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134 relations: Akidnognathidae, Angiogenesis, Anomodont, Anteosaur, Anteosauridae, Archosauromorpha, Axis (anatomy), Bauria, Bauriidae, Baurioidea, Biarmosuchia, Biarmosuchus, Brithopodidae, Canine tooth, Carnian, Caseasauria, Castorocauda, Chiniquodontidae, Cistecephalidae, Clade, Coprolite, Cretaceous, Crown group, Cynodont, Cynognathia, Cynognathus, Dendrochronology, Deuterosaurus, Diademodontidae, Diapsid, Dicynodon, Dicynodont, Diictodontia, Dinocephalia, Docodonta, Dromasauria, Dvinia, Early Cretaceous, Early Jurassic, Early Triassic, Emydopidae, Emydopoidea, Endotherm, Endothiodontia, Eodicynodon, Eotitanosuchidae, Eotitanosuchus, Epicynodontia, Estemmenosuchidae, Eucynodontia, ..., Eutheriodontia, Eutherocephalia, Evolution, Evolution of mammals, Galeops, Galesauridae, Galesaurus, Gondwana, Gorgonopsia, Hair, Haramiyida, Herbivore, Hofmeyriidae, Holocene, Incisor, Infratemporal fenestra, Inostrancevia, Jurassic, Kannemeyeria, Kannemeyeriiformes, Kingoriidae, Late Triassic, Lazarus taxon, Lizard, Lycaenops, Lycosuchidae, Lystrosauridae, Mammal, Mammaliaformes, Middle Triassic, Molar (tooth), Morganucodon, Morphology (biology), Nasal concha, Neotherapsida, Otsheridae, Pangaea, Paraphyly, Pelycosaur, Permian, Permian–Triassic extinction event, Phthinosuchus, Platycraniellus, Postcrania, Pristerodontia, Probainognathia, Probainognathidae, Procynosuchidae, Pylaecephalidae, Reptile, Robert Broom, Robert L. Carroll, Scylacosauria, Scylacosaurus, Sinophoneus, Skull, Sphenacodontia, Sphenacodontidae, Stahleckeriidae, Styracocephalus, Synapsid, Syodontinae, Tapinocephalia, Tapinocephalidae, Temnospondyli, Tetraceratops, Theriodont, Therocephalia, Thrinaxodon, Thrinaxodontidae, Timeline of the evolutionary history of life, Titanosuchidae, Tooth, Traversodontidae, Triassic, Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, Trirachodontidae, Tritheledontidae, Tritylodontidae, Venjukovia, Venyukoviamorpha, Vertebrate paleontology, Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, Whaitsiidae. Expand index (84 more) »
Akidnognathidae
Akidnognathidae is an extinct family of therocephalian therapsids from the Late Permian and Early Triassic of South Africa and Russia.
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Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.
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Anomodont
Anomodontia is an extinct group of non-mammalian therapsids containing many species from the Permian and Triassic periods (possibly continuing into the Early Cretaceous), most of which were toothless, possibly endothermic herbivores.
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Anteosaur
Anteosaurs are a group of large, primitive carnivorous dinocephalian therapsids with large canines and incisors and short limbs, that are known from the Middle Permian of South Africa, Russia, China, and Brazil.
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Anteosauridae
Anteosauridae is an extinct family of large carnivorous dinocephalian therapsids that are known from the Middle Permian of Asia, Africa, and South America.These animals were by far the largest predators of the Permian period, with skulls reaching 80 cm in length in adult individuals, far larger than the biggest gorgonopsian.
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Archosauromorpha
Archosauromorpha (Greek for "ruling lizard forms") is a clade (or infraclass) of diapsid reptiles that first appeared during the middle Permian and became more common during the Triassic.
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Axis (anatomy)
In anatomy, the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine is named the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") or epistropheus.
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Bauria
Bauria is an extinct genus of the suborder Therocephalia that existed during the Early Triassic period, around 246-251 million years ago.
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Bauriidae
Bauriidae is an extinct family of therocephalian therapsids.
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Baurioidea
Baurioidea is a superfamily of therocephalian therapsids.
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Biarmosuchia
Biarmosuchia is a group of Permian therapsids.
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Biarmosuchus
Biarmosuchus is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids that lived around 267 mya during the Middle Permian period.
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Brithopodidae
Brithopodidae is an extinct family of carnivorous dinocephalian therapsids that are known from the Middle Permian of Russia and Texas.
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Canine tooth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dog teeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth.
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Carnian
The Carnian (less commonly, Karnian) is the lowermost stage of the Upper Triassic series (or earliest age of the Late Triassic epoch).
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Caseasauria
Caseasauria is one of the two main clades of early synapsids, the other being the Eupelycosauria.
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Castorocauda
Castorocauda is a genus of small, semi-aquatic mammal relatives living in the Jurassic period, around 164 million years ago, found in lakebed sediments of the Daohugou Beds of Inner Mongolia.
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Chiniquodontidae
Chiniquodontidae is an extinct family of meat-eating advanced mammal-like reptiles (therapsids) that lived during the Upper Triassic of South America and perhaps Europe.
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Cistecephalidae
Cistecephalidae is an extinct family of dicynodont therapsids from the Late Permian of South Africa, India and Zambia.
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Clade
A clade (from κλάδος, klados, "branch"), also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants, and represents a single "branch" on the "tree of life".
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Coprolite
A coprolite is fossilized feces.
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Cretaceous
The Cretaceous is a geologic period and system that spans 79 million years from the end of the Jurassic Period million years ago (mya) to the beginning of the Paleogene Period mya.
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Crown group
In phylogenetics, the crown group of a collection of species consists of the living representatives of the collection together with their ancestors back to their most recent common ancestor as well as all of that ancestor's descendants.
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Cynodont
The cynodonts ("dog teeth") (clade Cynodontia) are therapsids that first appeared in the Late Permian (approximately 260 Ma).
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Cynognathia
Cynognathia ("dog jaw") is one of two major clades of cynodonts, the other being Probainognathia.
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Cynognathus
Cynognathus is an extinct genus of large-bodied cynodont therapsids that lived in the Middle Triassic.
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Dendrochronology
Dendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed in order to analyze atmospheric conditions during different periods in history.
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Deuterosaurus
Deuterosaurus is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids, one of the non-mammalian synapsids dominating the land during the late Palaeozoic.
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Diademodontidae
Diademodontidae is an extinct family of Triassic gomphodonts.
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Diapsid
Diapsids ("two arches") are a group of amniote tetrapods that developed two holes (temporal fenestra) in each side of their skulls about 300 million years ago during the late Carboniferous period.
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Dicynodon
Dicynodon ("Two dog-teeth") is a type of dicynodont therapsid that flourished during the Upper Permian period.
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Dicynodont
Dicynodontia is a taxon of anomodont therapsids or synapsids with beginnings in the mid-Permian, which were dominant in the Late Permian and continued throughout the Triassic, with a few possibly surviving into the Early Cretaceous.
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Diictodontia
The Diictodontia were a group of herbivorous Dicynodonts from the Permian of South Africa.
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Dinocephalia
Dinocephalia is a clade of large-bodied early therapsids that flourished for a brief time in the Middle Permian between 270 and 260 million years ago (Ma), but became extinct, leaving no descendants.
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Docodonta
Docodonta is an order of extinct mammaliaforms that lived during the mid- to late-Mesozoic era.
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Dromasauria
Dromasaurs are a paraphyletic group of anomodont therapsids from the Middle Permian.
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Dvinia
Dvinia is an extinct genus of cynodonts of the family Dviniidae found in Sokolki on the Northern Dvina River near Kotlas in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.
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Early Cretaceous
The Early Cretaceous/Middle Cretaceous (geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous (chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous.
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Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic period.
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Early Triassic
The Early Triassic is the first of three epochs of the Triassic Period of the geologic timescale.
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Emydopidae
Emydopidae is a family of dicynodont therapsids.
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Emydopoidea
Emydopoidea is a group of Late Permian dicynodont therapsids.
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Endotherm
An endotherm (from Greek ἔνδον endon "within" and θέρμη thermē "heat") is an organism that maintains its body at a metabolically favorable temperature, largely by the use of heat set free by its internal bodily functions instead of relying almost purely on ambient heat.
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Endothiodontia
Endothiodontia is a clade of dicynodont therapsids that includes the family Endothiodontidae and possibly the family Eumantellidae.
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Eodicynodon
Eodicynodon (eo-, early or primitive, dicynodont) is an extinct genus of dicynodont therapsids, a highly diverse group of herbivorous synapsids that were widespread during the middle-late Permian and early Triassic.
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Eotitanosuchidae
Eotitanosuchidae is an extinct family of biarmosuchian therapsids.
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Eotitanosuchus
Eotitanosuchus ("dawn giant crocodile") is an extinct genus of biarmosuchian therapsids whose fossils were found in the town of Ochyor in Perm Krai, Russia.
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Epicynodontia
Epicynodontia is a clade of cynodont therapsids that includes most cynodonts, including galesaurids, thrinaxodontids, and Eucynodontia (including mammals).
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Estemmenosuchidae
Estemmenosuchidae is an extinct family of large, very early herbivorous therapsids that flourished during the Middle Permian period.
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Eucynodontia
Eucynodontia ("true dog teeth") is a clade of cynodont therapsids including mammals and most non-mammalian cynodonts.
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Eutheriodontia
Eutheriodontia is a clade of therapsids that includes therocephalians and cynodonts.
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Eutherocephalia
Eutherocephalia ("true beast head") is an infraorder of therocephalian therapsids.
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Evolution
Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
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Evolution of mammals
The evolution of mammals has passed through many stages since the first appearance of their synapsid ancestors in the late Carboniferous period.
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Galeops
Galeops is an extinct genus of therapsids.
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Galesauridae
Galesauridae is a family of Therapsid reptiles.
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Galesaurus
Galesaurus (from the Greek roots for 'weasel' and 'lizard') was a prehistoric carnivorous therapsid that lived between the Induan and the Olenekian age in what is now South Africa.
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Gondwana
Gondwana, or Gondwanaland, was a supercontinent that existed from the Neoproterozoic (about 550 million years ago) until the Carboniferous (about 320 million years ago).
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Gorgonopsia
Gorgonopsia ("Gorgon face") is an extinct suborder of theriodonts.
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Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.
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Haramiyida
Haramiyidans are a long lived lineage of mammaliaform cynodonts.
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Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet.
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Hofmeyriidae
Hofmeyriidae is a family of therocephalian therapsids.
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Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch.
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Incisor
Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals.
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Infratemporal fenestra
An infratemporal fenestra, also called the lateral temporal fenestra is an opening in the skull behind the orbit in some animals.
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Inostrancevia
Inostrancevia is an extinct genus of carnivorous therapsids, containing the largest members of the family Gorgonopsidae, predators characterized by long, saber-tooth-like canines.
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Jurassic
The Jurassic (from Jura Mountains) was a geologic period and system that spanned 56 million years from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period Mya.
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Kannemeyeria
Kannemeyeria was a large dicynodont of the family Kannemeyeriidae, one of the first representatives of the family, and hence one of the first large herbivores of the Triassic.
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Kannemeyeriiformes
Kannemeyeriiformes is a group of large-bodied Triassic dicynodonts.
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Kingoriidae
Kingoriidae is an extinct family of dicynodont therapsids.
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Late Triassic
The Late Triassic is the third and final of three epochs of the Triassic Period in the geologic timescale.
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Lazarus taxon
In paleontology, a Lazarus taxon (plural taxa) is a taxon that disappears for one or more periods from the fossil record, only to appear again later.
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Lizard
Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.
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Lycaenops
Lycaenops ("wolf-face") is a genus of carnivorous therapsids.
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Lycosuchidae
Lycosuchidae is an extinct family of therocephalian therapsids from the Middle Permian Beaufort Group of South Africa.
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Lystrosauridae
Lystrosauridae is a family of dicynodont therapsids from the Permian and Triassic time periods.
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Mammal
Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.
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Mammaliaformes
Mammaliaformes ("mammal-shaped") is a clade that contains the crown group mammals and their closest extinct relatives; the group radiated from earlier probainognathian cynodonts.
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Middle Triassic
In the geologic timescale, the Middle Triassic is the second of three epochs of the Triassic period or the middle of three series in which the Triassic system is divided.
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Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth.
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Morganucodon
Morganucodon ("Glamorgan tooth") is an early mammaliaform genus that lived during the late Triassic period.
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Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
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Nasal concha
In anatomy, a nasal concha, plural conchae, also called a turbinate or turbinal, is a long, narrow, curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose in humans and various animals.
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Neotherapsida
Neotherapsida is a clade of therapsids.
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Otsheridae
Otsheridae is an extinct family of small herbivorous anomodont therapsids that are known from the Permian of Russia.
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Pangaea
Pangaea or Pangea was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras.
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Paraphyly
In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding a few—typically only one or two—monophyletic subgroups.
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Pelycosaur
The pelycosaurs (from Greek πέλυξ pelyx 'wooden bowl' or 'axe' and σαῦρος sauros 'lizard') are an informal grouping (previously considered an order) composed of basal or primitive Late Paleozoic synapsids, sometimes erroneously referred to as "mammal-like reptiles".
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Permian
The Permian is a geologic period and system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic period 251.902 Mya.
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Permian–Triassic extinction event
The Permian–Triassic (P–Tr or P–T) extinction event, colloquially known as the Great Dying, the End-Permian Extinction or the Great Permian Extinction, occurred about 252 Ma (million years) ago, forming the boundary between the Permian and Triassic geologic periods, as well as the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras.
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Phthinosuchus
Phthinosuchus is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Middle Permian of Russia.
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Platycraniellus
Platycraniellus is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsid.
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Postcrania
Postcrania (postcranium, adjective: postcranial) in zoology and vertebrate paleontology refers to all or part of the skeleton apart from the skull.
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Pristerodontia
Pristerodontia is a group of dicynodont therapsids that includes cryptodontids, geikiids, lystrosaurids, kannemeyeriids, and other related forms.
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Probainognathia
The probainognathians are members of one of the two major clades of the infraorder Eucynodontia, the other being Cynognathians.
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Probainognathidae
Probainognathidae is an extinct family of carnivorous therapsids which lived during the Upper Triassic.
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Procynosuchidae
Procynosuchidae is an extinct family of therapsids which, along with Dviniidae, were the earliest cynodonts.
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Pylaecephalidae
Pylaecephalidae is a family of dicynodont therapsids that includes Diictodon, Robertia, and Prosictodon from the Permian of South Africa.
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Reptile
Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.
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Robert Broom
Robert Broom FRS FRSE (30 November 1866, Paisley – 6 April 1951) was a Scottish South African doctor and paleontologist.
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Robert L. Carroll
Robert Lynn Carroll (born May 5, 1938) is a vertebrate paleontologist who specialises in Paleozoic and Mesozoic amphibians and reptiles.
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Scylacosauria
Scylacosauria is a clade of therocephalian therapsids.
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Scylacosaurus
Scylacosaurus is an extinct genus of therocephalian therapsids.
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Sinophoneus
Sinophoneus is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids in the family Anteosauridae.
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Skull
The skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates.
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Sphenacodontia
Sphenacodontia is a stem-based clade of derived synapsids.
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Sphenacodontidae
Sphenacodontidae (Greek: "wedge point tooth family") is an extinct family of small to large, advanced, carnivorous, Late Pennsylvanian to middle Permian pelycosaurs.
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Stahleckeriidae
Stahleckeriidae is a family of dicynodont therapsids whose fossils are known from the Triassic of North America, South America, Asia and Africa.
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Styracocephalus
Styracocephalus platyrhynchus ('spike head') is an extinct species of tapinocephalian therapsids that lived during the Guadalupian epoch.
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Synapsid
Synapsids (Greek, 'fused arch'), synonymous with theropsids (Greek, 'beast-face'), are a group of animals that includes mammals and every animal more closely related to mammals than to other living amniotes.
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Syodontinae
Syodontinae is a group of dinocephalian therapsids.
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Tapinocephalia
Tapinocephalia is one of the major groups of dinocephalian therapsids and the major herbivorous group.
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Tapinocephalidae
Tapinocephalidae was an advanced family of tapinocephalians.It is defined as the clade containing Ulemosaurus, Tapinocaninus, and the Tapinocephalinae They are known from both Russia and South Africa.
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Temnospondyli
Temnospondyli (from Greek τέμνειν (temnein, "to cut") and σπόνδυλος (spondylos, "vertebra")) is a diverse subclass of extinct small to giant tetrapods—often considered primitive amphibians—that flourished worldwide during the Carboniferous, Permian, and Triassic periods.
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Tetraceratops
Tetraceratops insignis ("four-horned face emblem") is an extinct synapsid from the Early Permian that may be the first known representative of Therapsida, a group that includes mammals and their close extinct relatives.
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Theriodont
Theriodonts ("beast tooth", referring to more mammal-like teeth) are a major group of therapsids.
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Therocephalia
Therocephalia is an extinct suborder of eutheriodont therapsids from the Permian and Triassic.
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Thrinaxodon
Thrinaxodon is an extinct genus of cynodonts, most commonly regarded by its species T. liorhinus which lived in what are now South Africa and Antarctica.
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Thrinaxodontidae
Thrinaxodontidae is an extinct family of cynodonts that includes the genera Thrinaxodon, Nanictosaurus, Nanocynodon, and Novocynodon, and possibly Bolotridon and Platycraniellus.
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Timeline of the evolutionary history of life
This timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet Earth.
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Titanosuchidae
Titanosuchidae is an extinct family of dinocephalians.
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Tooth
A tooth (plural teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.
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Traversodontidae
Traversodontidae is a family of herbivorous cynodonts.
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Triassic
The Triassic is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.9 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period Mya.
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Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
The Triassic–Jurassic extinction event marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods,, and is one of the major extinction events of the Phanerozoic eon, profoundly affecting life on land and in the oceans.
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Trirachodontidae
Trirachodontidae is an extinct family of cynognathian cynodonts from the Triassic of China and southern Africa.
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Tritheledontidae
The Tritheledontidae or tritheledontids, also known as ictidosaurs, is an extinct family of small to medium-sized (about 10 or 20 cm long) cynodonts.
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Tritylodontidae
Tritylodontidae ("three-knob teeth", named after the shape of animal's teeth) is an extinct family of small to medium-sized, highly specialized mammal-like cynodonts, bearing several mammalian traits like erect limbs, endothermy and details of the skeleton.
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Venjukovia
Venjukovia is an extinct genus of therapsids from the Middle Permian of Russia.
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Venyukoviamorpha
Venyukoviamorpha is an extinct superfamily of anomodont therapsids under the superorder Venyukovoidea.
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Vertebrate paleontology
Vertebrate paleontology is the subfield of paleontology that seeks to discover, through the study of fossilized remains, the behavior, reproduction and appearance of extinct animals with vertebrae or a notochord.
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Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution
Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution is an advanced textbook on vertebrate paleontology by Robert L. Carroll, published in 1988 by WH Freeman.
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Whaitsiidae
Whaitsiidae is an extinct family of therocephalian therapsids.
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Redirects here:
Eutherapsida, Therapsida, Therapsids, Theromorph.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapsid
