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Sialkot

Index Sialkot

Sialkot (سيالكوٹ and سيالكوٹ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan. [1]

176 relations: Adidas, Administrative units of Pakistan, Afghanistan, Afsharid dynasty, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Akbar, Alexander the Great, Ali Mardan Khan, All-India Muslim League, Amritsar, Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Arabian Peninsula, Arrian, Atlanta Agreement, Aurangzeb, Baba Mohammad Yahya Khan, Babur, Bahlul Lodi, Bahrain, Battle of Chawinda, Battle of Gujrat, Bhangi Misl, Bolingbrook, Illinois, Central Asia, Chaudhry Amir Hussain, Chenab River, City, Country, Daska, Delhi, Delhi Sultanate, Districts of Pakistan, Dual carriageway, Durrani Empire, East India Company, European Union, Euthydemia, Euthydemus I, Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Firdous Ashiq Awan, Forward Sports, Genghis Khan, Geography (Ptolemy), Germany, Ghaznavids, Ghazni, Ghulam Ali (singer), Ghurid dynasty, Gross domestic product, Gujranwala, ..., Gujrat City, Gulzarilal Nanda, Gurdwara Beri Sahib, Gurjar, Guru Nanak, Hephthalite Empire, Hilal-i-istaqlal, Hindu, Hindu Shahi, Humid subtropical climate, Ibrahim Lodi, Ijaz Ahmed (cricketer, born 1968), Illinois, Iltutmish, Imam Ali-ul-Haq, Indian Rebellion of 1857, Indo-Greek Kingdom, Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Internet Archive, Jagir, Jahangir, Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu, Jammu, Jat people, Kakazai, Karachi, Kashmir, Kashmiris, Kayseri, Köppen climate classification, Khawaja Muhammad Asif, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar, Khokhar, Khusrau Malik, Khwarazmian dynasty, Kuldip Nayar, Kurukshetra War, Lahore, Lederhosen, Li (unit), List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by area, List of dialling codes in Pakistan, List of educational institutions in Sialkot, List of postal codes in Pakistan, List of twin towns and sister cities in Pakistan, Ludhiana, Madra, Mahabharata, Mamluk dynasty (Delhi), Man Singh I, Menander I, Mihirakula, Milinda Panha, Muhammad Iqbal, Muhammad of Ghor, Multan, N-5 National Highway, Nader Shah, Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Nike, Inc., North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010), Oman, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan Movement, Pakistan Railways, Pakistan Standard Time, Pargana, Partition of India, Presidencies and provinces of British India, Ptolemy, Puma (brand), Punjab, Punjab, Pakistan, Qatar, Rajendra Kumar, Rajput, Ranjit Singh, Ravi River, Rawalpindi, Rechna Doab, Reebok, Sagala, Sambrial, Saudi Arabia, Shah Jahan, Shalya, Shirani (Pashtun tribe), Shoaib Malik, Sialkot Cantonment, Sialkot District, Sialkot Dry Port, Sialkot Fort, Sialkot International Airport, Sialkot Junction railway station, Sialkot Stallions, Sialkot Tehsil, Sialkot-Lahore Motorway, Sikh Empire, Sikhism, Silk, South Asia, Sufism, Sukerchakia Misl, Taj al-Din Yildiz, Taxila, Tehsil, The Anabasis of Alexander, The Economist, Toramana, Uch, Umera Ahmad, Union councils of Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, United States, Waheed Murad, Wazirabad, Wazirabad–Narowal Branch Line, West Pakistan, World War II, Xuanzang, Yousuf Shah Chak, Zaheer Abbas, Zakariya Khan Bahadur, 2014 FIFA World Cup, 2017 Census of Pakistan. Expand index (126 more) »

Adidas

Adidas AG (stylized as ɑdidɑs since 1949) is a multinational corporation, founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Germany, that designs and manufactures shoes, clothing and accessories.

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Administrative units of Pakistan

The administrative units of Pakistan (انتظامی اکائیاں) consist of five provinces (Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and Sindh), one autonomous territory (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) and one federal territory (Islamabad Capital Territory).

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Afsharid dynasty

The Afsharid dynasty (افشاریان) were members of an Iranian dynasty that originated from the Turkic Afshar tribe in Iran's north-eastern province of Khorasan, ruling Persia in the mid-eighteenth century.

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Ahmad Shah Durrani

Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c. 1722 – 16 October 1772) (Pashto: احمد شاه دراني), also known as Ahmad Khān Abdālī (احمد خان ابدالي), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan.

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Akbar

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

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Ali Mardan Khan

Ali Mardan Khan (علی مردان خان, علی مردان خان) (died April 1657) was a Kurdish military leader and administrator, serving under the Safavid kings Shah Abbas I and Shah Safi, and later the Mughal ruler Shah Jahan.

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All-India Muslim League

The All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire.

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Amritsar

Amritsar, historically also known as Rāmdāspur and colloquially as Ambarsar, is a city in north-western India which is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district - located in the Majha region of the Indian state of Punjab.

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Arab states of the Persian Gulf

The Arab states of the Persian Gulf are the seven Arab states which border the Persian Gulf, namely Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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Arabian Peninsula

The Arabian Peninsula, simplified Arabia (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, ‘Arabian island’ or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب, ‘Island of the Arabs’), is a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate.

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Arrian

Arrian of Nicomedia (Greek: Ἀρριανός Arrianos; Lucius Flavius Arrianus) was a Greek historian, public servant, military commander and philosopher of the Roman period.

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Atlanta Agreement

The Atlanta Agreement is an agreement which was formed between the International Labour Organization, the Sialkot Chamber of Commerce and Industry and UNICEF on February 14, 1997.

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Aurangzeb

Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad (محي الدين محمد) (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the sobriquet Aurangzeb (اَورنگزیب), (اورنگ‌زیب "Ornament of the Throne") or by his regnal title Alamgir (عالمگِیر), (عالمگير "Conqueror of the World"), was the sixth, and widely considered the last effective Mughal emperor.

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Baba Mohammad Yahya Khan

Baba Mohammad Yahya Khan is a Sufi.

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Babur

Babur (بابر|lit.

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Bahlul Lodi

Bahlul Khan Lodi (died 12 July 1489) was the chief of the Pashtun Lodi tribe and founder of Lodi dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate upon the abdication of the last claimant from the previous Sayyid rule.

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Bahrain

Bahrain (البحرين), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (مملكة البحرين), is an Arab constitutional monarchy in the Persian Gulf.

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Battle of Chawinda

The Battle of Chawinda was a part of the Sialkot Campaign in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.

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Battle of Gujrat

The Battle of Gujrat was a decisive battle in the Second Anglo-Sikh War, fought on 21 February 1849, between the forces of the East India Company, and a Sikh army in rebellion against the Company's control of the Sikh Empire, represented by the child Maharaja Duleep Singh who was in British custody in Lahore.

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Bhangi Misl

The Bhangi Misl (ਭੰਗੀ ਮਿਸਲ (Gurmukhi), بھنگی مثل (Shahmukhi)) was a large Dhillion Jat Sikh Misl headquartered in a village near Amritsar.

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Bolingbrook, Illinois

The village of Bolingbrook is a southwest suburb of Chicago that is partially in both Will and DuPage counties in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Central Asia

Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.

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Chaudhry Amir Hussain

Chaudhry Amir Hussain is a Pakistani politician.

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Chenab River

The Chenab River (चेनाब; ਚਨਾਬ,; چناب) is a major river that flows in India and Pakistan, and is one of the 5 major rivers of the Punjab region.

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City

A city is a large human settlement.

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Country

A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography.

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Daska

Daska (ڈسکہ), is a town with a population of around 501,000 in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Delhi

Delhi (Dilli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.

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Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate (Persian:دهلی سلطان, Urdu) was a Muslim sultanate based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).

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Districts of Pakistan

The Districts of Pakistan (اِضلاعِ پاكِستان), are the third-order administrative divisions of Pakistan, below provinces and divisions, but form the first-tier of local government.

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Dual carriageway

A dual carriageway (British English) or divided highway (American English) is a class of highway with carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation.

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Durrani Empire

The Durrani Empire (د درانیانو واکمني), also called the Afghan Empire (د افغانانو واکمني), was founded and built by Ahmad Shah Durrani.

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East India Company

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.

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European Union

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.

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Euthydemia

Euthydemia or Euthymedeia was the ancient city of Sagala belonging to the Bactrian Dynasty, now located in modern-day Sialkot, Pakistan.

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Euthydemus I

Euthydemus I (Greek: Εὐθύδημος Α΄; c. 260 BC – 200/195 BC) was a Greco-Bactrian king in about 230 or 223 BC according to Polybius; he is thought to have originally been a satrap of Sogdiana who overturned the dynasty of Diodotus of Bactria and became a Greco-Bactrian king.

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Faiz Ahmad Faiz

Faiz Ahmad Faiz MBE, NI (فَیض احمد فَیض), (born 13 February 1911 – 20 November 1984) was a Pakistani leftist poet and author, and one of the most celebrated writers of the Urdu language.

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Firdous Ashiq Awan

Firdous Ashiq Awan (Punjabi, فردوس عاشق اعوان, born 11 January 1970) is a Pakistani physician and politician who is Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf candidate for the seat of National Assembly from constituency NA-72 Sialkot-I in the upcoming general elections. She has served as a Minister of Information and Broadcasting between 2011 and 2013, and the MP from Sialkot from 2002 till 2013.

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Forward Sports

Forward Sports is a Pakistani company that manufactures sports equipment, primarily soccer balls.

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Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan or Temüjin Borjigin (Чингис хаан, Çingis hán) (also transliterated as Chinggis Khaan; born Temüjin, c. 1162 August 18, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.

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Geography (Ptolemy)

The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις, Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Ghaznavids

The Ghaznavid dynasty (غزنویان ġaznaviyān) was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin, at their greatest extent ruling large parts of Iran, Afghanistan, much of Transoxiana and the northwest Indian subcontinent from 977 to 1186.

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Ghazni

Ghazni (Pashto/Persian) or Ghaznai, also historically known as Ghaznin or Ghazna, is a city in Afghanistan with a population of nearly 150,000 people.

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Ghulam Ali (singer)

Ustad Ghulam Ali (غُلام علی), (born 5 December 1940) is a Pakistani ghazal and playback singer of the Patiala Gharana.

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Ghurid dynasty

The Ghurids or Ghorids (سلسله غوریان; self-designation: شنسبانی, Shansabānī) were a dynasty of Eastern Iranian descent from the Ghor region of present-day central Afghanistan, presumably Tajik, but the exact ethnic origin is uncertain, and it has been argued that they were Pashtun.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Gujranwala

Gujranwala (Punjabi, گوجرانوالا) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, that is located north of the nearby provincial capital of Lahore.

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Gujrat City

Gujrat (Punjabi, گُجرات), is a city in Punjab Province of Pakistan.

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Gulzarilal Nanda

Gulzarilal Nanda (4 July 1898 – 15 January 1998) was an Indian politician and economist who specialized in labour issues.

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Gurdwara Beri Sahib

Gurdawara Bair Sahib also called as Baba Beri or Baba Bair is situated in Sialkot, Pakistan.

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Gurjar

Gurjar or Gujjar are a pastoral agricultural ethnic group with populations in India, Nepal, Pakistan, and a small number in northeastern Afghanistan.

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Guru Nanak

Guru Nanak (IAST: Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.

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Hephthalite Empire

The Hephthalites (or Ephthalites) were a people of Central Asia who were militarily important circa 450–560.

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Hilal-i-istaqlal

Hilal-i-Istaqlal is an honour awarded to civilians in Pakistan.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hindu Shahi

The Hindu Shahi held sway over the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from as far back as the fourth century CE.

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Humid subtropical climate

A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild to cool winters.

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Ibrahim Lodi

Ibrahim Lodi became the Sultan of Delhi in 1517 after the death of his father Sikandar Lodi.

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Ijaz Ahmed (cricketer, born 1968)

Ijaz Ahmed (Urdu: اعجاز احمد) (born 20 September 1968 in Sialkot) is a retired Pakistani cricketer who played 60 Tests and 250 One Day Internationals for Pakistan over a period from 1986 to 2001.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Iltutmish

Shams ud-Din Iltutmish was the third ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, belonging to the Mamluk dynasty.

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Imam Ali-ul-Haq

Imam Ali-ul-Haq, better known as Imam Sahib, lived in the 13th century, during the reign of Feroz Shah Tughlaq (of the Tughlaq Dynasty).

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Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India between 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.

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Indo-Greek Kingdom

The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom was an Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of Afghanistan and the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent (parts of modern Pakistan and northwestern India), during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings, often conflicting with one another.

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Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations-mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear. India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. "Satisfied that it had secured a strategic and psychological victory over Pakistan by frustrating its attempt to seize Kashmir by force, when the UN resolution was passed, India accepted its terms... with Pakistan's stocks of ammunition and other essential supplies all but exhausted, and with the military balance tipping steadily in India's favour." "Losses were relatively heavy—on the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistan's army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan." Quote: The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. By the time the United Nations intervened on 22 September, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat. Although the two countries fought to a standoff, the conflict is seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, "... the war itself was a disaster for Pakistan, from the first failed attempts by Pakistani troops to precipitate an insurgency in Kashmir to the appearance of Indian artillery within range of Lahore International Airport." – U.S. Department of State, – Interview with Steve Coll in United States House of Representatives 12 September 1994South Asia in World Politics By Devin T. Hagerty, 2005 Rowman & Littlefield,, p. 26 as it had neither succeeded in fomenting insurrection in Kashmir "... after some initial success, the momentum behind Pakistan's thrust into Kashmir slowed, and the state's inhabitants rejected exhortations from the Pakistani insurgents to join them in taking up arms against their Indian "oppressors." Pakistan's inability to muster support from the local Kashmiri population proved a disaster, both militarily and politically." nor had it been able to gain meaningful support at an international level. "Mao had decided that China would intervene under two conditions—that India attacked East Pakistan, and that Pakistan requested Chinese intervention. In the end, neither of them obtained." Internationally, the war was viewed in the context of the greater Cold War, and resulted in a significant geopolitical shift in the subcontinent. Before the war, the United States and the United Kingdom had been major material allies of both India and Pakistan, as their primary suppliers of military hardware and foreign developmental aid. During and after the conflict, both India and Pakistan felt betrayed by the perceived lack of support by the western powers for their respective positions; those feelings of betrayal were increased with the imposition of an American and British embargo on military aid to the opposing sides. As a consequence, India and Pakistan openly developed closer relationships with the Soviet Union and China, respectively. The perceived negative stance of the western powers during the conflict, and during the 1971 war, has continued to affect relations between the West and the subcontinent. In spite of improved relations with the U.S. and Britain since the end of the Cold War, the conflict generated a deep distrust of both countries within the subcontinent which to an extent lingers to this day."In retrospect, it is clear that the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 represented a watershed in the West's association with the subcontinent.""By extending the Cold War into South Asia, however, the United States did succeed in disturbing the subcontinent's established politico-military equilibrium, undermining British influence in the region, embittering relations between India and Pakistan and, ironically, facilitating the expansion of communist influence in the developing world." "The legacy of the Johnson arms cut-off remains alive today. Indians simply do not believe that America will be there when India needs military help... the legacy of the U.S. "betrayal" still haunts U.S.-Pakistan relations today.".

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.

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Jagir

A jagir (IAST: Jāgīr), also spelled as jageer, was a type of feudal land grant in South Asia at the foundation of its Jagirdar system.

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Jahangir

Mirza Nur-ud-din Beig Mohammad Khan Salim مرزا نور الدین محمد خان سلیم, known by his imperial name (جہانگیر) Jahangir (31 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), was the fourth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627.

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Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu

Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu (Persian: جلال ‌الدین خوارزمشاه; Turkmen: Jelaleddin Meňburun or Jelaleddin Horezmşa; full name: Jalal ad-Dunya wa ad-Din Abul-Muzaffar Manguberdi ibn Muhammad) or Manguberdi (Turkic for "Godgiven"), also known as Jalâl ad-Dîn Khwârazmshâh, was the last ruler of the Khwarezmian Empire.

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Jammu

Jammu is the largest city in the Jammu Division and the winter capital of state of Jammu and Kashmir in India.

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Jat people

The Jat people (also spelled Jatt and Jaat) are a traditionally agricultural community in Northern India and Pakistan.

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Kakazai

The Kakazai (کاکازي / ککےزي / ککازي, Urdu, کاکازَئی / کَکےزَئی / کَکازَئی), - pp ۲۱۲-۲۱۶ (in Pashto) also known as Loi or Loye Mamund (لوی ماموند; لو ئے / لوئی مَاموند), a division of the Mamund clan, are part of the larger Tarkani (ترکاڼي) tribeقوم ککے زئی کی اصلیت، مُصنّف مولانا عبدالمجید، رسالہ افغان ککے زئی علی گڑھ ، بابتِ ماہِ نومبر ۱۹۲۸ء درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس.

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Karachi

Karachi (کراچی; ALA-LC:,; ڪراچي) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh.

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Kashmir

Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Kashmiris

The Kashmiris (کٲشُر لُکھ / कॉशुर लुख) are an ethnic group native to the Kashmir Valley, in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, who speak Kashmiri, an Indo-Aryan Dardic language.

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Kayseri

Kayseri is a large and industrialised city in Central Anatolia, Turkey.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Khawaja Muhammad Asif

Khawaja Muhammad Asif (born 9 August 1949) is a Pakistani politician who served as the Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Abbasi cabinet from August 2017 to April 2018.

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Khawaja Muhammad Safdar

Khawaja Muhammad Safdar was a politician from Pakistan Muslim League.

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Khokhar

The Khokhar are people from the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Khusrau Malik

Abu'l-Muzaffar Khusrau Malik ibn Khusrau-Shah (ابوالمظفر خسروملک بن خسروشاه), better simply known as Khusrau Malik (خسرو ملک; also spelled Khosrow), was the last Sultan of the Ghaznavid Empire, ruling from 1160 to 1186.

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Khwarazmian dynasty

The Khwarazmian dynasty (also known as the Khwarezmid dynasty, the Anushtegin dynasty, the dynasty of Khwarazm Shahs, and other spelling variants; from ("Kings of Khwarezmia") was a PersianateC. E. Bosworth:. In Encyclopaedia Iranica, online ed., 2009: "Little specific is known about the internal functioning of the Khwarazmian state, but its bureaucracy, directed as it was by Persian officials, must have followed the Saljuq model. This is the impression gained from the various Khwarazmian chancery and financial documents preserved in the collections of enšāʾdocuments and epistles from this period. The authors of at least three of these collections—Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ (d. 1182-83 or 1187-88), with his two collections of rasāʾel, and Bahāʾ-al-Din Baḡdādi, compiler of the important Ketāb al-tawaṣṣol elā al-tarassol—were heads of the Khwarazmian chancery. The Khwarazmshahs had viziers as their chief executives, on the traditional pattern, and only as the dynasty approached its end did ʿAlāʾ-al-Din Moḥammad in ca. 615/1218 divide up the office amongst six commissioners (wakildārs; see Kafesoğlu, pp. 5-8, 17; Horst, pp. 10-12, 25, and passim). Nor is much specifically known of court life in Gorgānj under the Khwarazmshahs, but they had, like other rulers of their age, their court eulogists, and as well as being a noted stylist, Rašid-al-Din Vaṭvāṭ also had a considerable reputation as a poet in Persian." Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin. The dynasty ruled large parts of Central Asia and Iran during the High Middle Ages, in the approximate period of 1077 to 1231, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and Qara-Khitan, and later as independent rulers, up until the Mongol invasion of Khwarezmia in the 13th century. The dynasty was founded by commander Anush Tigin Gharchai, a former Turkish slave of the Seljuq sultans, who was appointed as governor of Khwarezm. His son, Qutb ad-Din Muhammad I, became the first hereditary Shah of Khwarezm.Encyclopædia Britannica, "Khwarezm-Shah-Dynasty",.

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Kuldip Nayar

Kuldip Nayar (born 14 August 1923) is a veteran Indian journalist, syndicated columnist, human right activist, author and ex-High commissioner of India to United kingdom noted for his long career as a left-wing political commentator.

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Kurukshetra War

The Kurukshetra War, also called the Mahabharata War, is a war described in the Indian epic Mahabharata.

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Lahore

Lahore (لاہور, لہور) is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Punjab, and is the country’s second-most populous city after Karachi.

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Lederhosen

Lederhosen ("leather breeches"; singular in German usage: Lederhose) are breeches made of leather; they may be either short or knee-length.

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Li (unit)

The li (lǐ, or 市里, shìlǐ), also known as the Chinese mile, is a traditional Chinese unit of distance.

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List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by area

Here is the list of cities in Punjab, Pakistan, by area.

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List of dialling codes in Pakistan

Country code: +92 International call prefix: 00 Trunk prefix: 0.

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List of educational institutions in Sialkot

This is a list of educational institutions located in Sialkot District, Pakistan.

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List of postal codes in Pakistan

Postal Codes were introduced in Pakistan on January 1 1988 to speed sortation and delivery.

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List of twin towns and sister cities in Pakistan

Following is a list of sister cities and twin towns of Pakistani cities.

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Ludhiana

Ludhiana is a city and a municipal corporation in Ludhiana district in the Indian state of Punjab, and India's largest city north of Delhi, with an area of 310sq.

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Madra

Madra is the name of an ancient region and its inhabitants, located in the north-west division of the ancient Indian sub-continent.

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Mahabharata

The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.

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Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)

The Mamluk Dynasty (sometimes referred as Slave Dynasty or Ghulam Dynasty) (سلطنت مملوک), (غلام خاندان) was directed into Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave general from Central Asia.

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Man Singh I

Man Singh (Man Singh I) (21 December 1550 – 6 July 1614) was the Rajput Raja of Amer, a state later known as Jaipur in Rajputana.

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Menander I

Menander I Soter (Μένανδρος Α΄ ὁ Σωτήρ, Ménandros A' ho Sōtḗr, "Menander I the Saviour"; known in Indian Pali sources as Milinda) was an Indo-Greek King of the Indo-Greek Kingdom (165Bopearachchi (1998) and (1991), respectively. The first date is estimated by Osmund Bopearachchi and R. C. Senior, the other Boperachchi/155 –130 BC) who administered a large empire in the Northwestern regions of the Indian Subcontinent from his capital at Sagala.

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Mihirakula

Mihirakula, also Mahiragula, was one of the most important rulers of the Alchon Huns, who led a conquest and gained temporary control of Gandhara, Kashmir, northern and central India.

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Milinda Panha

The Milinda Pañha ("Questions of Milinda") is a Buddhist text which dates from sometime between 100 BCE and 200 CE.

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Muhammad Iqbal

Muhammad Iqbal (محمد اِقبال) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal, was a poet, philosopher, and politician, as well as an academic, barrister and scholar in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement.

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Muhammad of Ghor

Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad Ghori (معز الدین محمد غوری), born Shihab ad-Din (1149 – March 15, 1206), also known as Muhammad of Ghor, was Sultan of the Ghurid Empire along with his brother Ghiyath ad-Din Muhammad from 1173 to 1202 and as the sole ruler from 1202 to 1206.

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Multan

Multan (Punjabi, Saraiki, مُلتان), is a Pakistani city and the headquarters of Multan District in the province of Punjab.

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N-5 National Highway

The N-5 or National Highway 5 (Urdu) is a 1819 km national highway in Pakistan, which extends from Karachi in Sindh province to Torkham in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA).

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Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.

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Nader Shah's invasion of the Mughal Empire

Emperor Nader Shah, the Shah of Persia (1736–47) and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty of Persia, invaded the Mughal Empire, eventually attacking Delhi in March 1739.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced, like "Noah") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere.

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Nike, Inc.

Nike, Inc. is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design, development, manufacturing, and worldwide marketing and sales of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories, and services.

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North-West Frontier Province (1901–2010)

The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) was a province of British India and subsequently of Pakistan.

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Oman

Oman (عمان), officially the Sultanate of Oman (سلطنة عُمان), is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia.

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Pakistan Bureau of Statistics

The Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (ادارہ شماریات پاکستان, abbreviated as PBS) is the Government of Pakistan government agency commissioned charged with the national statistical services and to provide solid and comprehensive statistical research.

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Pakistan Movement

The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (تحریک پاکستان –) was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of the British Indian Empire.

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Pakistan Railways

Pakistan Railways (پاکستان ریلویز) is the national, state-owned railway company of Pakistan.

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Pakistan Standard Time

Pakistan Standard Time (پاکستان معیاری وقت, abbreviated as PST or sometimes PKT) is UTC+05:00 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.

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Pargana

A pargana (परगना, پرگنہ, পরগণা), or parganah, also spelt pergunnah during the time of the Sultanate period, Mughal times and British Raj, is a former administrative unit of the Indian subcontinent, used primarily, but not exclusively, by the Muslim kingdoms.

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Partition of India

The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.

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Presidencies and provinces of British India

The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.

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Ptolemy

Claudius Ptolemy (Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; Claudius Ptolemaeus) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology.

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Puma (brand)

Puma SE, branded as Puma, is a German multinational company that designs and manufactures athletic and casual footwear, apparel and accessories, which is headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Bavaria, Germany.

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Punjab

The Punjab, also spelled Panjab (land of "five rivers"; Punjabi: پنجاب (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾਬ (Gurumukhi); Πενταποταμία, Pentapotamia) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India.

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Punjab, Pakistan

Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi:, panj-āb, "five waters") is Pakistan's second largest province by area, after Balochistan, and its most populous province, with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017.

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Qatar

Qatar (or; قطر; local vernacular pronunciation), officially the State of Qatar (دولة قطر), is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Rajendra Kumar

Rajendra Kumar Tuli (20 July 1929 – 12 July 1999) was an Indian film actor who starred in Bollywood films.

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Rajput

Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra, "son of a king") is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent.

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Ranjit Singh

Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780 –1839) was the leader of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century.

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Ravi River

The Ravi (ਰਾਵੀ, راوی, रावी) is a transboundary river crossing northwestern India and eastern Pakistan.

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Rawalpindi

Rawalpindi (Punjabi, راولپِنڈى), commonly known as Pindi (پِنڈی), is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Rechna Doab

The Rechna Doab, or Rachna Doab (in Pakistan), can be classified as one of the main regions of Punjab.

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Reebok

Reebok is a global athletic footwear and apparel company, operating as a subsidiary of German sportsgiant Adidas since 2005.

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Sagala

Sagala (Σάγγαλα), Sangala or Sakala was the name of the ancient predecessor of Sialkot, in Pakistan's northern Punjab province.

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Sambrial

Sambrial (سمبڑيال), is a town of Sialkot District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Shah Jahan

Mirza Shahab-ud-din Baig Muhammad Khan Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan (شاہ جہاں), (Persian:شاه جهان "King of the World"), was the fifth Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1628 to 1658.

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Shalya

In the epic Mahabharata, King Shalya (शल्य, lit. pointed weapon) was the brother of Madri (mother of Nakula and Sahadeva), as well as the ruler of the Madra kingdom.

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Shirani (Pashtun tribe)

The Shirani (شيراني)(شيرانی)—also called Sherani —are a Pashtun tribe, from the Bettani tribal confederacy, who live in Afghanistan and Pakistan.

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Shoaib Malik

Shoaib Malik (Punjabi, شعیب ملک; born 1 February 1982) is a Pakistani cricketer and former captain of the Pakistani side.

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Sialkot Cantonment

Sialkot Cantonment is cantonment area in Sialkot adjacent to city area.

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Sialkot District

Sialkot District (Punjabi and ضِلع سيالكوٹ), is one of the districts of the Punjab provinces of Pakistan.

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Sialkot Dry Port

Sialkot Dry Port (سيالكوٹ خشک بندرگاہ) is located in Sambrial, Punjab, Pakistan, 15 km west of Sialkot and 4 km south of Sialkot International Airport.

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Sialkot Fort

Sialkot Fort is one of the oldest forts in Pakistan.

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Sialkot International Airport

Sialkot International Airport is situated 14 km (8.7 mi) west of Sialkot in the Sialkot District of Pakistan.

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Sialkot Junction railway station

Sialkot Junction railway station (سیالکوٹ جوڑ اسٹیشن, سیالکوٹ جوڑ اسٹیشن) is the main railway station in Sialkot on the Wazirabad–Narowal Branch Line.

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Sialkot Stallions

The Sialkot Stallions are a Faysal Bank T20 Cup team, based in Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Sialkot Tehsil

Sialkot (تحصِيل سيالكوٹ), is a tehsil located in Sialkot District, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Sialkot-Lahore Motorway

The Sialkot-Lahore motorway (SLM) is an under construction north-south motorway in Pakistan, which will connect Lahore to Sialkot via Sambrial.

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Sikh Empire

The Sikh Empire (also Sikh Khalsa Raj, Sarkar-i-Khalsa or Pañjab (Punjab) Empire) was a major power in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established a secular empire based in the Punjab.

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Sikhism

Sikhism (ਸਿੱਖੀ), or Sikhi,, from Sikh, meaning a "disciple", or a "learner"), is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent about the end of the 15th century. It is one of the youngest of the major world religions, and the fifth-largest. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them (20 million) living in Punjab, the Sikh homeland in northwest India, and about 2 million living in neighboring Indian states, formerly part of the Punjab. Sikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Guru (1469–1539), and the nine Sikh gurus that succeeded him. The Tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, terminating the line of human Gurus and making the scripture the eternal, religious spiritual guide for Sikhs.Louis Fenech and WH McLeod (2014),, 3rd Edition, Rowman & Littlefield,, pages 17, 84-85William James (2011), God's Plenty: Religious Diversity in Kingston, McGill Queens University Press,, pages 241–242 Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth. The Sikh scripture opens with Ik Onkar (ੴ), its Mul Mantar and fundamental prayer about One Supreme Being (God). Sikhism emphasizes simran (meditation on the words of the Guru Granth Sahib), that can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through Nam Japo (repeat God's name) as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to transform the "Five Thieves" (lust, rage, greed, attachment, and ego). Hand in hand, secular life is considered to be intertwined with the spiritual life., page.

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Silk

Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.

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South Asia

South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.

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Sufism

Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.

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Sukerchakia Misl

The Sukerchakia Misl was one of 12 Sikh Misls in Punjab during the 18th century concentrated in Gujranwala and Hafizabad district in Western Punjab (in modern-Pakistan) and ruled from (1752-1801).It was a Sandhawalia Jat sikh Misl.

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Taj al-Din Yildiz

Taj al-Din Yildiz (also spelled Yaldiz, Yildoz, and Yalduz, تاج‌الدین ییلدز) was a Turkic slave commander of the Ghurids, who, after the death of Sultan Mu'izz al-Din Muhammad, became the ruler of Ghazni, while, however, still recognizing Ghurid authority.

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Taxila

Taxila (from Pāli: Takkasilā, Sanskrit: तक्षशिला,, meaning "City of Cut Stone" or " Rock") is a town and an important archaeological site in the Rawalpindi District of the Punjab, Pakistan, situated about north-west of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, just off the famous Grand Trunk Road.

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Tehsil

A tehsil (also known as a mandal, taluk, taluq or taluka) is an administrative division of some countries of South Asia.

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The Anabasis of Alexander

The Anabasis of Alexander (Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἀνάβασις, Alexándrou Anábasis; Anabasis Alexandri) was composed by Arrian of Nicomedia in the second century AD, most probably during the reign of Hadrian.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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Toramana

Toramana was a ruler of the Alchon Huns who ruled its Indian region in the late 5th and the early 6th century.

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Uch

Uch (اوچ; "Ūch"), frequently referred to as Ūch Sharīf (اوچ شریف; "Noble Uch"), is an historic city in the southern part of Pakistan's Punjab province.

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Umera Ahmad

Umera Ahmad (عمیرہ احمد) (born 10 December 1976) is a Pakistani author and screenwriter.

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Union councils of Pakistan

A Union Council (شیروان‬, Sherwan) forms the second-tier of local government and fifth administrative division in Pakistan.

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United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates (UAE; دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة), sometimes simply called the Emirates (الإمارات), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Waheed Murad

Waheed Murad (وحید مراد; 2 October 1938 – 23 November 1983) was a Pakistani film actor, producer and script writer, famous for his charming expressions, attractive personality, tender voice and unusual talent for acting.

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Wazirabad

Wazirabad (Urdu/وزِيرآباد) is an industrial city located in Gujranwala District, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Wazirabad–Narowal Branch Line

Wazirabad–Narowal Branch Line (وزِيرآباد-نارووال فرعی ریلوے خط) is one of several branch lines in Pakistan, operated and maintained by Pakistan Railways.

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West Pakistan

West Pakistan (مغربی پاکستان,; পশ্চিম পাকিস্তান) was one of the two exclaves created at the formation of the modern State of Pakistan following the 1947 Partition of India.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Xuanzang

Xuanzang (fl. c. 602 – 664) was a Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator who travelled to India in the seventh century and described the interaction between Chinese Buddhism and Indian Buddhism during the early Tang dynasty.

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Yousuf Shah Chak

Yousuf Shah Chak (Urdu) was a ruler of Kashmir.

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Zaheer Abbas

Syed Zaheer Abbas Kirmani (in Punjabi and Urdu: سید ظہیر عباس کرمانی; born 24 July 1947), popularly known as Zaheer Abbas, is a former Pakistani cricketer.

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Zakariya Khan Bahadur

Zakariya Khan Bahadur, (d.1745) was the Mughal Empire's viceroy of Lahore from 1726, succeeding his father, Abdus Samad Khan Bahadur, in the post.

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2014 FIFA World Cup

The 2014 FIFA World Cup was the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial world championship for men's national football teams organized by FIFA.

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2017 Census of Pakistan

The 2017 Census of Pakistan was a detailed enumeration of the Pakistani population which began on 15 March 2017 and ended on 25 May 2017.

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Redirects here:

Climate of Sialkot, Mayor of Sialkot, Qamar tabish, Sailkot, Sealkote, Sialkot City, Sialkot city, Sialkot, Pakistan, Sialkot, Punjab, Sialkote, Sialkoti, سیالکوٹ.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialkot

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