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225 relations: Adelantado, Alonso de Molina, Alonso Hernández Puertocarrero, Altepetl, Amaranth, Anales de Tlatelolco, Anthony Pagden, Anthropological Quarterly, Antonio de Mendoza, Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Arawak, Arquebus, Axayacatl, Aztec Empire, Aztec influence in Spain, Aztec mythology, Aztec religion, Aztec warfare, Aztecs, Ángel María Garibay K., Bartolomé de las Casas, Battle of Otumba, BBC, Bernal Díaz del Castillo, Bernardino de Sahagún, Brian McCardie, Brigantine, Cabildo (council), Cacamatzin, Cacique, Captain from Castile, Caudillo, Cempoala, Chalco (altépetl), Charles Gibson, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Chetumal, Chichimeca, Chichimeca War, Chinantecan languages, Cholula (Mesoamerican site), Christopher Columbus, Cihuacoatl, Coanacoch, Codex Azcatitlan, Conquistador, Council of the Indies, Cozumel, Cristóbal de Oñate, Cristóbal de Olid, ..., Cuauhtémoc, Cuitláhuac, Daniele Bolelli, Diego Columbus, Diego Durán, Diego Muñoz Camargo, El Dorado, Encomienda, Engineering an Empire, Epidemic, Ethnohistory, Ex post facto law, Fall of Tenochtitlan, Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl, Florentine Codex, Flower war, Frances Berdan, Frances Karttunen, Francisco de Aguilar (conquistador), Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador), Francisco Javier Clavijero, Francisco López de Gómara, Francisco Tenamaztle, Gerónimo de Aguilar, God, Gonzalo de Sandoval, Gonzalo Guerrero, Good Friday, Guadalajara, Hernán Cortés, Heroes and Villains (TV series), Hispaniola, Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España, Historiography of Colonial Spanish America, History of Mexico City, History of smallpox in Mexico, History of Tlaxcala, Holy Roman Emperor, Howard F. Cline, Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton, Huitzilopochtli, Human sacrifice in Aztec culture, Isabella I of Castile, Itzquauhtzin, Ixtlilxochitl II, Iztapalapa, James Lockhart (historian), Jim Cummings, Jon Manchip White, Juan de Grijalva, Juan Velázquez de León, La Conquista (opera), La Gran Chichimeca, La Malinche, La Noche Triste, La Nueva España (composition), Lake Texcoco, Lorenzo Ferrero, Malinche (volcano), Malinchism, Manila galleon, Mary, mother of Jesus, Massacre in the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, Matthew Restall, Maundy Thursday, Maxixcatl, Maya civilization, Maya peoples, Mendicant, Mesoamerica, Mesoamerican chronology, Mesoamerican languages, Mestizo, Metztitlán, Mexica, Mexican Indian Wars, Mexico, Mexico City, Michoacán, Midsummer, Miguel León-Portilla, Mixtón War, Moctezuma II, Mutiny, Nahuas, Nahuatl, Narrative of Some Things of New Spain and of the Great City of Temestitan, New England, New Philology, New Spain, New World, Nezahualpilli, Nochistlán, Nojpetén, Nuño de Guzmán, Otomi, Ottoman–Habsburg wars, Oxford University Press, Pánfilo de Narváez, Pánuco River, Pedro de Alvarado, Petén Department, Petty kingdom, Placer mining, Polity, Potonchán, Potosí, Preemptive war, Province of Tierra Firme, Qualpopoca, Quetzalcoatl, R. H. Barlow, Real Audiencia, Reformation, Regidor, Ross Hassig, Sahagún, Salvador Carrasco, San Andrés Mixquic, San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec, Santiago de Cuba, Santo Domingo, Scuttling, Serge Gruzinski, Sierra Madre Oriental, Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish conquest of Chiapas, Spanish conquest of Guatemala, Spanish conquest of Honduras, Spanish conquest of Yucatán, Spanish Empire, Spanish language, Spanish Main, Spanish Requirement of 1513, Stuart B. Schwartz, Tangaxuan II, Tarascan state, Taurus (constellation), Templo Mayor, Tenochtitlan, Teotitlán del Valle, Tetlepanquetzal, Texcoco (altepetl), Tezcatlipoca, The Broken Spears, The Hispanic American Historical Review, The Other Conquest, The Road to El Dorado, Tlacochcalcatl, Tlacopan, Tlatelolco (altepetl), Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala (Nahua state), Tlaxcaltec, Totonac, Trinidad, Cuba, Twelve Apostles of Mexico, Tzintzuntzan (Mesoamerican site), Tzvetan Todorov, Valley of Mexico, Veracruz, Veracruz (city), William H. Prescott, Xalisco, Xicotencatl I, Xicotencatl II, Xiuhtecuhtli, Xochimilco, Yucatán Peninsula, Yucatec Maya language, Zaachila, Zacatecas, Zumpango, 1522, 1530. Expand index (175 more) »
Adelantado
Adelantado (meaning "advanced") was a title held by Spanish nobles in service of their respective kings during the Middle Ages.
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Alonso de Molina
Alonso de Molina (1513. or 1514.. – 1579 or 1585) was a Franciscan priest and grammarian, who wrote a well-known dictionary of the Nahuatl language published in 1571 and still used by scholars working on Nahuatl texts in the tradition of the New Philology.
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Alonso Hernández Puertocarrero
Alonso Hernández Puertocarrero (before 1495–1523) was a Spanish conquistador.
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Altepetl
The altepetl or, in pre-Columbian and Spanish conquest-era Aztec society, was the local, ethnically-based political entity, usually translated into English as "city-state".
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Amaranth
Amaranthus, collectively known as amaranth, is a cosmopolitan genus of annual or short-lived perennial plants.
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Anales de Tlatelolco
The Anales de Tlatelolco (Annals of Tlatelolco) is a codex manuscript written in Nahuatl, using Latin characters, by anonymous Aztec authors.
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Anthony Pagden
Anthony Robin Dermer Pagden (born May 27, 1945) is an author and professor of political science and history at the University of California, Los Angeles.
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Anthropological Quarterly
Anthropological Quarterly is a widely read peer-reviewed journal covering topics in social and cultural anthropology.
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Antonio de Mendoza
Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco (1495 – July 21, 1552) was the first Viceroy of New Spain, serving from November 14, 1535 to November 25, 1550, and the third Viceroy of Peru, from September 23, 1551, until his death on July 21, 1552.
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Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra
Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra (18 July 161019 April 1686) was a Spanish dramatist and historian.
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Arawak
The Arawak are a group of indigenous peoples of South America and of the Caribbean.
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Arquebus
The arquebus, derived from the German Hakenbüchse, was a form of long gun that appeared in Europe during the 15th century.
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Axayacatl
Axayacatl (āxāyacatl; Axayácatl; meaning "face of water"; c. 1449-1481) was the sixth tlatoani of the altepetl of Tenochtitlan and ruler of the Aztec Triple Alliance.
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Aztec Empire
The Aztec Empire, or the Triple Alliance (Ēxcān Tlahtōlōyān, ˈjéːʃkaːn̥ t͡ɬaʔtoːˈlóːjaːn̥), began as an alliance of three Nahua altepetl city-states: italic, italic, and italic.
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Aztec influence in Spain
Aztec influence in Spain can be seen in both the cuisine of Spain and in its architecture.
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Aztec mythology
Aztec mythology is the body or collection of myths of Aztec civilization of Central Mexico.
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Aztec religion
The Aztec religion is the Mesoamerican religion of the Aztecs.
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Aztec warfare
Aztec warfare concerns the aspects associated with the militaristic conventions, forces, weaponry and strategic expansions conducted by the Late Postclassic Aztec civilizations of Mesoamerica, including particularly the military history of the Aztec Triple Alliance involving the city-states of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan and other allied polities of the central Mexican region.
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Aztecs
The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.
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Ángel María Garibay K.
Fray Ángel María Garibay Kintana (June 18, 1892– October 19, 1967) was a Mexican Roman Catholic priest, philologist, linguist, historian, and scholar of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures, specifically of the Nahua peoples of the central Mexican highlands.
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Bartolomé de las Casas
Bartolomé de las Casas (1484 – 18 July 1566) was a 16th-century Spanish historian, social reformer and Dominican friar.
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Battle of Otumba
The Battle of Otumba was a battle at Otumba de Gómez Farías in 1520.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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Bernal Díaz del Castillo
Bernal Díaz del Castillo (c. 1496 – 1584) was a Spanish conquistador, who participated as a soldier in the conquest of Mexico under Hernán Cortés and late in his life wrote an account of the events.
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Bernardino de Sahagún
Bernardino de Sahagún (c. 1499 – October 23, 1590) was a Franciscan friar, missionary priest and pioneering ethnographer who participated in the Catholic evangelization of colonial New Spain (now Mexico).
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Brian McCardie
Brian McCardie is a Scottish actor/writer.
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Brigantine
A brigantine was a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind the mast).
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Cabildo (council)
A cabildo or ayuntamiento was a Spanish colonial, and early post-colonial, administrative council which governed a municipality.
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Cacamatzin
Cacamatzin (or Cacama) (1483–1520) was the king of Texcoco,Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, the second most important city of the Aztec Empire.
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Cacique
A cacique (feminine form: cacica) is a leader of an indigenous group, derived from the Taíno word kasikɛ for the pre-Columbian tribal chiefs in the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles.
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Captain from Castile
Captain from Castile is a historical adventure film released by 20th Century Fox in 1947.
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Caudillo
A caudillo (Old Spanish: cabdillo, from Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput "head") was a type of personalist leader wielding military and political power.
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Cempoala
Cempoala or Zempoala (Nahuatl Cēmpoalātl 'Place of Twenty Waters') is an important Mesoamerican archaeological site located in the Úrsulo Galván Municipality, in the state of Veracruz, Mexico.
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Chalco (altépetl)
Chālco was a complex pre-Columbian Nahua altepetl or confederacy in central Mexico.
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Charles Gibson
Charles deWolf "Charlie" Gibson (born March 9, 1943) is a retired United States broadcast television anchor and journalist.
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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.
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Chetumal
Chetumal (Modern Maya: Chactemàal, "Place of the Red Wood") (coordinates) is a city on the east coast of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.
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Chichimeca
Chichimeca (Spanish) was the name that the Nahua peoples of Mexico generically applied to nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples who were established in present-day Bajio region of Mexico.
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Chichimeca War
The Chichimeca War (1550–90) was a military conflict waged by Spain against the Chichimeca Confederation established in the lowlands of Mexico, called La Gran Chichimeca located in the West North-Central Mexican states.
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Chinantecan languages
The Chinantec or Chinantecan languages constitute a branch of the Oto-Manguean family.
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Cholula (Mesoamerican site)
Cholula (Cholōllān) (Spanish) was an important city of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, dating back to at least the 2nd century BCE, with settlement as a village going back at least some thousand years earlier.
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Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (before 31 October 145120 May 1506) was an Italian explorer, navigator, and colonizer.
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Cihuacoatl
In Aztec mythology, Cihuacoatl ("snake woman"; also Cihuacóatl) was one of a number of motherhood and fertility goddesses.
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Coanacoch
Coanacochtzin (died 1525) was the seventh tlatoani (ruler) of Texcoco.
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Codex Azcatitlan
The Codex Azcatitlan details the history of the Mexica from their migration from Aztlán to the Spanish conquest of Mexico and Christianization.
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Conquistador
Conquistadors (from Spanish or Portuguese conquistadores "conquerors") is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.
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Council of the Indies
The Council of the Indies; officially, the Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies (Real y Supremo Consejo de las Indias), was the most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire for the Americas and the Philippines.
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Cozumel
Cozumel (Kùutsmil) is an island and municipality in the Caribbean Sea off the eastern coast of Mexico's Yucatán Peninsula, opposite Playa del Carmen, and close to the Yucatán Channel.
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Cristóbal de Oñate
Cristóbal de Oñate (1504, Spain—October 6, 1567, Pánuco, Zacatecas) was a Spanish Basque explorer, conquistador and colonial official in New Spain.
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Cristóbal de Olid
Cristóbal de Olid (1487–1524) was a Spanish adventurer, conquistador and rebel who played a part in the conquest of Mexico and Honduras.
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Cuauhtémoc
Cuauhtémoc (also known as Cuauhtemotzin, Guatimozin or Guatemoc; c. 1495) was the Aztec ruler (tlatoani) of Tenochtitlan from 1520 to 1521, making him the last Aztec Emperor.
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Cuitláhuac
Cuitláhuac (c. 1476 – 1520) or Cuitláhuac (in Spanish orthography; Cuitlāhuac,, honorific form Cuitlahuatzin) was the 10th tlatoani (ruler) of the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan for 80 days during the year Two Flint (1520).
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Daniele Bolelli
Daniele Bolelli is an Italian-born writer, martial artist, university professor, and podcaster.
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Diego Columbus
Diego Columbus (Diogo Colombo; Diego Colón; also, in Diego Colombo) (1479/1480-1526) was a Portuguese navigator and explorer under the Kings of Castile and Aragón.
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Diego Durán
Diego Durán (c. 1537 – 1588) was a Dominican friar best known for his authorship of one of the earliest Western books on the history and culture of the Aztecs, The History of the Indies of New Spain, a book that was much criticised in his lifetime for helping the "heathen" maintain their culture.
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Diego Muñoz Camargo
Diego Muñoz Camargo (c. 1529 – 1599) was the author of History of Tlaxcala, an illustrated codex that highlights the religious, cultural, and military history of the Tlaxcalan people.
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El Dorado
El Dorado (Spanish for "the golden one"), originally El Hombre Dorado ("The Golden Man") or El Rey Dorado ("The Golden King"), was the term used by the Spanish Empire to describe a mythical tribal chief (zipa) of the Muisca native people of Colombia, who, as an initiation rite, covered himself with gold dust and submerged in Lake Guatavita.
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Encomienda
Encomienda was a labor system in Spain and its empire.
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Engineering an Empire
Engineering an Empire is a program on The History Channel that explores the engineering and/or architectural feats that were characteristic of some of the greatest societies on this planet.
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Epidemic
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less.
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Ethnohistory
Ethnohistory is the study of cultures and indigenous peoples' customs by examining historical records as well as other sources of information on their lives and history.
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Ex post facto law
An ex post facto law (corrupted from) is a law that retroactively changes the legal consequences (or status) of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law.
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Fall of Tenochtitlan
The Siege of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire, was a decisive event in the Spanish conquest of Mexico.
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Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl
Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl (between 1568 and 1580 – 1648) was a Castizo nobleman of the Spanish Viceroyalty of New Spain, modern Mexico.
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Florentine Codex
The Florentine Codex is a 16th-century ethnographic research study in Mesoamerica by the Spanish Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún.
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Flower war
A flower war or flowery war (xōchiyāōyōtl, guerra florida) was a ritual war fought intermittently between the Aztec Triple Alliance and its enemies from the "mid-1450s to the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519." Enemies included the city-states of Tlaxcala, Huejotzingo, and Cholula in the Tlaxcala-Pueblan Valley in central Mexico.
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Frances Berdan
Frances F. Berdan (born May 31, 1944) is an American archaeologist specializing in the Aztecs and professor emerita of anthropology at California State University, San Bernardino.
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Frances Karttunen
Frances Esther Karttunen (born 1942), also known as Frances Ruley Karttunen, is an American academic linguist, historian and author.
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Francisco de Aguilar (conquistador)
Francisco de Aguilar (1479 — 1571?), born Alonso de Aguilar, was a Spanish conquistador who took part in the expedition led by Hernán Cortés that resulted in the conquest of the Aztec Empire and the fall of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec state in the central Mexican plateau.
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Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (Yucatán conquistador)
Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (died 1517) was a Spanish conquistador, known to history mainly for the ill-fated expedition he led in 1517, in the course of which the first European accounts of the Yucatán Peninsula were compiled.
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Francisco Javier Clavijero
Francisco Javier Clavijero Echegaray (sometimes Francesco Saverio Clavigero) (September 9, 1731 – April 2, 1787), was a Mexican Jesuit teacher, scholar and historian.
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Francisco López de Gómara
Francisco López de Gómara (c. 1511 - c. 1566) was a Spanish historian who worked in Seville, particularly noted for his works in which he described the early 16th century expedition undertaken by Hernán Cortés in the Spanish conquest of the New World.
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Francisco Tenamaztle
Francisco Tenamaztle (fl. 1540s–1550s), also Tenamaxtlan, Tenamaxtli or Tenamaxtle, was a leader of the Caxcan Indians in Mexico during the Mixton War of 1540–1542.
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Gerónimo de Aguilar
Jerónimo de Aguilar O.F.M. (1489–1531) was a Franciscan friar born in Écija, Spain.
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God
In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and the principal object of faith.
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Gonzalo de Sandoval
Gonzalo de Sandoval (1497, Medellín, Spain – late in 1528, Palos de la Frontera, Spain) was a Spanish conquistador in New Spain (Mexico)Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, and briefly co-governor of the colony while Hernán Cortés was away from the capital (March 2, 1527 to August 22, 1527).
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Gonzalo Guerrero
Gonzalo Guerrero (also known as Gonzalo Marinero, Gonzalo de Aroca and Gonzalo de Aroza) was a sailor from Palos, in Spain who shipwrecked along the Yucatán Peninsula and was taken as a slave by the local Maya.
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Good Friday
Good Friday is a Christian holiday celebrating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary.
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Guadalajara
Guadalajara is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Jalisco, and the seat of the municipality of Guadalajara.
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Hernán Cortés
Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca (1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century.
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Heroes and Villains (TV series)
Heroes and Villains was a 2007–2008 BBC Television drama series looking at key moments in the lives and reputations of some of the greatest warriors of history.
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Hispaniola
Hispaniola (Spanish: La Española; Latin and French: Hispaniola; Haitian Creole: Ispayola; Taíno: Haiti) is an island in the Caribbean island group, the Greater Antilles.
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Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España
Historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España (The True History of the Conquest of New Spain) is the first-person narrative written in 1576 by Bernal Díaz del Castillo (1492–1581), the military adventurer, conquistador, and colonist settler who served in three Mexican expeditions; those of Francisco Hernández de Córdoba (1517) to the Yucatán peninsula; the expedition of Juan de Grijalva (1518), and the expedition of Hernán Cortés (1519) in the Valley of Mexico; the history relates his participation in the fall of Emperor Moctezuma II, and the subsequent defeat of the Aztec Empire.
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Historiography of Colonial Spanish America
The historiography of Spanish America has a long history.
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History of Mexico City
The city now known as Mexico City was founded as Tenochtitlan in 1324 and a century later became the dominant city-state of the Aztec Triple Alliance, formed in 1430 and composed of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan.
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History of smallpox in Mexico
The history of smallpox in Mexico spans approximately 500 years of prevalence from the arrival of the Spanish to the official eradication in the country in 1951.
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History of Tlaxcala
History of Tlaxcala is an illustrated codex written by and under the supervision of Diego Muñoz Camargo in the years leading up to 1585.
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Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor (historically Romanorum Imperator, "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 AD, from Charlemagne to Francis II).
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Howard F. Cline
Howard F. Cline (June 12, 1915 – June 1, 1971, Washington DC) was an American government official and historian, specialising in Latin America.
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Hugh Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton
Hugh Swynnerton Thomas, Baron Thomas of Swynnerton (21 October 1931 – 7 May 2017) was an English historian, writer and life peer in the House of Lords.
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Huitzilopochtli
In the Aztec religion, Huitzilopochtli (wiːt͡siloːˈpoːt͡ʃt͡ɬi) is a Mesoamerican deity of war, sun, human sacrifice and the patron of the city of Tenochtitlan.
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Human sacrifice in Aztec culture
Human sacrifice was common to many parts of Mesoamerica.
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Isabella I of Castile
Isabella I (Isabel, 22 April 1451 – 26 November 1504) reigned as Queen of Castile from 1474 until her death.
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Itzquauhtzin
Itzquauhtzin (9 Reed (1475)Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 140–141. – 2 Flint (1520)Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 158–159.) was a king (tlatoani) of Nahua altepetl Tlatelolco.
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Ixtlilxochitl II
Ixtlilxochitl II (c. 1500–c. 1550) was the son of Nezahualpilli, king of Texcoco.
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Iztapalapa
Iztapalapa is one of the Federal District of Mexico City’s 16 boroughs, located on the east side of the entity.
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James Lockhart (historian)
James Lockhart (born April 8, 1933 - January 17, 2014) was a U.S. historian of colonial Latin America, especially the Nahua people and Nahuatl language.
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Jim Cummings
James Jonah Cummings (born November 3, 1952) is an American voice actor and singer, who has appeared in almost 400 roles.
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Jon Manchip White
Jon Ewbank Manchip White (23 June 1924The Independent obituary - "", 17 September 2013. Accessed 20 October 2013 – July 31, 2013) was the Welsh American author of more than thirty books of non-fiction and fiction, including The Last Race, Nightclimber, Death By Dreaming, Solo Goya, and his final novel, Rawlins White: Patriot to Heaven, published in 2011.
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Juan de Grijalva
Juan de Grijalva (born around 1489 in Cuéllar, Crown of Castille - 21 January 1527 in Nicaragua) was a Spanish conquistador, and relation of Diego Velázquez.
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Juan Velázquez de León
Juan Velázquez of León was a Spanish conquistador, who along with Hernán Cortés participated in the third Spanish expedition to continental America (present day Mexico) in 1519.
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La Conquista (opera)
La Conquista (also known as Montezuma) is an opera in two acts by Lorenzo Ferrero set to a trilingual libretto by the composer and Frances Karttunen, based on a concept by Alessandro Baricco.
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La Gran Chichimeca
La Gran Chichimeca was a term used by the Spanish conquistadores of the 16th century to refer to an area of the northern central Mexican ''altiplano'' (plateau), a territory which today is encompassed by the modern Mexican states of Jalisco, Aguascalientes, Nayarit, Guanajuato and Zacatecas.
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La Malinche
La Malinche (c. 1496 or c. 1501 – c. 1529), known also as Malinalli, Malintzin or Doña Marina, was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast, who played a key role in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, acting as an interpreter, advisor, and intermediary for the Spanish conquistador, Hernán Cortés.
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La Noche Triste
La Noche Triste ("The Night of Sorrows", literally "The Sad Night") on June 30, 1520, was an important event during the Spanish conquest of Mexico, wherein Hernán Cortés and his invading army of Spanish conquistadors and native allies were driven out of the Mexican capital at Tenochtitlan following the death of the Aztec king Moctezuma II, who had been held hostage by the Spaniards.
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La Nueva España (composition)
La Nueva España is a set of six symphonic poems by Lorenzo Ferrero written between 1990 and 1999, which is dedicated to the Spanish conquest of Mexico (once called the New Spain) in 1519-21.
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Lake Texcoco
Lake Texcoco (Lago de Texcoco) was a natural lake within the "Anahuac" or Valley of Mexico.
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Lorenzo Ferrero
Lorenzo Ferrero (born 1951) is a contemporary Italian composer, librettist, author, and book editor.
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Malinche (volcano)
La Malinche mountain, also known as Matlalcueye or Malintzin, is an inactive volcano (dormant for the last 3,100 years) located in Tlaxcala and Puebla states, in Mexico.
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Malinchism
Malinchism (malinchismo) or malinchist (malinchista) is a form of attraction that the foreigner has in the popular imagination, causing individuals to lose the spirit of nationality by moving to the other side, a particular case of cultural cringe.
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Manila galleon
The Manila Galleons (Galeón de Manila; Kalakalang Galyon ng Maynila at Acapulco) were Spanish trading ships which for two and a half centuries linked the Philippines with Mexico across the Pacific Ocean, making one or two round-trip voyages per year between the ports of Acapulco and Manila, which were both part of New Spain.
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Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary was a 1st-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth, and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran.
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Massacre in the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan
The Massacre in the Great Temple, also called the Alvarado Massacre, was an event on May 22, 1520, in the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan during Spanish conquest of Mexico, in which the celebration of the Feast of Toxcatl ended in a massacre of Aztec elites.
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Matthew Restall
Matthew Restall (born 1964) is a historian of Colonial Latin America.
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Maundy Thursday
Maundy Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday, Covenant Thursday, Great and Holy Thursday, Sheer Thursday, and Thursday of Mysteries, among other names) is the Christian holy day falling on the Thursday before Easter.
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Maxixcatl
Maxixcatl was the tlatoani (ruler) of the Nahua altepetl (city-state) of Ocotelolco at the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico.
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Maya civilization
The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its hieroglyphic script—the only known fully developed writing system of the pre-Columbian Americas—as well as for its art, architecture, mathematics, calendar, and astronomical system.
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Maya peoples
The Maya peoples are a large group of Indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica.
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Mendicant
A mendicant (from mendicans, "begging") is one who practices mendicancy (begging) and relies chiefly or exclusively on charitable donations to survive.
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Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.
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Mesoamerican chronology
Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of prehispanic Mesoamerica into several periods: the Paleo-Indian (first human habitation–3500 BCE), the Archaic (before 2600 BCE), the Preclassic or Formative (2000 BCE–250 CE), the Classic (250–900CE), and the Postclassic (900–1521 CE), Colonial (1521–1821), and Postcolonial (1821–present).
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Mesoamerican languages
Mesoamerican languages are the languages indigenous to the Mesoamerican cultural area, which covers southern Mexico, all of Guatemala and Belize and parts of Honduras and El Salvador and Nicaragua.
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Mestizo
Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Spain, Latin America, and the Philippines that originally referred a person of combined European and Native American descent, regardless of where the person was born.
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Metztitlán
Metztitlán (Otomi: Nziʼbatha) is a town and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo, in central-eastern Mexico.
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Mexica
The Mexica (Nahuatl: Mēxihcah,; the singular is Mēxihcatl Nahuatl Dictionary. (1990). Wired Humanities Project. University of Oregon. Retrieved August 29, 2012, from) or Mexicas were a Nahuatl-speaking indigenous people of the Valley of Mexico, known today as the rulers of the Aztec Empire.
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Mexican Indian Wars
The Mexican Indian Wars refer to a series of conflicts fought between Spanish, and later Mexican, Guatemalan, Honduran, Salvadoran and Belizean forces against Amerindians in what is now called Mexico and surrounding areas such as Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador and Southern/Western United States.
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Mexico
Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.
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Mexico City
Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.
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Michoacán
Michoacán, formally Michoacán de Ocampo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Michoacán de Ocampo (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Michoacán de Ocampo), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.
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Midsummer
Midsummer is the period of time centered upon the summer solstice, and more specifically the northern European celebrations that accompany the actual solstice or take place on a day between June 19 and June 25 and the preceding evening.
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Miguel León-Portilla
Miguel León-Portilla (born February 22, 1926 in Mexico City) is a Mexican anthropologist and historian, and a prime authority on Nahuatl thought and literature.
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Mixtón War
The Mixtón War was fought from 1540 until 1542 between the Caxcanes and other semi-nomadic Indigenous people of the area of north western Mexico against Spanish invaders, including their Aztec and Tlaxcalan allies.
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Moctezuma II
Moctezuma II (c. 1466 – 29 June 1520), variant spellings include Montezuma, Moteuczoma, Motecuhzoma, Motēuczōmah, and referred to in full by early Nahuatl texts as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (Moctezuma the Young),moteːkʷˈsoːma ʃoːkoˈjoːtsin was the ninth tlatoani or ruler of Tenochtitlan, reigning from 1502 to 1520.
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Mutiny
Mutiny is a criminal conspiracy among a group of people (typically members of the military or the crew of any ship, even if they are civilians) to openly oppose, change, or overthrow a lawful authority to which they are subject.
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Nahuas
The Nahuas are a group of indigenous people of Mexico and El Salvador.
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Nahuatl
Nahuatl (The Classical Nahuatl word nāhuatl (noun stem nāhua, + absolutive -tl) is thought to mean "a good, clear sound" This language name has several spellings, among them náhuatl (the standard spelling in the Spanish language),() Naoatl, Nauatl, Nahuatl, Nawatl. In a back formation from the name of the language, the ethnic group of Nahuatl speakers are called Nahua.), known historically as Aztec, is a language or group of languages of the Uto-Aztecan language family.
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Narrative of Some Things of New Spain and of the Great City of Temestitan
The Narrative of Some Things of New Spain and of the Great City of Temestitan is one of the sources for the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire dating from the 16th century, one of the many surviving contemporary Spanish accounts from the period of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire and central Mexico (1519–1521).
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New England
New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.
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New Philology
New Philology generally refers to a branch of Mexican ethnohistory and philology that uses colonial-era native language texts written by Indians to construct history from the indigenous point of view.
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New Spain
The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de la Nueva España) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
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New World
The New World is one of the names used for the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas (including nearby islands such as those of the Caribbean and Bermuda).
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Nezahualpilli
Nezahualpilli (Nahuatl for "fasting prince"; 1464–1515) was ruler (tlatoani) of the Mesoamerican city-state of Texcoco, elected by the city's nobility after the death of his father, Nezahualcoyotl, in 1472.
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Nochistlán
Nochistlán (Spanish) is a town in the Mexican state of Zacatecas.
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Nojpetén
Nojpetén (also known as Tayasal) was the capital city of the Itza Maya kingdom of Petén Itzá, located on an island in Lake Petén Itzá in the modern department of Petén in northern Guatemala.
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Nuño de Guzmán
Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán (c. 14901558) was a Spanish conquistador and colonial administrator in New Spain.
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Otomi
The Otomi (Otomí) are an indigenous people of Mexico inhabiting the central Mexican Plateau (Altiplano) region.
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Ottoman–Habsburg wars
The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th through the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg (later Austrian) Empire, which was at times supported by the Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Hungary, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Habsburg Spain.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Pánfilo de Narváez
Pánfilo de Narváez (147?–1528) was a Spanish conquistador and soldier in the Americas.
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Pánuco River
The Pánuco River (Río Pánuco), also known as the Río de Canoas, is a river in Mexico fed by several tributaries including the Moctezuma River and emptying into the Gulf of Mexico.
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Pedro de Alvarado
Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras (Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain, ca. 1485 – Guadalajara, New Spain, 4 July 1541) was a Spanish conquistador and governor of Guatemala.
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Petén Department
Petén is a department of the Republic of Guatemala.
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Petty kingdom
A petty kingdom is a kingdom described as minor or "petty" by contrast to an empire or unified kingdom that either preceded or succeeded it (e.g. the numerous kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England unified into the Kingdom of England in the 10th century, or the numerous Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland as the Kingdom of Ireland in the 16th century).
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Placer mining
Placer mining is the mining of stream bed (alluvial) deposits for minerals.
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Polity
A polity is any kind of political entity.
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Potonchán
Potonchán, was a Chontal Maya city, capital of the minor kingdom known as Tavasco or Tabasco.
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Potosí
Potosí is a capital city and a municipality of the department of Potosí in Bolivia.
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Preemptive war
A preemptive war is a war that is commenced in an attempt to repel or defeat a perceived imminent offensive or invasion, or to gain a strategic advantage in an impending (allegedly unavoidable) war shortly before that attack materializes.
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Province of Tierra Firme
During Spain's New World Empire, its mainland coastal possessions surrounding the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico were referred to collectively as the Spanish Main.
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Qualpopoca
Qualpopoca (or Quetzalpopoca) was an Aztec administrator and military commander whose operations on behalf of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma Xocoyotzin against the Spanish conquistadors at Nauhtla prompted the crisis in Aztec-Spanish relations that provided Hernán Cortés with the pretext he needed to capture Moctezuma and overthrow the Aztec state.
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Quetzalcoatl
Quetzalcoatl (ket͡saɬˈkowaːt͡ɬ, in honorific form: Quetzalcohuātzin) forms part of Mesoamerican literature and is a deity whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "feathered serpent" or "Quetzal-feathered Serpent".
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R. H. Barlow
Robert Hayward Barlow (May 18, 1918 – January 1 or 2, 1951Joshi & Schultz (2007): p. xx.) was an American author, avant-garde poet, anthropologist and historian of early Mexico, and expert in the Nahuatl language.
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Real Audiencia
The Real Audiencia, or simply Audiencia (Reial Audiència, Audiència Reial, or Audiència), was an appellate court in Spain and its empire.
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Reformation
The Reformation (or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation; also, the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.
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Regidor
A regidor (plural: regidores) is a member of a council of municipalities in Spain and Latin America.
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Ross Hassig
Ross Hassig (born December 13, 1945) is an American historical anthropologist specializing in Mesoamerican studies, particularly the Aztec culture.
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Sahagún
Sahagún is a town in the province of León, Spain.
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Salvador Carrasco
Salvador Carrasco is a Mexican film director based in Santa Monica, California.
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San Andrés Mixquic
San Andres Mixquic is a community located in the southeast of the Distrito Federal (Mexico City) in the borough of Tláhuac.
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San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec
San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec (Tōchtepēc, "on the hill of rabbits"), or simply referred to as Tuxtepec, is the head of the municipality by the same name and is the second most populous city of the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
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Santiago de Cuba
Santiago de Cuba is the second-largest city of Cuba and the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province.
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Santo Domingo
Santo Domingo (meaning "Saint Dominic"), officially Santo Domingo de Guzmán, is the capital and largest city in the Dominican Republic and the largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean by population.
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Scuttling
Scuttling is the deliberate sinking of a ship by allowing water to flow into the hull.
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Serge Gruzinski
Serge Gruzinski (born 5 November 1949) is a French historian, palaeographer and archivist, he is a Latin America specialist.
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Sierra Madre Oriental
The Sierra Madre Oriental (Spanish) is a mountain range in northeastern Mexico.
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Spanish colonization of the Americas
The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish conquistadors.
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Spanish conquest of Chiapas
The Spanish conquest of Chiapas was the campaign undertaken by the Spanish conquistadores against the Late Postclassic Mesoamerican polities in the territory that is now incorporated into the modern Mexican state of Chiapas.
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Spanish conquest of Guatemala
The Spanish conquest of Guatemala was a protracted conflict during the Spanish colonization of the Americas, in which Spanish colonisers gradually incorporated the territory that became the modern country of Guatemala into the colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain.
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Spanish conquest of Honduras
The Spanish conquest of Honduras was a 16th-century conflict during the Spanish colonization of the Americas in which the territory that now comprises the Republic of Honduras, one of the five states of Central America, was incorporated into the Spanish Empire.
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Spanish conquest of Yucatán
The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was the campaign undertaken by the Spanish conquistadores against the Late Postclassic Maya states and polities in the Yucatán Peninsula, a vast limestone plain covering south-eastern Mexico, northern Guatemala, and all of Belize.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.
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Spanish language
Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.
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Spanish Main
In the context of Spain's New World Empire, its mainland coastal possessions surrounding the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico were referred to collectively as the Spanish Main.
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Spanish Requirement of 1513
The Spanish Requirement of 1513 (Requerimiento) was a declaration by the Spanish monarchy, written by the Council of Castile jurist Juan López de Palacios Rubios, of Castile's divinely ordained right to take possession of the territories of the New World and to subjugate, exploit and, when necessary, to fight the native inhabitants.
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Stuart B. Schwartz
Stuart B. Schwartz is the George Burton Adams Professor of History at Yale University, the Chair of the Council of Latin American and Iberian Studies, and the former Master of Ezra Stiles College.
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Tangaxuan II
Tzimtzincha-Tangaxuan II (died February 14, 1530) was the last cazonci (monarch) of the Tarascan state, the kingdom of the Purépecha from 1520–1530.
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Tarascan state
The Tarascan state was a state in pre-Columbian Mexico, roughly covering the geographic area of the present-day Mexican state of Michoacán, parts of Jalisco, and Guanajuato.
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Taurus (constellation)
Taurus (Latin for "the Bull") is one of the constellations of the zodiac, which means it is crossed by the plane of the ecliptic.
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Templo Mayor
The Templo Mayor (Spanish for " Greater Temple") was the main temple of the Aztecs in their capital city of Tenochtitlan, which is now Mexico City.
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Tenochtitlan
Tenochtitlan (Tenochtitlan), originally known as México-Tenochtitlán (meːˈʃíʔ.ko te.noːt͡ʃ.ˈtí.t͡ɬan), was a large Mexica city-state in what is now the center of Mexico City.
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Teotitlán del Valle
Teotitlán del Valle is a small village and municipality located in the Tlacolula District in the east of the Valles Centrales Region, 31 km from the city of Oaxaca in the foothills of the Sierra Juárez mountains.
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Tetlepanquetzal
Tetlepanquetzal (died 1525) was a Mexican king, He was the fourth Tepanec king of Tlacopan,León-Portilla, M. 1992, 'The Broken Spears: The Aztec Accounts of the Conquest of Mexico. Boston: Beacon Press, and reigned after 1503 as a tributary of the Mexican emperor Moctezuma II, whom he assisted in the first defence of Mexico.
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Texcoco (altepetl)
Texcoco (Classical Nahuatl: Tetzco(h)co) was a major Acolhua altepetl (city-state) in the central Mexican plateau region of Mesoamerica during the Late Postclassic period of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican chronology.
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Tezcatlipoca
Tezcatlipoca (Tezcatlipōca) was a central deity in Aztec religion, and his main festival was the Toxcatl ceremony celebrated in the month of May.
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The Broken Spears
The Broken Spears: The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico (Spanish title: Visión de los vencidos: Relaciones indígenas de la conquista) is a book by Miguel León-Portilla, translating selections of Nahuatl-language accounts of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire.
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The Hispanic American Historical Review
The Hispanic American Historical Review is a quarterly, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal of Latin American history, the official publication of the Conference on Latin American History, the professional organization of Latin American historians.
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The Other Conquest
The Other Conquest (Spanish: La Otra Conquista) is a 2000 Mexican feature film (re-released theatrically in 2008) written and directed by Salvador Carrasco and produced by Alvaro Domingo.
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The Road to El Dorado
The Road to El Dorado is a 2000 American animated adventure musical fantasy comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation.
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Tlacochcalcatl
Tlacochcalcatl ("The man from the house of darts") was an Aztec military title or rank; roughly equivalent to the modern title of General.
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Tlacopan
Tlacopan (meaning "florid plant on flat ground"), also called Tacuba, was a Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican city-state situated on the western shore of Lake Texcoco on the site of today's neighborhood of Tacuba in Mexico City.
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Tlatelolco (altepetl)
Tlatelolco (tɬateˈloːɬko) (also called Mexico Tlatelolco) was a prehispanic altepetl or city-state, in the Valley of Mexico.
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Tlaxcala
Tlaxcala (Spanish;; from Tlaxcallān), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tlaxcala (Estado Libre y Soberano de Tlaxcala), is one of the 31 states which along with the Federal District make up the 32 federative entities of Mexico.
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Tlaxcala (Nahua state)
Tlaxcala ("place of maize tortillas") was a pre-Columbian city and state in central Mexico.
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Tlaxcaltec
The Tlaxcalans, or Talaxcaltecs, are an indigenous group of Nahua ethnicity who inhabited the republic of Tlaxcala and present-day Mexican state of Tlaxcala.
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Totonac
The Totonac are an indigenous people of Mexico who reside in the states of Veracruz, Puebla, and Hidalgo.
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Trinidad, Cuba
Trinidad is a town in the province of Sancti Spíritus, central Cuba.
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Twelve Apostles of Mexico
The Twelve Apostles of Mexico, or Twelve Apostles of New Spain, were a group of twelve Franciscan missionaries who arrived in the newly-founded Viceroyalty of New Spain on May 13 or 14, 1524 and reached Mexico City on June 17 or 18.
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Tzintzuntzan (Mesoamerican site)
Tzintzuntzan was the ceremonial center of the pre-Columbian Tarascan state capital of the same name.
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Tzvetan Todorov
Tzvetan Todorov (Цветан Тодоров; March 1, 1939 – February 7, 2017) was a Bulgarian-French historian, philosopher, structuralist literary critic, sociologist and essayist and geologist.
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Valley of Mexico
The Valley of Mexico (Valle de México; Tepētzallāntli Mēxihco) is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with present-day Mexico City and the eastern half of the State of Mexico.
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Veracruz
Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave,In isolation, Veracruz, de and Llave are pronounced, respectively,, and.
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Veracruz (city)
Veracruz, officially known as Heroica Veracruz, is a major port city and municipality on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz.
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William H. Prescott
William Hickling Prescott (May 4, 1796 – January 28, 1859) was an American historian and Hispanist, who is widely recognized by historiographers to have been the first American scientific historian.
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Xalisco
Xalisco is a city and its surrounding municipality of the same name in the Mexican state of Nayarit.
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Xicotencatl I
Xicotencatl I or Xicotencatl the Elder (c. 11 House (1425) – c. 4 Rabbit (1522)) was a long-lived tlatoani (ruler) of Tizatlan, a Nahua altepetl within the pre-Columbian confederacy of Tlaxcala, in what is now Mexico.
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Xicotencatl II
Xicotencatl II Axayacatl, also known as Xicotencatl the Younger (died 1521), was a prince and warleader, probably with the title of Tlacochcalcatl, of the pre-Columbian state of Tlaxcallan at the time of the Spanish conquest of Mexico.
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Xiuhtecuhtli
In Aztec mythology, Xiuhtecuhtli ("Turquoise Lord" or "Lord of Fire"), was the god of fire, day and heat.
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Xochimilco
Xochimilco (Xōchimīlco) is one of the 16 ''mayoralities'' (Spanish: alcaldías) or boroughs within Mexico City.
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Yucatán Peninsula
The Yucatán Peninsula (Península de Yucatán), in southeastern Mexico, separates the Caribbean Sea from the Gulf of Mexico, with the northern coastline on the Yucatán Channel.
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Yucatec Maya language
Yucatec Maya (endonym: Maya; Yukatek Maya in the revised orthography of the Academia de Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala), called Màaya t'àan (lit. "Maya speech") by its speakers, is a Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula and northern Belize.
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Zaachila
Zaachila (the Zapotec name; Nahuatl: Teotzapotlan; Mixtec: Ñuhu Tocuisi) was a powerful Mesoamerican city in what is now Oaxaca, Mexico, from the city of Oaxaca.
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Zacatecas
Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas (Estado Libre y Soberano de Zacatecas), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.
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Zumpango
Zumpango is a municipality located to northeastern part of the state of Mexico in Zumpango Region.
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1522
Year 1522 (MDXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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1530
Year 1530 (MDXXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
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Redirects here:
Cholula Massacre, Cholula massacre, Conquest of Mexico, Conquest of the Aztec Empire, Fall of the Aztec Empire, Spanish Conquest of Mexico, Spanish Conquest of the Aztec Empire, Spanish conquest of Mexico, Spanish conquest of Michoacán, Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire., Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire, Spanish conquest of the Azteca Empire, Spanish conquest of the Mexica Empire, Spanish-Aztec War, The destruction of the Aztec.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire
