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118 relations: Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, Abegg's rule, Acetylene, Alfred Werner, Alkali metal, Alkaline earth metal, Alkyl, Aluminium chloride, Aluminium oxide, Ammonia, Arsenic trioxide, August Kekulé, Bifluoride, Block (periodic table), Boron group, Boron trichloride, Carbon group, Carbon monoxide, Chalcogen, Chemical affinity, Chemical bond, Chemical compound, Chemical element, Chemical polarity, Chemical species, Chemistry, Chloric acid, Chlorine, Chlorine dioxide, Chlorous acid, Coordination complex, Coordination number, Covalent bond, Crystal structure, Cubical atom, Diborane, Dichlorine heptoxide, Dichloromethane, Dinitrogen pentoxide, Divalent, Edward Frankland, Electron, Electron shell, Electronegativity, Etymology, Gilbert N. Lewis, Group (periodic table), Halogen, Heuristic, Hydrogen, ..., Hydrogen chloride, Hydrogen peroxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Hydroxy group, Hypervalent molecule, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ion, Ionic bonding, Iron(II) oxide, Iron(III) oxide, Irving Langmuir, IUPAC books, IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry, J. R. Partington, Lewis structure, Linus Pauling, List of oxidation states of the elements, Magnesium chloride, Main-group element, Mercury(I) chloride, Methane, Molecular entity, Molecular orbital, Molecule, Network covalent bonding, Nitric oxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Non-covalent interactions, Numeral prefix, Octet rule, Orbital hybridisation, Organic chemistry, Oxidation state, Perchlorate, Perchloric acid, Periodic table, Phosphine, Phosphorus pentachloride, Pi bond, Pnictogen, Propane, Quantum chemistry, Radical (chemistry), Redox, Richard Abegg, Ruthenium, Ruthenium tetroxide, Rutherford model, Sigma bond, Sodium chloride, Sodium cyanide, Sodium hydride, Stock nomenclature, Structural formula, Sulfur dioxide, Sulfur hexafluoride, Sulfur trioxide, Sulfuric acid, Tetravalence, Three-center four-electron bond, Three-center two-electron bond, Transition metal, Transition metal oxo complex, Valence bond theory, Valence electron, VSEPR theory, Water, William Higgins (chemist). Expand index (68 more) »
Ab initio quantum chemistry methods
Ab initio quantum chemistry methods are computational chemistry methods based on quantum chemistry.
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Abegg's rule
In chemistry, Abegg’s rule states that the difference between the maximum positive and negative valence of an element is frequently eight.
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Acetylene
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C2H2.
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Alfred Werner
Alfred Werner (12 December 1866 – 15 November 1919) was a Swiss chemist who was a student at ETH Zurich and a professor at the University of Zurich.
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Alkali metal
The alkali metals are a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K),The symbols Na and K for sodium and potassium are derived from their Latin names, natrium and kalium; these are still the names for the elements in some languages, such as German and Russian.
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Alkaline earth metal
The alkaline earth metals are six chemical elements in group 2 of the periodic table.
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Alkyl
In organic chemistry, an alkyl substituent is an alkane missing one hydrogen.
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Aluminium chloride
Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is the main compound of aluminium and chlorine.
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Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (British English) or aluminum oxide (American English) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula 23.
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Ammonia
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
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Arsenic trioxide
Arsenic trioxide is an inorganic compound with the formula.
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August Kekulé
Friedrich August Kekulé, later Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (7 September 1829 – 13 July 1896), was a German organic chemist.
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Bifluoride
Bifluoride is an inorganic anion with the chemical formula HF (also written −).
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Block (periodic table)
A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups.
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Boron group
The boron group are the chemical elements in group 13 of the periodic table, comprising boron (B), aluminium (Al), gallium (Ga), indium (In), thallium (Tl), and perhaps also the chemically uncharacterized nihonium (Nh).
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Boron trichloride
Boron trichloride is the inorganic compound with the formula BCl3.
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Carbon group
The carbon group is a periodic table group consisting of carbon (C), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), and flerovium (Fl).
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Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
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Chalcogen
The chalcogens are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table.
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Chemical affinity
In chemical physics and physical chemistry, chemical affinity is the electronic property by which dissimilar chemical species are capable of forming chemical compounds.
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Chemical bond
A chemical bond is a lasting attraction between atoms, ions or molecules that enables the formation of chemical compounds.
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Chemical compound
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) composed of atoms from more than one element held together by chemical bonds.
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Chemical element
A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei (that is, the same atomic number, or Z).
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Chemical polarity
In chemistry, polarity is a separation of electric charge leading to a molecule or its chemical groups having an electric dipole or multipole moment.
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Chemical species
A chemical species is a chemical substance or ensemble composed of chemically identical molecular entities that can explore the same set of molecular energy levels on a characteristic or delineated time scale.
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Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.
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Chloric acid
Chloric acid, HClO3, is an oxoacid of chlorine, and the formal precursor of chlorate salts.
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Chlorine
Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17.
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Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is a chemical compound with the formula ClO2.
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Chlorous acid
Chlorous acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HClO2.
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Coordination complex
In chemistry, a coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents.
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Coordination number
In chemistry, crystallography, and materials science the coordination number, also called ligancy, of a central atom in a molecule or crystal is the number of atoms, molecules or ions bonded to it.
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Covalent bond
A covalent bond, also called a molecular bond, is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
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Crystal structure
In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules in a crystalline material.
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Cubical atom
The cubical atom was an early atomic model in which electrons were positioned at the eight corners of a cube in a non-polar atom or molecule.
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Diborane
Diborane is the chemical compound consisting of boron and hydrogen with the formula B2H6.
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Dichlorine heptoxide
Dichlorine heptoxide is the chemical compound with the formula Cl2O7.
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Dichloromethane
Methylene dichloride (DCM, or methylene chloride, or dichloromethane) is a geminal organic compound with the formula CH2Cl2.
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Dinitrogen pentoxide
Dinitrogen pentoxide is the chemical compound with the formula N2O5.
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Divalent
In chemistry, a divalent (sometimes bivalent) element, ion, functional group, or molecule has a valence of two.
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Edward Frankland
Sir Edward Frankland, (18 January 1825 – 9 August 1899) was a British chemist.
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Electron
The electron is a subatomic particle, symbol or, whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge.
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Electron shell
In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell, or a principal energy level, may be thought of as an orbit followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus.
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Electronegativity
Electronegativity, symbol ''χ'', is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons (or electron density) towards itself.
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Etymology
EtymologyThe New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".
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Gilbert N. Lewis
Gilbert Newton Lewis (October 25 (or 23), 1875 – March 23, 1946) was an American physical chemist known for the discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs; his Lewis dot structures and other contributions to valence bond theory have shaped modern theories of chemical bonding.
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Group (periodic table)
In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements.
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Halogen
The halogens are a group in the periodic table consisting of five chemically related elements: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
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Heuristic
A heuristic technique (εὑρίσκω, "find" or "discover"), often called simply a heuristic, is any approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery that employs a practical method, not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, logical, or rational, but instead sufficient for reaching an immediate goal.
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Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element with symbol H and atomic number 1.
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Hydrogen chloride
The compound hydrogen chloride has the chemical formula and as such is a hydrogen halide.
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Hydrogen peroxide
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula.
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Hydrogen sulfide
Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the chemical formula H2S.
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Hydroxy group
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.
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Hypervalent molecule
A hypervalent molecule (the phenomenon is sometimes colloquially known as expanded octet) is a molecule that contains one or more main group elements apparently bearing more than eight electrons in their valence shells.
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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations that represents chemists in individual countries.
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, and is the primary interaction occurring in ionic compounds.
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Iron(II) oxide
Iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula FeO.
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Iron(III) oxide
Iron(III) oxide or ferric oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Fe2O3.
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Irving Langmuir
Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist and physicist.
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IUPAC books
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry publishes many books, which contain its complete list of definitions.
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IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry is a systematic method of naming inorganic chemical compounds, as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).
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J. R. Partington
James Riddick Partington (30 June 1886 – 9 October 1965) was a British chemist and historian of chemistry who published multiple books and articles in scientific magazines.
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Lewis structure
Lewis structures, also known as Lewis dot diagrams, Lewis dot formulas, Lewis dot structures, electron dot structures, or Lewis electron dot structures (LEDS), are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
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Linus Pauling
Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, biochemist, peace activist, author, educator, and husband of American human rights activist Ava Helen Pauling.
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List of oxidation states of the elements
This is a list of known oxidation states of the chemical elements, excluding nonintegral values.
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Magnesium chloride
Magnesium chloride is the name for the chemical compound with the formula MgCl2 and its various hydrates MgCl2(H2O)x.
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Main-group element
In chemistry and atomic physics, the main group is the group of elements whose lightest members are represented by helium, lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine as arranged in the periodic table of the elements.
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Mercury(I) chloride
Mercury(I) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula Hg2Cl2.
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Methane
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen).
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Molecular entity
A molecular entity is "any constitutionally or isotopically distinct atom, molecule, ion, ion pair, radical, radical ion, complex, conformer, etc., identifiable as a separately distinguishable entity".
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Molecular orbital
In chemistry, a molecular orbital (MO) is a mathematical function describing the wave-like behavior of an electron in a molecule.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Network covalent bonding
A network solid or covalent network solid is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material.
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Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO.
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Nitrogen dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula.
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Non-covalent interactions
A non-covalent interaction differs from a covalent bond in that it does not involve the sharing of electrons, but rather involves more dispersed variations of electromagnetic interactions between molecules or within a molecule.
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Numeral prefix
Numeral or number prefixes are prefixes derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers.
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Octet rule
The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that reflects observation that atoms of main-group elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electron configuration as a noble gas.
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Orbital hybridisation
In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals into new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory.
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Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
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Oxidation state
The oxidation state, sometimes referred to as oxidation number, describes degree of oxidation (loss of electrons) of an atom in a chemical compound.
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Perchlorate
A perchlorate is the name for a chemical compound containing the perchlorate ion,.
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Perchloric acid
Perchloric acid is a mineral acid with the formula HClO4.
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Periodic table
The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, ordered by their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties, whose structure shows periodic trends.
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Phosphine
Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is the compound with the chemical formula PH3.
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Phosphorus pentachloride
Phosphorus pentachloride is the chemical compound with the formula PCl5.
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Pi bond
In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds where two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap two lobes of an orbital on another atom.
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Pnictogen
A pnictogen is one of the chemical elements in group 15 of the periodic table.
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Propane
Propane is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C3H8.
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Quantum chemistry
Quantum chemistry is a branch of chemistry whose primary focus is the application of quantum mechanics in physical models and experiments of chemical systems.
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Radical (chemistry)
In chemistry, a radical (more precisely, a free radical) is an atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Richard Abegg
Richard Wilhelm Heinrich Abegg (January 9, 1869 – April 3, 1910) was a German chemist and pioneer of valence theory.
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Ruthenium
Ruthenium is a chemical element with symbol Ru and atomic number 44.
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Ruthenium tetroxide
Ruthenium tetroxide (Ruthenium(VIII) oxide) is the inorganic compound with the formula RuO4.
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Rutherford model
The Rutherford model is a model of the atom devised by Ernest Rutherford.
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Sigma bond
In chemistry, sigma bonds (σ bonds) are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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Sodium cyanide
Sodium cyanide is an inorganic compound with the formula NaCN.
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Sodium hydride
Sodium hydride is the chemical compound with the empirical formula NaH.
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Stock nomenclature
Stock nomenclature for inorganic compounds is a widely used system of chemical nomenclature developed by the German chemist Alfred Stock and first published in 1919.
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Structural formula
The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure, showing how the atoms are arranged.
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Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula.
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Sulfur hexafluoride
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is an inorganic, colorless, odorless, non-flammable, extremely potent greenhouse gas, and an excellent electrical insulator.
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Sulfur trioxide
Sulfur trioxide (alternative spelling sulphur trioxide) is the chemical compound with the formula SO3.
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Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.
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Tetravalence
In chemistry, tetravalence is the state of an atom with four valence electrons available for covalent chemical bonding in its outermost electron shell, giving the atom a chemical valence of four.
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Three-center four-electron bond
The 3-center 4-electron (3c–4e−) bond is a model used to explain bonding in certain hypervalent molecules such as tetratomic and hexatomic interhalogen compounds, sulfur tetrafluoride, the xenon fluorides, and the bifluoride ion.
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Three-center two-electron bond
A three-center two-electron bond is an electron-deficient chemical bond where three atoms share two electrons.
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Transition metal
In chemistry, the term transition metal (or transition element) has three possible meanings.
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Transition metal oxo complex
A transition metal oxo complex is a coordination complex containing an oxo ligand.
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Valence bond theory
In chemistry, valence bond (VB) theory is one of two basic theories, along with molecular orbital (MO) theory, that were developed to use the methods of quantum mechanics to explain chemical bonding.
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Valence electron
In chemistry, a valence electron is an outer shell electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed; in a single covalent bond, both atoms in the bond contribute one valence electron in order to form a shared pair.
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VSEPR theory
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of individual molecules from the number of electron pairs surrounding their central atoms.
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Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
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William Higgins (chemist)
William Higgins (1763 – June 1825), an Irish chemist, was one of the early proponents of atomic theory.
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Combining capacity, Hexavalent, Monovalent ion, Multivalency, Multivalent, Pentavalent, Pentavalents, Periodic table (valence), Plurivalent, Trivalent, Trivalents, Valence (chemistry)/Table, Valence number, Valency (chemistry), Valency number, Zerovalent.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_(chemistry)
