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201 relations: Adams–Onís Treaty, Adelantado, African Americans, Age of Discovery, Aguada, Puerto Rico, Ais people, Alabama, Alabama people, Alabama River, Alonso Álvarez de Pineda, Amelia Island, Amelia Island affair, American Revolutionary War, Americas, Andrew Ellicott, Andrew Jackson, Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763), Angola, Anhaica, Antonio de Montesinos, Apalachee, Apalachee massacre, Apalachee Province, Apalachicola River, Appalachian Mountains, Arkansas, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Álvaro Mexía, Ángel de Villafañe, Battle of Pensacola (1814), Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, Black Seminoles, Calusa, Cantino planisphere, Captaincy General of Cuba, Cartagena, Colombia, Catholic Church, Charles II of Spain, Charlesfort-Santa Elena Site, Charlotte Harbor, Florida, Chattahoochee River, Chesapeake Bay, Conquistador, Cross of Burgundy, Cuba, Diego Miruelo, Dominican Order, Dominique de Gourgue, East Florida, Encomienda, ..., European colonization of the Americas, Everglades, Filibuster (military), First Coast, Flag of Castile and León, Flag of Spain, Florida, Florida Keys, Florida Panhandle, Florida Parishes, Florida Territory, Fort Caroline, Fort Tombecbe, Fountain of Youth, Francis Drake, Franciscans, Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador), Francisco Pizarro, French Florida, French Wars of Religion, George Mathews (Georgia), Georgia (U.S. state), Great Smoky Mountains, Guale, Gulf Coast of the United States, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf Stream, Havana, Hernando de Soto, History of Florida, History of Pensacola, Florida, Huguenots, Indigenous peoples of Florida, Invasion of Georgia (1742), Jacksonville, Florida, James Moore (Governor), James Wilkinson, Jean Ribault, John Quincy Adams, Juan Ponce de León, Kansas, List of colonial governors of Florida, List of ethnic groups of Africa, Louisiana (New France), Louisiana (New Spain), Louisiana Purchase, Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, Luis Cáncer, Maize, Marcha Real, Maritime pilot, Matanzas Inlet, Memphis, Tennessee, Mestizo, Mississippi, Mississippi River, Mississippi Territory, Missouri, Mobile District, Mobile, Alabama, Mulatto, Muscogee, Narváez expedition, Natchez District, New Orleans, New Spain, Newfoundland (island), North Carolina, Ocmulgee River, Oklahoma, Oregon Country, Parris Island, South Carolina, Pascua Florida, Pánfilo de Narváez, Pánuco River, Peace of Paris (1783), Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Pensacola Bay, Pensacola, Florida, Philip II of Spain, Pinckney's Treaty, Piracy, Plus ultra, Ponce de Leon Inlet, Port Royal Sound, Portuguese discoveries, Presidio, Protestantism, Province of Carolina, Province of Georgia, Puerto Rico, Queen Anne's War, René Goulaine de Laudonnière, Republic of West Florida, Revolutionary republic, San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park, San Miguel de Guadalupe, Santa Elena (Spanish Florida), Santo Domingo, Sapelo Island, Savannah River, Secretary of state, Seminole, Seminole Wars, Seven Years' War, Siege of St. Augustine (1702), Siege of St. Augustine (1740), Slavery among the indigenous peoples of the Americas, Slavery in the United States, Society of Jesus, South Carolina, Southeastern United States, Southwest Florida, Spain and the American Revolutionary War, Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire, Spanish Empire, Spanish missions in Florida, Spanish missions in Georgia, Spanish missions in the Carolinas, Spanish West Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, St. Joseph Bay, Sublimis Deus, Suwannee River, Tallapoosas, Tampa Bay, Tennessee, Tequesta, Texas, The Bahamas, Timucua, Tocobaga, Treaty of Madrid (1670), Treaty of Paris (1763), Treaty of Paris (1783), Tristán de Luna y Arellano, United States Army, Vicksburg, Mississippi, Virginia, War of 1812, War of Jenkins' Ear, West Florida, West Florida Controversy, Winyah Bay, Withlacoochee River (Florida), Yamasee, Yamasee War, Yazoo River, Yucatán Peninsula, 31st parallel north. Expand index (151 more) »
Adams–Onís Treaty
The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty,Weeks, p.168.
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Adelantado
Adelantado (meaning "advanced") was a title held by Spanish nobles in service of their respective kings during the Middle Ages.
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African Americans
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.
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Age of Discovery
The Age of Discovery, or the Age of Exploration (approximately from the beginning of the 15th century until the end of the 18th century) is an informal and loosely defined term for the period in European history in which extensive overseas exploration emerged as a powerful factor in European culture and was the beginning of globalization.
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Aguada, Puerto Rico
Aguada (Watered) is a municipality of Puerto Rico (U.S.), located in the western coastal valley region bordering the Atlantic Ocean, east of Rincón, west of Aguadilla and Moca; and north of Anasco and Mayaguez.
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Ais people
The Ais or Ays were a tribe of Native Americans who inhabited the Atlantic Coast of Florida.
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Alabama
Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Alabama people
The Alabama or Alibamu (Albaamaha) are a Southeastern culture people of Native Americans, originally from Alabama.
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Alabama River
The Alabama River, in the U.S. state of Alabama, is formed by the Tallapoosa and Coosa rivers, which unite about north of Montgomery, near the suburb of Wetumpka.
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Alonso Álvarez de Pineda
Alonso Álvarez de Pineda (Aldeacentenera, 1494-2018) was a Spanish explorer and cartographer who was first documented in Texas history.
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Amelia Island
Amelia Island, in Nassau County, Florida, is the southernmost of the Sea Islands, a chain of barrier islands stretching along the east coast of the United States from South Carolina to Florida.
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Amelia Island affair
The Amelia Island affair was an episode in the history of Spanish Florida.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Americas
The Americas (also collectively called America)"America." The Oxford Companion to the English Language.
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Andrew Ellicott
Andrew Ellicott (January 24, 1754 – August 28, 1820) was a U.S. surveyor who helped map many of the territories west of the Appalachians, surveyed the boundaries of the District of Columbia, continued and completed Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's work on the plan for Washington, D.C., and served as a teacher in survey methods for Meriwether Lewis.
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Andrew Jackson
Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837.
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Anglo-Spanish War (1762–1763)
The Anglo–Spanish War (Spanish: Guerra Anglo-Española) was a military conflict fought between Britain and Spain as part of the Seven Years' War.
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Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in Southern Africa.
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Anhaica
Anhaica (also known as Iviahica, Yniahico, and pueblo of Apalache) was the principal town of the Apalachee people, located in what is now Tallahassee, Florida.
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Antonio de Montesinos
Antonio de Montesinos or Antonio Montesino (Spain, c. 1475 - Venezuela, 1545) was a Spanish Dominican friar who was a missionary on the island of Hispaniola (now the Dominican Republic and Haiti).
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Apalachee
The Apalachee are a Native American people who historically lived in the Florida Panhandle.
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Apalachee massacre
The Apalachee massacre was a series of raids by English colonists from the Province of Carolina and their Indian allies against a largely peaceful population of Apalachee Indians in northern Spanish Florida that took place during Queen Anne's War in 1704.
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Apalachee Province
Apalachee Province was the area in the Panhandle of the present-day U.S. state of Florida inhabited by the Native American peoples known as the Apalachee at the time of European contact.
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Apalachicola River
The Apalachicola River is a river, approximately 112 mi (180 km) long in the State of Florida.
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Appalachian Mountains
The Appalachian Mountains (les Appalaches), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.
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Arkansas
Arkansas is a state in the southeastern region of the United States, home to over 3 million people as of 2017.
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Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (Jerez de la Frontera, 1488/1490/1492"Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Núñez (1492?-1559?)." American Eras. Vol. 1: Early American Civilizations and Exploration to 1600. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 50-51. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.Seville, 1557/1558/1559/1560"Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 08 Dec. 2014.) was a Spanish explorer of the New World, and one of four survivors of the 1527 Narváez expedition.
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Álvaro Mexía
Alvaro Mexia was a 17th-century Spanish explorer and cartographer of the east coast of Florida.
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Ángel de Villafañe
Ángel de Villafañe (b. c. 1504) was a Spanish conquistador of Florida, Mexico, and Guatemala, and was an explorer, expedition leader, and ship captain (with Hernán Cortés), who worked with many 16th-century settlements and shipwrecks along the Gulf of Mexico.
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Battle of Pensacola (1814)
The Battle of Pensacola was a battle in the War of 1812 in which American forces fought against forces from the kingdoms of Britain and Spain, along with Creek Native Americans and African-American slaves allied with the British.
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Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park
Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Recreation Area occupies approximately the southern third of the island of Key Biscayne, at coordinates.
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Black Seminoles
The Black Seminoles are black Indians associated with the Seminole people in Florida and Oklahoma.
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Calusa
The Calusa were a Native American people of Florida's southwest coast.
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Cantino planisphere
The Cantino planisphere or Cantino world map is the earliest surviving map showing Portuguese geographic discoveries in the east and west.
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Captaincy General of Cuba
The Captaincy General of Cuba (Capitanía General de Cuba) was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire created in 1607 as part of Habsburg Spain's attempt to better defend the Caribbean against foreign powers, which also involved creating captaincies general in Puerto Rico, Guatemala and Yucatán.
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Cartagena, Colombia
The city of Cartagena, known in the colonial era as Cartagena de Indias (Cartagena de Indias), is a major port founded in 1533, located on the northern coast of Colombia in the Caribbean Coast Region.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Charles II of Spain
Charles II of Spain (Carlos II; 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), also known as El Hechizado or the Bewitched, was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire.
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Charlesfort-Santa Elena Site
The Charlesfort-Santa Elena Site is an important early colonial archaeological site on Parris Island, South Carolina.
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Charlotte Harbor, Florida
Charlotte Harbor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charlotte County, Florida, United States.
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Chattahoochee River
The Chattahoochee River forms the southern half of the Alabama and Georgia border, as well as a portion of the Florida border.
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Chesapeake Bay
The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary in the U.S. states of Maryland and Virginia.
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Conquistador
Conquistadors (from Spanish or Portuguese conquistadores "conquerors") is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.
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Cross of Burgundy
The Cross of Burgundy (Cruz de Borgoña; Aspa de Borgoña) or the Cross of Saint Andrew (Cruz de San Andrés), a form of St. Andrew's cross, was first used in the 15th century as an emblem by the Valois Dukes of Burgundy, who ruled a large part of eastern France and the Low Countries as effectively an independent state.
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Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.
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Diego Miruelo
Diego Miruelo, was an explorer and pilot who explored Florida's west coast in 1516.
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Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Praedicatorum, postnominal abbreviation OP), also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the Papal bull Religiosam vitam on 22 December 1216.
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Dominique de Gourgue
Dominique (or Domingue) de Gourgue (1530–1593) was a French nobleman and soldier.
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East Florida
East Florida (Florida Oriental) was a colony of Great Britain from 1763 to 1783 and a province of Spanish Florida from 1783 to 1821.
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Encomienda
Encomienda was a labor system in Spain and its empire.
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European colonization of the Americas
The European colonization of the Americas describes the history of the settlement and establishment of control of the continents of the Americas by most of the naval powers of Europe.
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Everglades
The Everglades is a natural region of tropical wetlands in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Florida, comprising the southern half of a large drainage basin and part of the neotropic ecozone.
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Filibuster (military)
A filibuster or freebooter, in the context of foreign policy, is someone who engages in an (at least nominally) unauthorized military expedition into a foreign country or territory to foment or support a revolution.
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First Coast
Florida's First Coast, or simply the First Coast, is a region of the U.S. state of Florida, located on the Atlantic coast of North Florida.
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Flag of Castile and León
The flag of Castile and León is the official flag of the Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León.
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Flag of Spain
The flag of Spain (Bandera de España, colloquially known as "la Rojigualda"), as it is defined in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, consists of three horizontal stripes: red, yellow and red, the yellow stripe being twice the size of each red stripe.
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Florida
Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.
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Florida Keys
The Florida Keys are a coral cay archipelago located off the southern coast of Florida, forming the southernmost portion of the continental United States.
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Florida Panhandle
The Florida Panhandle, an informal, unofficial term for the northwestern part of the U.S. state of Florida, is a strip of land roughly 200 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide (320 km by 80 to 160 km), lying between Alabama on the north and the west, Georgia also on the north, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south.
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Florida Parishes
The Florida Parishes (Parroquias de Florida, Paroisses de Floride), on the east side of Mississippi River — an area also known as the Northshore or Northlake region — are eight parishes in southeast Louisiana, United States, which were part of West Florida in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
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Florida Territory
The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30, 1822, until March 3, 1845, when it was admitted to the Union as the State of Florida.
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Fort Caroline
Fort Caroline was an attempted French colonial settlement in Florida, located on the banks of the St. Johns River in present-day Duval County.
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Fort Tombecbe
Fort Tombecbe (Fort de Tombecbé), also spelled Tombecbee and Tombeché, was a stockade fort located on the Tombigbee River near the border of French Louisiana, in what is now Sumter County, Alabama.
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Fountain of Youth
The Fountain of Youth is a spring that supposedly restores the youth of anyone who drinks or bathes in its waters.
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Francis Drake
Sir Francis Drake (– 28 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, slave trader, naval officer and explorer of the Elizabethan era.
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Franciscans
The Franciscans are a group of related mendicant religious orders within the Catholic Church, founded in 1209 by Saint Francis of Assisi.
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Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)
Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (died 1517) was a Spanish conquistador, known to history mainly for the ill-fated expedition he led in 1517, in the course of which the first European accounts of the Yucatán Peninsula were compiled.
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Francisco Pizarro
Francisco Pizarro González (– 26 June 1541) was a Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that conquered the Inca Empire.
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French Florida
French Florida (modern French: Floride française) was a colonial territory established by French Huguenot colonists in what is now Florida between 1562 and 1565.
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French Wars of Religion
The French Wars of Religion refers to a prolonged period of war and popular unrest between Roman Catholics and Huguenots (Reformed/Calvinist Protestants) in the Kingdom of France between 1562 and 1598.
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George Mathews (Georgia)
George Mathews (–) was a Continental Army officer during the American Revolutionary War and rose to the rank of brevet brigadier general; he was Governor of Georgia, and a U.S. Congressman.
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Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.
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Great Smoky Mountains
The Great Smoky Mountains are a mountain range rising along the Tennessee–North Carolina border in the southeastern United States.
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Guale
Guale was a historic Native American chiefdom of Mississippian culture peoples located along the coast of present-day Georgia and the Sea Islands.
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Gulf Coast of the United States
The Gulf Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Southern United States meets the Gulf of Mexico.
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Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.
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Gulf Stream
The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension the North Atlantic Drift, is a warm and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
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Havana
Havana (Spanish: La Habana) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba.
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Hernando de Soto
Hernando de Soto (1495 – May 21, 1542) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the first Spanish and European expedition deep into the territory of the modern-day United States (through Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and most likely Arkansas).
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History of Florida
The history of Florida can be traced to when the first Native Americans began to inhabit the peninsula as early as 14,000 years ago.
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History of Pensacola, Florida
The history of Pensacola, Florida begins long before the Spanish claimed founding of the modern city in 1698.
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Huguenots
Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.
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Indigenous peoples of Florida
The Indigenous peoples of Florida lived in what is now known as Florida for more than 12,000 years before the time of first contact with Europeans.
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Invasion of Georgia (1742)
The 1742 Invasion of Georgia was a military campaign by Spanish forces, based in Florida, which attempted to seize and occupy disputed territory held by the British colony of Georgia.
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Jacksonville, Florida
Jacksonville is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Florida and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States.
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James Moore (Governor)
James Moore (c. 1650 – 1706) was the English governor of colonial Carolina between 1700 and 1703.
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James Wilkinson
James Wilkinson (March 24, 1757 – December 28, 1825) was an American soldier and statesman, who was associated with several scandals and controversies.
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Jean Ribault
Jean Ribault (also spelled Ribaut) (1520 – October 12, 1565) was a French naval officer, navigator, and a colonizer of what would become the southeastern United States.
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John Quincy Adams
John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848) was an American statesman who served as a diplomat, minister and ambassador to foreign nations, and treaty negotiator, United States Senator, U.S. Representative (Congressman) from Massachusetts, and the sixth President of the United States from 1825 to 1829.
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Juan Ponce de León
Juan Ponce de León (1474 – July 1521) was a Spanish explorer and conquistador born in Santervás de Campos, Valladolid, Spain in 1474.
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Kansas
Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.
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List of colonial governors of Florida
The colonial governors of Florida governed Florida during its colonial period (before 1821).
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List of ethnic groups of Africa
The ethnic groups of Africa number in the thousands, with each population generally having its own language (or dialect of a language) and culture.
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Louisiana (New France)
Louisiana (La Louisiane; La Louisiane française) or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France.
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Louisiana (New Spain)
Louisiana (Luisiana, sometimes called Luciana In some Spanish texts of the time the name of Luciana appears instead of Louisiana, as is the case in the Plan of the Internal Provinces of New Spain made in 1817 by the Spanish militar José Caballero.) was the name of an administrative Spanish Governorate belonging to the Captaincy General of Cuba, part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1762 to 1802 that consisted of territory west of the Mississippi River basin, plus New Orleans.
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Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase (Vente de la Louisiane "Sale of Louisiana") was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory (828,000 square miles or 2.14 million km²) by the United States from France in 1803.
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Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón
Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón (c. 1475, probably Castile, Spain – 18 October 1526) was a Spanish explorer who in 1526 established the short-lived San Miguel de Guadalupe colony, the first European attempt at a settlement in what is now the continental United States.
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Luis Cáncer
Servant of God Luis Cáncer de Barbastro or Luis de Cáncer (1500 – June 26, 1549) was a Dominican priest and pioneer Spanish missionary to the New World.
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Maize
Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.
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Marcha Real
The "Marcha Real" ("Royal March") is the national anthem of Spain.
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Maritime pilot
A maritime pilot, also known as a marine pilot, harbor pilot or bar pilot and sometimes simply called a pilot, is a sailor who maneuvers ships through dangerous or congested waters, such as harbors or river mouths.
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Matanzas Inlet
Matanzas Inlet is a channel in Florida between two barrier islands and the mainland, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the south end of the Matanzas River.
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Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis is a city located along the Mississippi River in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee.
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Mestizo
Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Spain, Latin America, and the Philippines that originally referred a person of combined European and Native American descent, regardless of where the person was born.
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Mississippi
Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.
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Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.
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Mississippi Territory
The Territory of Mississippi was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from April 7, 1798, until December 10, 1817, when the western half of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Mississippi and the eastern half became the Alabama Territory until its admittance to the Union as the State of Alabama on December 14, 1819.
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Missouri
Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.
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Mobile District
The Mobile District was an administrative division of the Spanish colony of West Florida, which was claimed by the short-lived Republic of West Florida, established on September 23, 1810.
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Mobile, Alabama
Mobile is the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States.
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Mulatto
Mulatto is a term used to refer to people born of one white parent and one black parent or to people born of a mulatto parent or parents.
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Muscogee
The Muscogee, also known as the Mvskoke, Creek and the Muscogee Creek Confederacy, are a related group of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.
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Narváez expedition
The Narváez expedition was a Spanish journey of exploration and colonization started in 1527 that intended to establish colonial settlements and garrisons in Florida.
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Natchez District
The Natchez District was one of two areas established in the Kingdom of Great Britain's West Florida colony during the 1770sthe other being the Tombigbee District.
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New Orleans
New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.
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New Spain
The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de la Nueva España) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
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Newfoundland (island)
Newfoundland (Terre-Neuve) is a large Canadian island off the east coast of the North American mainland, and the most populous part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
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North Carolina
North Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Ocmulgee River
; The Ocmulgee River (ok-MUHL-gee) is a western tributary of the Altamaha River, approximately 255 mi (410 km) long, in the U.S. state of Georgia.
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Oklahoma
Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.
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Oregon Country
The Oregon Country was a predominantly American term referring to a disputed region of the Pacific Northwest of North America.
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Parris Island, South Carolina
Parris Island is a former census-designated place (CDP) in Beaufort County, South Carolina, United States.
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Pascua Florida
Pascua Florida is a Spanish term that means flowery festival or feast of flowers.
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Pánfilo de Narváez
Pánfilo de Narváez (147?–1528) was a Spanish conquistador and soldier in the Americas.
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Pánuco River
The Pánuco River (Río Pánuco), also known as the Río de Canoas, is a river in Mexico fed by several tributaries including the Moctezuma River and emptying into the Gulf of Mexico.
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Peace of Paris (1783)
The Peace of Paris of 1783 was the set of treaties which ended the American Revolutionary War.
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Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
Pedro Menéndez de Avilés (15 February 1519 – 17 September 1574) was a Spanish admiral and explorer from the region of Asturias, Spain, who is remembered for planning the first regular trans-oceanic convoys and for founding St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565.
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Pensacola Bay
Pensacola Bay is a bay located in the northwestern part of Florida, United States, known as the Florida Panhandle.
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Pensacola, Florida
Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle, approximately from the border with Alabama, and the county seat of Escambia County, in the U.S. state of Florida.
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Philip II of Spain
Philip II (Felipe II; 21 May 1527 – 13 September 1598), called "the Prudent" (el Prudente), was King of Spain (1556–98), King of Portugal (1581–98, as Philip I, Filipe I), King of Naples and Sicily (both from 1554), and jure uxoris King of England and Ireland (during his marriage to Queen Mary I from 1554–58).
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Pinckney's Treaty
Pinckney's Treaty, also commonly known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo or the Treaty of Madrid, was signed in San Lorenzo de El Escorial on October 27, 1795 and established intentions of friendship between the United States and Spain.
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Piracy
Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable items or properties.
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Plus ultra
Plus ultra ("Further beyond") is a Latin motto and the national motto of Spain.
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Ponce de Leon Inlet
The Ponce de Leon Inlet is a natural opening in the barrier islands in central Florida that connects the north end of the Mosquito Lagoon and the south end of the Halifax River to the Atlantic Ocean.
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Port Royal Sound
Port Royal Sound is a coastal sound, or inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, located in the Sea Islands region, in Beaufort County in the U.S. state of South Carolina.
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Portuguese discoveries
Portuguese discoveries (Portuguese: Descobrimentos portugueses) are the numerous territories and maritime routes discovered by the Portuguese as a result of their intensive maritime exploration during the 15th and 16th centuries.
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Presidio
A presidio (from the Spanish, presidio, meaning "jail" or "fortification") is a fortified base established by the Spanish in areas under their control or influence.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Province of Carolina
The Province of Carolina was an English and later a British colony of North America.
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Province of Georgia
The Province of Georgia (also Georgia Colony) was one of the Southern colonies in British America.
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Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.
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Queen Anne's War
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) was the North American theater of the War of the Spanish Succession, as known in the British colonies, and the second in a series of French and Indian Wars fought between France and England in North America for control of the continent.
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René Goulaine de Laudonnière
Rene Goulaine de Laudonnière (c. 1529–1574) was a French Huguenot explorer and the founder of the French colony of Fort Caroline in what is now Jacksonville, Florida.
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Republic of West Florida
The Republic of West Florida (República de Florida Occidental, République de Floride occidentale) was a short-lived republic in the western region of Spanish West Florida for several months during 1810.
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Revolutionary republic
A revolutionary republic is a form of government whose main tenets are popular sovereignty, rule of law, and representative democracy.
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San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park
San Marcos de Apalache Historic State Park is a Florida State Park in Wakulla County, Florida organized around the historic site of a Spanish colonial fort (known as Fort St. Marks by the English and Americans), which was used by succeeding nations that controlled the area.
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San Miguel de Guadalupe
San Miguel de Guadalupe, founded in 1526 by Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón,In early 1521, Ponce de León had made a poorly documented, disastrous attempt to plant a colony near Charlotte Harbor, Florida but was quickly repulsed by the native Calusa.
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Santa Elena (Spanish Florida)
Santa Elena, a Spanish settlement on what is now Parris Island, South Carolina, was the capital of Spanish Florida from 1566 to 1587.
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Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo (meaning "Saint Dominic"), officially Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic and the largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean by population.
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Sapelo Island
Sapelo Island is a state-protected barrier island located in McIntosh County, Georgia.
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Savannah River
The Savannah River is a major river in the southeastern United States, forming most of the border between the states of South Carolina and Georgia.
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Secretary of state
The title secretary of state or state secretary is commonly used for senior or mid-level posts in governments around the world.
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Seminole
The Seminole are a Native American people originally from Florida.
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Seminole Wars
The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between the Seminole, a Native American tribe that formed in Florida in the early 18th century, and the United States Army.
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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.
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Siege of St. Augustine (1702)
The Siege of St.
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Siege of St. Augustine (1740)
The Siege of St.
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Slavery among the indigenous peoples of the Americas
Slavery among the indigenous peoples of the Americas took many forms throughout North and South America.
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Slavery in the United States
Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries.
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Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.
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South Carolina
South Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Southeastern United States
The Southeastern United States (Sureste de Estados Unidos, Sud-Est des États-Unis) is the eastern portion of the Southern United States, and the southern portion of the Eastern United States.
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Southwest Florida
Southwest Florida is the region along the southwest Gulf coast of the U.S. State of Florida.
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Spain and the American Revolutionary War
Spain's role in the independence of the United States was part of its dispute over colonial supremacy with the Kingdom of Great Britain.
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Spanish colonization of the Americas
The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish conquistadors.
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Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.
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Spanish missions in Florida
Beginning in the second half of the 16th century, the Kingdom of Spain established a number of missions throughout ''La Florida'' in order to convert the Indians to Christianity, to facilitate control of the area, and to prevent its colonization by other countries, in particular, England and France.
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Spanish missions in Georgia
The Spanish missions in Georgia comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics in order to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans.
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Spanish missions in the Carolinas
The Spanish missions in the Carolinas were part of a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholics in order to spread the Christian doctrine among the local Native Americans.
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Spanish West Florida
Spanish West Florida (Spanish: Florida Occidental) was a province of the Spanish Empire from 1783 until 1821, when both it and East Florida were ceded to the United States.
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St. Augustine, Florida
St.
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St. Joseph Bay
St.
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Sublimis Deus
Sublimis Deus (English: The sublime God; erroneously cited as Sublimus Dei) is a papal encyclical promulgated by Pope Paul III on June 2, 1537, which forbids the enslavement of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (called Indians of the West and the South) and all other people.
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Suwannee River
The Suwannee River (also spelled Suwanee River) is a major river that runs through South Georgia southward into Florida in the southern United States.
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Tallapoosas
The Tallapoosas were a division of the Upper Creeks in the Muscogee Confederacy.
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Tampa Bay
Tampa Bay is a large natural harbor and shallow estuary connected to the Gulf of Mexico on the west central coast of Florida, comprising Hillsborough Bay, McKay Bay, Old Tampa Bay, Middle Tampa Bay, and Lower Tampa Bay.
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Tennessee
Tennessee (translit) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States.
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Tequesta
The Tequesta (also Tekesta, Tegesta, Chequesta, Vizcaynos) Native American tribe, at the time of first European contact, occupied an area along the southeastern Atlantic coast of Florida.
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
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The Bahamas
The Bahamas, known officially as the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an archipelagic state within the Lucayan Archipelago.
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Timucua
The Timucua were a Native American people who lived in Northeast and North Central Florida and southeast Georgia.
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Tocobaga
Tocobaga (occasionally Tocopaca) was the name of a chiefdom, its chief, and its principal town during the 16th century.
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Treaty of Madrid (1670)
The Treaty of Madrid (also known as the Godolphin Treaty) adopted in July 1670 was a treaty between England and Spain 'for the settlement of all disputes in America '. The treaty officially ended the fifteen year long war in the Caribbean in which England had conquered Jamaica.
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Treaty of Paris (1763)
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.
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Treaty of Paris (1783)
The Treaty of Paris, signed in Paris by representatives of King George III of Great Britain and representatives of the United States of America on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War.
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Tristán de Luna y Arellano
Tristán de Luna y Arellano (1519 – September 16, 1573) was a Spanish explorer and Conquistador of the 16th century.
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United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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Vicksburg, Mississippi
Vicksburg is the only city in, and county seat of Warren County, Mississippi, United States.
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Virginia
Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.
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War of 1812
The War of 1812 was a conflict fought between the United States, the United Kingdom, and their respective allies from June 1812 to February 1815.
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War of Jenkins' Ear
The War of Jenkins' Ear (known as Guerra del Asiento in Spain) was a conflict between Britain and Spain lasting from 1739 to 1748, with major operations largely ended by 1742.
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West Florida
West Florida (Florida Occidental) was a region on the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico that underwent several boundary and sovereignty changes during its history.
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West Florida Controversy
The West Florida Controversy refers to two border disputes that involved Spain and the United States in relation to the region known as West Florida over a period of 37 years.
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Winyah Bay
Winyah Bay is a coastal estuary that is the confluence of the Waccamaw River, the Pee Dee River, the Black River, and the Sampit River in Georgetown County, in eastern South Carolina.
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Withlacoochee River (Florida)
The Withlacoochee River (or Crooked River) originates in central Florida's Green Swamp, east of Polk City.
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Yamasee
The Yamasee were a multiethnic confederation of Native Americans who lived in the coastal region of present-day northern coastal Georgia near the Savannah River and later in northeastern Florida.
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Yamasee War
The Yamasee or Yemassee War (1715–1717) was a conflict between British settlers of colonial South Carolina and various Native American tribes, including the Yamasee, Muscogee, Cherokee, Catawba, Apalachee, Apalachicola, Yuchi, Savannah River Shawnee, Congaree, Waxhaw, Pee Dee, Cape Fear, Cheraw, and others.
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Yazoo River
The Yazoo River is a river in the U.S. state of Mississippi.
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Yucatán Peninsula
The Yucatán Peninsula (Península de Yucatán), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel.
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31st parallel north
The 31st parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 31 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_Florida
