Table of Contents
783 relations: Açaí palm, ABC countries, ABC islands (Leeward Antilles), Aconcagua, Administrative division, Adrián Villar Rojas, Afonso Pena International Airport, African diaspora, African Plate, Agate, Age of Enlightenment, Agrarian society, Agriculture, Aguaruna people, Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport, Alpaca, Altiplano, Amapá, Amazon basin, Amazon rainforest, Amazon River, American Civil War, Americas, Americas (terminology), Amethyst, Anaconda, Ancient Egypt, Andean Community, Andes, Andrés Sabella Gálvez International Airport, Angel Falls, Angra dos Reis, Angra Nuclear Power Plant, Antarctic Convergence, Antarctic Plate, Antarctic realm, Antarctica, Antilles, Antimony, Antofagasta, Anusim, Aquamarine (gem), Arauco War, Arawak, Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina, Argentina, Argentine Civil Wars, Argentine Confederation, Argentine surrender in the Falklands War, Arica, ... Expand index (733 more) »
- Continents
Açaí palm
The açaí palm (from Nheengatu asai), Euterpe oleracea, is a species of palm tree (Arecaceae) cultivated for its fruit (açaí berries, or simply açaí), hearts of palm (a vegetable), leaves, and trunk wood.
See South America and Açaí palm
ABC countries
The ABC countries, or ABC powers, are the South American countries of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, seen as the three most powerful, influential and wealthiest countries in South America.
See South America and ABC countries
ABC islands (Leeward Antilles)
The ABC islands is the physical group of '''A'''ruba, '''B'''onaire, and '''C'''uraçao, the three westernmost islands of the Leeward Antilles in the Caribbean Sea.
See South America and ABC islands (Leeward Antilles)
Aconcagua
Aconcagua is a mountain in the Principal Cordillera of the Andes mountain range, in Mendoza Province, Argentina.
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Administrative division
Administrative divisions (also administrative units, administrative regions, #-level subdivisions, subnational entities, or constituent states, as well as many similar generic terms) are geographical areas into which a particular independent sovereign state is divided.
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Adrián Villar Rojas
Adrián Villar Rojas (born 1980 in Rosario, Argentina) is an Argentinian sculptor known for his elaborate fantastical works which explore notions of the Anthropocene and the end of the world.
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Afonso Pena International Airport
Curitiba-President Afonso Pena International Airport is the main airport serving Curitiba, located in the municipality of São José dos Pinhais, in the state of Paraná.
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African diaspora
The global African diaspora is the worldwide collection of communities descended from people from Africa, predominantly in the Americas.
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African Plate
The African Plate, also known as the Nubian Plate, is a major tectonic plate that includes much of the continent of Africa (except for its easternmost part) and the adjacent oceanic crust to the west and south.
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Agate
Agate is the banded variety of chalcedony, which comes in a wide variety of colors.
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.
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Agrarian society
An agrarian society, or agricultural society, is any community whose economy is based on producing and maintaining crops and farmland.
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Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.
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Aguaruna people
The Aguaruna (or Awajún, their endonym) are an indigenous people of the Peruvian jungle.
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Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport
Alfonso Bonilla Aragón International Airport, formerly known as Palmaseca International Airport, is an international airport located between Palmira and Cali, the capital of Valle del Cauca Department, Colombia.
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Alpaca
The alpaca (Lama pacos) is a species of South American camelid mammal.
Altiplano
The Altiplano (Spanish for "high plain"), Collao (Quechua and Aymara: Qullaw, meaning "place of the Qulla") or Andean Plateau, in west-central South America, is the most extensive high plateau on Earth outside Tibet.
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Amapá
Amapá is one of the 26 states of Brazil.
Amazon basin
The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries.
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Amazon rainforest
The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America.
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Amazon River
The Amazon River (Río Amazonas, Rio Amazonas) in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world, and the longest or second-longest river system in the world, a title which is disputed with the Nile. The headwaters of the Apurímac River on Nevado Mismi had been considered for nearly a century the Amazon basin's most distant source until a 2014 study found it to be the headwaters of the Mantaro River on the Cordillera Rumi Cruz in Peru.
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American Civil War
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.
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Americas
The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America. South America and Americas are continents.
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Americas (terminology)
The Americas, also known as America,"America." The Oxford Companion to the English Language.
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Amethyst
Amethyst is a violet variety of quartz.
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Anaconda
Anacondas or water boas are a group of large boas of the genus Eunectes.
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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
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Andean Community
The Andean Community (Comunidad Andina, CAN) is a free trade area with the objective of creating a customs union comprising the South American countries (Andean states) of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
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Andes
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America.
Andrés Sabella Gálvez International Airport
Andrés Sabella Gálvez International Airport is an airport serving Antofagasta, capital of the Antofagasta Region of Chile.
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Angel Falls
Angel Falls (Salto Ángel; Pemon: Kerepakupai Merú or Parakupá Vená) is a waterfall in Venezuela.
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Angra dos Reis
Angra dos Reis (Portuguese for cove or bay of the Kings) is a municipality located in the southern part of the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro.
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Angra Nuclear Power Plant
Angra Nuclear Power Plant is Brazil's only nuclear power plant.
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Antarctic Convergence
The Antarctic Convergence or Antarctic Polar Front is a marine belt encircling Antarctica, varying in latitude seasonally, where cold, northward-flowing Antarctic waters meet the relatively warmer waters of the sub-Antarctic.
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Antarctic Plate
The Antarctic Plate is a tectonic plate containing the continent of Antarctica, the Kerguelen Plateau, and some remote islands in the Southern Ocean and other surrounding oceans.
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Antarctic realm
The Antarctic realm is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. South America and Antarctica are continents.
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Antilles
The Antilles is an archipelago bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the south and west, the Gulf of Mexico to the northwest, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north and east.
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Antimony
Antimony is a chemical element; it has symbol Sb and atomic number 51.
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Antofagasta
Antofagasta is a port city in northern Chile, about north of Santiago.
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Anusim
Anusim (אֲנוּסִים,; singular male, anús, אָנוּס; singular female, anusáh,, meaning "coerced") is a legal category of Jews in halakha (Jewish law) who were forced to abandon Judaism against their will, typically while forcibly converted to another religion.
Aquamarine (gem)
Aquamarine is a pale-blue to light-green variety of the beryl family, with its name relating to water and sea.
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Arauco War
The Arauco War was a long-running conflict between colonial Spaniards and the Mapuche people, mostly fought in the Araucanía region of Chile.
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Arawak
The Arawak are a group of Indigenous peoples of northern South America and of the Caribbean.
Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina
The Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina (Archipiélago de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina), or The Raizal Islands, is one of the departments of Colombia, and the only one located geographically in Central America.
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Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.
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Argentine Civil Wars
The Argentine Civil Wars were a series of civil conflicts of varying intensity that took place through the territories of Argentina from 1814 to 1853.
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Argentine Confederation
The Argentine Confederation (Spanish: Confederación Argentina) was the last predecessor state of modern Argentina; its name is still one of the official names of the country according to the Argentine Constitution, Article 35.
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Argentine surrender in the Falklands War
The last stage of the Falklands War was the surrender of the Argentine Governor at Port Stanley.
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Arica
Arica is a commune and a port city with a population of 222,619 in the Arica Province of northern Chile's Arica y Parinacota Region.
Armação dos Búzios
Armação dos Búzios, often referred to as just Búzios, is a municipality located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Armorial of South America
This is a list of the national coats of arms of South American countries.
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Artichoke
The globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus),Rottenberg, A., and D. Zohary, 1996: "The wild ancestry of the cultivated artichoke." Genet.
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Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport
Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, also known as Santiago International Airport and Nuevo Pudahuel Airport, located in Pudahuel, north-west of central Santiago, is Chile's largest aviation facility and busiest international airport.
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Aruba
Aruba, officially the Country of Aruba (Land Aruba; Pais Aruba), is a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, situated in the south of the Caribbean Sea.
Arya Diwaker
Arya Diwaker (Hindi: आर्य दिवाकर) is a Hindu association that built the biggest mandir (Hindu temple) of Suriname.
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Ascension Island
Ascension Island is an isolated volcanic island, 7°56′ south of the Equator in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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Asháninka
The Asháninka or Asháninca are an indigenous people living in the rainforests of Peru and in the State of Acre, Brazil.
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Asian people
Asian people (or Asians, sometimes referred to as Asiatic peopleUnited States National Library of Medicine. Medical Subject Headings. 2004. November 17, 2006.: Asian Continental Ancestry Group is also used for categorical purposes.) are the people of the continent of Asia.
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Asparagus
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is a perennial flowering plant species in the genus Asparagus native to Eurasia.
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Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
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Asunción
Asunción is the capital and the largest city of Paraguay.
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Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert (Desierto de Atacama) is a desert plateau located on the Pacific coast of South America, in the north of Chile.
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Atacama people
The Atacama people, also called Atacameño, are an Indigenous people from the Atacama Desert and altiplano region in the north of Chile and Argentina and southern Bolivia, mainly the Antofagasta Region.
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Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.
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Atlantic slave trade
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people to the Americas.
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Atletismo Sudamericano
Atletismo Sudamericano (South American Athletics), formerly CONSUDATLE (Spanish: Confederación Sudamericana de Atletismo; South American Athletics Confederation), is the continental confederation governing body of athletics for national governing bodies and multi-national federations within South America, including the transcontinental country Panama.
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Avocado
The avocado, alligator pear or avocado pear (Persea americana) is a medium-sized, evergreen tree in the laurel family (Lauraceae).
Awá (Brazil)
The Awá are an Indigenous people of Brazil living in the Amazon rain forest.
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Axis powers
The Axis powers, originally called the Rome–Berlin Axis and also Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, was a military coalition that initiated World War II and fought against the Allies.
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Aymara language
Aymara (also Aymar aru) is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Bolivian Andes.
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Aymara people
The Aymara or Aimara (aymara), people are an indigenous people in the Andes and Altiplano regions of South America.
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Bahía Blanca
Bahía Blanca (English: White Bay) is a city by the Atlantic Ocean, in the southwest province of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bahia
Bahia is one of the 26 states of Brazil, located in the Northeast Region of the country.
Balance of trade
Balance of trade is the difference between the monetary value of a nation's exports and imports over a certain time period.
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Balneário Camboriú
Balneário Camboriú is a coastal city in the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina.
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Banana
A banana is an elongated, edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.
Banawá
The Banawá (also Banawa, Banavá, Jafí, Kitiya, Banauá) are an indigenous group living along the Banawá River in the Amazonas State, Brazil.
Bariloche
San Carlos de Bariloche, usually known as Bariloche, is a city in the province of Río Negro, Argentina, situated in the foothills of the Andes on the southern shores of Nahuel Huapi Lake.
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Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.
Barrel of oil equivalent
The barrel of oil equivalent (BOE) is a unit of energy based on the approximate energy released by burning one barrel (or about) of crude oil.
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Battle of Ayacucho
The Battle of Ayacucho (Batalla de Ayacucho) was a decisive military encounter during the Peruvian War of Independence. This battle secured the independence of Peru and ensured independence for the rest of South America. In Peru it is considered the end of the Spanish American wars of independence in this country, although the campaign of Antonio José de Sucre continued through 1825 in Upper Peru and the siege of the fortresses Chiloé and Callao eventually ended in 1826.
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Battle of the Atlantic
The Battle of the Atlantic, the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, ran from 1939 to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, covering a major part of the naval history of World War II.
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Battle of the River Plate
The Battle of the River Plate was fought in the South Atlantic on 13 December 1939 as the first naval battle of the Second World War.
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Bauxite
Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content.
Bean
A bean is the seed of several plants in the family Fabaceae, which are used as vegetables for human or animal food.
Belém
Belém (Portuguese for Bethlehem; initially called Nossa Senhora de Belém do Grão-Pará, in English Our Lady of Bethlehem of Great Pará), often called Belém of Pará, is a Brazilian city, capital and largest city of the state of Pará in the country's north.
Belém/Val-de-Cans International Airport
Val-de-Cans/Júlio Cezar Ribeiro International Airport is the main airport serving Belém, Brazil.
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Belo Horizonte International Airport
Belo Horizonte/Confins–Tancredo Neves International Airport, formerly called Confins International Airport, is the primary international airport serving Belo Horizonte, located in the municipality of Confins.
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Belo Monte Dam
The Belo Monte Dam (formerly known as Kararaô) is a hydroelectric dam complex on the northern part of the Xingu River in the state of Pará, Brazil.
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Bering Strait
The Bering Strait (Beringov proliv) is a strait between the Pacific and Arctic oceans, separating the Chukchi Peninsula of the Russian Far East from the Seward Peninsula of Alaska.
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Beringia
Beringia is defined today as the land and maritime area bounded on the west by the Lena River in Russia; on the east by the Mackenzie River in Canada; on the north by 72° north latitude in the Chukchi Sea; and on the south by the tip of the Kamchatka Peninsula.
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity (or biological diversity) is the variety and variability of life on Earth.
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Biomass
Biomass is a term used in several contexts: in the context of ecology it means living organisms, and in the context of bioenergy it means matter from recently living (but now dead) organisms.
Black people
Black is a racialized classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion.
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Blueberry
Blueberry is a widely distributed and widespread group of perennial flowering plant with blue or purple berries.
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Bogotá
Bogotá (also), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá during the Spanish Colonial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, and one of the largest cities in the world.
Bolivia
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America.
Bombinhas
Bombinhas is a municipality in the state of Santa Catarina in the South region of Brazil.
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Bonaire
Bonaire (Papiamento) is a Caribbean island in the Leeward Antilles, and is a special municipality (officially "public body") of the Netherlands.
Boron
Boron is a chemical element; it has symbol B and atomic number 5.
Bossa nova
Bossa nova is a relaxed style of samba developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Bouvet Island
Bouvet Island is an uninhabited island and dependency of Norway.
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Boxing
Boxing is a combat sport and martial art.
BR-101 (Brazil highway)
The BR-101 (also called Translitorânea (transcoastal), officially named Rodovia Governador Mário Covas., Lei nº 10.292/01 – Rodovia Governador Mário Covas and nicknamed Briói in some regions) is a longitudinal highway of Brazil.
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BR-116 (Brazil highway)
BR-116 is a federal route of highways of Brazil and the longest highway in the country, with of extension.
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Brasília
Brasília is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District, located in the Brazilian highlands in the country's Central-West region.
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Brasília International Airport
Brasília–President Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport, also known as the Brasília International Airport, is the international airport serving Brasília and the surrounding Federal District.
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Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.
Brazil nut
The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) is a South American tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and it is also the name of the tree's commercially harvested edible seeds.
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Brazilian Expeditionary Force
The Brazilian Expeditionary Force (Força Expedicionária Brasileira, FEB), nicknamed Cobras Fumantes (literally "the Smoking Snakes"), was a military division of the Brazilian Army and Air Force that fought as part of Allied forces in the Mediterranean Theatre of World War II.
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Brazilian Highlands
The Brazilian Highlands or Brazilian Plateau (Planalto Brasileiro) is an extensive geographical region covering most of the eastern, southern and central portions of Brazil, in all some 4,500,000 km2 (1,930,511 sq mi) or approximately half of the country's land area.
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Brazilian War of Independence
The Brazilian War of Independence (Guerra de Independência do Brasil) was waged between the newly independent Brazilian Empire and the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, which had just undergone the Liberal Revolution of 1820.
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British Guiana
British Guiana was a British colony, part of the mainland British West Indies.
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British Overseas Territories
The British Overseas Territories (BOTs) are the 14 territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom that, while not forming part of the United Kingdom itself, are part of its sovereign territory.
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Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism was first established in Japan in the 6th century CE.
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Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca
Buenaventura is a coastal seaport city located in the Pacific Region of the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia (South America).
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Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the capital and primate city of Argentina.
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Buenos Aires Underground
The Buenos Aires Underground (Subterráneo de Buenos Aires), locally known as Subte, is a rapid transit system that serves the area of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Cañari
The Cañari (in Kichwa: Kañari) are an indigenous ethnic group traditionally inhabiting the territory of the modern provinces of Azuay and Cañar in Ecuador.
Cacique
A cacique, sometimes spelled as cazique (feminine form: cacica), was a tribal chieftain of the Taíno people, who were the indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles at the time of European contact with those places.
Cairu
Cairu is a municipality in the state of Bahia in the North-East region of Brazil.
Cajón
A cajón ("box, crate, drawer") is a box-shaped percussion instrument originally from Peru, played by slapping the front or rear faces (generally thin plywood) with the hands, fingers, or sometimes implements such as brushes, mallets, or sticks.
Caldera, Chile
Caldera is a port city and commune in the Copiapó Province of the Atacama Region in northern Chile.
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Cali
Santiago de Cali, or Cali, is the capital of the Valle del Cauca department, and the most populous city in southwest Colombia, with 2,280,522 residents estimate by DANE in 2023.
Callao
Callao is a Peruvian seaside city and region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area.
Campana Partido
Campana Partido (Spanish: Partido de Campana) is a partido in the north-east of Buenos Aires Province in Argentina.
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Candomblé
Candomblé is an African diasporic religion that developed in Brazil during the 19th century.
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Capacity factor
The net capacity factor is the unitless ratio of actual electrical energy output over a given period of time to the theoretical maximum electrical energy output over that period.
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Cape Verde
Cape Verde or Cabo Verde, officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an archipelago and island country of West Africa in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten volcanic islands with a combined land area of about.
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Caporales
The Caporales is a traditional Bolivian dance originated in Los Yungas of La Paz.
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Caracas
Caracas, officially Santiago de León de Caracas (CCS), is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas).
Caral–Supe civilization
Caral–Supe (also known as Caral and Norte Chico) was a complex Pre-Columbian era society that included as many as thirty major population centers in what is now the Caral region of north-central coastal Peru.
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Caribbean
The Caribbean (el Caribe; les Caraïbes; de Caraïben) is a subregion of the Americas that includes the Caribbean Sea and its islands, some of which are surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some of which border both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; the nearby coastal areas on the mainland are sometimes also included in the region.
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Caribbean Hindustani
Caribbean Hindustani (कैरेबियाई हिंदुस्तानी; Kaithi: 𑂍𑂶𑂩𑂵𑂥𑂱𑂨𑂰𑂆⸱𑂯𑂱𑂁𑂠𑂳𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂰𑂢𑂲; Perso-Arabic) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by Indo-Caribbeans and the Indo-Caribbean diaspora.
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Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.
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Caribbean South America
Caribbean South America is a subregion of South America that borders the Caribbean Sea, consisting of the Caribbean region of Colombia and the Venezuelan Caribbean.
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Carlos Cruz-Diez
Carlos Cruz-Diez (17 August 1923 – 27 July 2019) was a Venezuelan artist said by some scholars to have been "one of the greatest artistic innovators of the 20th century.".
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Carmen Miranda
Maria do Carmo Miranda da Cunha (9 February 1909 – 5 August 1955), known professionally as Carmen Miranda, was a Portuguese-born Brazilian singer, dancer, and actress.
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Carrasco International Airport
Carrasco/General Cesáreo L. Berisso International Airport is the main international airport of Uruguay.
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Cartagena Container Terminal
The Container Terminal of the Port of Cartagena (Terminal de Contenedores del Puerto de Cartagena), located at the Santa Lucía Dock, is the principal container management port of Cartagena, Spain.
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Cartagena, Colombia
Cartagena, known since the colonial era as Cartagena de Indias, is a city and one of the major ports on the northern coast of Colombia in the Caribbean Coast Region, along the Caribbean sea.
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Cashew
Cashew is the common name of a tropical evergreen tree Anacardium occidentale, in the family Anacardiaceae.
Cassava
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, manioc,--> or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes.
Cataratas del Iguazú International Airport
Cataratas del Iguazú International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional Cataratas del Iguazú), also known as Mayor Carlos Eduardo Krause Airport, is an airport in Misiones Province, Argentina, serving the city of Puerto Iguazú and providing access to the nearby Iguazú Falls (Cataratas del Iguazú).
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
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Caudillo
A caudillo (cabdillo, from Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput "head") is a type of personalist leader wielding military and political power.
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Cayenne
Cayenne (Kayenn) is the prefecture of French Guiana, an overseas region and department of France located in South America.
Cenepa War
The Cenepa War or Third Ecuadorian-Peruvian War (26 January – 28 February 1995), also known as the Alto Cenepa War, was a brief and localized military conflict between Ecuador and Peru, fought over control of an area in Peruvian territory (i.e. in the eastern side of the Cordillera del Cóndor, Province of Condorcanqui, Región Amazonas, Republic of Perú) near the border between the two countries.
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Central Bi-Oceanic railway
The Bioceanic Corridor (Portuguese: Corredor Bioceânico; Spanish: Corredor Bioceánico) is a rail project between Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina, and Chile.
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Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
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Central Powers
The Central Powers, also known as the Central Empires,Mittelmächte; Központi hatalmak; İttıfâq Devletleri, Bağlaşma Devletleri; translit were one of the two main coalitions that fought in World War I (1914–1918).
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Chachapoya culture
The Chachapoyas, also called the "Warriors of the Clouds", was a culture of the Andes living in the cloud forests of the southern part of the Department of Amazonas of present-day Peru.
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Chaco War
The Chaco War (Guerra del Chaco, Cháko Ñorairõ. Secretaría Nacional de Cultura de Paraguay) was fought from 1932 to 1935 between Bolivia and Paraguay, over the control of the northern part of the Gran Chaco region (known in Spanish as Chaco Boreal) of South America, which was thought to be rich in oil.
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Chavín culture
The Chavín culture was a pre-Columbian civilization, developed in the northern Andean highlands of Peru around 900 BCE, ending around 250 BCE.
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Chavín de Huántar
Chavín de Huántar is an archaeological site in Peru, containing ruins and artifacts constructed as early as 1200 BC, and occupied until around 400–500 BC by the Chavín, a major pre-Inca culture.
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Chayahuita language
Chayahuita is an endangered Amazonian language spoken by thousands of native Chayahuita people in the Amazon basin of north-central Peru.
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Chemical industry
The chemical industry comprises the companies and other organizations that develop and produce industrial, specialty and other chemicals.
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Cherry
A cherry is the fruit of many plants of the genus Prunus, and is a fleshy drupe (stone fruit).
Chicken as food
Chicken is the most common type of poultry in the world.
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Chickpea
The chickpea or chick pea (Cicer arietinum) is an annual legume of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae.
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Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in western South America.
Chile Route 5
Chile Highway 5 or Route 5 known locally as Ruta 5 is Chile's longest route,.
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Chiloé Archipelago
The Chiloé Archipelago (Archipiélago de Chiloé) is a group of islands lying off the coast of Chile, in the Los Lagos Region.
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Chimor
Chimor (also Kingdom of Chimor or Chimú Empire) was the political grouping of the Chimú culture.
Chinese Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism (p) is a Chinese form of Mahayana Buddhism which draws on the Chinese Buddhist canonJiang Wu, "The Chinese Buddhist Canon" in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to East and Inner Asian Buddhism, p. 299, Wiley-Blackwell (2014).
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Cisplatina
Cisplatina was a Brazilian province in existence from 1821 to 1828 created by the Luso-Brazilian invasion of the Banda Oriental.
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Cisplatine War
The Cisplatine War was an armed conflict fought in the 1820s between the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata over control of Brazil's Cisplatina province.
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Cocama language
Cocama (Kokáma) is a language spoken by thousands of people in western South America.
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Cocoa bean
The cocoa bean, also known simply as cocoa or cacao, is the dried and fully fermented seed of Theobroma cacao, the cacao tree, from which cocoa solids (a mixture of nonfat substances) and cocoa butter (the fat) can be extracted.
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Coconut
The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera) is a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae) and the only living species of the genus Cocos.
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
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Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.
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Colombia–Panama border
The Colombia–Panama border is the international boundary between Colombia and Panama.
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Colombia–Peru War
The Colombia–Peru War, also called the Leticia War, was a short-lived armed conflict between Colombia and Peru over territory in the Amazon rainforest that lasted from September 1, 1932, to May 24, 1933.
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Colonial Brazil
Colonial Brazil (Brasil Colonial) comprises the period from 1500, with the arrival of the Portuguese, until 1815, when Brazil was elevated to a kingdom in union with Portugal.
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Colorado Party (Uruguay)
The Colorado Party (lit) is a liberal political party in Uruguay.
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Columbia University Press
Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City, and affiliated with Columbia University.
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Commercial aviation
Commercial aviation is the part of civil aviation that involves operating aircraft for remuneration or hire, as opposed to private aviation.
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Commodity
In economics, a commodity is an economic good, usually a resource, that specifically has full or substantial fungibility: that is, the market treats instances of the good as equivalent or nearly so with no regard to who produced them.
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Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism or Ru classicism, is a system of thought and behavior originating in ancient China, and is variously described as a tradition, philosophy (humanistic or rationalistic), religion, theory of government, or way of life.
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Conquistador
Conquistadors or conquistadores (lit 'conquerors') was a term used to refer to Spanish and Portuguese colonialists of the early modern period.
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Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions.
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Continent
A continent is any of several large geographical regions. South America and continent are continents.
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Continental shelf
A continental shelf is a portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water, known as a shelf sea.
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Converso
A converso (feminine form conversa), "convert", was a Jew who converted to Catholicism in Spain or Portugal, particularly during the 14th and 15th centuries, or one of their descendants.
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Copa América
The CONMEBOL Copa América (Americas Cup; known until 1975 as the South American Football Championship), often simply called the Copa America, is the top men's quadrennial football tournament contested among national teams from South America.
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Cradle of civilization
A cradle of civilization is a location and a culture where civilization was developed independent of other civilizations in other locations.
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Cranberry
Cranberries are a group of evergreen dwarf shrubs or trailing vines in the subgenus Oxycoccus of the genus Vaccinium.
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Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game that is played between two teams of eleven players on a field, at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps.
Crime and violence in Latin America
Crime and violence affect the lives of millions of people in Latin America.
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Croatian language
Croatian (hrvatski) is the standardised variety of the Serbo-Croatian pluricentric language mainly used by Croats.
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Cruiser
A cruiser is a type of warship.
Crustacean
Crustaceans are a group of arthropods that are a part of the subphylum Crustacea, a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods, barnacles, copepods, opossum shrimps, amphipods and mantis shrimp.
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Crypto-Judaism
Crypto-Judaism is the secret adherence to Judaism while publicly professing to be of another faith; practitioners are referred to as "crypto-Jews" (origin from Greek kryptos – κρυπτός, 'hidden').
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Cumbia
Cumbia refers to a number of musical rhythms and folk dance traditions of Latin America, generally involving musical and cultural elements from American Indigenous peoples, Europeans and enslaved Africans during colonial times.
Curaçao
Curaçao (or, or, Papiamentu), officially the Country of Curaçao (Land Curaçao; Papiamentu: Pais Kòrsou), is a Lesser Antilles island in the southern Caribbean Sea, specifically the Dutch Caribbean region, about north of Venezuela.
Cusco
Cusco or Cuzco (Qusqu or Qosqo) is a city in southeastern Peru near the Sacred Valley of the Andes mountain range and the Huatanay river.
Cycle sport
Cycle sport is competitive physical activity using bicycles.
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Darién Gap
The Darién Gap (Tapón del Darién) is a geographic region that connects the American continents, stretching across southern Panama's Darién Province and the northern portion of Colombia's Chocó Department.
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Debt of developing countries
The debt of developing countries usually refers to the external debt incurred by governments of developing countries.
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Demographics of Chile
Chile's 2017 census reported a population of 17,574,003 people.
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Demographics of South America
As of 2017, South America has an estimated population of 418.76 million people.
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Dependencies of Norway
Norway has three dependent territories (biland), all uninhabited and located in the Southern Hemisphere.
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Dependent territory
A dependent territory, dependent area, or dependency (sometimes referred as an external territory) is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state and remains politically outside the controlling state's integral area.
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Desert
A desert is a landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions create unique biomes and ecosystems.
Deutschland-class cruiser
The Deutschland class was a series of three Panzerschiffe (armored ships), a form of heavily armed cruiser, built by the Reichsmarine officially in accordance with restrictions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.
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Diablada
The Diablada, also known as the Danza de los Diablos (Dance of the Devils), is an Andean folk dance performed in Bolivia the Altiplano region of South America, characterized by performers wearing masks and costumes representing the devil and other characters from pre-Columbian theology and mythology.
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Diaguita
The Diaguita people are a group of South American indigenous people native to the Chilean Norte Chico and the Argentine Northwest.
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Diego Aracena International Airport
Diego Aracena International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional Diego Aracena) is an airport serving Iquique, capital of the Tarapacá Region in Chile.
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Dreadnought
The dreadnought was the predominant type of battleship in the early 20th century.
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Dual carriageway
A dual carriageway (BrE) or a divided highway (AmE) is a class of highway with carriageways for traffic travelling in opposite directions separated by a central reservation (BrE) or median (AmE).
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Duopoly
A duopoly (from Greek δύο, duo "two" and πωλεῖν, polein "to sell") is a type of oligopoly where two firms have dominant or exclusive control over a market, and most (if not all) of the competition within that market occurs directly between them.
Dutch colonisation of the Guianas
The Dutch began their colonisation of the Guianas, the coastal region between the Orinoco and Amazon rivers in South America, in the late 16th century.
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Dutch language
Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.
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East Asian people
East Asian people (also East Asians or Northeast Asians) are the people from East Asia, which consists of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.
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East Asian religions
In the study of comparative religion, the East Asian religions or Taoic religions, form a subset of the Eastern religions.
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East Pomeranian dialect
East Pomeranian (Ostpommersch) or Farther Pomeranian (Hinterpommersch) is an East Low German dialect moribund in Europe, which used to be spoken in the region of Farther Pomerania when it was part of the German Province of Pomerania, until World War II, and today is part of Poland.
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Easter Island
Easter Island (Isla de Pascua; Rapa Nui) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania.
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Economic inequality
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
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Ecuador
Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west.
Ecuadorian–Peruvian War
The Second Ecuadorian–Peruvian War, known locally as the War of '41 (Guerra del 41), was a South American border war fought between 5–31 July 1941.
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Eduardo Gomes International Airport
Manaus–Eduardo Gomes International Airport is an international airport serving Manaus, Brazil.
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El Alto
El Alto (Spanish for "The Heights") is the second-largest city in Bolivia, located adjacent to La Paz in Pedro Domingo Murillo Province on the Altiplano highlands.
El Alto International Airport
El Alto International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional El Alto) is an international airport serving La Paz, Bolivia.
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El Dorado International Airport
El Dorado International Airport is an international airport serving Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, and its surrounding areas.
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El Tepual International Airport
El Tepual International Airport is a commercial and private aviation facility which serves the tourist area of Puerto Montt, Chile.
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Eletrobras
Centrais Elétricas Brasileiras S.A. (commonly referred to as Electrobras) is a major Brazilian electric utilities company.
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Embraer
Embraer S.A. is a Brazilian multinational aerospace corporation.
Emerald
Emerald is a gemstone and a variety of the mineral beryl (Be3Al2(SiO3)6) colored green by trace amounts of chromium or sometimes vanadium.
Empire of Brazil
The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and Uruguay until the latter achieved independence in 1828.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
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Entre Ríos Province
Entre Ríos ("Between Rivers") is a central province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region.
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Enxet
The Enxet are an indigenous people of about 17,000 living in the Gran Chaco region of western Paraguay.
Equus neogeus
Equus neogeus is an extinct species of equine native to South America during the Pleistocene.
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Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport
Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional Ernesto Cortissoz) is an international airport serving the area of Barranquilla, the capital city of the Atlántico department in Colombia.
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Ethanol
Ethanol (also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol, or simply alcohol) is an organic compound with the chemical formula.
European colonization of the Americas
During the Age of Discovery, a large scale colonization of the Americas, involving a number of European countries, took place primarily between the late 15th century and the early 19th century.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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Evangelicalism
Evangelicalism, also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the centrality of sharing the "good news" of Christianity, being "born again" in which an individual experiences personal conversion, as authoritatively guided by the Bible, God's revelation to humanity.
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Extratropical cyclone
Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth.
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Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) is an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Patagonian Shelf.
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Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute
Sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) is disputed by Argentina and the United Kingdom.
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Falklands War
The Falklands War (Guerra de Malvinas) was a ten-week undeclared war between Argentina and the United Kingdom in 1982 over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands and its territorial dependency, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
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Federal Dependencies of Venezuela
The Federal Dependencies of Venezuela (Dependencias Federales de Venezuela) encompass most of Venezuela's offshore islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Venezuela, excluding those islands that form the State of Nueva Esparta and some Caribbean coastal islands that are integrated with nearby states.
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Ferdinand VII
Ferdinand VII (Fernando VII; 14 October 1784 – 29 September 1833) was King of Spain during the early 19th century.
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Fernando Botero
Fernando Botero Angulo (19 April 1932 – 15 September 2023) was a Colombian figurative artist and sculptor.
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Fernando de Noronha
Fernando de Noronha, officially the State District of Fernando de Noronha (Portuguese: Distrito Estadual de Fernando de Noronha) and formerly known as the Territory of Fernando de Noronha (Portuguese: Território de Fernando de Noronha) until 1988, is an archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, part of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil, and located off the Brazilian coast.
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Field hockey
Field hockey (or simply hockey) is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with 11 players in total, made up of 10 field players and a goalkeeper.
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FIFA Club World Cup
The FIFA Club World Cup is an international men's association football competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.
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FIFA World Cup
The FIFA World Cup, often called the World Cup, is an international association football competition among the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.
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Fig
The fig is the edible fruit of Ficus carica, a species of small tree in the flowering plant family Moraceae, native to the Mediterranean region, together with western and southern Asia.
First French Empire
The First French Empire, officially the French Republic, then the French Empire after 1809 and also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
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Fishtail projectile point
Fishtail points, also known as Fell points are a style of Paleoindian projectile point widespread in South America at the end of the Late Pleistocene.
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Flags of South America
This is a gallery of flags of South American countries and affiliated international organizations.
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Florianópolis
Florianópolis is the capital and second largest city of the state of Santa Catarina, in the South region of Brazil.
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Fluvial sediment processes
In geography and geology, fluvial sediment processes or fluvial sediment transport are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by sediments.
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Food industry
The food industry is a complex, global network of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world's population.
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Footwear
Footwear refers to garments worn on the feet, which typically serve the purpose of protection against adversities of the environment such as wear from rough ground; stability on slippery ground; and temperature.
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Fortaleza
Fortaleza (Fortress) is the state capital of Ceará, located in Northeastern Brazil.
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Fortaleza Airport
Fortaleza–Pinto Martins International Airport is the international airport serving Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Fortaleza River (Peru)
The Fortaleza River originates in the Department of Ancash, Peru, in the foothills of the Cordillera Negra.
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France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Francisco Ramírez (governor)
Francisco Ramírez, also known as "Pancho" Ramírez as well as "El Supremo Entrerriano" (1786–1821), was an Argentine governor of Entre Ríos during the Argentine War of Independence.
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Francisco Solano López
Francisco Solano López Carrillo (24 July 1827 or 1826 – 1 March 1870) was a Paraguayan military officer, politician and statesman who served as President of Paraguay between 1862 and 1870, of which he served mostly during the Paraguayan War (1864–1870).
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Frank McCann
Francis Daniel McCann, better known as Frank McCann (December 15, 1938 – April 2, 2021) was a historian, and an American Brazilianist expert in Brazilian military history.
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French Fifth Republic
The Fifth Republic (Cinquième République) is France's current republican system of government.
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French Guiana
French Guiana (or; Guyane,; Lagwiyann or Gwiyann) is an overseas department and region of France located on the northern coast of South America in the Guianas and the West Indies.
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French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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Futsal
Futsal is a football-based game played on a hardcourt like a basketball court, smaller than a football pitch, and mainly indoors.
G20
The G20 or Group of 20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the African Union (AU).
G8+5
The Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) was an international group that consisted of the leaders of the heads of government from the G8 nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States), plus the heads of government of the five leading emerging economies (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa).
Gabriel García Márquez
Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez (6 March 1927 – 17 April 2014) was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter, and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo or Gabito throughout Latin America.
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Galápagos Islands
The Galápagos Islands (Islas Galápagos) are an archipelago of volcanic islands in the Eastern Pacific, located around the Equator west of the mainland of South America.
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Gallery of sovereign state flags
This gallery of sovereign state flags shows the national or state flags of sovereign states that appear on the list of sovereign states.
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Garnet
Garnets are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives.
Genetic admixture
Genetic admixture occurs when previously isolated populations interbreed resulting in a population that is descended from multiple sources.
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Geopolitics
Geopolitics is the study of the effects of Earth's geography (human and physical) on politics and international relations.
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Georgetown, Guyana
Georgetown is the capital and largest city of Guyana.
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Glyptodont
Glyptodonts are an extinct clade of large, heavily armoured armadillos, reaching up to in height, and maximum body masses of around 2 tonnes.
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Gomphothere
Gomphotheres are an extinct group of proboscideans related to modern elephants.
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Government of the United Kingdom
The Government of the United Kingdom (formally His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government) is the central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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Governor Francisco Gabrielli International Airport
Governor Francisco Gabrielli International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional Gobernador Francisco Gabrielli), better known as El Plumerillo International Airport, is located northeast of the centre of Mendoza, capital of the Mendoza Province of Argentina.
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Gran Sabana
La Gran Sabana (The Great Savanna) is a region in southeastern Venezuela, part of the Guianan savanna ecoregion.
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Grapefruit
The grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi) is a subtropical citrus tree known for its relatively large, sour to semi-sweet, somewhat bitter fruit.
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Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.
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Greater Belo Horizonte
Greater Belo Horizonte, Brazil, is the name usually used to describe the Belo Horizonte metropolitan region, which is composed of 34 municipalities.
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Greater Buenos Aires
Greater Buenos Aires (Gran Buenos Aires, GBA), also known as the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, AMBA), refers to the urban agglomeration comprising the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires and the adjacent 24 partidos (districts) in the Province of Buenos Aires.
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Greater Porto Alegre
Greater Porto Alegre or the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre is the 5th most populous metro area in Brazil, with an estimated population of 4.3 million inhabitants encompassing 34 municipalities around Porto Alegre, the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul.
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Greater Rio de Janeiro
Greater Rio de Janeiro, officially the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region (Grande Rio, officially Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, in Portuguese) is a large metropolitan area located in Rio de Janeiro state in Brazil, the second largest in Brazil and third largest in South America.
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Greater São Paulo
Greater São Paulo (Grande São Paulo) is a nonspecific term for one of the multiple definitions of the large metropolitan area located in the São Paulo state in Brazil.
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Ground sloth
Ground sloths are a diverse group of extinct sloths in the mammalian superorder Xenarthra.
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Guanaco
The guanaco (Lama guanicoe) is a camelid native to South America, closely related to the llama.
Guarana
Guaraná (from the Portuguese guaraná; Paullinia cupana, syns. P. crysan, P. sorbilis) is a climbing plant in the family Sapindaceae, native to the Amazon basin and especially common in Brazil.
Guaraní people
The Guarani are a group of culturally-related indigenous peoples of South America.
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Guarani language
Guarani, specifically the primary variety known as Paraguayan Guarani (avañeʼẽ "the people's language"), is a South American language that belongs to the Tupi–Guarani branch of the Tupian language family.
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Guarania (music)
Guarania is a genre of music created in Paraguay by musician José Asunción Flores in 1925, with the purpose of expressing the character of the Paraguayan people.
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Guava
Guava is a common tropical fruit cultivated in many tropical and subtropical regions.
Guayaquil Conference
The Guayaquil Conference (Conferencia de Guayaquil) was a meeting that took place on July 26–27, 1822 in the port city of Guayaquil (today part of Ecuador) between libertadors José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar to discuss the future of Peru, and South America in general.
See South America and Guayaquil Conference
Guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military, such as rebels, partisans, paramilitary personnel or armed civilians including recruited children, use ambushes, sabotage, terrorism, raids, petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in a rebellion, in a violent conflict, in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military, police or rival insurgent forces.
See South America and Guerrilla warfare
Guillermo Lora
Guillermo Lora (Uncia, Potosi, 31 October 1922 – La Paz, 17 May 2009) was a Trotskyist leader in Bolivia who was active in the Revolutionary Workers' Party (POR) from the early 1940s and was its best known leader.
See South America and Guillermo Lora
Gulf Stream
The Gulf Stream is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows through the Straits of Florida and up the eastern coastline of the United States, then veers east near 36°N latitude (North Carolina) and moves toward Northwest Europe as the North Atlantic Current.
See South America and Gulf Stream
Guna people
The Guna (also spelled Kuna or Cuna) are an indigenous people of Panama and Colombia.
See South America and Guna people
Guyana
Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic mainland British West Indies. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the country's largest city.
Guyana (1966–1970)
Guyana was a predecessor to the modern-day Co-operative Republic of Guyana and an independent state that existed between 1966 and 1970.
See South America and Guyana (1966–1970)
Hacienda
A hacienda (or; or) is an estate (or finca), similar to a Roman latifundium, in Spain and the former Spanish Empire.
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Handball
Handball (also known as team handball, European handball or Olympic handball) is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six outcourt players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball using their hands with the aim of throwing it into the goal of the opposing team.
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Hannah Ritchie
Hannah Ritchie is a Scottish data scientist, senior researcher at the University of Oxford in the Oxford Martin School, and deputy editor at Our World in Data.
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
See South America and Harvard University
Hazelnut
The hazelnut is the fruit of the hazel tree and therefore includes any of the nuts deriving from species of the genus Corylus, especially the nuts of the species Corylus avellana.
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Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
See South America and Head of state
Hercílio Luz International Airport
Florianópolis–Hercílio Luz International Airport, branded Floripa Airport, is the airport serving Florianópolis, Brazil.
See South America and Hercílio Luz International Airport
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
See South America and Hinduism
Hippidion
Hippidion (meaning little horse) is an extinct genus of equine that lived in South America from the Late Pliocene to the end of the Late Pleistocene (Lujanian), between 2.5 million and 11,000 years ago.
See South America and Hippidion
History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)
The Parliamentary Era in Chile began in 1891, at the end of the Civil War, and spanned until 1925 and the establishment of the 1925 Constitution.
See South America and History of Chile during the Parliamentary Era (1891–1925)
History of the Incas
The Incas were most notable for establishing the Inca Empire which was centered in modern-day South America in Peru and Chile.
See South America and History of the Incas
Honey
Honey is a sweet and viscous substance made by several species of bees, the best-known of which are honey bees.
House of Braganza
The Most Serene House of Braganza (Sereníssima Casa de Bragança), also known as the Brigantine dynasty (dinastia Brigantina), is a dynasty of emperors, kings, princes, and dukes of Portuguese origin which reigned in Europe and the Americas.
See South America and House of Braganza
Huaricanga
Huaricanga is the earliest city of the Norte Chico civilization, called Caral or Caral-Supe in Peru and Spanish language sources.
See South America and Huaricanga
Hugo Chávez
Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician and military officer who served as the 47th president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013, except for a brief period of forty-seven hours in 2002.
See South America and Hugo Chávez
Hunsrik
Hunsrik (natively Hunsrik, Hunsrückisch or Hunsrickisch and Portuguese hunsriqueano or hunsriqueano riograndense), also called Riograndese Hunsrik, Riograndenser Hunsrückisch or Katharinensisch, is a Moselle Franconian language derived primarily from the Hunsrückisch dialect of West Central German which is spoken in parts of South America.
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power).
See South America and Hydroelectricity
Iguazu Falls
Iguazú Falls or Iguaçu Falls (Chororõ Yguasu, Cataratas del Iguazú; Cataratas do Iguaçu) are waterfalls of the Iguazu River on the border of the Argentine province of Misiones and the Brazilian state of Paraná.
See South America and Iguazu Falls
Ilo, Peru
Ilo is a port city in southern Peru, with 66,118 inhabitants.
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Inca Empire
The Inca Empire, officially known as the Realm of the Four Parts (Tawantinsuyu, "four parts together"), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.
See South America and Inca Empire
Inca road system
The Inca road system (also spelled Inka road system and known as Qhapaq ÑanQhapaq.
See South America and Inca road system
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
Indigenous languages of the Americas
The Indigenous languages of the Americas are a diverse group of languages that originated in the Americas prior to colonization, many of which continue to be spoken.
See South America and Indigenous languages of the Americas
Indigenous peoples of South America
The Indigenous peoples of South America or South American Indigenous peoples, are the pre-Columbian peoples of South America and their descendants.
See South America and Indigenous peoples of South America
Influenza
Influenza, commonly known as "the flu" or just "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses.
See South America and Influenza
Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport
Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Córdoba "Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella"), more commonly known as Pajas Blancas, is located north-northwest of the center of Córdoba, the capital city of the Córdoba Province in Argentina.
See South America and Ingeniero Aeronáutico Ambrosio L.V. Taravella International Airport
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
See South America and International Monetary Fund
Interoceanic Highway
The Interoceanic Highway or Trans-oceanic highway is an international, transcontinental highway in Peru and Brazil that connects the two countries.
See South America and Interoceanic Highway
Intertropical Convergence Zone
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ, or ICZ), known by sailors as the doldrums or the calms because of its monotonous windless weather, is the area where the northeast and the southeast trade winds converge.
See South America and Intertropical Convergence Zone
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element; it has symbol I and atomic number 53.
Ipojuca
Ipojuca is a municipality in Pernambuco in eastern Brazil.
Iquique
Iquique is a port city and commune in northern Chile, capital of both the Iquique Province and Tarapacá Region.
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.
Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.
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Irrigation
Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns.
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Ischigualasto Provincial Park
Ischigualasto Provincial Park (Parque Provincial Ischigualasto), also called Valle de la Luna ("Valley of the Moon" or "Moon Valley"), due to its moon like appearance, is a provincial protected area in the north-east of San Juan Province, north-western Argentina, limiting to the north with the Talampaya National Park, in La Rioja Province.
See South America and Ischigualasto Provincial Park
Isla de Aves
Isla de Aves (Spanish for "Island of Birds" or "Birds Island"), or Aves Island, is a Federal Dependency of Venezuela.
See South America and Isla de Aves
Isthmus of Panama
The Isthmus of Panama (Istmo de Panamá), also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien (Istmo de Darién), is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, linking North and South America.
See South America and Isthmus of Panama
Itaipu Dam
The Itaipu Dam (Guarani: Yjoko Itaipu, Barragem de Itaipu, Represa de Itaipú) is a hydroelectric dam on the Paraná River located on the border between Brazil and Paraguay.
See South America and Itaipu Dam
Italian campaign (World War II)
The Italian campaign of World War II, also called the Liberation of Italy following the German occupation in September 1943, consisted of Allied and Axis operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to 1945.
See South America and Italian campaign (World War II)
Itapema
Itapema is a city in Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Jaguar
The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus Panthera native to the Americas.
Japanese new religions
Japanese new religions are new religious movements established in Japan.
See South America and Japanese new religions
Javanese language
Javanese (basa Jawa, Javanese script: ꦧꦱꦗꦮ, Pegon: باسا جاوا, IPA) is a Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by the Javanese people from the central and eastern parts of the island of Java, Indonesia.
See South America and Javanese language
Jê peoples
Jê or Gê are the people who spoke Jê languages of the northern South American Caribbean coast and Brazil.
See South America and Jê peoples
Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos
The Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos are located in the Santa Cruz department in eastern Bolivia.
See South America and Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos
Jewish population by city
This is a list of Jewish populations in different cities and towns around the world.
See South America and Jewish population by city
Jivaroan peoples
The Jivaroan peoples are the indigenous peoples in the headwaters of the Marañon River and its tributaries, in northern Peru and eastern Ecuador.
See South America and Jivaroan peoples
João Guimarães Rosa
João Guimarães Rosa (27 June 1908 – 19 November 1967) was a Brazilian novelist, short story writer, poet and diplomat.
See South America and João Guimarães Rosa
Jorge Chávez International Airport
Jorge Chávez International Airport is the main international airport serving Lima, the capital of Peru.
See South America and Jorge Chávez International Airport
Jorge Luis Borges
Jorge Francisco Isidoro Luis Borges Acevedo (24 August 1899 – 14 June 1986) was an Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator regarded as a key figure in Spanish-language and international literature.
See South America and Jorge Luis Borges
Joropo
The joropo, better known as Música Llanera, is a musical style resembling the fandango, and an accompanying dance.
José de San Martín
José Francisco de San Martín y Matorras (25 February 177817 August 1850), nicknamed "the Liberator of Argentina, Chile and Peru", was an Argentine general and the primary leader of the southern and central parts of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire who served as the Protector of Peru.
See South America and José de San Martín
José María Córdova International Airport
José María Córdova International Airport is an international airport located in the city of Rionegro, south-east of Medellín, and is the second largest airport in Colombia after El Dorado International Airport of Bogotá in terms of infrastructure and passenger service.
See South America and José María Córdova International Airport
Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juan Manuel José Domingo Ortiz de Rosas (30 March 1793 – 14 March 1877), nicknamed "Restorer of the Laws", was an Argentine politician and army officer who ruled Buenos Aires Province and briefly the Argentine Confederation.
See South America and Juan Manuel de Rosas
Juliana Republic
The Juliana Republic (República Juliana) or the Catarinense Republic (República Catarinense), fully and officially the Free and Independent Catarinense Republic (República Catarinense Livre e Independente), was a revolutionary state that existed between 29 July and 15 November 1839, in the province of Santa Catarina of the Empire of Brazil.
See South America and Juliana Republic
Junta (Peninsular War)
In the Napoleonic era, junta was the name chosen by several local administrations formed in Spain during the Peninsular War as a patriotic alternative to the official administration toppled by the French invaders.
See South America and Junta (Peninsular War)
Juris
The Juris (also Juri, Yuri) were a tribe of South American Indigenous people, formerly occupying the country between the rivers Içá (lower Putumayo) and Yapura, north-western Brazil.
Kaieteur Falls
Kaieteur Falls is the largest single-drop waterfall in the world and it is located on the Potaro River in Kaieteur National Park, central Essequibo Territory, Guyana.
See South America and Kaieteur Falls
Kardecist spiritism
Spiritism or Kardecism is a reincarnationist and spiritualist doctrine established in France in the mid-19th century by writer and educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (a.k.a. Allan Kardec).
See South America and Kardecist spiritism
Kawésqar
The Kawésqar, also known as the Kaweskar, Alacaluf, Alacalufe or Halakwulup, are an indigenous people who live in Chilean Patagonia, specifically in the Brunswick Peninsula, and Wellington, Santa Inés, and Desolación islands northwest of the Strait of Magellan and south of the Gulf of Penas.
See South America and Kawésqar
Kayapo
The Kayapo (Portuguese: Caiapó) people are the indigenous people in Brazil who inhabit a vast area spreading across the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, south of the Amazon River and along the Xingu River and its tributaries.
King Edward Point
King Edward Point (also known as KEP) is a permanent British Antarctic Survey research station on South Georgia island and is the capital of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
See South America and King Edward Point
Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia
The Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia (Reino de la Araucanía y de la Patagonia; Royaume d'Araucanie et de Patagonie), sometimes referred to as Kingdom of New France (Royaume de Nouvelle-France), was an unrecognized state declared by two ordinances on November 17, 1860 and November 20, 1860 from Antoine de Tounens, a French lawyer and adventurer, who claimed that the regions of Araucanía and eastern Patagonia did not depend of any other states and proclaimed himself king of Araucanía and Patagonia.
See South America and Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia
Kingdom of Brazil
The Kingdom of Brazil (Reino do Brasil) was a constituent kingdom of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.
See South America and Kingdom of Brazil
Kingdom of the Netherlands
The Kingdom of the Netherlands (Koninkrijk der Nederlanden), commonly known simply as the Netherlands, is a sovereign state consisting of a collection of constituent territories united under the monarch of the Netherlands, who functions as head of state.
See South America and Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kiwifruit
Kiwifruit (often shortened to kiwi outside New Zealand and Australia) or Chinese gooseberry, is the edible berry of several species of woody vines in the genus Actinidia.
See South America and Kiwifruit
Korean Confucianism
Korean Confucianism is the form of Confucianism that emerged and developed in Korea.
See South America and Korean Confucianism
La Guajira Department
La Guajira is a department of Colombia.
See South America and La Guajira Department
La Paz
La Paz, officially Nuestra Señora de La Paz, is the seat of government of the Plurinational State of Bolivia.
Lake Maracaibo
Lake Maracaibo (Lago de Maracaibo) is a brackish lake located in northwestern Venezuela, between the states of Zulia, Trujillo, and Mérida.
See South America and Lake Maracaibo
Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca (Lago Titicaca; Titiqaqa Qucha) is a large freshwater lake in the Andes mountains on the border of Bolivia and Peru.
See South America and Lake Titicaca
Landlocked country
A landlocked country is a country that does not have any territory connected to an ocean or whose coastlines lie solely on endorheic basins.
See South America and Landlocked country
Languages of South America
The languages of South America can be divided into three broad groups.
See South America and Languages of South America
Late Pleistocene extinctions
The Late Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene saw the extinction of the majority of the world's megafaunal (typically defined as having body masses over) animal species (the Pleistocene megafauna), which resulted in a collapse in faunal density and diversity across the globe.
See South America and Late Pleistocene extinctions
Latin America and the Caribbean
The term Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is an English-language acronym referring to the Latin American and the Caribbean region.
See South America and Latin America and the Caribbean
Latin American Boom
The Latin American Boom (Boom latinoamericano) was a literary movement of the 1960s and 1970s when the work of a group of relatively young Latin American novelists became widely circulated in Europe and throughout the world.
See South America and Latin American Boom
Latin American integration
The integration of Latin America (also called Latinoamericanism) has a history going back to Spanish American and Brazilian independence, when there was discussion of creating a regional state or confederation of Latin American nations to protect the area's newly won autonomy.
See South America and Latin American integration
Latin American literature
Latin American literature consists of the oral and written literature of Latin America in several languages, particularly in Spanish, Portuguese, and the indigenous languages of the Americas.
See South America and Latin American literature
López de Micay
López de Micay is a town and municipality in the Cauca Department, Colombia.
See South America and López de Micay
League (unit)
A league is a unit of length.
See South America and League (unit)
Lebanese people
The Lebanese people (الشعب اللبناني / ALA-LC) are the people inhabiting or originating from Lebanon.
See South America and Lebanese people
Libertadores
Libertadores ("Liberators") were the principal leaders of the Spanish American wars of independence from Spain and of the movement in support of Brazilian independence from Portugal.
See South America and Libertadores
Light skin
Light skin is a human skin color that has a low level of eumelanin pigmentation as an adaptation to environments of low UV radiation.
See South America and Light skin
Lima
Lima, founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (Spanish for "City of Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
Lima metropolitan area
The Lima Metropolitan Area (Área Metropolitana de Lima, also known as Lima Metropolitana) is an area formed by the conurbation of the Peruvian provinces of Lima (the nation's capital) and Callao.
See South America and Lima metropolitan area
Limited overs cricket
Limited overs cricket, also known as white ball cricket, is a version of the sport of cricket in which a match is generally completed in one day.
See South America and Limited overs cricket
Line 15 (São Paulo Metro)
Line 15 (Silver) (Linha 15–Prata) is one of the six lines that make up the São Paulo Metro and one of the thirteen lines that make up the Metropolitan Rail Transportation Network.
See South America and Line 15 (São Paulo Metro)
List of administrative divisions by country
The table below indicates the types and, where known, numbers of administrative divisions used by countries and their major dependent territories.
See South America and List of administrative divisions by country
List of cities in South America
This is a list of cities in South America.
See South America and List of cities in South America
List of continents and continental subregions by population
This is a list of continents and continental subregions by population.
See South America and List of continents and continental subregions by population
List of Copa América finals
The Copa América is an international association football competition established in 1916.
See South America and List of Copa América finals
List of countries and dependencies by area
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies by land, water, and total area, ranked by total area.
See South America and List of countries and dependencies by area
List of countries and dependencies by population density
This is a list of countries and dependencies ranked by population density, sorted by inhabitants per square kilometre or square mile.
See South America and List of countries and dependencies by population density
List of countries by exports
The following article lists different countries and territories by their exports according to data from the World Bank.
See South America and List of countries by exports
List of countries by GDP (nominal)
Gross domestic product (GDP) is the market value of all final goods and services from a nation in a given year.
See South America and List of countries by GDP (nominal)
List of countries by GDP (PPP)
GDP (PPP) means gross domestic product based on purchasing power parity.
See South America and List of countries by GDP (PPP)
List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
A country's gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita is the PPP value of all final goods and services produced within an economy in a given year, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year.
See South America and List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
List of countries by Human Development Index
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) compiles the Human Development Index (HDI) of 193 nations in the annual Human Development Report.
See South America and List of countries by Human Development Index
List of countries by population (United Nations)
This is a list of countries and other inhabited territories of the world by total population, based on estimates published by the United Nations in the 2024 revision of World Population Prospects.
See South America and List of countries by population (United Nations)
List of ethnic groups of Africa
The ethnic groups of Africa number in the thousands, with each ethnicity generally having its own language (or dialect of a language) and culture.
See South America and List of ethnic groups of Africa
List of metropolitan areas in the Americas
The list of metropolitan areas in the Americas has the top 50 most populous as of the most recent census results or projections.
See South America and List of metropolitan areas in the Americas
List of national capitals
This is a list of national capitals, including capitals of territories and dependencies, non-sovereign states including associated states and entities whose sovereignty is disputed.
See South America and List of national capitals
List of Portuguese monarchs
This is a list of Portuguese monarchs who ruled from the establishment of the Kingdom of Portugal, in 1139, to the deposition of the Portuguese monarchy and creation of the Portuguese Republic with the 5 October 1910 revolution.
See South America and List of Portuguese monarchs
List of territorial disputes
Territorial disputes have occurred throughout history, over lands around the world.
See South America and List of territorial disputes
List of transcontinental countries
This is a list of countries with territory that straddles more than one continent, known as transcontinental states or intercontinental states.
See South America and List of transcontinental countries
List of waterfalls by height
The following are lists of waterfalls in the world by height, classified into two categories — natural and artificial.
See South America and List of waterfalls by height
List of World Heritage Sites in South America
This is a list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in South America.
See South America and List of World Heritage Sites in South America
Lithium
Lithium is a chemical element; it has symbol Li and atomic number 3.
Llama
The llama (Lama glama) is a domesticated South American camelid, widely used as a meat and pack animal by Andean cultures since the pre-Columbian era.
Llanos
The Llanos (Spanish Los Llanos, "The Plains") is a vast tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela, in northwestern South America.
Longitude
Longitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the east–west position of a point on the surface of the Earth, or another celestial body.
See South America and Longitude
Los Roques Archipelago
The Los Roques Archipelago (Spanish: Archipiélago de Los Roques) is a federal dependency of Venezuela consisting of approximately 350 islands, cays, and islets in a total area of 40.61 square kilometers.
See South America and Los Roques Archipelago
Machado de Assis
Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, often known by his surnames as Machado de Assis, Machado, or Bruxo do Cosme VelhoVainfas, p. 505.
See South America and Machado de Assis
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru on a mountain ridge.
See South America and Machu Picchu
Maize
Maize (Zea mays), also known as corn in North American English, is a tall stout grass that produces cereal grain.
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
See South America and Manganese
Mango
A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree Mangifera indica.
Mapuche
The Mapuche are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia.
Mapuche language
Mapuche (from mapu 'land' and che 'people', meaning 'the people of the land') or Mapudungun (from mapu 'land' and dungun 'speak, speech', meaning 'the speech of the land'; also spelled Mapuzugun and Mapudungu) is an Araucanian language related to Huilliche spoken in south-central Chile and west-central Argentina by the Mapuche people.
See South America and Mapuche language
Mar del Plata
Mar del Plata is a city on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina.
See South America and Mar del Plata
Maracaibo
Maracaibo (Marakaaya) is a city and municipality in northwestern Venezuela, on the western shore of the strait that connects Lake Maracaibo to the Gulf of Venezuela.
See South America and Maracaibo
Marechal Rondon International Airport
Várzea Grande–Marechal Rondon International Airport is the airport serving Cuiabá, Brazil, located in the adjoining municipality of Várzea Grande.
See South America and Marechal Rondon International Airport
Margarita Island
Margarita Island (Isla de Margarita) is the largest island in the Venezuelan state of Nueva Esparta, situated off the northeastern coast of the country, in the Caribbean Sea.
See South America and Margarita Island
Mario Vargas Llosa
Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa, 1st Marquess of Vargas Llosa (born 28 March 1936), more commonly known as Mario Vargas Llosa, is a Peruvian novelist, journalist, essayist and former politician.
See South America and Mario Vargas Llosa
Mariscal Sucre International Airport
Mariscal Sucre International Airport is an international airport serving Quito, Ecuador.
See South America and Mariscal Sucre International Airport
Marrano
Marranos is one of the terms used in relation to Spanish and Portuguese Jews who converted or were forced by the Spanish and Portuguese crowns to convert to Christianity during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, but continued to practice Judaism in secrecy or were suspected of it, referred to as Crypto-Jews.
Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport
Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Salta "Martín Miguel de Güemes") is located southwest of the center of Salta, capital city of Salta Province, in Argentina.
See South America and Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport
Marxism
Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis.
Matarani
Matarani is a port city in Arequipa Region, Peru.
See South America and Matarani
Mate (drink)
Mate or maté (Spanish:, Portuguese) is a traditional South American caffeine-rich infused herbal drink.
See South America and Mate (drink)
Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso (–) is one of the states of Brazil, the third largest by area, located in the Central-West region.
See South America and Mato Grosso
Matsés
The Matsés or Mayoruna are an indigenous people of the Peruvian and Brazilian Amazon.
Max Roser
Max Roser (born 1983) is an economist and philosopher who focuses on large global problems such as poverty, disease, hunger, climate change, war, existential risks, and inequality.
See South America and Max Roser
Measles
Measles is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable infectious disease caused by measles virus.
Medellín
Medellín, officially the Special District of Science, Technology and Innovation of Medellín (Distrito Especial de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Medellín), is the second-largest city in Colombia after Bogotá, and the capital of the department of Antioquia.
See South America and Medellín
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate, also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen as Cs, is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude).
See South America and Mediterranean climate
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See South America and Mediterranean Sea
Megafauna
In zoology, megafauna (from Greek μέγας megas "large" and Neo-Latin fauna "animal life") are large animals.
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Megalopolis
A megalopolis or a supercity, also called a megaregion, is a group of metropolitan areas which are perceived as a continuous urban area through common systems of transport, economy, resources, ecology, and so on.
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Mejillones
Mejillones is a Chilean port city and commune in Antofagasta Province in the Antofagasta Region.
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Mercosur
The Southern Common Market, commonly known by Spanish abbreviation Mercosur, and Portuguese Mercosul, is a South American trade bloc established by the Treaty of Asunción in 1991 and Protocol of Ouro Preto in 1994.
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Meridian (geography)
In geography and geodesy, a meridian is the locus connecting points of equal longitude, which is the angle (in degrees or other units) east or west of a given prime meridian (currently, the IERS Reference Meridian).
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Mestizo
Mestizo (fem. mestiza, literally 'mixed person') is a person of mixed European and Indigenous non-European ancestry in the former Spanish Empire.
Metropolitan Area of Bogotá
Metropolitan Area of Bogotá is the metropolitan area of the Colombian capital city of Bogotá, usually used for statistical analysis or technical use.
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Metropolitan Region of Caracas
Metropolitan Region of Caracas (MRC) or Greater Caracas (GC) (Región Metropolitana de Caracas; RMC or Gran Caracas; GC) is the urban agglomeration comprising the Metropolitan District of Caracas and the adjacent 11 municipalities over Miranda and Vargas state in Venezuela.
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Mi Teleférico
Mi Teleférico (English: My Cable Car), also known as Teleférico La Paz–El Alto (La Paz–El Alto Cable Car), is an aerial cable car urban transit system serving the La Paz–El Alto metropolitan area in Bolivia.
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Michael Conniff
Michael Lee Conniff (born 1942) is a historian of Latin America, who specializes on modern Brazil and Panama.
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Middle latitudes
The middle latitudes (also called the mid-latitudes, sometimes midlatitudes, or moderate latitudes) are a spatial region on Earth located between the Tropic of Cancer (latitudes) to the Arctic Circle, and Tropic of Capricorn (-) to the Antarctic Circle (-). They include Earth's subtropical and temperate zones, which lie between the two tropics and the polar circles.
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Milk
Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals.
Minas Gerais
Minas Gerais is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil, being the fourth largest state by area and the second largest in number of inhabitants with a population of 20,539,989 according to the 2022 census.
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Ministro Pistarini International Airport
Ministro Pistarini International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional Ministro Pistarini), also known as Ezeiza International Airport owing to its location in Ezeiza in Greater Buenos Aires, is an international airport south-southwest of the autonomous city of Buenos Aires, the capital city of Argentina.
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Mit'a
Mit'a was mandatory service in the society of the Inca Empire.
Moche culture
The Moche civilization (alternatively, the Moche culture or the Early, Pre- or Proto-Chimú) flourished in northern Peru with its capital near present-day Moche, Trujillo, Peru from about 100 to 700 AD during the Regional Development Epoch.
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Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a chemical element; it has symbol Mo (from Neo-Latin molybdaenum) and atomic number 42.
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Monarchy of the United Kingdom
The monarchy of the United Kingdom, commonly referred to as the British monarchy, is the form of government used by the United Kingdom by which a hereditary monarch reigns as the head of state, with their powers regulated by the British Constitution.
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Monte Verde
Monte Verde is a Paleolithic archaeological site in the Llanquihue Province in southern Chile, located near Puerto Montt, Los Lagos Region.
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Montevideo
Montevideo is the capital and largest city of Uruguay.
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Morenada
The Morenada is an Andean folk dance whose origins are still under debate.
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Motorsport
Motorsport(s) or motor sport(s) are sporting events, competitions and related activities that primarily involve the use of automobiles, motorcycles, motorboats and powered aircraft.
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Muisca
The Muisca (also called Chibcha) are an indigenous people and culture of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia, that formed the Muisca Confederation before the Spanish conquest.
Muisca Confederation
The Muisca Confederation was a loose confederation of different Muisca rulers (zaques, zipas, iraca, and tundama) in the central Andean highlands of what is today Colombia before the Spanish conquest of northern South America.
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Mulatto
Mulatto is a racial classification that refers to people of mixed African and European ancestry.
Music of Brazil
The music of Brazil encompasses various regional musical styles influenced by European, American, African and Amerindian forms.
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Music of Latin America
The music of Latin America refers to music originating from Latin America, namely the Romance-speaking regions of the Americas south of the United States.
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Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.
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Natal, Rio Grande do Norte
Natal (literally Christmas or natal (something related to "birth")) is the capital and largest city of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in northeastern Brazil.
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National Geographic Society
The National Geographic Society (NGS), headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world.
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National Library of Brazil
The National Library of Brazil (Biblioteca Nacional do Brasil, official name is) is the depository of the bibliographic and documentary heritage of Brazil. It is located in Rio de Janeiro, the capital city of Brazil from 1822 to 1960, more specifically at Cinelândia square. Considered by UNESCO the largest library in Latin America and the seventh largest in the world, its collections include about 9 million items.
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National Party (Uruguay)
The National Party (Partido Nacional, PN) also known as the White Party (Partido Blanco), is a major political party in Uruguay.
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National Route 14 (Argentina)
The Ruta Nacional 14 General José Gervasio Artigas (Decree Law 26859/10 jun 2013) is a major road in Argentina.
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National Route 7 (Argentina)
National Route 7 (full name in Spanish: Ruta Nacional 7 Carretera Libertador General San Martín) is a road in Argentina.
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National Route 9 (Argentina)
National Route 9 (in Spanish, Ruta Nacional 9) is a major road in Argentina, which runs from the center-east to the northwest of the country, crossing the provinces of Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Tucumán, Salta and Jujuy.
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Natural resource
Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications.
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Natural rubber
Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, caucho, or caoutchouc, as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds.
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Nazca culture
The Nazca culture (also Nasca) was the archaeological culture that flourished from beside the arid, southern coast of Peru in the river valleys of the Rio Grande de Nazca drainage and the Ica Valley.
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Nazca lines
The Nazca lines are a group of geoglyphs made in the soil of the Nazca Desert in southern Peru.
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Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism, also neo-liberalism, is both a political philosophy and a term used to signify the late-20th-century political reappearance of 19th-century ideas associated with free-market capitalism.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands, informally Holland, is a country located in Northwestern Europe with overseas territories in the Caribbean.
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New World
The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
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Nickel
Nickel is a chemical element; it has symbol Ni and atomic number 28.
Niobium
Niobium is a chemical element; it has symbol Nb (formerly columbium, Cb) and atomic number 41.
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres. South America and North America are continents.
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North Region, Brazil
The North Region of Brazil (Região Norte do Brasil) is the largest region of Brazil, accounting for 45.27% of the national territory.
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Northeast Region, Brazil
The Northeast Region of Brazil (Região Nordeste do Brasil) is one of the five official and political regions of the country according to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics.
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Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.
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Norway
Norway (Norge, Noreg), formally the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula.
Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity.
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Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant (NPP) or atomic power station (APS) is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.
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Nueva canción
(European,; 'new song') is a left-wing social movement and musical genre in Latin America and the Iberian peninsula, characterized by folk-inspired styles and socially committed lyrics.
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Nueva Esparta
The Nueva Esparta State (in Spanish: Estado Nueva Esparta) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.
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Oat
The oat (Avena sativa), sometimes called the common oat, is a species of cereal grain grown for its seed, which is known by the same name (usually in the plural).
ODESUR
The Organización Deportiva Suramericana (ODESUR) is a multi-sports organisation.
Official language
An official language is a language having certain rights to be used in defined situations.
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Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.
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Opal
Opal is a hydrated amorphous form of silica (SiO2·nH2O); its water content may range from 3% to 21% by weight, but is usually between 6% and 10%.
OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing and oil-dependent countries in order to collectively influence the global oil market and maximize profit.
Operation Condor
Operation Condor (Operação Condor; Operación Cóndor) was a campaign of political repression involving intelligence operations, coups, and assassinations of left-wing sympathizers, liberals and democrats and their families in South America which formally existed from 1975 to 1983.
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Orinoco
The Orinoco is one of the longest rivers in South America at. Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers ca 1 million km2, with 65% of it in Venezuela and the 35% in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water. The nevertheless high volume flow (39,000 m3/s at delta) of the Orinoco can be explained by the high precipitation in almost the entire catchment area (ca 2,300 mm/a).
Orthodoxy
Orthodoxy (from Greek) is adherence to correct or accepted creeds, especially in religion.
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Oswaldo Guayasamín
Oswaldo Guayasamín Calero (July 6, 1919 – March 10, 1999) was an Ecuadorian painter and sculptor of Kichwa and Mestizo heritage.
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Overseas departments and regions of France
The overseas departments and regions of France (départements et régions d'outre-mer,; DROM) are departments of the French Republic which are outside the continental Europe situated portion of France, known as "metropolitan France".
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Pablo Neruda
Pablo Neruda (born Ricardo Eliécer Neftalí Reyes Basoalto; 12 July 190423 September 1973) was a Chilean poet-diplomat and politician who won the 1971 Nobel Prize in Literature.
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Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions.
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Palestinians
Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.
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Palm oil
Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of oil palms.
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Pampas
The Pampas (from the pampa, meaning "plain") are fertile South American low grasslands that cover more than and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazil's southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul.
Pan-American Highway
The Pan-American Highway(Auto)route panaméricaine/transaméricaine; Rodovia/Autoestrada Pan-americana; Autopista/Carretera/Ruta Panamericana is a network of roads stretching across the Americas, measuring about in total length.
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Panama
Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America.
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal (Canal de Panamá) is an artificial waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean, cutting across the Isthmus of Panama, and is a conduit for maritime trade.
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Papaya
The papaya, papaw, or pawpaw is the plant species Carica papaya, one of the 21 accepted species in the genus Carica of the family Caricaceae, and also the name of its fruit.
Paracas culture
The Paracas culture was an Andean society existing between approximately 800 BCE and 100 BCE, with an extensive knowledge of irrigation and water management and that made significant contributions in the textile arts.
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Paraguay
Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay (República del Paraguay; Paraguái Tavakuairetã), is a landlocked country in South America.
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Paraguayan War
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870.
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Paramaribo
Paramaribo (nicknamed Par'bo) is the capital and largest city of Suriname, located on the banks of the Suriname River in the Paramaribo District.
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Paranaguá
Paranaguá (Tupi, 'Great Round Sea') is a city in the state of Paraná in Brazil.
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Paraná River
The Paraná River (Rio Paraná; Río Paraná; Ysyry Parana) is a river in south-central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina for some."Parana River". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012.
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Paraty
Paraty (or Parati) is a preserved Portuguese colonial (1500–1822) and Brazilian Imperial (1822–1889) municipality with a population of about 43,000.
Pará
Pará is a state of Brazil, located in northern Brazil and traversed by the lower Amazon River.
Pardo
In the former Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Americas, pardos (feminine pardas) are triracial descendants of Southern Europeans, Indigenous Americans and West Africans.
Parliamentary republic
A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament).
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Pasillo
Pasillo (little step, hallway or aisle) is a Colombian genre of music popular in the territories that composed the 19th century Viceroyalty of New Granada: Born in the Colombian Andes during the independence wars, it spread to other areas; especially Ecuador (where it is considered the national musical style) and, to a lesser extent, the mountainous regions of Venezuela and Panama.
Patagonia
Patagonia is a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile.
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Peach
The peach (Prunus persica) is a deciduous tree first domesticated and cultivated in Zhejiang province of Eastern China.
Pedro I of Brazil
Dom Pedro I (12 October 1798 – 24 September 1834) was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil, where he was known as "the Liberator".
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Pedro II of Brazil
Dom PedroII (2 December 1825 – 5 December 1891), nicknamed the Magnanimous (O Magnânimo), was the second and last monarch of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years.
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Pehuenche
Pehuenche (or Pewenche) are an indigenous people of South America.
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Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.
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Perito Moreno Glacier
The Perito Moreno Glacier is a glacier located in Los Glaciares National Park in southwest Santa Cruz Province, Argentina, and originated in the Magallanes Region in Chile.
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Persimmon
The persimmon is the edible fruit of a number of species of trees in the genus Diospyros.
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Peru
Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River.
Peru–Bolivian Confederation
The Peru–Bolivian Confederation (Confederación Perú-Boliviana) was a short-lived state that existed in South America between 1836 and 1839.
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Peruvian conflict
The Peruvian conflict is an ongoing armed conflict between the Government of Peru and the Maoist guerilla group Shining Path and its remnants.
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Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
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Phenotype
In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
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Photovoltaics
Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry.
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Pineapple
The pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae.
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Pink tide
The pink tide (marea rosa; onda rosa; marée rose), or the turn to the left (giro a la izquierda; virada à esquerda; tournant à gauche), is a political wave and turn towards left-wing governments in Latin America throughout the 21st century.
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Piranha
A piranha or piraña is any of a number of freshwater fish species in the family Serrasalmidae, or the subfamily Serrasalminae within the tetra family, Characidae in order Characiformes.
Pisco
Pisco is a colorless or yellowish-to-amber-colored spirit produced in winemaking regions of Peru and Chile.
Platine War
The Platine War (18 August 1851 – 3 February 1852) was fought between the Argentine Confederation and an alliance consisting of the Empire of Brazil, Uruguay, and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ríos and Corrientes, with the participation of the Republic of Paraguay as Brazil's co-belligerent and ally.
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Plum
A plum is a fruit of some species in ''Prunus'' subg. ''Prunus''. Dried plums are often called prunes, though in the United States they may be labeled as 'dried plums', especially during the 21st century.
Political prisoner
A political prisoner is someone imprisoned for their political activity.
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Polo
Polo is a ball game that is played on horseback, a traditional field sport and one of the world's oldest known team sports.
Port
A port is a maritime facility comprising one or more wharves or loading areas, where ships load and discharge cargo and passengers.
Port of Buenos Aires
The Port of Buenos Aires (Puerto de Buenos Aires) is the principal maritime port in Argentina.
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Port of Itajaí
The Port of Itajaí is one of the main ports of Brazil and Latin America.
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Port of Paranaguá
The Port of Paranaguá is one of the main ports of Brazil and Latin America.
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Port of Rio de Janeiro
The Port of Rio de Janeiro (Porto do Rio de Janeiro) is a seaport in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil located in a cove on the west shore of Guanabara Bay.
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Port of Rio Grande
The Port of Rio Grande is one of the main ports of Brazil and Latin America.
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Port of Rosario
The Port of Rosario is an inland port and a major goods-shipping center of Argentina, located in the city of Rosario, province of Santa Fe, on the western shore of the Paraná River, about 550 km upstream from the Atlantic Ocean.
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Port of Santos
The Port of Santos (in Portuguese: Porto de Santos) is in the city of Santos, state of São Paulo, Brazil.
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Port of São Francisco do Sul
The Port of São Francisco do Sul is one of the main ports of Brazil and Latin America.
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Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.
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Portuguese colonization of the Americas
Portuguese colonization of the Americas constituted territories in the Americas belonging to the Kingdom of Portugal.
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Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
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Portuguese people
The Portuguese people (– masculine – or Portuguesas) are a Romance-speaking ethnic group and nation indigenous to Portugal, a country in the west of the Iberian Peninsula in the south-west of Europe, who share a common culture, ancestry and language.
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Potash
Potash includes various mined and manufactured salts that contain potassium in water-soluble form.
Prefectures in France
In France, a prefecture (préfecture) may be.
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Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport
Presidente Carlos Ibáñez International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional Presidente Carlos Ibáñez) is an airport serving the city of Punta Arenas in southern Chile in the Patagonia region of South America.
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Presidente Perón International Airport
Presidente Perón International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Neuquén – Presidente Perón) is an airport in Neuquén Province, Argentina, serving the cities of Neuquén, Cipolletti, Plottier, Centenario, and General Roca.
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Presidential system
A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, typically with the title of president, leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separation of powers.
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Pressurized water reactor
A pressurized water reactor (PWR) is a type of light-water nuclear reactor.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
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Providencia Island, Colombia
Isla de Providencia, historically Old Providence, and generally known as Providencia or Providence, is a mountainous Caribbean island that is part of the Colombian department of Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina and the municipality of Providencia and Santa Catalina Islands, lying midway between Costa Rica and Jamaica.
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Puerto Bolívar, Colombia
Puerto Bolívar is a maritime port in the municipality of Uribia in the Guajira department of Colombia.
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Puerto Montt
Puerto Montt (Mapuche: Meli Pulli) is a port city and commune in southern Chile, located at the northern end of the Reloncaví Sound in the Llanquihue Province, Los Lagos Region, 1,055 km to the south of the capital, Santiago.
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Puerto Toro
Puerto Toro is a hamlet on the eastern coast of Navarino Island, Chile.
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Pulp (paper)
Pulp is a fibrous lignocellulosic material prepared by chemically, semi-chemically or mechanically producing cellulosic fibers from wood, fiber crops, waste paper, or rags.
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Punta del Este
Punta del Este is a seaside city and peninsula on the Atlantic Coast in the Maldonado Department of southeastern Uruguay.
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Quechua people
Quechua people or Quichua people may refer to any of the indigenous peoples of South America who speak the Quechua languages, which originated among the Indigenous people of Peru.
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Quechuan languages
Quechua, also called Runasimi ('people's language') in Southern Quechua, is an indigenous language family that originated in central Peru and thereafter spread to other countries of the Andes.
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Quinoa
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa;, from Quechua kinwa or kinuwa) is a flowering plant in the amaranth family.
Quito
Quito (Kitu), officially San Francisco de Quito, is the capital of Ecuador, with an estimated population of 2.8 million in its metropolitan area.
Rafael Núñez International Airport
Rafael Núñez International Airport is an international airport serving the Caribbean port city of Cartagena, Colombia.
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Ragamuffin War
The Ragamuffin War or Ragamuffin Revolution (Portuguese: Guerra dos Farrapos or Revolução Farroupilha) was a Republican uprising that began in southern Brazil, in the province (current state) of Rio Grande do Sul in 1835.
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Rawson, Chubut
Rawson is the capital of the Argentine province of Chubut, in Patagonia.
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Río de la Plata Basin
The Río de la Plata basin (Cuenca del Plata, Bacia do Prata), more often called the River Plate basin in scholarly writings, sometimes called the Platine basin or Platine region, is the hydrographical area in South America that drains to the Río de la Plata.
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Recession
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.
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Recife
Recife is the state capital of Pernambuco, Brazil, on the northeastern Atlantic coast of South America.
Recife/Guararapes–Gilberto Freyre International Airport
Aeroporto Internacional do Recife/Guararapes–Gilberto Freyre is the airport serving Recife, Brazil.
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Regions of France
France is divided into eighteen administrative regions (régions, singular région), of which thirteen are located in metropolitan France (in Europe), while the other five are overseas regions (not to be confused with the overseas collectivities, which have a semi-autonomous status).
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Religion in South America
Religion in South America has been a major influence on art, culture, philosophy and law and changed greatly in recent years.
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Republic of Entre Ríos
The Republic of Entre Ríos was a short-lived republic in South America in the early nineteenth century.
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Rhenium
Rhenium is a chemical element; it has symbol Re and atomic number 75.
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro.
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Rio de Janeiro (state)
Rio de Janeiro is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil.
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Rio de Janeiro Light Rail
Rio de Janeiro Light Rail (VLT Carioca) is a modern light rail system serving Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Rio de Janeiro/Galeão International Airport
Rio de Janeiro/Galeão–Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport, popularly known by its original name Galeão International Airport, is the main international airport serving Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul ("Great River of the South") is a state in the southern region of Brazil.
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Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande (lit. "Great River") is a municipality (município) and one of the oldest cities in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.
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Riograndense Republic
The Riograndense Republic, often called the Piratini Republic (República Rio-Grandense or República do Piratini), was a de facto state that seceded from the Empire of Brazil and roughly coincided with the present state of Rio Grande do Sul.
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Robinson Crusoe Island
Robinson Crusoe Island (Isla Róbinson Crusoe) is the second largest of the Juan Fernández Islands, situated 670 km (362 nmi; 416 mi) west of San Antonio, Chile, in the South Pacific Ocean.
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Rock en español
Spanish-language rock is a term used to refer to any kind of rock music featuring Spanish vocals.
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Rosario
Rosario is the largest city in the central Argentine province of Santa Fe.
Royalist (Spanish American independence)
The royalists were the people of Hispanic America (mostly from native and indigenous peoples) and Europeans that fought to preserve the integrity of the Spanish monarchy during the Spanish American wars of independence.
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Rugby football
Rugby football is the collective name for the team sports of rugby union or rugby league.
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Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha is a British Overseas Territory located in the South Atlantic and consisting of the island of Saint Helena, Ascension Island, and the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha (including Gough Island).
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Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago
The Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago (Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo) is a group of 15 small islets and rocks in the central equatorial Atlantic Ocean.
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Salar de Uyuni
Salar de Uyuni (or "Salar de Tunupa") is the world's largest salt flat, or playa, at over in area.
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Salgado Filho Porto Alegre International Airport
Porto Alegre–Salgado Filho International Airport is the airport serving Porto Alegre and the region of Greater Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Salta
Salta is the capital and largest city in the Argentine province of the same name.
Salvador Bahia Airport
Salvador–Deputado Luís Eduardo Magalhães International Airport, formerly called Dois de Julho International Airport and known by the trade name Salvador Bahia Airport, is the airport serving Salvador, Brazil.
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Salvador, Bahia
Salvador is a Brazilian municipality and capital city of the state of Bahia.
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Samba
Samba is a name or prefix used for several rhythmic variants, such as samba urbano carioca (urban Carioca samba), samba de roda (sometimes also called rural samba), recognized as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO, amongst many other forms of samba, mostly originated in the Rio de Janeiro and Bahia states.
San Andrés (island)
San Andrés (San Andres) is a coral island in the Caribbean Sea.
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San Carlos de Bariloche Airport
San Carlos de Bariloche Airport (Aeropuerto de San Carlos de Bariloche), also known as Teniente Luis Candelaria Airport, is an international airport serving the city of San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
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San Salvador de Jujuy
San Salvador de Jujuy, commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina.
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Santa Catalina Island (Colombia)
Santa Catalina Island is a small Colombian island in the Caribbean Sea.
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Santa Catarina (state)
Santa Catarina is one of the 27 federative units of Brazil.
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Santa Cruz de la Sierra
Santa Cruz de la Sierra, commonly known as Santa Cruz, is the largest city in Bolivia and the capital of the Santa Cruz department.
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Santa Marta
Santa Marta, officially the Distrito Turístico, Cultural e Histórico de Santa Marta, is a port city on the coast of the Caribbean Sea in northern Colombia.
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Santiago
Santiago, also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas.
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Santiago Metro
The Santiago Metro (Metro de Santiago) is a rapid transit system serving the city of Santiago, the capital of Chile.
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Santiago Metropolitan Region
Santiago Metropolitan Region (Región Metropolitana de Santiago) is one of Chile's 16 first-order administrative divisions.
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Santo Daime
Santo Daime is a universalistic/syncretic religion founded in the 1930s in the Brazilian Amazonian state of Acre based on the teachings of Raimundo Irineu Serra, known as Mestre Irineu.
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Santos Dumont Airport
Santos Dumont Airport is the second major airport serving Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Santos, São Paulo
Santos (Saints), officially Municipality of Estancia Balneária de Santos is a municipality in the Brazilian state of São Paulo, founded in 1546 by the Portuguese nobleman Brás Cubas.
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Sápara
The Sápara, also known as Zápara or Záparo, are an indigenous people native to the Amazon rainforest along the border of Ecuador and Peru.
São Paulo
São Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil and the capital of the state of São Paulo.
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São Paulo (state)
São Paulo is one of the 26 states of the Federative Republic of Brazil and is named after Saint Paul of Tarsus.
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São Paulo macrometropolis
The São Paulo Macrometropolis (Macrometrópole de São Paulo) or São Paulo Megalopolis (Megalópole de São Paulo), also known as Expanded Metropolitan Complex (Complexo Metropolitano Expandido), is a Brazilian megalopolis that emerged through the existing process of conurbation between the São Paulo's metropolitan areas located around the Greater São Paulo, with more than 30 million inhabitants, or 74 percent of São Paulo State's population, and is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.
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São Paulo Metro
The São Paulo Metro (Metrô de São Paulo), commonly called the Metrô, is a rapid transit system that forms part of the urban railways that serves the city of São Paulo, alongside the São Paulo Metropolitan Trains Company (CPTM), both forming the largest metropolitan rail transport network of Latin America.
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São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport
São Paulo/Guarulhos–Governor André Franco Montoro International Airport, commonly known as São Paulo/Guarulhos International Airport, is the primary international airport serving São Paulo.
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São Paulo–Congonhas Airport
São Paulo/Congonhas–Deputado Freitas Nobre Airport is one of the four commercial airports serving São Paulo, Brazil.
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Scotia Plate
The Scotia Plate is a minor tectonic plate on the edge of the South Atlantic and Southern oceans.
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Second French Empire
The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was an Imperial Bonapartist regime, ruled by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Napoleon III) from 14 January 1852 to 27 October 1870, between the Second and the Third French Republics.
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Selk'nam people
The Selk'nam, also known as the Onawo or Ona people, are an indigenous people in the Patagonian region of southern Argentina and Chile, including the Tierra del Fuego islands.
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Semi-arid climate
A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type.
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Sertanejo music
Música sertaneja or sertanejo is a music style that had its origins in the countryside of Brazil in the 1920s.
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Shinto
Shinto is a religion originating in Japan.
Shipibo-Conibo
The Shipibo-Conibo are an indigenous people along the Ucayali River in the Amazon rainforest in Peru.
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Shuar
The Shuar, also known as Jivaro, are an indigenous ethnic group that inhabits the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Amazonia.
Silvio Pettirossi International Airport
Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is an international airport in Luque, Paraguay, which serves Paraguay's capital city, Asunción, and indirectly serves the nearby city of Clorinda, Formosa, in Argentina.
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Simón Bolívar
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco (24July 178317December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire.
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Slave market
A slave market is a place where slaves are bought and sold.
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Slave ship
Slave ships were large cargo ships specially built or converted from the 17th to the 19th century for transporting slaves.
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Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by variola virus (often called smallpox virus), which belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus.
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Smilodon
Smilodon is a genus of felids belonging to the extinct subfamily Machairodontinae.
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Social inequality
Social inequality occurs when resources within a society are distributed unevenly, often as a result of inequitable allocation practices that create distinct unequal patterns based on socially defined categories of people.
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Solar irradiance
Solar irradiance is the power per unit area (surface power density) received from the Sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range of the measuring instrument.
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Sorghum
Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum and also known as great millet, broomcorn, guinea corn, durra, imphee, jowar, or milo, is a species in the grass genus Sorghum cultivated for its grain.
South American Cricket Championship
The South American Cricket Championship (Spanish: Campeonato Sudamericano de Críquet; Portuguese: Campeonato Sul-Americano de Críquete) is an international limited-overs cricket tournament featuring national teams from South America and other invited national sides from outside South America, currently played annually but until 2013 was usually played every two years.
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South American cuisine
South American cuisine has many influences, due to the ethnic fusion of South America.
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South American dreadnought race
A naval arms race among Argentina, Brazil, and Chile—the wealthiest and most powerful countries in South America—began in the early twentieth century when the Brazilian government ordered three dreadnoughts, formidable battleships whose capabilities far outstripped older vessels in the world's navies.
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South American Games
The South American Games (also known as ODESUR Games; Spanish: Juegos Suramericanos; Portuguese: Jogos Sul-Americanos), formerly the Southern Cross Games (Spanish: Juegos Cruz del Sur) is a regional multi-sport event held between nations from South America, organized by the ODESUR (acronym for "Organización Deportiva Suramericana" – South American Sports Organization.
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South American native ungulates
South American native ungulates, commonly abbreviated as SANUs, are extinct ungulate-like mammals of controversial affinities that were indigenous to South America from the Paleocene (from at least 63 million years ago) until the end of the Late Pleistocene (~12,000 years ago).
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South American Plate
The South American Plate is a major tectonic plate which includes the continent of South America as well as a sizable region of the Atlantic Ocean seabed extending eastward to the African Plate, with which it forms the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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South Atlantic tropical cyclone
South Atlantic tropical cyclones are unusual weather events that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.
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South Georgia
South Georgia is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean that is part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
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South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) is a British Overseas Territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean.
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South Region, Brazil
The South Region of Brazil (Região Sul do Brasil) is one of the five regions of Brazil.
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South Sandwich Islands
The South Sandwich Islands (Islas Sandwich del Sur) are a chain of uninhabited volcanic islands in the South Atlantic Ocean.
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South Sandwich Plate
The South Sandwich Plate or the Sandwich Plate is a small tectonic plate (microplate) bounded by the subducting South American Plate to the east, the Antarctic Plate to the south, and the Scotia Plate to the west.
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Southeast Region, Brazil
The Southeast Region of Brazil (Região Sudeste do Brasil) is composed of the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
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Southern Cone
The Southern Cone (Cono Sur, Cone Sul) is a geographical and cultural subregion composed of the southernmost areas of South America, mostly south of the Tropic of Capricorn.
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Southern Hemisphere
The Southern Hemisphere is the half (hemisphere) of Earth that is south of the Equator.
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Southern Quechua
Southern Quechua (Urin qichwa, quechua sureño), or simply Quechua (Qichwa or Qhichwa), is the most widely spoken of the major regional groupings of mutually intelligible dialects within the Quechua language family, with about 6.9 million speakers.
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Soybean
The soybean, soy bean, or soya bean (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.
Spaniards
Spaniards, or Spanish people, are a people native to Spain.
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Spanish American wars of independence
The Spanish American wars of independence (Guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas) took place throughout Spanish America during the early 19th century, with the aim of political independence from Spanish rule.
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Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
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Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Sport in South America
Association football is the most popular sport in almost all South American countries.
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Sranan Tongo
Sranan Tongo (Sranantongo "Surinamese tongue", Sranan, Surinaams, Surinamese, Surinamese Creole) is an English-based creole language that is spoken as a lingua franca by approximately 519,600 people in Suriname.
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Stanley, Falkland Islands
Stanley (also known as Port Stanley) is the capital city of the Falkland Islands.
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Statista
Statista (styled in all lower case) is a German online platform that specializes in data gathering and visualization.
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Stephen D. Behrendt
Stephen D. Behrendt is a historian at Victoria University Wellington who specialises in the transatlantic slave trade.
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Suape Port
Suape Port is one of the main ports of Brazil and Latin America.
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Subtropics
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics.
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Sucre
Sucre is the de jure capital city of Bolivia, the capital of the Chuquisaca Department and the sixth most populous city in Bolivia.
Sugarcane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, perennial grass (in the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production.
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Sulfur
Sulfur (also spelled sulphur in British English) is a chemical element; it has symbol S and atomic number 16.
Sunflower seed
A sunflower seed is a seed from a sunflower (Helianthus annuus).
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Surinam (Dutch colony)
Surinam (Suriname), also unofficially known as Dutch Guiana, was a Dutch plantation colony in the Guianas, bordered by the equally Dutch colony of Berbice to the west, and the French colony of Cayenne to the east.
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Surinam (English colony)
Surinam, also known as Willoughbyland, was a short-lived early English colony in South America in what is now Suriname.
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Suriname
Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname (Republiek Suriname), is a country in northern South America, sometimes considered part of the Caribbean and the West Indies.
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Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)
Suriname was a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands between 1954 and 1975.
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Syrians
Syrians (سوريون) are the majority inhabitants of Syria, indigenous to the Levant, who have Arabic, especially its Levantine dialect, as a mother tongue.
Tangerine
The tangerine is a type of citrus fruit that is orange in color, that is considered either a variety of Citrus reticulata, the mandarin orange, or a closely related species, under the name Citrus tangerina, or yet as a hybrid (Citrus × tangerina) of mandarin orange varieties, with some pomelo contribution.
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Tango
Tango is a partner dance and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata, the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay.
Tango music
Tango is a style of music in 4 time that originated among European and African immigrant populations of Argentina and Uruguay (collectively, the "Rioplatenses").
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Tapir
Tapirs are large, herbivorous mammals belonging to the family Tapiridae.
Tariff
A tariff is a tax imposed by the government of a country or by a supranational union on imports or exports of goods.
Tayrona National Natural Park
The Tayrona National Natural Park (Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona) is a protected area in the Colombian northern Caribbean region and within the jurisdiction of the city of Santa Marta, from the city centre.
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Teddy Cobeña
Teddy Cobeña Loor (born 16 April 1973) is a figurative expressionist sculptor with a surrealist component.
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Tereré
Tereré (of Guaraní origin) is an infusion of yerba mate (botanical name Ilex paraguariensis) prepared with cold water, a lot of ice and pohá ñaná (medicinal herbs), and in a slightly larger vessel.
Terrace (earthworks)
In agriculture, a terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming.
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Textile industry
The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design, production and distribution of textiles: yarn, cloth and clothing.
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The Crown
The Crown broadly represents the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of the Commonwealth realms and their subdivisions (such as the Crown Dependencies, overseas territories, provinces, or states).
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The Guianas
The Guianas, also spelled Guyanas or Guayanas, is a region in north-eastern South America.
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The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
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Thermoelectric effect
The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple.
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Three Gorges Dam
The Three Gorges Dam is a hydroelectric gravity dam that spans the Yangtze River near Sandouping in Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei province, central China, downstream of the Three Gorges.
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Tierra del Fuego
Tierra del Fuego (Spanish for "Land of Fire", rarely also Fireland in English) is an archipelago off the southernmost tip of the South American mainland, across the Strait of Magellan.
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Tin
Tin is a chemical element; it has symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Titan beetle
The titan beetle (Titanus giganteus) is a Neotropical longhorn beetle, the sole species in the genus Titanus, and one of the largest known beetles, as well as one of the largest known insects, at over in length.
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Tiwanaku
Tiwanaku (Tiahuanaco or Tiahuanacu) is a Pre-Columbian archaeological site in western Bolivia, near Lake Titicaca, about 70 kilometers from La Paz, and it is one of the largest sites in South America.
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Tobago
Tobago is an island and ward within the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
Tondero
Tondero is a dance and guitar rhythm from Peru that developed in the country's northern coastal region (Piura–Lambayeque).
Topaz
Topaz is a silicate mineral made of aluminum and fluorine with the chemical formula AlSiO(F, OH).
Topography
Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.
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Total war
Total war is a type of warfare that includes any and all (including civilian-associated) resources and infrastructure as legitimate military targets, mobilises all of the resources of society to fight the war, and gives priority to warfare over non-combatant needs.
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Tourmaline
Tourmaline is a crystalline silicate mineral group in which boron is compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium.
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Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil
The Portuguese royal court transferred from Lisbon to the Portuguese colony of Brazil in a strategic retreat of Queen Maria I of Portugal, prince regent John, the Braganza royal family, its court, and senior officials, totaling nearly 10,000 people, on 27 November 1807.
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Treaty of the Triple Alliance
The Treaty of the Triple Alliance was a treaty that allied the Empire of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay against Paraguay.
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Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in Tordesillas, Spain, on 7 June 1494, and ratified in Setúbal, Portugal, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile, along a meridian 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, off the west coast of Africa.
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Trelew
Trelew (from tref "town" and the name of the founder, Lewis Jones) is a city in the eastern part of the Chubut Province of Argentina.
Trindade and Martim Vaz
Trindade and Martim Vaz (Trindade e Martim Vaz) is an archipelago located in the South Atlantic Ocean about east off the coast of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, of which it forms a part.
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Trinidad
Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago.
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Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean region of North America.
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Tropical forest
Tropical forests are forested ecoregions with tropical climates – that is, land areas approximately bounded by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds.
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Tropical rainforest climate
A tropical rainforest climate or equatorial climate is a tropical climate sub-type usually found within 10 to 15 degrees latitude of the equator.
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Tropics
The tropics are the regions of Earth surrounding the Equator.
Tucuruí Dam
The Tucuruí Dam (Tucuruí means "grasshopper's water", translated from Tupí language; Tucuruí) is a concrete gravity dam on the Tocantins River located on the Tucuruí County in the State of Pará, Brazil.
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Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena
Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena is a biodiversity hotspot, which includes the tropical moist forests and tropical dry forests of the Pacific coast of South America and the Galapagos Islands.
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Tungsten
Tungsten (also called wolfram) is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74.
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Tupi people
The Tupi people, a subdivision of the Tupi-Guarani linguistic families, were one of the largest groups of indigenous peoples in Brazil before its colonization.
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Typhus
Typhus, also known as typhus fever, is a group of infectious diseases that include epidemic typhus, scrub typhus, and murine typhus.
Umbanda
Umbanda is a religion that emerged in Brazil in the 1920s.
Uncontacted peoples
Uncontacted peoples are groups of indigenous peoples living without sustained contact with neighbouring communities and the world community.
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Union of South American Nations
The Union of South American Nations (USAN), sometimes also referred to as the South American Union, abbreviated in Spanish as UNASUR and in Portuguese as UNASUL, is an intergovernmental regional organization.
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Unitarian Party
Unitarianists or Unitarians (in Spanish, Unitarios) were the proponents of the concept of a unitary state (centralized government) in Buenos Aires during the civil wars that shortly followed the Declaration of Independence of Argentina in 1816.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was a sovereign state in Northwestern Europe that was established by the union in 1801 of the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland.
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United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was a pluricontinental monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony named State of Brazil to the status of a kingdom and by the simultaneous union of that Kingdom of Brazil with the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of the Algarves, constituting a single state consisting of three kingdoms.
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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC; French: Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime) is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna, adopting the current name in 2002.
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United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
The United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (Provincias Unidas del Río de la Plata), earlier known as the United Provinces of South America (Provincias Unidas de Sudamérica), was a name adopted in 1816 by the Congress of Tucumán for the region of South America that declared independence in 1816, with the Sovereign Congress taking place in 1813, during the Argentine War of Independence (1810–1818) that began with the May Revolution in 1810.
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Urarina
The Urarina are an indigenous people of the Peruvian Amazon Basin (Loreto) who inhabit the valleys of the Chambira, Urituyacu, and Corrientes Rivers.
Uruguay
Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a country in South America.
Uruguayan Civil War
The Uruguayan Civil War, also known in Spanish as the Guerra Grande ("Great War"), was a series of armed conflicts between the leaders of Uruguayan independence.
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Uruguayan War
The Uruguayan War (10 August 1864 – 20 February 1865) was fought between Uruguay's governing Blanco Party and an alliance consisting of the Empire of Brazil and the Uruguayan Colorado Party, covertly supported by Argentina.
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Ushuaia
Ushuaia is the capital of Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur Province, Argentina.
Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport
Ushuaia – Malvinas Argentinas International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Ushuaia Malvinas Argentinas) is located south of the center of Ushuaia, a city on the island of Tierra del Fuego in the Tierra del Fuego Province of Argentina.
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UTC−02:00
UTC−02:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −02:00.
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UTC−05:00
UTC−05:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −05:00.
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Valdés Peninsula
The Valdes Peninsula (Spanish: Península Valdés) is a peninsula into the Atlantic Ocean in the Viedma Department of north-east Chubut Province, Argentina.
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Vallenato
Vallenato, is a popular folk music genre from Colombia.
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Valparaíso
Valparaíso is a major city, commune, seaport and naval base facility in Valparaíso Region, Chile.
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Vehicle
A vehicle is a machine designed for self-propulsion, usually to transport people, cargo, or both.
Venezuela
Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.
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Viceroyalty of Peru
The Viceroyalty of Peru (Virreinato del Perú), officially known as the Kingdom of Peru, was a Spanish imperial provincial administrative district, created in 1542, that originally contained modern-day Peru and most of the Spanish Empire in South America, governed from the capital of Lima.
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Vicuña
The vicuña (Lama vicugna) or vicuna (both, very rarely spelled vicugna, its former genus name) is one of the two wild South American camelids, which live in the high alpine areas of the Andes, the other being the guanaco, which lives at lower elevations.
Viracopos International Airport
Viracopos/Campinas International Airport (sometimes referred to as São Paulo/Campinas or São Paulo/Viracopos) is an international airport serving the municipality of Campinas, in the state of São Paulo.
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Viru Viru International Airport
Viru Viru International Airport in Santa Cruz de la Sierra is Bolivia's largest international airport.
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Volcanic island
Geologically, a volcanic island is an island of volcanic origin.
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W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute
The W. E. B. Du Bois Research Institute, formerly the W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African-American Research, is part of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research located at Harvard University.
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Wai-wai people
The Wai-wai (also written Waiwai or Wai Wai) are a Carib-speaking Indigenous people of Guyana and northern Brazil.
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War of the Confederation
The War of the Confederation (Guerra de la Confederación) was a military confrontation waged by the United Restoration Army, the alliance of the land and naval forces of Chile and the Restoration Army of Peru, formed in 1836 by Peruvian soldiers opposed to the confederation, and the Argentine Confederation against the Peru–Bolivian Confederation between 1836 and 1839.
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War of the Pacific
The War of the Pacific (Guerra del Pacífico), also known as the Nitrate War (Guerra del salitre) and by multiple other names, was a war between Chile and a Bolivian–Peruvian alliance from 1879 to 1884.
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Wari culture
The Wari (Huari) were a Middle Horizon civilization that flourished in the south-central Andes and coastal area of modern-day Peru, from about 500 to 1000 AD.
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Watermelon
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is a flowering plant species of the Cucurbitaceae family and the name of its edible fruit.
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Waterway
A waterway is any navigable body of water.
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Wayuu language
Wayuu (Wayuunaiki), or Guajiro, is a major Arawakan language spoken by 400,000 indigenous Wayuu people in northwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia on the Guajira Peninsula and surrounding Lake Maracaibo.
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Wayuu people
The Wayuu (also Wayu, Wayú, Guajiro, Wahiro) are an Indigenous ethnic group of the Guajira Peninsula in northernmost Colombia and northwest Venezuela.
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Welsh language
Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people.
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Western culture
Western culture, also known as Western civilization, European civilization, Occidental culture, or Western society, includes the diverse heritages of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, belief systems, political systems, artifacts and technologies of the Western world.
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Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian—which crosses Greenwich, London, England—and east of the 180th meridian.
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White people
White (often still referred to as Caucasian) is a racial classification of people generally used for those of mostly European ancestry.
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Wind power
Wind power is the use of wind energy to generate useful work.
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Wind shear
Wind shear /ʃɪr/ (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere.
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World
The world is the totality of entities, the whole of reality, or everything that exists.
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
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World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
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World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
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Xukuru people
The Xukuru (Xucuru) are an indigenous people of Brazil, with a population of approximately 8,500, living in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil.
See South America and Xukuru people
Yagua
Yagua are an indigenous people in Colombia and northeastern Peru, numbering approximately 6,000.
Yahgan people
The Yahgan (also called Yagán, Yaghan, Yámana, Yamana, or Tequenica) are a group of indigenous peoples in the Southern Cone of South America.
See South America and Yahgan people
Yanomami
The Yanomami, also spelled Yąnomamö or Yanomama, are a group of approximately 35,000 indigenous people who live in some 200–250 villages in the Amazon rainforest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil.
See South America and Yanomami
Yerba mate
Yerba mate or yerba-maté (Ilex paraguariensis; from Spanish; erva-mate, or; ka'a) is a plant species of the holly genus Ilex native to South America.
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Youth Olympic Games
The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) is an international multi-sport event for athletes between 15 and 18 years old, organized by the International Olympic Committee.
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Zambo
Zambo or Sambu is a racial term historically used in the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed Amerindian and African ancestry.
Zárate, Buenos Aires
Zárate is a port city in the northeast of the.
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Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
Zulia
Zulia State (Estado Zulia,; Wayuu: Mma’ipakat Suuria) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.
1998–2002 Argentine great depression
The 1998–2002 Argentine great depression was an economic depression in Argentina, which began in the third quarter of 1998 and lasted until the second quarter of 2002.
See South America and 1998–2002 Argentine great depression
2016 Summer Olympics
The 2016 Summer Olympics (Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016), officially the Games of the XXXI Olympiad (Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada) and officially branded as Rio 2016, were an international multi-sport event held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August.
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30th parallel south
The 30th parallel south is a circle of latitude that is 30 degrees south of the Earth's equator.
See South America and 30th parallel south
See also
Continents
- Africa
- Americas
- Antarctica
- Asia
- Australia (continent)
- Boundaries between the continents
- Continent
- Continental fragment
- Continental shelves
- Continental unions
- Europe
- Four continents
- Indian subcontinent
- List of paleocontinents
- North America
- Oceania
- Paleocontinent
- Sahul
- South America
- Stokes Magnetic Anomaly
- Submerged continent
- Subregion
- Supercontinent
- Supercontinents
- Transcontinental railroad
- Zealandia
References
Also known as América do Sul, Aouth america, Infrastructure in South America, List of national capitals in South America, Politics of South America, Prehistory of South America, S America, S. America, Slavery in South America, South America (continent), South America (region), South American, South American capital cities, South American continent, South Americans, South Americas, South Amerika, South-America, South-American, Southamerica, Southamerican, Southamericans, Southern America, Suramérica, Tourism in South America, Transport in South America.
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Sites in South America, Lithium, Llama, Llanos, Longitude, Los Roques Archipelago, Machado de Assis, Machu Picchu, Maize, Manganese, Mango, Mapuche, Mapuche language, Mar del Plata, Maracaibo, Marechal Rondon International Airport, Margarita Island, Mario Vargas Llosa, Mariscal Sucre International Airport, Marrano, Martín Miguel de Güemes International Airport, Marxism, Matarani, Mate (drink), Mato Grosso, Matsés, Max Roser, Measles, Medellín, Mediterranean climate, Mediterranean Sea, Megafauna, Megalopolis, Mejillones, Mercosur, Meridian (geography), Mestizo, Metropolitan Area of Bogotá, Metropolitan Region of Caracas, Mi Teleférico, Michael Conniff, Middle latitudes, Milk, Minas Gerais, Ministro Pistarini International Airport, Mit'a, Moche culture, Molybdenum, Monarchy of the United Kingdom, Monte Verde, Montevideo, Morenada, Motorsport, Muisca, Muisca Confederation, Mulatto, Music of Brazil, Music of Latin America, Napoleonic Wars, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, National Geographic 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conflict, Petroleum, Phenotype, Photovoltaics, Pineapple, Pink tide, Piranha, Pisco, Platine War, Plum, Political prisoner, Polo, Port, Port of Buenos Aires, Port of Itajaí, Port of Paranaguá, Port of Rio de Janeiro, Port of Rio Grande, Port of Rosario, Port of Santos, Port of São Francisco do Sul, Portugal, Portuguese colonization of the Americas, Portuguese language, Portuguese people, Potash, Prefectures in France, Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport, Presidente Perón International Airport, Presidential system, Pressurized water reactor, Protestantism, Providencia Island, Colombia, Puerto Bolívar, Colombia, Puerto Montt, Puerto Toro, Pulp (paper), Punta del Este, Quechua people, Quechuan languages, Quinoa, Quito, Rafael Núñez International Airport, Ragamuffin War, Rawson, Chubut, Río de la Plata Basin, Recession, Recife, Recife/Guararapes–Gilberto Freyre International Airport, Regions of France, Religion in South America, Republic of Entre Ríos, Rhenium, Rio de 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