel, Academy Award for Best Picture, Academy Awards, Activism, African Americans, Alabama Highway Patrol, Alabama National Guard, Alabama State Capitol, Alabama State University, Albany Movement, Albert J. Lingo, Albert Turner (civil rights activist), Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award, Amelia Boynton Robinson, American Broadcasting Company, American Civil War, American Nazi Party, Andrew Aydin, Andrew Young, Annie Lee Cooper, Archbishop Iakovos of America, Associated Press, Ava DuVernay, Baton (law enforcement), Battle of Appomattox Court House, BBC News, Bearing the Cross, Bernard Lafayette, Big tent, Black Belt (region of Alabama), Black nationalism, Black Power, Bloody Tuesday (1964), Bob Mants, Boston, Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church (Selma, Alabama), By any means necessary, C. T. Vivian, Citizens' Councils, City of St. Jude, Civil disobedience, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Civil rights movement, Cleveland Sellers, COINTELPRO, Colia Clark, Common (rapper), Communist party, Community organizing, Congress of Racial Equality, ..., Congressional Gold Medal, Coretta Scott King, Court order, Dallas County Voters League, Dallas County, Alabama, Daniel Holcombe Thomas, David Garrow, David Oyelowo, Deep South, Demonstration (protest), Diane Nash, Dick Gregory, Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era, Edmund Pettus Bridge, Emmy Award, Erie, Pennsylvania, Extreme poverty, Eyes on the Prize, Fay Bellamy Powell, Federal Bureau of Investigation, First Amendment to the United States Constitution, Frank Minis Johnson, Frankie Laine, Fred Shuttlesworth, Frederick D. Reese, George Lincoln Rockwell, George Wallace, Glory (Common and John Legend song), Graphic novel, Grassroots democracy, Great Society, Greene County, Alabama, H. Rap Brown, Hale County, Alabama, Harry Belafonte, Henri Nouwen, Hosea Williams, House Negro, How Long, Not Long, Infection, Internet Archive, J. L. Chestnut, James Baldwin, James Bevel, James Bonard Fowler, James Forman, James Hare (judge), James Karales, James Orange, James Reeb, Jefferson Davis Highway, Jet (magazine), Jim Clark (sheriff), Jim Crow laws, Joan Baez, John Lewis (civil rights leader), Joint session of the United States Congress, Jonathan Daniels, Joseph A. Califano Jr., Joseph Ellwanger, Joseph Smitherman, Julian Bond, Ku Klux Klan, Laurie Pritchett, LeRoy Collins, List of African Methodist Episcopal churches, List of Governors of Alabama, Literacy test, Lowndes County, Alabama, Lyndon B. Johnson, Malcolm X, March (comics), Marengo County, Alabama, Marie Foster, Marion, Alabama, Martin Luther King Jr., Maurice Davis, Middlebury College, Miller Center of Public Affairs, Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, Montgomery Advertiser, Montgomery, Alabama, Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Nate Powell, National Historic Trail, National Park Service, National States' Rights Party, National Voting Rights Museum, New York Daily News, Nicholas Katzenbach, Nina Simone, Nonviolence, Nun, Oberlin College, Organization of Afro-American Unity, Padayatra, Paul Moore Jr., PBS, Peabody Award, Perry County, Alabama, Peter, Paul and Mary, Poll taxes in the United States, Posse comitatus, Prathia Hall, President of the United States, Ralph Abernathy, Ralph Bunche, Ramsey Clark, Restraining order, Richie Jean Jackson, Right to petition, Robert W. Spike, Sammy Davis Jr., Sammy Younge Jr., SCOPE Project, Selma (film), Selma, Alabama, Selma, Lord, Selma, Sharecropping, Sit-in, Society of Saint Edmund, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Southern United States, Spider Martin, Stanford University, State police, States' rights, Stokely Carmichael, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Suffrage Hikes, Tear gas, The Anniston Star, The Chad Mitchell Trio, The New York Times, The Walt Disney Company, The Washington Post, Tim Roth, Tom Wilkinson, Tony Bennett, Top Shelf Productions, Tuskegee University, U.S. Route 80, United States Capitol, United States Commission on Civil Rights, United States Constitution, Viola Liuzzo, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Wide Area Telephone Service, Wilcox County, Alabama, William Louis Dickinson, 16th Street Baptist Church bombing, 1964 Democratic National Convention, 89th United States Congress. Expand index (154 more) »

Abraham Joshua Heschel

Abraham Joshua Heschel (January 11, 1907 – December 23, 1972) was a Polish-born American rabbi and one of the leading Jewish theologians and Jewish philosophers of the 20th century.

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Academy Award for Best Picture

The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards presented annually since the awards debuted in 1929, by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).

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Academy Awards

The Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, are a set of 24 awards for artistic and technical merit in the American film industry, given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership.

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Activism

Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental reform or stasis with the desire to make improvements in society.

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African Americans

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.

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Alabama Highway Patrol

The Alabama Law Enforcement Agency is the de facto state police organization for the U.S. state of Alabama, and which has full jurisdiction anywhere in the State.

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Alabama National Guard

The Alabama National Guard is the National Guard of the U.S State of Alabama, and consists of the Alabama Army National Guard and the Alabama Air National Guard.

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Alabama State Capitol

The Alabama State Capitol, listed on the National Register of Historic Places as the First Confederate Capitol, is the state capitol building for Alabama.

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Alabama State University

Alabama State University (ASU), founded in 1867, is a public historically black university located in Montgomery, Alabama, United States.

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Albany Movement

The Albany Movement was a desegregation and voter's rights coalition formed in Albany, Georgia, in November of 1961.

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Albert J. Lingo

Colonel Albert J. Lingo, also known as Al Lingo (January 22, 1910 - August 19, 1969) was a career Alabama Highway Patrolman who served as Director of the Alabama Department of Public Safety from 1963 to 1965, including the turbulent early 1960s years marked by marches and demonstrations that characterized the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. South.

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Albert Turner (civil rights activist)

Albert Turner (February 29, 1936 – April 13, 2000) was an American civil rights activist and an advisor to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He was Alabama field secretary for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference and helped lead the voting rights march from Selma to Montgomery; he was beaten on Bloody Sunday.

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Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award

The Alfred I. duPont–Columbia University Award honors excellence in broadcast and digital journalism in the public service.

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Amelia Boynton Robinson

Amelia Isadora Platts Boynton Robinson (August 18, 1911 – August 26, 2015) was an American activist who was a leader of the American Civil Rights Movement in Selma, Alabama and a key figure in the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches.

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American Broadcasting Company

The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of Disney–ABC Television Group, a subsidiary of the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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American Nazi Party

The American Nazi Party (ANP) is a far-right American political party founded by George Lincoln Rockwell with its headquarters in Arlington, Virginia.

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Andrew Aydin

Andrew Aydin (born August 25, 1983) is an American politician and award-winning comics writer, known as the Digital Director & Policy Advisor to Georgia congressman John Lewis, and co-author, with Lewis, of Lewis' #1 New York Times bestselling autobiographical graphic novel trilogy March—with Representative John Lewis, which debuted in 2013 by Top Shelf Productions.

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Andrew Young

Andrew Jackson Young Jr. (born March 13, 1932) is an American politician, diplomat, and activist.

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Annie Lee Cooper

Annie Lee Wilkerson Cooper (June 2, 1910 – November 24, 2010) was an African-American civil rights activist in the 1965 Selma Voting Rights Movement who is best known for punching Dallas County, Alabama Sheriff Jim Clark.

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Archbishop Iakovos of America

Archbishop Iakovos or Jacob (Ιάκωβος; born Demetrios Koukouzis (Δημήτριος Κουκούζης); July 29, 1911 – April 10, 2005) was the Primate of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of North and South America (now the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America) from 1959 until his resignation in 1996.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Ava DuVernay

Ava Marie DuVernay (born August 24, 1972) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, film marketer, and film distributor.

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Baton (law enforcement)

A baton or truncheon is a roughly cylindrical club made of wood, rubber, plastic or metal.

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Battle of Appomattox Court House

The Battle of Appomattox Court House (Virginia, U.S.), fought on the morning of April 9, 1865, was one of the last battles of the American Civil War (1861–1865).

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Bearing the Cross

Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference is a 1986 book by David J. Garrow about Martin Luther King Jr., the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the American Civil Rights Movement.

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Bernard Lafayette

Bernard Lafayette (or LaFayette), Jr. (born July 29, 1940) is a longtime civil rights activist and organizer, who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement.

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Big tent

In politics, a big tent or catch-all party is a type of political party that seeks to attract voters from different points of view and ideologies.

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Black Belt (region of Alabama)

The Black Belt is a region of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Black nationalism

Black nationalism is a type of nationalism which espouses the belief that black people are a nation and seeks to develop and maintain a black identity.

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Black Power

Black Power is a political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies aimed at achieving self-determination for people of African descent.

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Bloody Tuesday (1964)

Bloody Tuesday was a march that occurred on June 9, 1964 in Tuscaloosa, Alabama during the Civil Rights Movement.

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Bob Mants

Robert C. "Bob" Mants, Jr. (April 25, 1943 – December 7, 2011) was an American civil rights activist, serving as a field secretary for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC).

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Boston

Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church (Selma, Alabama)

Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church is a church in Selma, Alabama, United States.

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By any means necessary

By any means necessary is a translation of a phrase used by French intellectual Jean-Paul Sartre in his play Dirty Hands.

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C. T. Vivian

Cordy Tindell Vivian, usually known as C. T. Vivian (born July 30, 1924), is a minister, author, and was a close friend and lieutenant of Martin Luther King Jr. during the Civil Rights Movement.

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Citizens' Councils

The Citizens' Councils (also referred to as White Citizens' Councils) were an associated network of white supremacist, extreme right, organizations in the United States, concentrated in the South.

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City of St. Jude

The City of St.

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Civil disobedience

Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government or occupying international power.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Civil rights movement

The civil rights movement (also known as the African-American civil rights movement, American civil rights movement and other terms) was a decades-long movement with the goal of securing legal rights for African Americans that other Americans already held.

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Cleveland Sellers

Cleveland Sellers, Jr. (born November 8, 1944) is an American educator and veteran civil rights activist.

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COINTELPRO

COINTELPRO (Portmanteau derived from '''CO'''unter '''INTEL'''ligence PROgram) (1956-1971) was a series of covert, and at times illegal, projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at surveilling, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic political organizations.

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Colia Clark

Colia L. Liddell Lafayette Clark (born 1940) is an African-American activist and politician.

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Common (rapper)

Lonnie Rashid Lynn Jr. (born March 13, 1972), better known by his stage name Common (formerly Common Sense), is an American rapper, actor, poet, and film producer.

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Communist party

A communist party is a political party that advocates the application of the social and economic principles of communism through state policy.

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Community organizing

Community organizing is a process where people who live in proximity to each other come together into an organization that acts in their shared self-interest.

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Congress of Racial Equality

The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement.

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Congressional Gold Medal

A Congressional Gold Medal is an award bestowed by the United States Congress; the Congressional Gold Medal and the Presidential Medal of Freedom are the highest civilian awards in the United States.

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Coretta Scott King

Coretta Scott King (April 27, 1927January 30, 2006) was an American author, activist, civil rights leader, and the wife of Martin Luther King, Jr.

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Court order

A court order is an official proclamation by a judge (or panel of judges) that defines the legal relationships between the parties to a hearing, a trial, an appeal or other court proceedings.

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Dallas County Voters League

The Dallas County Voters League (DCVL) was a local organization in Dallas County, Alabama, which contains the city of Selma, that sought to register black voters during the late 1950s and early 1960s.

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Dallas County, Alabama

Dallas County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Daniel Holcombe Thomas

Daniel Holcombe Thomas (August 25, 1906 – April 13, 2000) was a United States federal judge.

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David Garrow

David J. Garrow (born May 11, 1953 in New Bedford, Massachusetts) is an American historian and author of the book ''Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference'' (1986), which won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for Biography.

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David Oyelowo

David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo, (born 1 April 1976) is an English actor and producer.

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Deep South

The Deep South is a cultural and geographic subregion in the Southern United States.

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Demonstration (protest)

A demonstration or street protest is action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause; it normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, to hear speakers.

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Diane Nash

Diane Judith Nash (born May 15, 1938) is an American civil rights activist, and a leader and strategist of the student wing of the Civil Rights Movement.

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Dick Gregory

Richard Claxton Gregory (October 12, 1932 – August 19, 2017) was an African-American comedian, civil rights activist, social critic, writer, entrepreneur, conspiracy theorist,, NPR, July 12, 2005.

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Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era

Disenfranchisement after the Reconstruction Era in the United States of America was based on a series of laws, new constitutions, and practices in the South that were deliberately used to prevent black citizens from registering to vote and voting.

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Edmund Pettus Bridge

The Edmund Pettus Bridge carries U.S. Route 80 Business (US 80 Bus.) across the Alabama River in Selma, Alabama.

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Emmy Award

An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, is an American award that recognizes excellence in the television industry, and is the equivalent of an Academy Award (for film), the Tony Award (for theater), and the Grammy Award (for music).

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Erie, Pennsylvania

Erie is a city in and the county seat of Erie County, Pennsylvania, United States.

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Extreme poverty

Extreme poverty, abject poverty, absolute poverty, destitution, or penury, was originally defined by the United Nations in 1995 as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information.

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Eyes on the Prize

Eyes on the Prize is an American television series and 14-part documentary about the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.

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Fay Bellamy Powell

Fay D. Bellamy Powell (May 1, 1938 – January 5, 2013) was an African-American civil rights activist.

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Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), formerly the Bureau of Investigation (BOI), is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, and its principal federal law enforcement agency.

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First Amendment to the United States Constitution

The First Amendment (Amendment I) to the United States Constitution prevents Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, prohibiting the free exercise of religion, or abridging the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press, the right to peaceably assemble, or to petition for a governmental redress of grievances.

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Frank Minis Johnson

Frank Minis Johnson Jr. (October 30, 1918 – July 23, 1999) was a United States District Judge and United States Circuit Judge serving 1955 to 1999 on the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama, United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.

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Frankie Laine

Frankie Laine (born Francesco Paolo LoVecchio; March 30, 1913 – February 6, 2007) was an Italian American singer, songwriter, and actor whose career spanned 75 years, from his first concerts in 1930 with a marathon dance company to his final performance of "That's My Desire" in 2005.

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Fred Shuttlesworth

Frederick Lee "Fred" Shuttlesworth (born Fred Lee Robinson, March 18, 1922 – October 5, 2011), was a U.S. civil rights activist who led the fight against segregation and other forms of racism as a minister in Birmingham, Alabama.

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Frederick D. Reese

Frederick Douglas Reese, or F. D. Reese (November 28, 1929 – April 5, 2018), was an American civil rights activist, educator and minister from Selma, Alabama.

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George Lincoln Rockwell

George Lincoln Rockwell (March 9, 1918 – August 25, 1967) was an American neo-Nazi and the founder of the American Nazi Party.

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George Wallace

George Corley Wallace Jr. (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998) was an American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987.

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Glory (Common and John Legend song)

"Glory" is a song performed by American rapper Common and American singer John Legend.

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Graphic novel

A graphic novel is a book made up of comics content.

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Grassroots democracy

Grassroots democracy is a tendency towards designing political processes where as much decision-making authority as practical is shifted to the organization's lowest geographic or social level of organization.

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Great Society

The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65.

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Greene County, Alabama

Greene County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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H. Rap Brown

Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin (born Hubert Gerold Brown; October 4, 1943), also known as H. Rap Brown, was the fifth chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee in the 1960s, and during a short lived (six months) alliance between SNCC and the Black Panther Party, he served as their minister of justice.

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Hale County, Alabama

Hale County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Harry Belafonte

Harry Belafonte (born Harold George Bellanfanti Jr.; March 1, 1927) is an American singer, songwriter, actor, and social activist.

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Henri Nouwen

Henri Jozef Machiel Nouwen, (January 24, 1932 – September 21, 1996) was a Dutch Catholic priest, professor, writer and theologian.

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Hosea Williams

Hosea Lorenzo Williams (January 5, 1926 – November 16, 2000), was an American civil rights leader, activist, ordained minister, businessman, philanthropist, scientist, and politician.

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House Negro

House Negro (also house nigger) is a historical term for a house slave of African descent.

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How Long, Not Long

"How Long, Not Long" is the popular name given to the public speech delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. on the steps of the State Capitol in Montgomery, Alabama, after the successful completion of the Selma to Montgomery March on March 25, 1965.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.

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J. L. Chestnut

J.L. Chestnut, Jr. (December 16, 1930 – September 30, 2008) was an author, attorney, and a figure in the Civil Rights Movement.

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James Baldwin

James Arthur "Jimmy" Baldwin (August 2, 1924 – December 1, 1987) was an American novelist and social critic.

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James Bevel

James Luther Bevel (October 19, 1936 – December 19, 2008) was a minister and leader of the Civil Rights Movement in the United States.

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James Bonard Fowler

James Bonard Fowler (September 10, 1933 – July 5, 2015) was an American policeman who was a significant player in escalating the acute racial conflict that led to the Selma to Montgomery marches in the Civil Rights Movement.

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James Forman

James Forman (October 4, 1928 – January 10, 2005) was a prominent African-American leader in the civil rights movement.

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James Hare (judge)

James Albert Hare Jr. (May 17, 1906 – May 20, 1969) was a politician from the U.S. state of Alabama and a veteran of the United States Army during World War II.

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James Karales

James H. Karales (July 15, 1930, Canton, Ohio – April 1, 2002, Croton-on-Hudson, N.Y.) was a photographer and photo-essayist best known for his work with ''Look'' magazine from 1960 to 1971.

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James Orange

James Edward Orange, MLK March website biography.

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James Reeb

James Reeb (January 1, 1927 – March 11, 1965) was an American Unitarian Universalist minister, pastor and activist during the Civil rights movement in Washington, D.C. and Boston, Massachusetts.

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Jefferson Davis Highway

The Jefferson Davis Highway, also known as the Jefferson Davis Memorial Highway, was a planned transcontinental highway in the United States in the 1910s and 1920s that began in Arlington, Virginia, and extended south and west to San Diego, California; it was named for Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, United States senator, and Secretary of War.

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Jet (magazine)

Jet is a magazine, currently in digital format, marketed to African-American readers.

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Jim Clark (sheriff)

James Gardner Clark, Jr. (September 17, 1922 – June 4, 2007), AP via MSNBC, June 6, 2007 was the sheriff of Dallas County, Alabama, from 1955 to 1966.

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Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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Joan Baez

Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941) is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and activist whose contemporary folk music often includes songs of protest or social justice.

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John Lewis (civil rights leader)

John Robert Lewis (born February 21, 1940) is an American politician and is a prominent civil rights leader.

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Joint session of the United States Congress

A joint session of the United States Congress is a gathering of members of the two chambers of the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States: the Senate and the House of Representatives.

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Jonathan Daniels

Jonathan Myrick Daniels (March 20, 1939 – August 20, 1965) was an Episcopal seminarian and civil rights activist.

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Joseph A. Califano Jr.

Joseph Anthony Califano Jr. (born May 15, 1931) is a former United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare and the founder and chairman of The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASAColumbia), an evidence-based research organization.

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Joseph Ellwanger

Pastor Joseph "Joe" W. Ellwanger, Jr. (b. 1934) is a Lutheran pastor, author and civil rights activist.

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Joseph Smitherman

Joseph T. "Joe" Smitherman (December 23, 1929 – September 11, 2005) was an American politician who served more than 35 years as mayor of Selma, Alabama.

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Julian Bond

Horace Julian Bond (January 14, 1940 – August 15, 2015) was an American social activist and leader in the Civil Rights Movement, politician, professor and writer.

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Ku Klux Klan

The Ku Klux Klan, commonly called the KKK or simply the Klan, refers to three distinct secret movements at different points in time in the history of the United States.

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Laurie Pritchett

Laurie Pritchett (December 9, 1926 – November 13, 2000) is best known for his actions in 1961 and 1962 as the Chief of Police in Albany, Georgia in suppressing the city's civil rights demonstrations by the Albany Movement.

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LeRoy Collins

Thomas LeRoy Collins (March 10, 1909 – March 12, 1991) was an American attorney and politician, the 33rd Governor of Florida, serving a special term in 1955, and being elected to a four-year term in 1956, serving through 1961.

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List of African Methodist Episcopal churches

This is a list of African Methodist Episcopal Churches, covering local churches of the African Methodist Episcopal Church and also local churches of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, which is related.

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List of Governors of Alabama

The Governor of Alabama is the chief executive of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Literacy test

A literacy test assesses a person's literacy skills: their ability to read and write.

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Lowndes County, Alabama

Lowndes County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Lyndon B. Johnson

Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.

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Malcolm X

Malcolm X (19251965) was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist.

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March (comics)

The March trilogy is a black and white graphic novel trilogy about the Civil Rights Movement, told through the perspective of civil rights leader and U.S. Congressman John Lewis.

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Marengo County, Alabama

Marengo County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Marie Foster

Marie Foster (October 24, 1917 – September 6, 2003) was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. during the 1960s.

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Marion, Alabama

Marion is a city in, and the county seat of, Perry County, Alabama, United States.

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Martin Luther King Jr.

Martin Luther King Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the civil rights movement from 1954 until his death in 1968.

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Maurice Davis

Maurice Davis (December 15, 1921 – December 14, 1993) was a rabbi, and activist.

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Middlebury College

Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college located in Middlebury, Vermont, United States.

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Miller Center of Public Affairs

The Miller Center is a nonpartisan affiliate of the University of Virginia that specializes in United States presidential scholarship, public policy, and political history and strives to apply the lessons of history to the nation’s most pressing contemporary governance challenges.

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Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), also referred to as the Freedom Democratic Party, was an American political party created in 1964 as a branch of the populist Freedom Democratic organization in the state of Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement.

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Montgomery Advertiser

The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily newspaper and news website located in Montgomery, Alabama.

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Montgomery, Alabama

Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County.

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Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson

Jimmie Lee Jackson (December 16, 1938 – February 26, 1965) was an African American civil rights activist in Marion, Alabama and a deacon in the Baptist church.

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NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund

The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. (NAACP LDF, the Inc. Fund, or LDF) is a leading United States civil rights organization and law firm based in New York City.

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Nate Powell

Nate Powell (born 1978 in Little Rock, Arkansas) is an American graphic novelist and musician.

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National Historic Trail

National Historic Trail is an officially recognized trail with national historic significance in the United States.

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National Park Service

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.

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National States' Rights Party

The National States' Rights Party was a far right, white supremacist party that briefly played a minor role in the politics of the United States.

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National Voting Rights Museum

The National Voting Rights Museum and Institute, established in 1991 and opened in 1993, is an American museum in Selma, Alabama which honors, chronicles, collects, archives, and displays the artifacts and testimony of the activists who participated in the events leading up to and including the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches, and passage of the 1965 Voting Rights Act, as well as those who worked for the African-American Voting Rights and Women's Suffrage movements.

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New York Daily News

The New York Daily News, officially titled Daily News, is an American newspaper based in New York City.

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Nicholas Katzenbach

Nicholas deBelleville "Nick" Katzenbach (January 17, 1922 – May 8, 2012) was an American lawyer who served as United States Attorney General during the Lyndon B. Johnson administration.

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Nina Simone

Nina Simone (born Eunice Kathleen Waymon; February 21, 1933 – April 21, 2003) was an American singer, songwriter, pianist, arranger, and activist in the Civil Rights Movement.

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Nonviolence

Nonviolence is the personal practice of being harmless to self and others under every condition.

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Nun

A nun is a member of a religious community of women, typically living under vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience in the enclosure of a monastery.

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Oberlin College

Oberlin College is a private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio.

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Organization of Afro-American Unity

The Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU) was a Pan-Africanist organization founded by Malcolm X in 1964.

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Padayatra

Padayatra (Sanskrit, lit. journey by foot) is a journey undertaken by a politicians or prominent citizens to interact more closely with different parts of society, educate about issues concerning them, and galvanize his or her supporters.

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Paul Moore Jr.

Paul Moore Jr. (November 15, 1919 – May 1, 2003) was a bishop of the Episcopal Church and former United States Marine Corps officer.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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Peabody Award

The George Foster Peabody Awards (or simply Peabody Awards) program, named for American businessman and philanthropist George Peabody, honor the most powerful, enlightening, and invigorating stories in television, radio, and online media.

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Perry County, Alabama

Perry County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Peter, Paul and Mary

Peter, Paul and Mary was an American folk group formed in New York City in 1961, during the American folk music revival phenomenon.

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Poll taxes in the United States

A poll tax is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual.

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Posse comitatus

Posse comitatus is the common-law or statute law authority of a county sheriff, or other law officer, to conscript any able-bodied man to assist him in keeping the peace or to pursue and arrest a felon, similar to the concept of the "hue and cry." Originally found in English common law, it is generally obsolete; however, it survives in the United States, where it is the law enforcement equivalent of summoning the militia for military purposes.

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Prathia Hall

Prathia Hall (January 1, 1940 – August 12, 2002) was a leader and activist in the Civil Rights Movement, a womanist theologian, and ethicist.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Ralph Abernathy

Ralph David Abernathy Sr. (March 11, 1926 – April 17, 1990) was an American civil rights activist and Christian minister.

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Ralph Bunche

Ralph Johnson Bunche (August 7, 1904 December 9, 1971) was an American political scientist, academic, and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Israel.

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Ramsey Clark

William Ramsey Clark (born December 18, 1927) is an American lawyer, activist and former federal government official.

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Restraining order

A restraining order or protective order is an order used by a court to protect a person, business, company, establishment, or entity, and the general public, in a situation involving alleged domestic violence, harassment, stalking, or sexual assault.

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Richie Jean Jackson

Richie Jean Jackson, also known as Jean Jackson and Richie Jean Sherrod Jackson (August 30, 1932– November 10, 2013), was an American author, teacher, and civil rights activist.

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Right to petition

The right to petition government for redress of grievances is the right to make a complaint to, or seek the assistance of, one's government, without fear of punishment or reprisals.

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Robert W. Spike

Robert Warren Spike (November 13, 1923 – October 17, 1966) was an American clergyman, theologian, and civil rights leader.

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Sammy Davis Jr.

Samuel George Davis Jr. (December 8, 1925 – May 16, 1990) was an American singer, musician, dancer, actor and comedian.

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Sammy Younge Jr.

Samuel Leamon Younge Jr. (November 17, 1944 – January 3, 1966) was a civil rights and voting rights activist who was murdered for trying to desegregate a "whites only" restroom.

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SCOPE Project

The Summer Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE) Project of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was a voter registration civil rights initiative conducted from 1965-66 in 120 counties in six southern states.

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Selma (film)

Selma is a 2014 historical drama film directed by Ava DuVernay and written by Paul Webb.

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Selma, Alabama

Selma is a city in and the county seat of Dallas County, in the Black Belt region of south central Alabama and extending to the west.

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Selma, Lord, Selma

Selma, Lord, Selma is a 1999 American film based on true events that happened in March 1965, known as Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama.

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Sharecropping

Sharecropping is a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land.

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Sit-in

A sit-in or sit-down is a form of direct action that involves one or more people occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change.

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Society of Saint Edmund

The Society of Saint Edmund is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church founded in 1843, in Pontigny, France, by Rev.

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Southern Christian Leadership Conference

The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African-American civil rights organization.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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Spider Martin

James "Spider" Martin (April 1, 1939 – April 8, 2003) was an American photographer known for his work documenting the American Civil Rights Movement in 1965, specifically Bloody Sunday and other incidents from the Selma to Montgomery marches.

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Stanford University

Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University, colloquially the Farm) is a private research university in Stanford, California.

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State police

State police or provincial police are a type of sub-national territorial police force, found particularly in North America, South Asia, and Oceania.

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States' rights

In American political discourse, states' rights are political powers held for the state governments rather than the federal government according to the United States Constitution, reflecting especially the enumerated powers of Congress and the Tenth Amendment.

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Stokely Carmichael

Kwame Ture (born Stokely Carmichael, June 29, 1941November 15, 1998) was a Trinidadian-born prominent organizer in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States and the global Pan-African movement.

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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, often pronounced) was one of the major Civil Rights Movement organizations of the 1960s.

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Suffrage Hikes

The Suffrage Hikes of 1912 to 1914 brought attention to the issue of women's suffrage.

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Tear gas

Tear gas, formally known as a lachrymator agent or lachrymator (from the Latin lacrima, meaning "tear"), sometimes colloquially known as mace,"Mace" is a brand name for a tear gas spray is a chemical weapon that causes severe eye and respiratory pain, skin irritation, bleeding, and even blindness.

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The Anniston Star

The Anniston Star is the daily newspaper serving Anniston, Alabama, and the surrounding six-county region.

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The Chad Mitchell Trio

The Chad Mitchell Trio – later known as The Mitchell Trio – were a North American vocal group who became known during the 1960s.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Walt Disney Company

The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Tim Roth

Simon Timothy Roth (born 14 May 1961) is an English actor and director.

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Tom Wilkinson

Thomas Geoffrey Wilkinson, OBE (born 5 February 1948)Born January–March 1948, according to the Births, Marriages & Deaths Index of England & Wales, 1916–2005.; at ancestry.com is an English actor.

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Tony Bennett

Anthony Dominick Benedetto (born August 3, 1926), known professionally as Tony Bennett, is an American singer of traditional pop standards, big band, show tunes, and jazz.

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Top Shelf Productions

Top Shelf Productions is an American publishing company founded in 1997, originally owned and operated by Chris Staros and Brett Warnock and a small staff.

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Tuskegee University

Tuskegee University is a private, historically black university (HBCU) located in Tuskegee, Alabama, United States.

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U.S. Route 80

U.S. Route 80 (US 80) is an east–west United States Numbered Highway, much of which was once part of the early auto trail known as the Dixie Overland Highway.

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United States Capitol

The United States Capitol, often called the Capitol Building, is the home of the United States Congress, and the seat of the legislative branch of the U.S. federal government.

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United States Commission on Civil Rights

The U.S. Commission on Civil Rights is a bipartisan, independent commission of the United States federal government, created in 1957, that is charged with the responsibility for investigating, reporting on, and making recommendations concerning civil rights issues in the United States.

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United States Constitution

The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States.

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Viola Liuzzo

Viola Fauver Gregg Liuzzo (April 11, 1925 – March 25, 1965) was a Unitarian Universalist civil rights activist from Michigan.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

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Wide Area Telephone Service

Wide Area Telephone Service (WATS) was a flat-rate long distance service offering for customer dial-type telecommunications in some of the countries that adhere to the North American Numbering Plan.

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Wilcox County, Alabama

Wilcox County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama.

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William Louis Dickinson

William Louis "Bill" Dickinson (June 5, 1925 – March 31, 2008), was a Republican Representative from Alabama's 2nd congressional district from 1965 to 1993.

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16th Street Baptist Church bombing

The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was an act of white supremacist terrorism which occurred at the African American 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, on Sunday, September 15, 1963, when four members of the Ku Klux Klan planted at least 15 sticks of dynamite attached to a timing device beneath the steps located on the east side of the church.

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1964 Democratic National Convention

The 1964 Democratic National Convention of the Democratic Party, took place at Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey from August 24 to 27, 1964.

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89th United States Congress

The Eighty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives.

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Redirects here:

Bloody Sunday (1965), Bloody Sunday (Selma), Bloody sunday (1965), Bloody sunday (selma), March on Selma, Selma March, Selma Movement, Selma To Montgomery National Historic Trail, Selma Voting Rights Movement, Selma Voting Rights movement, Selma march, Selma to Montgomery March, Selma to Montgomery March Byway, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Trail, Selma to Montgomery Trail, Selma to Montgomery march, Selma to montgomery marches, Selma voting rights movement, Selma-to-Montgomery, Selma-to-Montgomery March, The Selma March, The Selma Marches.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selma_to_Montgomery_marches

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