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716 relations: Admirable Campaign, Adriano González León, AFP, Afro-Venezuelans, Age of majority, Agence France-Presse, Agriculture in Venezuela, Al Jazeera Media Network, ALBA, Alberto Arvelo Torrealba, Alemannic German, Algemeiner Journal, Alluvium, Alonso de Ojeda, Alpine tundra, Altiplano, Altitude, Amazon rainforest, Amazon River, Amazon river dolphin, Amazonas (Venezuelan state), Ambrosius Ehinger, American Revolution, Amerigo Vespucci, Amnesty International, Amphibian, Andes, Andrés Bello, Andrés Eloy Blanco, Angel Falls, Anti-Defamation League, Anticline, Antillean Creole, Antisemitism in Venezuela, Antonio Guzmán Blanco, Antonio Ledezma, Apure, Apure River, Arab Venezuelans, Aragua, Arauca River, Arawak language, Archean, Arepa, Armando Reverón, Arturo Michelena, Arturo Uslar Pietri, Aruba, Arutani language, Associated Press, ... Expand index (666 more) »
- Countries in South America
- Federal constitutional republics
- G15 nations
- Member states of OPEC
- Member states of the Union of South American Nations
- Spanish-speaking countries and territories
- States and territories established in 1811
Admirable Campaign
The Admirable Campaign was a military action led by Simón Bolívar in which the provinces of Mérida, Barinas, Trujillo and Caracas were conquered by the Patriots.
See Venezuela and Admirable Campaign
Adriano González León
Adriano González León (Valera, Trujillo State, 14 November 1931 - Caracas, 12 January 2008) was a Venezuelan writer who is known in his country for the novel País Portátil (1968), widely regarded as the premier Venezuelan novel of the latter half of the 20th century, and for his many years of hosting a television program dedicated to promoting literary appreciation among the general public.
See Venezuela and Adriano González León
AFP
AFP most often refers to.
Afro-Venezuelans
Afro-Venezuelans (Spanish: Afrovenezolanos) are Venezuelans of African descent.
See Venezuela and Afro-Venezuelans
Age of majority
The age of majority, also known as legal age, is the threshold of legal adulthood as recognized or declared in law.
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Agence France-Presse
Agence France-Presse (AFP) is a French international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.
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Agriculture in Venezuela
Agriculture in Venezuela has a much smaller share of the economy than in any other Latin American country.
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Al Jazeera Media Network
Al Jazeera Media Network (AJMN; The Peninsula) is a private-media conglomerate headquartered at Wadi Al Sail, Doha, funded in part by the government of Qatar.
See Venezuela and Al Jazeera Media Network
ALBA
ALBA or ALBA–TCP, formally the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America (Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América) or the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America – Peoples' Trade Treaty (Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América – Tratado de Comercio de los Pueblos), is an intergovernmental organization based on the idea of political and economic integration of Latin American and Caribbean countries.
Alberto Arvelo Torrealba
Alberto Arvelo Torrealba (September 3, 1905 – March 28, 1971), was a Venezuelan lawyer, educator and folklorical poet.
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Alemannic German
Alemannic, or rarely Alemannish (Alemannisch), is a group of High German dialects.
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Algemeiner Journal
The Algemeiner Journal, known informally as The Algemeiner, is a newspaper based in New York City that covers American and international Jewish and Israel-related news.
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Alluvium
Alluvium is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings.
Alonso de Ojeda
Alonso de Ojeda (c. 1466 – c. 1515) was a Spanish explorer, governor and conquistador.
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Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate.
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Altiplano
The Altiplano (Spanish for "high plain"), Collao (Quechua and Aymara: Qullaw, meaning "place of the Qulla") or Andean Plateau, in west-central South America, is the most extensive high plateau on Earth outside Tibet.
Altitude
Altitude is a distance measurement, usually in the vertical or "up" direction, between a reference datum and a point or object.
Amazon rainforest
The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America.
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Amazon River
The Amazon River (Río Amazonas, Rio Amazonas) in South America is the largest river by discharge volume of water in the world, and the longest or second-longest river system in the world, a title which is disputed with the Nile. The headwaters of the Apurímac River on Nevado Mismi had been considered for nearly a century the Amazon basin's most distant source until a 2014 study found it to be the headwaters of the Mantaro River on the Cordillera Rumi Cruz in Peru.
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Amazon river dolphin
The Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), also known as the boto, bufeo or pink river dolphin, is a species of toothed whale endemic to South America and is classified in the family Iniidae.
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Amazonas (Venezuelan state)
Amazonas State (Estado Amazonas) is one of the 23 states into which Venezuela is divided.
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Ambrosius Ehinger
Ambrosius Ehinger, also (Ambrosio Alfínger in Spanish) Dalfinger, Thalfinger, (ca. 1500 in Thalfingen near Ulm – 31 May 1533 near Chinácota in modern-day Colombia) was a German conquistador and the first governor of the Welser concession, also known as “Little Venice” (Klein-Venedig), in northern South America, now Venezuela.
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American Revolution
The American Revolution was a rebellion and political movement in the Thirteen Colonies which peaked when colonists initiated an ultimately successful war for independence against the Kingdom of Great Britain.
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Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo Vespucci (9 March 1451 – 22 February 1512) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term "America" is derived.
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Amnesty International
Amnesty International (also referred to as Amnesty or AI) is an international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom.
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Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia.
Andes
The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountain Range are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America.
Andrés Bello
Andrés de Jesús María y José Bello López (November 29, 1781 – October 15, 1865) was a Venezuelan humanist, diplomat, poet, legislator, philosopher, educator and philologist, whose political and literary works constitute an important part of Spanish American culture.
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Andrés Eloy Blanco
Andrés Eloy Blanco Meaño (6 August 1896 – 21 May 1955) was a noted Venezuelan poet and politician.
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Angel Falls
Angel Falls (Salto Ángel; Pemon: Kerepakupai Merú or Parakupá Vená) is a waterfall in Venezuela.
Anti-Defamation League
The Anti-Defamation League (ADL), formerly known as the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, is a New York–based international non-governmental organization that was founded to combat antisemitism, bigotry and discrimination.
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Anticline
In structural geology, an anticline is a type of fold that is an arch-like shape and has its oldest beds at its core, whereas a syncline is the inverse of an anticline.
Antillean Creole
Antillean Creole (also known as Lesser Antillean Creole) is a French-based creole that is primarily spoken in the Lesser Antilles.
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Antisemitism in Venezuela
Antisemitism in Venezuela has occurred throughout the history of the Jews in Venezuela.
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Antonio Guzmán Blanco
Antonio Leocadio Guzmán Blanco (28 February 1829 – 28 July 1899) was a Venezuelan military leader, statesman, diplomat and politician.
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Antonio Ledezma
Antonio José Ledezma Díaz (born 1 May 1955) is a Venezuelan lawyer, opposition politician and former political prisoner.
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Apure
Apure State (Estado Apure) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.
Apure River
The Apure River is a river of southwestern Venezuela, formed by the confluence of the Sarare and Uribante near Guasdualito, in Venezuela, at, and flowing across the Llanos into the Orinoco.
Arab Venezuelans
Arab Venezuelans (عرب فنزويلا; Árabe-Venezolano) refers to Venezuelan citizens of Arab origin or descent.
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Aragua
Aragua State (Estado Aragua) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.
Arauca River
The Arauca River (Río Arauca) rises in the Andes Mountains of north-central Colombia and ends at the Orinoco in Venezuela.
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Arawak language
Arawak (Arowak, Aruák), also known as Lokono (Lokono Dian, literally "people's talk" by its speakers), is an Arawakan language spoken by the Lokono (Arawak) people of South America in eastern Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
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Archean
The Archean Eon (also spelled Archaean or Archæan), in older sources sometimes called the Archaeozoic, is the second of the four geologic eons of Earth's history, preceded by the Hadean Eon and followed by the Proterozoic.
Arepa
Arepa is a type of flatbread made of ground maize dough stuffed with a filling, eaten in northern parts of South America since pre-Columbian times, and notable primarily in the cuisine of Colombia and Venezuela, but also present in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Central America.
Armando Reverón
Armando Reverón (May 10, 1889 – September 17, 1954) was a Venezuelan painter and sculptor, precursor of Arte Povera and considered one of the most important of the 20th century in Latin America.
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Arturo Michelena
Francisco Arturo Michelena Castillo (16 June 1863 – 29 July 1898) was a Venezuelan painter known for his historical and genre scenes and portraits.
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Arturo Uslar Pietri
Arturo Uslar Pietri (16 May 1906 in Caracas – 26 February 2001) was a Venezuelan intellectual, historian, writer, television producer, and politician.
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Aruba
Aruba, officially the Country of Aruba (Land Aruba; Pais Aruba), is a constituent country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, situated in the south of the Caribbean Sea. Venezuela and Aruba are former Spanish colonies.
Arutani language
Arutani (Orotani, Urutani, also known as Awake, Auake, Auaqué, Aoaqui, Oewaku, ethnonym Uruak) is a nearly extinct language spoken in Roraima, Brazil and in the Karum River area of Bolivar State, Venezuela.
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Associated Press
The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.
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Asturians
Asturians (asturianos) are a Romance ethnic group with Celtic roots, native to the autonomous community of Asturias, in the North-West of the Iberian Peninsula.
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.
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Attempted assassination of Rómulo Betancourt
On 24 June 1960 there was an assassination attempt against Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt, ordered by the Dominican dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo.
See Venezuela and Attempted assassination of Rómulo Betancourt
Auaké people
Auaké is a Native South American nation of the Amazon rainforest of Venezuela and Brazil.
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Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
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Bambuco
Bambuco is a traditional music genre from Colombia.
Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th president of the United States from 2009 to 2017.
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Baralt Theatre
El Teatro Baralt (English: The Baralt Theatre) is a theatre in downtown Maracaibo, Venezuela, at the northwestern corner of the historic Plaza Bolívar.
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Barí language
Barí is a Chibchan language spoken in Northwestern South America by the Barí (Motilon).
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Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz
The Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz Metropolitan Area, better known as Greater Barcelona, is a Venezuelan conurbation formed by the localities of Barcelona (capital of the Anzoátegui State), Puerto La Cruz, Guanta and Lecheria, forming one of the largest metropolitan areas of the country.
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Barquisimeto
Barquisimeto (Watkisimeeta) is a city in Venezuela.
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Bartholomeus VI. Welser
Bartholomeus VI.
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Basilica of Our Lady of Chiquinquirá, Maracaibo
La Chiquinquirá Church (Virgen de La Chiquinquirá) is a church in Maracaibo, Venezuela.
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Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a basket in diameter mounted high to a backboard at each end of the court), while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
Basque language
Basque (euskara) is the only surviving Paleo-European language spoken in Europe, predating the arrival of speakers of the Indo-European languages that dominate the continent today. Basque is spoken by the Basques and other residents of the Basque Country, a region that straddles the westernmost Pyrenees in adjacent parts of northern Spain and southwestern France.
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Battle of Carabobo
The Battle of Carabobo, on 24 June 1821, was fought between independence fighters, led by Venezuelan General Simón Bolívar, and the Royalist forces, led by Spanish Field Marshal Miguel de la Torre.
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Battle of Lake Maracaibo
The Battle of Lake Maracaibo also known as the "Naval Battle of the Lake" was fought on 24 July 1823 on Venezuela's Lake Maracaibo between fleets under the commands of Republican Admiral José Prudencio Padilla and royalist Captain Ángel Laborde.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
BBC Proms
The BBC Proms is an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events held annually, predominantly in the Royal Albert Hall in central London.
Benedict the Moor
Benedict the Moor (Benedetto il Moro.; 1526 – 4 April 1589) was a Sicilian Franciscan friar.
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Betancourt Doctrine
The Rómulo Betancourt Doctrine is a doctrine of foreign policy promoted by the president of Venezuela Rómulo Betancourt that establishes the rupture of diplomatic relations with governments without democratic and dictatorial origins.
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Bitumen
Bitumen is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum.
Bloomberg News
Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.
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Bolivarian Militia of Venezuela
The Bolivarian Militia of Venezuela, is a militia branch of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela.
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Bolivarian missions
The Bolivarian missions are a series of over thirty social programs implemented under the administration of former Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez and continued by Chávez's successor, Nicolás Maduro.
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Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela
The Bolivarian Navy of Venezuela (Armada Bolivariana de Venezuela), commonly known as the Venezuelan Navy, is the naval branch of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela.
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Bolivarian Revolution
The Bolivarian Revolution is an ongoing political process in Venezuela that was started by Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez, the founder of the Fifth Republic Movement and later the United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV), and his successor Nicolás Maduro.
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Bolivarianism
Bolivarianism is a mix of panhispanic, socialist and nationalist-patriotic ideals named after Simón Bolívar, the 19th-century Venezuelan general and liberator from the Spanish monarchy then in abeyance, who led the struggle for independence throughout much of South America.
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Bolivia
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. Venezuela and Bolivia are countries in South America, former Spanish colonies, member states of the Union of South American Nations, member states of the United Nations and Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America. Venezuela and Brazil are countries in South America, federal constitutional republics, G15 nations and member states of the United Nations.
British Guiana
British Guiana was a British colony, part of the mainland British West Indies.
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British West Indies
The British West Indies (BWI) were colonised British territories in the West Indies: Anguilla, the Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Montserrat, the British Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, The Bahamas, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, British Guiana (now Guyana) and Trinidad and Tobago.
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Brocchinia reducta
Brocchinia reducta is a carnivorous plant in the bromeliad family.
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Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
Bulletin of Latin American Research
Bulletin of Latin American Research is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on Latin American studies, including Latin America, the Caribbean, inter-American relations, and the Latin American diaspora.
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Caballo Viejo
"Caballo Viejo" ('Old Horse') is a Venezuelan folk song written and composed by Simón Díaz, which appears on the 1980 album Golpe Y Pasaje.
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Cacique
A cacique, sometimes spelled as cazique (feminine form: cacica), was a tribal chieftain of the Taíno people, who were the indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles at the time of European contact with those places.
Calypso music
Calypso is a style of Caribbean music that originated in Trinidad and Tobago during the early to mid-19th century and spread to the rest of the Caribbean Antilles by the mid-20th century.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
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Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (Société Radio-Canada), branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is the Canadian public broadcaster for both radio and television.
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Canaima National Park
Canaima National Park (Parque Nacional Canaima) is a park in south-eastern Venezuela that roughly occupies the same area as the Gran Sabana region.
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Canary Islands
The Canary Islands (Canarias), also known informally as the Canaries, are a Spanish region, autonomous community and archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean.
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Capital District (Venezuela)
The Capital District (Distrito Capital) is a federal district of Venezuela.
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Capital flight
Capital flight, in economics, occurs when assets or money rapidly flow out of a country, due to an event of economic consequence or as the result of a political event such as regime change or economic globalization.
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Captaincy General of Venezuela
The Captaincy General of Venezuela (Capitanía General de Venezuela), was an administrative district of colonial Spain, created on September 8, 1777, through the Royal Decree of Graces of 1777, to provide more autonomy for the provinces of Venezuela, previously under the jurisdiction of the Audiencia of Santo Domingo (and thus the Viceroyalty of New Spain) and then the Viceroyalty of New Granada. Venezuela and Captaincy General of Venezuela are Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
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Capybara
The capybara or greater capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) is a giant cavy rodent native to South America.
Caquetio
Caquetío are natives of northwestern Venezuela, living along the shores of Lake Maracaibo at the time of the Spanish conquest.
Car
A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels.
Caracas
Caracas, officially Santiago de León de Caracas (CCS), is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas).
Caracazo
The Caracazo is the name given to the wave of protests, riots and looting. that started on 27 February 1989 in the Venezuelan city of Guarenas, spreading to Caracas and surrounding towns following austerity measures from President Carlos Andrés Pérez. The weeklong clashes resulted in the deaths of hundreds, thousands by some accounts, mostly at the hands of security forces and the military.Amnesty International, March 1990, Reports of Arbitrary Killings and Torture:, February/March 1989, AI Index: AMR 53/02/90, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/amr53/002/1991/en/ The riots and the protests began mainly in response to the government's economic reforms and the resulting increase in the price of gasoline and transportation.
Cariaco Basin
The Cariaco Basin lies off the north central coast of Venezuela and forms the Gulf of Cariaco.
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Carib language
Carib or Kari'nja is a Cariban language spoken by the Kalina people (Caribs) of South America.
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Caribbean
The Caribbean (el Caribe; les Caraïbes; de Caraïben) is a subregion of the Americas that includes the Caribbean Sea and its islands, some of which are surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some of which border both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean; the nearby coastal areas on the mainland are sometimes also included in the region.
Caribbean Sea
The Caribbean Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean in the tropics of the Western Hemisphere.
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Carlos Andrés Pérez
Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez (27 October 1922 – 25 December 2010) also known as CAP and often referred to as El Gocho (due to his Andean origins), was a Venezuelan politician who served as the 47th and 50th president of Venezuela from 1974 to 1979 and again from 1989 to 1993.
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Carlos Cruz-Diez
Carlos Cruz-Diez (17 August 1923 – 27 July 2019) was a Venezuelan artist said by some scholars to have been "one of the greatest artistic innovators of the 20th century.".
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Carlos Delgado Chalbaud
Carlos Román Delgado Chalbaud Gómez (20 January 1909 – 13 November 1950) was a Venezuelan military officer who served as president of Venezuela from 1948 to 1950 as leader of a military junta.
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Carlos Raúl Villanueva
Carlos Raúl Villanueva Astoul (May 30, 1900 – August 16, 1975) was a Venezuelan modernist architect.
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Caroní River
The Caroní River is the second most important river of Venezuela, the second in flow, and one of the longest, from the Kukenan tepui through to its confluence with the Orinoco River.
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Carter Center
The Carter Center is a nongovernmental, not-for-profit organization founded in 1982 by former U.S. President Jimmy Carter.
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Cassava
Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, manioc,--> or yuca (among numerous regional names), is a woody shrub of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, native to South America, from Brazil, Paraguay and parts of the Andes.
Catatumbo River
The Catatumbo River (Río Catatumbo) is a river rising in northern Colombia, flowing into Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
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Catholic Church in Venezuela
The Catholic Church in Venezuela is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
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Cattleya mossiae
Cattleya mossiae (literally 'Moss' Cattleya'), commonly known as the Easter orchid, is a species of labiate Cattleya orchid.
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Caudillo
A caudillo (cabdillo, from Latin capitellum, diminutive of caput "head") is a type of personalist leader wielding military and political power.
Center for Economic and Policy Research
The Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR) is an American think tank that specializes in economic policy.
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Central Bank of Venezuela
The Central Bank of Venezuela (Banco Central de Venezuela, BCV) is the central bank of Venezuela.
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Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
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Central University of Venezuela
The Central University of Venezuela (Universidad Central de Venezuela; UCV) is a public university located in Caracas, Venezuela.
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Cesar Baena
Cesar Baena (born 2 November 1986) is a Venezuelan former cross-country skier and former Guinness World Record holder.
Chacao Municipality
Chacao is one of the five political and administrative subdivisions of the city of Caracas, Venezuela.
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Chaima
Chaima (شيماء) is a feminine given name of Arabic origin.
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V (Ghent, 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was Holy Roman Emperor and Archduke of Austria from 1519 to 1556, King of Spain from 1516 to 1556, and Lord of the Netherlands as titular Duke of Burgundy from 1506 to 1555.
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China Railway
China State Railway Group Co., Ltd., doing business as China Railway (CR), is the national passenger and freight railroad corporation of the People's Republic of China.
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Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
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Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus (between 25 August and 31 October 1451 – 20 May 1506) was an Italian explorer and navigator from the Republic of Genoa who completed four Spanish-based voyages across the Atlantic Ocean sponsored by the Catholic Monarchs, opening the way for the widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
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Cipriano Castro
José Cipriano Castro Ruiz (12 October 1858 – 4 December 1924) was a high-ranking officer of the Venezuelan military, politician and the president of Venezuela from 1899 to 1908.
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Ciudad Guayana
Ciudad Guayana (English: Guayana City) is a city in Bolívar State, Venezuela.
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Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system originating in Italy and France that has been adopted in large parts of the world.
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Cloud forest
A cloud forest, also called a water forest, primas forest, or tropical montane cloud forest, is a generally tropical or subtropical, evergreen, montane, moist forest characterized by a persistent, frequent or seasonal low-level cloud cover, usually at the canopy level, formally described in the International Cloud Atlas (2017) as silvagenitus.
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CNBC
CNBC is an American business news channel owned by NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of Comcast's NBCUniversal.
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
CNN Business
CNN Business (formerly CNN Money) is a financial news and information website, operated by CNN.
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Coast
A coastalso called the coastline, shoreline, or seashoreis the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.
Colombia
Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America. Venezuela and Colombia are countries in South America, former Spanish colonies, member states of the United Nations and Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
Colonia Tovar
Colonia Tovar (Tovar Colony) is a cold mountain town of Venezuela, capital of the municipality Tovar in Aragua state.
See Venezuela and Colonia Tovar
Colonia Tovar dialect
The Colonia Tovar dialect, or Alemán Coloniero, is a dialect that is spoken in Colonia Tovar, Venezuela, and belongs to the Low Alemannic branch of German.
See Venezuela and Colonia Tovar dialect
Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
Commander-in-chief
A commander-in-chief or supreme commander is the person who exercises supreme command and control over an armed force or a military branch.
See Venezuela and Commander-in-chief
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
Communist Party of Venezuela
The Communist Party of Venezuela (Partido Comunista de Venezuela, PCV) is a communist party in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Communist Party of Venezuela
Compulsory voting
Compulsory voting, also called universal civic duty voting or mandatory voting, is the requirement that registered voters participate in an election.
See Venezuela and Compulsory voting
Congress of Angostura
The Congress of Angostura was convened by Simón Bolívar and took place in Angostura (today Ciudad Bolívar) during the wars of independence of Colombia and Venezuela, culminating in the proclamation of the Republic of Colombia (historiographically called Gran Colombia).
See Venezuela and Congress of Angostura
Constituent assembly
A constituent assembly (also known as a constitutional convention, constitutional congress, or constitutional assembly) is a body assembled for the purpose of drafting or revising a constitution.
See Venezuela and Constituent assembly
Constitution of Venezuela
The Constitution of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela (CRBV)) is the current and twenty-sixth constitution of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Constitution of Venezuela
Continent
A continent is any of several large geographical regions.
Conurbation
A conurbation is a region comprising a number of metropolises, cities, large towns, and other urban areas which, through population growth and physical expansion, have merged to form one continuous urban or industrially developed area.
Copa América
The CONMEBOL Copa América (Americas Cup; known until 1975 as the South American Football Championship), often simply called the Copa America, is the top men's quadrennial football tournament contested among national teams from South America.
See Venezuela and Copa América
Copei
COPEI, also referred to as the Social Christian Party (Partido Socialcristiano) or Green Party (Partido Verde), is a Christian democratic party in Venezuela.
Coral reef
A coral reef is an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals.
Cordillera
A cordillera is an extensive chain and/or network system of mountain ranges, such as those in the west coast of the Americas.
Cordillera de la Costa Central
The Cordillera de la Costa Central is a range of the Venezuelan Coastal Ranges System (Cordillera de la Costa), in northern Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Cordillera de la Costa Central
Coro region
The Sistema Coriano also known as Lara-Falcón Formation, Coro region or Coriano system is one of the eight natural regions of Venezuela.
Coro, Venezuela
Coro is the capital of Falcón State and the second oldest city in Venezuela (after Cumaná).
See Venezuela and Coro, Venezuela
Corruption in Venezuela
The level of corruption in Venezuela is very high by world standards and is prevalent throughout many levels of Venezuelan society.
See Venezuela and Corruption in Venezuela
Corruption Perceptions Index
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) is an index that scores and ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption, as assessed by experts and business executives.
See Venezuela and Corruption Perceptions Index
Cost
Cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce something or deliver a service, and hence is not available for use anymore.
Country
A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity.
Credit rating agency
A credit rating agency (CRA, also called a ratings service) is a company that assigns credit ratings, which rate a debtor's ability to pay back debt by making timely principal and interest payments and the likelihood of default.
See Venezuela and Credit rating agency
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).
Crisis in Venezuela
An ongoing socioeconomic and political crisis began in Venezuela during the presidency of Hugo Chávez and has worsened during the presidency of successor Nicolás Maduro.
See Venezuela and Crisis in Venezuela
Cristóbal Rojas (artist)
Cristóbal Rojas (December 15, 1857 – November 8, 1890) was one of the most important and high-profile Venezuelan painters of the 19th century.
See Venezuela and Cristóbal Rojas (artist)
Cuatro (Venezuela)
The cuatro of Venezuela has four single nylon strings, tuned (ad'f#'b).
See Venezuela and Cuatro (Venezuela)
Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas
The Scientific, Penal and Criminalistic Investigation Service Corps (Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas, CICPC) is Venezuela's largest national police agency, responsible for criminal investigations and forensic services.
See Venezuela and Cuerpo de Investigaciones Científicas, Penales y Criminalísticas
Cult image
In the practice of religion, a cult image is a human-made object that is venerated or worshipped for the deity, spirit or daemon that it embodies or represents.
Culture of Spain
The culture of Spain is influenced by its Western origin, its interaction with other cultures in Europe, its historically Catholic religious tradition, and the varied national and regional identities within the country.
See Venezuela and Culture of Spain
Cumanagoto people
The Cumanagoto people are a group of Native Americans in South America.
See Venezuela and Cumanagoto people
Cumaná
Cumaná is the capital city of Venezuela's Sucre State. It is located east of Caracas. Cumaná was one of the first cities founded by Spain in the mainland Americas and is the oldest continuously-inhabited Hispanic-established city in South America. Its early history includes several successful counters by the indigenous people of the area who were attempting to prevent Spanish incursion into their land, resulting in the city being refounded several times.
Curaçao
Curaçao (or, or, Papiamentu), officially the Country of Curaçao (Land Curaçao; Papiamentu: Pais Kòrsou), is a Lesser Antilles island in the southern Caribbean Sea, specifically the Dutch Caribbean region, about north of Venezuela.
Damoctocog alfa pegol
Damoctocog alfa pegol, sold under the brand name Jivi is a recombinant DNA-derived, Factor VIII concentrate used to treat hemophilia A. The most common side effects include headache, cough, nausea, and fever. Damoctocog alfa pegol was approved for medical use in the United States in August 2018, and in the European Union in November 2018.
See Venezuela and Damoctocog alfa pegol
Default (finance)
In finance, default is failure to meet the legal obligations (or conditions) of a loan, for example when a home buyer fails to make a mortgage payment, or when a corporation or government fails to pay a bond which has reached maturity.
See Venezuela and Default (finance)
Delcy Rodríguez
Delcy Eloína Rodríguez Gómez (born 18 May 1969) is a Venezuelan lawyer, diplomat, and politician who has served as the vice president of Venezuela since 2018.
See Venezuela and Delcy Rodríguez
Delta Amacuro
Delta Amacuro State (Estado Delta Amacuro) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela, and is the location of the Orinoco Delta.
See Venezuela and Delta Amacuro
Democratic Action (Venezuela)
Democratic Action (Acción Democrática, AD) is a Venezuelan social democratic and centre-left political party established in 1941.
See Venezuela and Democratic Action (Venezuela)
Democratic backsliding
Democratic backsliding is a process of regime change toward autocracy in which the exercise of political power becomes more arbitrary and repressive.
See Venezuela and Democratic backsliding
Democratic Republican Union
The Democratic Republican Union (Unión Republicana Democrática, URD) is a Venezuelan political party founded in 1945.
See Venezuela and Democratic Republican Union
Democratic Unity Roundtable
The Democratic Unity Roundtable (Mesa de la Unidad Democrática, MUD) was a catch-all electoral coalition of Venezuelan political parties formed in January 2008 to unify the opposition to President Hugo Chávez's United Socialist Party of Venezuela in the 2010 Venezuelan parliamentary election.
See Venezuela and Democratic Unity Roundtable
Desert
A desert is a landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions create unique biomes and ecosystems.
Deserts and xeric shrublands
Deserts and xeric shrublands are a biome defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.
See Venezuela and Deserts and xeric shrublands
Diario 2001
2001 (Diario 2001) is a Venezuelan newspaper.
Diario Las Américas
Diario las Américas is the first Spanish-language newspaper founded in South Florida, the second oldest in the United States dedicated to Spanish-speaking readers, after La Opinión, in Los Angeles.
See Venezuela and Diario Las Américas
Dios y Federación
Dios y Federación (God and Federation) is considered the traditional state motto of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Dios y Federación
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
DK (publisher)
Dorling Kindersley Limited (branded as DK) is a British multinational publishing company specialising in illustrated reference books for adults and children in 63 languages.
See Venezuela and DK (publisher)
Dominant-party system
A dominant-party system, or one-party dominant system, is a political occurrence in which a single political party continuously dominates election results over running opposition groups or parties.
See Venezuela and Dominant-party system
Donald Trump
Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is an American politician, media personality, and businessman who served as the 45th president of the United States from 2017 to 2021.
See Venezuela and Donald Trump
Drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean.
See Venezuela and Drainage basin
Drainage system (geomorphology)
In geomorphology, drainage systems, also known as river systems, are the patterns formed by the streams, rivers, and lakes in a particular drainage basin.
See Venezuela and Drainage system (geomorphology)
Dropping out
Dropping out refers to leaving high school, college, university or another group for practical reasons, necessities, inability, apathy, or disillusionment with the system from which the individual in question leaves.
See Venezuela and Dropping out
Druze
The Druze (دَرْزِيّ, or دُرْزِيّ, rtl), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul.
Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908
The Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908 was a dispute that broke out between the Netherlands and Venezuela after the Venezuelan president, Cipriano Castro, cut off trade with the Dutch Caribbean island of Curaçao.
See Venezuela and Dutch–Venezuelan crisis of 1908
Economic depression
An economic depression is a period of carried long-term economic downturn that is the result of lowered economic activity in one major or more national economies.
See Venezuela and Economic depression
Economic inequality
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
See Venezuela and Economic inequality
Economic policy of the Hugo Chávez administration
From his election in 1998 until his death in March 2013, the administration of the late Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez proposed and enacted populist economic policies as part of his Bolivarian Revolution.
See Venezuela and Economic policy of the Hugo Chávez administration
Economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro administration
When elected in 2013, Nicolás Maduro continued the majority of existing economic policies of his predecessor Hugo Chávez.
See Venezuela and Economic policy of the Nicolás Maduro administration
Economic sanctions
Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by states or institutions against states, groups, or individuals.
See Venezuela and Economic sanctions
Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports.
See Venezuela and Economist Intelligence Unit
Ecuador
Ecuador, officially the Republic of Ecuador, is a country in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. Venezuela and Ecuador are countries in South America, former Spanish colonies, member states of the Union of South American Nations, member states of the United Nations and Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
Edmundo González Urrutia
Edmundo González Urrutia (born 29 August 1949) is a Venezuelan politician, diplomat, and political analyst.
See Venezuela and Edmundo González Urrutia
El Ávila National Park
The Ávila National Park, officially known as Waraira Repano National Park for its indigenous Cariban name, protects part of the Cordillera de la Costa Central mountain range, in the coastal region of central-northern Venezuela.
See Venezuela and El Ávila National Park
El Callao Municipality
The El Callao Municipality is one of the 11 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the Venezuelan state of Bolívar and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 21,769.
See Venezuela and El Callao Municipality
El Dorado
El Dorado (Spanish for "the golden") is commonly associated with the legend of a gold city, kingdom, or empire purportedly located somewhere in the Americas.
El Impulso (Venezuela)
El Impulso is the oldest newspaper in Venezuela founded in 1904.
See Venezuela and El Impulso (Venezuela)
El Nuevo Herald
El Nuevo Herald is a newspaper published daily in Spanish in Southeast Florida, United States.
See Venezuela and El Nuevo Herald
El País
() is a Spanish-language daily newspaper in Spain.
El Sistema
El Sistema (which translates to The System) is a publicly financed, voluntary sector, music-education program, founded in Venezuela in 1975 by Venezuelan educator, musician, and activist José Antonio Abreu.
El Trienio Adeco
El Trienio Adeco was a three-year period in Venezuelan history, from 1945 to 1948, under the government of the popular party Democratic Action (Acción Democratica, its adherents adecos).
See Venezuela and El Trienio Adeco
El Universal (Caracas)
El Universal is a major Venezuelan newspaper, headquartered in Caracas.
See Venezuela and El Universal (Caracas)
Eleazar López Contreras
José Eleazar López Contreras (5 May 1883 – 2 January 1973) was the president of Venezuela between 1935 and 1941.
See Venezuela and Eleazar López Contreras
Electricity sector in Venezuela
The electricity sector in Venezuela is heavily dependent on hydroelectricity, with this energy source accounting for 64% of the country's electricity generation in 2021.
See Venezuela and Electricity sector in Venezuela
Electronics
Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other electrically charged particles.
Encarta
Microsoft Encarta is a discontinued digital multimedia encyclopedia published by Microsoft from 1993 to 2009.
Endemism
Endemism is the state of a species only being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere.
Energy Information Administration
The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System responsible for collecting, analyzing, and disseminating energy information to promote sound policymaking, efficient markets, and public understanding of energy and its interaction with the economy and the environment.
See Venezuela and Energy Information Administration
Energy transition
An energy transition (or energy system transformation) is a major structural change to energy supply and consumption in an energy system.
See Venezuela and Energy transition
Enforced disappearance
An enforced disappearance (or forced disappearance) is the secret abduction or imprisonment of a person with the support or acquiescence of a state followed by a refusal to acknowledge the person's fate or whereabouts with the intent of placing the victim outside the protection of the law.
See Venezuela and Enforced disappearance
Environmental issues in Venezuela
Environmental issues in Venezuela include oil spills, illegal mining, deforestation, tourism, water shortages, pollution, poor waste management and hazards such as earthquakes, floods, rockslides, mudslides, and periodic droughts.
See Venezuela and Environmental issues in Venezuela
Equator
The equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
Essequibo River
The Essequibo River (Río Esequibo; originally called by Alonso de Ojeda; Río Dulce) is the largest river in Guyana, and the largest river between the Orinoco and Amazon. Rising in the Acarai Mountains near the Brazil–Guyana border, the Essequibo flows to the north for through forest and savanna into the Atlantic Ocean.
See Venezuela and Essequibo River
Estadio Monumental de Caracas Simón Bolívar
Estadio Monumental de Caracas Simón Bolívar (Monumental Stadium of Caracas Simón Bolívar) is a baseball stadium in the city of Caracas.
See Venezuela and Estadio Monumental de Caracas Simón Bolívar
Evangelicalism
Evangelicalism, also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes the centrality of sharing the "good news" of Christianity, being "born again" in which an individual experiences personal conversion, as authoritatively guided by the Bible, God's revelation to humanity.
See Venezuela and Evangelicalism
Express kidnapping
Express kidnapping (secuestro exprés; sequestro relâmpago) is a method of abduction where a small immediate ransom is demanded, often by the victim being forced to withdraw money from their ATM account.
See Venezuela and Express kidnapping
Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.
Fatherland for All
Fatherland for All (Patria Para Todos, PPT) is a leftist political party in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Fatherland for All
Fauna of Venezuela
The fauna of Venezuela consists of a huge variety of animals.
See Venezuela and Fauna of Venezuela
February 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt
The Venezuelan coup attempt of February 1992 was an attempt to seize control of the government of Venezuela by the Hugo Chávez-led Revolutionary Bolivarian Movement-200 (MBR-200) that took place on 4 February 1992.
See Venezuela and February 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt
Federal Dependencies of Venezuela
The Federal Dependencies of Venezuela (Dependencias Federales de Venezuela) encompass most of Venezuela's offshore islands in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Venezuela, excluding those islands that form the State of Nueva Esparta and some Caribbean coastal islands that are integrated with nearby states.
See Venezuela and Federal Dependencies of Venezuela
Federal War
The Federal War (Guerra Federal) — also known as the Great War or the Five Year War — was a civil war (1859–1863) in Venezuela between the Conservative Party and the Liberal Party over the monopoly the Conservatives held over government positions and land ownership, and their intransigence in granting any reforms.
Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics
The fencing competitions at the 2012 Olympic Games in London were held from 28 July to 5 August at the ExCeL Exhibition Centre.
See Venezuela and Fencing at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Fermín Toro
Fermín Toro y Blanco (Caracas- El Valle, 14 July 1806 - Caracas, 23 December 1865) was a Venezuelan humanist, politician, diplomat and author.
FIBA AmeriCup
The FIBA AmeriCup (previously known as the FIBA Americas Championship) is the Americas Basketball Championship that takes place every four years between national teams of the Western Hemisphere continents.
See Venezuela and FIBA AmeriCup
Fidel Castro
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008.
See Venezuela and Fidel Castro
Fifth Republic Movement
The Fifth Republic Movement (Spanish: Movimiento V República, MVR) was a socialist political party in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Fifth Republic Movement
First Republic of Venezuela
The First Republic of Venezuela (Primera República de Venezuela) was the first independent government of Venezuela, lasting from 5 July 1811, to 25 July 1812. Venezuela and first Republic of Venezuela are states and territories established in 1811.
See Venezuela and First Republic of Venezuela
Flag of Venezuela
The current eight-star flag of Venezuela was introduced in 2006.
See Venezuela and Flag of Venezuela
Fluvial sediment processes
In geography and geology, fluvial sediment processes or fluvial sediment transport are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by sediments.
See Venezuela and Fluvial sediment processes
Food
Food is any substance consumed by an organism for nutritional support.
Food loss and waste
Food loss and waste is food that is not eaten.
See Venezuela and Food loss and waste
Foreign exchange controls
Foreign exchange controls are various forms of controls imposed by a government on the purchase/sale of foreign currencies by residents, on the purchase/sale of local currency by nonresidents, or the transfers of any currency across national borders.
See Venezuela and Foreign exchange controls
Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy is an American news publication founded in 1970 focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy.
See Venezuela and Foreign Policy
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
The Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) is the ministry of foreign affairs and a ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
See Venezuela and Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office
Forest Landscape Integrity Index
The Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII) is an annual global index of forest condition measured by degree of anthropogenic modification.
See Venezuela and Forest Landscape Integrity Index
Formula One
Formula One, commonly known as Formula 1 or F1, is the highest class of international racing for open-wheel single-seater formula racing cars sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA).
Fox Business
Fox Business (officially known as Fox Business Network, or FBN) is an American conservative business news channel and website publication owned by the Fox News Media division of Fox Corporation.
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Fox News
The Fox News Channel (FNC), commonly known as Fox News, is an American multinational conservative news and political commentary television channel and website based in New York City.
Francisco de Miranda
Sebastián Francisco de Miranda y Rodríguez de Espinoza (28 March 1750 – 14 July 1816), commonly known as Francisco de Miranda, was a Venezuelan military leader and revolutionary who fought in the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolution and the Spanish American wars of independence.
See Venezuela and Francisco de Miranda
French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of political and societal change in France that began with the Estates General of 1789, and ended with the coup of 18 Brumaire in November 1799 and the formation of the French Consulate.
See Venezuela and French Revolution
Fulía
The term fulía refers to a variety of folk genres in Venezuela generally performed as part of the vigils of the Cruz de Mayo.
Gaita zuliana
Gaita zuliana (often simply called "gaita") is a style of Venezuelan folk music (and dance) from Maracaibo, Zulia State.
See Venezuela and Gaita zuliana
Galician language
Galician (galego), also known as Galego, is a Western Ibero-Romance language.
See Venezuela and Galician language
Galicians
Galicians (galegos; gallegos) are a Romance-speaking European ethnic group from northwestern Spain; they are closely related to the northern Portuguese people and has its historic homeland in Galicia, in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula.
Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing
The usage and pricing of gasoline (or petrol) results from factors such as crude oil prices, processing and distribution costs, local demand, the strength of local currencies, local taxation, and the availability of local sources of gasoline (supply).
See Venezuela and Gasoline and diesel usage and pricing
Gego
Gertrud Louise Goldschmidt (1 August 1912 – 17 September 1994), known as Gego, was a modern German-Venezuelan visual artist.
General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge
The General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge is located at the Tablazo Strait outlet of Lake Maracaibo, in western Venezuela.
See Venezuela and General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge
Georg von Speyer
Georg von Speyer (1500, Speyer, Holy Roman Empire – 11 June 1540, Coro, Klein-Venedig) was a German conquistador in New Granada and Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Georg von Speyer
German colonization of the Americas
German attempts at the colonization of the Americas consisted of German Venezuela (Klein-Venedig, also Welser-Kolonie), St. Thomas and Crab Island in the 16th and 17th centuries.
See Venezuela and German colonization of the Americas
German Venezuelans
German Venezuelans (Deutsch-Venezolaner; Germano-venezolanos) are Venezuelan citizens who descend from Germans or German people with Venezuelan citizenship.
See Venezuela and German Venezuelans
Giant anteater
The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is an insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America.
See Venezuela and Giant anteater
Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight.
GlobalPost
GlobalPost Media Corporation is an American digital journalism company and former news website that focuses on international news.
Gloria al Bravo Pueblo
"Gloria al Bravo Pueblo" ("Glory to the Brave People") is the national anthem of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Gloria al Bravo Pueblo
Gneiss
Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of metamorphic rock.
Government of Canada
The Government of Canada (Gouvernement du Canada) is the body responsible for the federal administration of Canada.
See Venezuela and Government of Canada
Gran Colombia
Gran Colombia ("Great Colombia"), or Greater Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: República de Colombia), was a state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831.
See Venezuela and Gran Colombia
Granite
Granite is a coarse-grained (phaneritic) intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of quartz, alkali feldspar, and plagioclase.
Grenada
Grenada (Grenadian Creole French: Gwenad) is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea. Venezuela and Grenada are member states of the United Nations.
Grover Cleveland
Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837June 24, 1908) was an American politician who served as the 22nd and 24th president of the United States from 1885 to 1889 and from 1893 to 1897.
See Venezuela and Grover Cleveland
Guahibo language
Guahibo, the native language of the Guahibo people, is a Guahiban language that is spoken by about 23,006 people in Colombia and additional 8,428 in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Guahibo language
Guaicaipuro
Cacique Guaicaipuro was a legendary native (indigenous) Venezuelan chief of both the Teques and Caracas tribes.
Guayana natural region
The Guayana natural region (Spanish: Región natural de Guayana), also simply known as Guayana (English: Guiana) in Venezuela, is a large massif of approximately area, equivalent to 48.2% of the total continental territory of the country.
See Venezuela and Guayana natural region
Guayana Province
Guayana Province (1585−1864) was a former province of Spanish Colonial Venezuela and independent Venezuela, located in the Guyana region of northeastern South America.
See Venezuela and Guayana Province
Guayana Region, Venezuela
The Guayana Region is an administrative region of eastern Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Guayana Region, Venezuela
Guiana Shield
The Guiana Shield (Plateau des Guyanes, Bouclier guyanais; Hoogland van Guyana, Guianaschild; Planalto das Guianas, Escudo das Guianas; Escudo guayanés) is one of the three cratons of the South American Plate.
See Venezuela and Guiana Shield
Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
The Royal Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas (modern spelling variant Gipuzkoan, known also as the Guipuzcoana Company, Real Compañia Guipuzcoana de Caracas; Caracasko Gipuzkoar Errege Konpainia) was a Spanish Basque trading company in the 18th century chartered by the Spanish Crown, operating from 1728 to 1785, which had a monopoly on Venezuelan trade.
See Venezuela and Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
Gulf of Paria
The Gulf of Paria (Golfo de Paria) is a shallow (180 m at its deepest) semi-enclosed inland sea located between the island of Trinidad and the east coast of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Gulf of Paria
Gulf of Venezuela
The Gulf of Venezuela is a gulf of the Caribbean Sea bounded by the Venezuelan states of Zulia and Falcón and by La Guajira Department, Colombia.
See Venezuela and Gulf of Venezuela
Guri Dam
The Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant, also Guri Dam (Central Hidroeléctrica Simón Bolívar or Represa de Guri), previously known as the Raúl Leoni Hydroelectric Plant, is a concrete gravity and embankment dam in Bolívar State, Venezuela, on the Caroni River, built from 1963 to 1969.
Guri Reservoir
The Guri reservoir is the largest reservoir in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Guri Reservoir
Guyana
Guyana, officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana, is a country on the northern coast of South America, part of the historic mainland British West Indies. Guyana is an indigenous word which means "Land of Many Waters". Georgetown is the capital of Guyana and is also the country's largest city. Venezuela and Guyana are countries in South America, member states of the Union of South American Nations and member states of the United Nations.
Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute
The Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute is an ongoing territorial dispute between Guyana and Venezuela over the Essequibo region, also known as Esequibo or Guayana Esequiba in Spanish, a area west of the Essequibo River.
See Venezuela and Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute
Habitat
In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species.
Handicraft
A handicraft is a traditional main sector of craft making and applies to a wide range of creative and design activities that are related to making things with one's hands and skill, including work with textiles, moldable and rigid materials, paper, plant fibers, clay, etc.
Handroanthus chrysanthus
Handroanthus chrysanthus (araguaney or yellow ipê), formerly classified as Tabebuia chrysantha, also known as araguaney in Venezuela, as guayacán in Colombia and Panama, as chonta quiru in Peru, and Ecuador, as tajibo in Bolivia, and as ipê-amarelo in Brazil, is a native tree of the intertropical broadleaf deciduous forests of South America above the Tropic of Capricorn.
See Venezuela and Handroanthus chrysanthus
Head of government
In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
See Venezuela and Head of government
Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
See Venezuela and Head of state
Heavy crude oil
Heavy crude oil (or extra heavy crude oil) is highly viscous oil that cannot easily flow from production wells under normal reservoir conditions.
See Venezuela and Heavy crude oil
Heliamphora
The genus Heliamphora (or; Greek: helos "marsh" and amphoreus "amphora") contains 24 species of pitcher plants endemic to South America.
Henrique Capriles
Henrique Capriles Radonski (born 11 July 1972) is a Venezuelan politician and lawyer, who served as the 36th Governor of Miranda from 2008 to 2017.
See Venezuela and Henrique Capriles
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); it is a type of viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that affects the liver; it is a type of viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D is a type of viral hepatitis caused by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV).
Hodï language
The Hodï (Jodï, Jotí, Hoti) language, also known as Yuwana (Yoana), Waruwaru, or Chikano (Chicano), is a small unclassified language spoken by the Hodï people of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Hodï language
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Imperator Romanorum, Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period (Imperator Germanorum, Roman-German emperor), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.
See Venezuela and Holy Roman Emperor
HuffPost
HuffPost (The Huffington Post until 2017; often abbreviated as HuffPo) is an American progressive news website, with localized and international editions.
Hugo Chávez
Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (28 July 1954 – 5 March 2013) was a Venezuelan politician and military officer who served as the 47th president of Venezuela from 1999 until his death in 2013, except for a brief period of forty-seven hours in 2002.
Human rights in Venezuela
The record of human rights in Venezuela has been criticized by human rights organizations such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International.
See Venezuela and Human rights in Venezuela
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
See Venezuela and Human Rights Watch
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power).
See Venezuela and Hydroelectricity
Hydropower
Hydropower (from Ancient Greek -, "water"), also known as water power, is the use of falling or fast-running water to produce electricity or to power machines.
Hyperinflation in Venezuela
Hyperinflation in Venezuela was the currency instability in Venezuela that began in 2016 during the country's ongoing socioeconomic and political crisis.
See Venezuela and Hyperinflation in Venezuela
Ibis
The ibis (collective plural ibises; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae that inhabit wetlands, forests and plains.
Iguana
Iguana is a genus of herbivorous lizards that are native to tropical areas of Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
Illegal drug trade in Colombia
The illegal drug trade in Colombia has, since the 1970s, centered successively on four major drug trafficking cartels: Medellín, Cali, Norte del Valle, and North Coast, as well as several bandas criminales, or BACRIMs.
See Venezuela and Illegal drug trade in Colombia
Illegal drug trade in Venezuela
Illegal drug trade in Venezuela is the practice of illegal drug trading in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Illegal drug trade in Venezuela
Illegal immigration
Illegal immigration is the migration of people into a country in violation of that country's immigration laws, or the continuous residence in a country without the legal right to.
See Venezuela and Illegal immigration
Immigration to Venezuela
Immigration to Venezuela historically has been significant.
See Venezuela and Immigration to Venezuela
Immunity (medicine)
In biology, immunity is the state of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process, especially a pathogen or infectious disease.
See Venezuela and Immunity (medicine)
Index of Venezuela-related articles
The following is an alphabetical list of topics related to Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Index of Venezuela-related articles
Indigenous languages of the Americas
The Indigenous languages of the Americas are a diverse group of languages that originated in the Americas prior to colonization, many of which continue to be spoken.
See Venezuela and Indigenous languages of the Americas
Indigenous peoples in Venezuela
Indigenous people in Venezuela, Amerindians or Native Venezuelans, form about 2% of the population of Venezuela,Van Cott (2003), "Andean Indigenous Movements and Constitutional Transformation: Venezuela in Comparative Perspective", Latin American Perspectives 30(1), p52 although many Venezuelans are mixed with Indigenous ancestry.
See Venezuela and Indigenous peoples in Venezuela
Infant mortality
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday.
See Venezuela and Infant mortality
Insular Region, Venezuela
The Insular Region (Región Insular) is one of the eight natural regions of Venezuela and one of the 10 administrative regions in which Venezuela was divided for its development plans; it comprises all of the nation's islands, and is formed by the state of Nueva Esparta and the Federal Dependencies.
See Venezuela and Insular Region, Venezuela
Inter-American Democratic Charter
The Inter-American Democratic Charter was adopted on 11 September 2001 by a special session of the General Assembly of the Organization of American States, held in Lima, Peru.
See Venezuela and Inter-American Democratic Charter
International Futures
International Futures (IFs) is a global integrated assessment model designed to help with thinking strategically and systematically about key global systems (economic, demographic, education, health, environment, technology, domestic governance, infrastructure, agriculture, energy and environment).
See Venezuela and International Futures
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
See Venezuela and International Monetary Fund
International rankings of Venezuela
These are the international rankings of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and International rankings of Venezuela
International reactions to the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election
International reactions to the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election of Incumbent President Nicolás Maduro on 28 July 2024 emerged from around the world, including from states and international institutions.
See Venezuela and International reactions to the 2024 Venezuelan presidential election
International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Abkhazia and South Ossetia are separatist regions of Georgia in the Caucasus.
See Venezuela and International recognition of Abkhazia and South Ossetia
Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.
Irreligion in Latin America
Irreligion in Latin America refers to various types of irreligion, including atheism, agnosticism, deism, secular humanism, secularism and non-religious.
See Venezuela and Irreligion in Latin America
Isaías Medina Angarita
Isaías Medina Angarita (6 July 1897 – 15 September 1953) was a Venezuelan military and political leader, the president of Venezuela from 1941 until 1945, during World War II.
See Venezuela and Isaías Medina Angarita
Italian Venezuelans
Italian Venezuelans (italo-venezuelani; ítalo-venezolanos) are Venezuelan-born citizens who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Venezuela during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Italian Venezuelans
Jaguar
The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus Panthera native to the Americas.
Japreria language
Japrería (Yapreria) is a Cariban language of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Japreria language
Jesús Rafael Soto
Jesús Rafael Soto (June 5, 1923 – January 17, 2005) was a Venezuelan op and kinetic artist, a sculptor and a painter.
See Venezuela and Jesús Rafael Soto
Johns Hopkins University Press
Johns Hopkins University Press (also referred to as JHU Press or JHUP) is the publishing division of Johns Hopkins University.
See Venezuela and Johns Hopkins University Press
Joropo
The joropo, better known as Música Llanera, is a musical style resembling the fandango, and an accompanying dance.
José Antonio Páez
José Antonio Páez Herrera (13 June 1790 – 6 May 1873) was a Venezuelan leader who fought against the Spanish Crown for Simón Bolívar during the Venezuelan War of Independence.
See Venezuela and José Antonio Páez
José Gil Fortoul
José Gil Fortoul (25 November 1861, in Barquisimeto, Lara – 15 June 1943, in Caracas) was a Venezuelan writer, historian, and politician, who was briefly the acting president of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and José Gil Fortoul
José Prudencio Padilla
Admiral José Prudencio Padilla López (Riohacha, 19 March 1784, – Bogotá, Colombia, 2 October 1828) was a Neogranadine military leader who fought in the Spanish American wars of independence and a hero in the battles of independence for Gran Colombia (present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama).
See Venezuela and José Prudencio Padilla
José Tomás Boves
José Tomás Boves (Oviedo, Asturias, September 18, 1782 – Urica, Venezuela, December 5, 1814), was a royalist caudillo of the Llanos during the Venezuelan War of Independence, particularly remembered for his brutality and atrocities against those who supported Venezuelan independence.
See Venezuela and José Tomás Boves
Juan de Carvajal
Juan de Carvajal was a Spanish conquistador and one of the first governors of Venezuela Province.
See Venezuela and Juan de Carvajal
Juan Guaidó
Juan Gerardo Antonio Guaidó Márquez (born 28 July 1983) is a Venezuelan opposition politician.
Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo
Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo (13 December 1903 – 3 September 1979) was a prominent Venezuelan diplomat, politician and lawyer primarily responsible for the inception and creation of the OPEC, along with Saudi Arabian minister Abdullah Tariki.
See Venezuela and Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonzo
Juan Vicente Gómez
Juan Vicente Gómez Chacón (24 July 1857 – 17 December 1935) was a Venezuelan military general, politician and de facto ruler of Venezuela from 1908 until his death in 1935.
See Venezuela and Juan Vicente Gómez
Juan Vicente Torrealba
Juan Vicente Torrealba (20 February 1917 – 2 May 2019) was a Venezuelan harpist and composer of popular music.
See Venezuela and Juan Vicente Torrealba
Judiciary
The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law in legal cases.
Justice First
The Justice First (Primero Justicia) is a centre-right political party in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Justice First
Kalina people
The Kalina, also known as the Caribs or mainland Caribs and by several other names, are an Indigenous people native to the northern coastal areas of South America.
See Venezuela and Kalina people
Kapóng language
Kapóng is a Cariban language spoken mainly in Guyana, most commonly in the region of the Upper Mazaruni.
See Venezuela and Kapóng language
Kardecist spiritism
Spiritism or Kardecism is a reincarnationist and spiritualist doctrine established in France in the mid-19th century by writer and educator Hippolyte Léon Denizard Rivail (a.k.a. Allan Kardec).
See Venezuela and Kardecist spiritism
Karu language
Karu, one of several languages called Baniwa (Baniva), or in older sources Itayaine (Iyaine), is an Arawakan language spoken in Guainía, Colombia, Venezuela, and Amazonas, Brazil.
See Venezuela and Karu language
Kinetic art
Kinetic art is art from any medium that contains movement perceivable by the viewer or that depends on motion for its effects.
Kingfisher
Kingfishers are a family, the Alcedinidae, of small to medium-sized, brightly coloured birds in the order Coraciiformes.
Klein-Venedig
italics or Welserland (pronunciation) was the most significant territory of the German colonization of the Americas, from 1528 to 1546, in which the Welser banking and patrician family of the Free Imperial Cities of Augsburg and Nuremberg obtained colonial rights in the Province of Venezuela in return for debts owed by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, who was also King of Spain.
See Venezuela and Klein-Venedig
La Chinita International Airport
La Chinita International Airport is an international airport serving Maracaibo, the capital of Zulia.
See Venezuela and La Chinita International Airport
La Guaira
La Guaira is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of the same name (formerly named Vargas) and the country's main port.
La Patilla
La Patilla (English: The Watermelon) is a Venezuelan news website that was founded by Alberto Federico Ravell, co-founder and former CEO of Globovisión, in 2010.
Lake Maracaibo
Lake Maracaibo (Lago de Maracaibo) is a brackish lake located in northwestern Venezuela, between the states of Zulia, Trujillo, and Mérida.
See Venezuela and Lake Maracaibo
Landscape
A landscape is the visible features of an area of land, its landforms, and how they integrate with natural or human-made features, often considered in terms of their aesthetic appeal.
Languages of Venezuela
The languages of Venezuela refers to the official languages and various dialects spoken in established communities within the country.
See Venezuela and Languages of Venezuela
Last Glacial Period
The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.
See Venezuela and Last Glacial Period
Late Pleistocene
The Late Pleistocene is an unofficial age in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, also known as the Upper Pleistocene from a stratigraphic perspective.
See Venezuela and Late Pleistocene
Latin American Integration Association
The Latin American Integration Association / Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración / Associação Latino-Americana de Integração (LAIA / ALADI) is an international and regional scope organization.
See Venezuela and Latin American Integration Association
Laureano Vallenilla Lanz
Laureano Vallenilla Lanz (November 10, 1870 – November 16, 1936) was a Venezuelan intellectual and sociologist who occupied the presidency of the congress for 20 years during the Gomez regime.
See Venezuela and Laureano Vallenilla Lanz
Law of Venezuela
The legal system of Venezuela belongs to the Continental Law tradition.
See Venezuela and Law of Venezuela
Lebanese people
The Lebanese people (الشعب اللبناني / ALA-LC) are the people inhabiting or originating from Lebanon.
See Venezuela and Lebanese people
Leeward Antilles
The Leeward Antilles (Benedenwindse Eilanden) are a chain of islands in the Caribbean – specifically the southerly islands of the Lesser Antilles (and, in turn, the Antilles and the West Indies) along the southeastern fringe of the Caribbean Sea, just north of the Venezuelan coast of the South American mainland.
See Venezuela and Leeward Antilles
Left-wing populism
Left-wing populism, also called social populism, is a political ideology that combines left-wing politics with populist rhetoric and themes.
See Venezuela and Left-wing populism
Leopoldo López
Leopoldo Eduardo López Mendoza (born 29 April 1971) is a Venezuelan opposition leader.
See Venezuela and Leopoldo López
Library of Congress Country Studies
The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the United States Library of Congress, freely available for use by researchers.
See Venezuela and Library of Congress Country Studies
Light skin
Light skin is a human skin color that has a low level of eumelanin pigmentation as an adaptation to environments of low UV radiation.
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
See Venezuela and Lingua franca
List of airports in Venezuela
Venezuela, officially known as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America.
See Venezuela and List of airports in Venezuela
List of Christian denominations
A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity, identified by traits such as a name, organization and doctrine.
See Venezuela and List of Christian denominations
List of countries and dependencies by area
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies by land, water, and total area, ranked by total area.
See Venezuela and List of countries and dependencies by area
List of countries by oil exports
This is a list of oil-producing countries by oil exports based on data for 2022 by Oil in this list refers to base crude oil only, and not refined petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel and airplane fuel.
See Venezuela and List of countries by oil exports
List of countries by proven oil reserves
Proven oil reserves are those quantities of petroleum which, by analysis of geological and engineering data, can be estimated, with a high degree of confidence, to be commercially recoverable from a given date forward from known reservoirs and under current economic conditions.
See Venezuela and List of countries by proven oil reserves
List of countries by road network size
This is a list of countries (or regions) by total road network size, both paved and unpaved.
See Venezuela and List of countries by road network size
List of national parks of Venezuela
The national parks of Venezuela are protected areas in Venezuela covering a wide range of habitats.
See Venezuela and List of national parks of Venezuela
List of political parties in Venezuela
This article lists political parties in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and List of political parties in Venezuela
List of Venezuelan artists
This is a list of artists, in chronological and period order, who were born in Venezuela or whose artworks are closely associated with the country.
See Venezuela and List of Venezuelan artists
Lists of islands
This is a list of the lists of islands in the world grouped by country, by continent, by body of water, and by other classifications.
See Venezuela and Lists of islands
Llanero
A llanero ('plainsman') is a South American herder.
Llanos
The Llanos (Spanish Los Llanos, "The Plains") is a vast tropical grassland plain situated to the east of the Andes in Colombia and Venezuela, in northwestern South America.
Los Roques Archipelago
The Los Roques Archipelago (Spanish: Archipiélago de Los Roques) is a federal dependency of Venezuela consisting of approximately 350 islands, cays, and islets in a total area of 40.61 square kilometers.
See Venezuela and Los Roques Archipelago
Los Teques
Los Teques is the capital of the state of Miranda, and the municipality of Guaicaipuro in north-central Venezuela.
Machiques
Machiques is a city in Zulia State, Venezuela, located in the northwest portion of the country.
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems.
See Venezuela and Malnutrition
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
Manatee
Manatees (family Trichechidae, genus Trichechus) are large, fully aquatic, mostly herbivorous marine mammals sometimes known as sea cows.
Mangrove
A mangrove is a shrub or tree that grows mainly in coastal saline or brackish water.
Mannophryne trinitatis
The yellow-throated frog, Trinidadian stream frog, or Trinidad poison frog (Mannophryne trinitatis) is a diurnal species of frog in the family Aromobatidae that is endemic to the island of Trinidad in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.
See Venezuela and Mannophryne trinitatis
Manuel Cabré
Manuel Cabré (January 25, 1890 – February 26, 1984) was a noted Spanish-Venezuelan landscape painter who is remembered as "the painter of El Ávila" (El pintor de El Ávila).
See Venezuela and Manuel Cabré
Mapoyo-Yabarana language
Mapoyo, or Mapoyo–Yavarana, is a Carib language spoken along the Suapure and Parguaza Rivers, Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Mapoyo-Yabarana language
Maracaibo
Maracaibo (Marakaaya) is a city and municipality in northwestern Venezuela, on the western shore of the strait that connects Lake Maracaibo to the Gulf of Venezuela.
Maracaibo Basin
The Maracaibo Basin, also known as Lake Maracaibo natural region, Lake Maracaibo depression or Lake Maracaibo Lowlands, is a foreland basin and one of the eight natural regions of Venezuela, found in the northwestern corner of Venezuela in South America.
See Venezuela and Maracaibo Basin
Maracaibo Metro
The Maracaibo Metro, also known as Metro del Sol Amado, is a six-station light rail system in Maracaibo, Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Maracaibo Metro
Maracay
Maracay is a city in north-central Venezuela, near the Caribbean coast, and is the capital and most important city of the state of Aragua.
Marcos Pérez Jiménez
Marcos Evangelista Pérez Jiménez (25 April 1914 – 20 September 2001) was a Venezuelan military and general officer of the Army of Venezuela and the dictator of Venezuela from 1950 to 1958, ruling as member of the military junta from 1950 to 1952 and as president from 1952 to 1958.
See Venezuela and Marcos Pérez Jiménez
Margarita Island
Margarita Island (Isla de Margarita) is the largest island in the Venezuelan state of Nueva Esparta, situated off the northeastern coast of the country, in the Caribbean Sea.
See Venezuela and Margarita Island
Mariano Picón Salas
Mariano Federico Picón Salas was a Venezuelan diplomatic, cultural critic and writer of the 20th century, born in Mérida (Mérida State) on January 26, 1901, and died in Caracas on January 1, 1965.
See Venezuela and Mariano Picón Salas
Mariche people
Mariche is the name of a former native Venezuelan tribe.
See Venezuela and Mariche people
Marisol Escobar
Marisol Escobar (May 22, 1930 – April 30, 2016), otherwise known simply as Marisol, was a Venezuelan-American sculptor born in Paris, who lived and worked in New York City.
See Venezuela and Marisol Escobar
Marl
Marl is an earthy material rich in carbonate minerals, clays, and silt.
Martín Fernández de Enciso
Martín Fernández de Enciso (1470 – 1528) was a Spanish lawyer, colonial official and geographer.
See Venezuela and Martín Fernández de Enciso
Martín Tovar y Tovar
Martín Tovar y Tovar (10 February 1827 – 17 December 1902) was a Venezuelan painter, best known for his portraits and historical scenes.
See Venezuela and Martín Tovar y Tovar
Mass media in Venezuela
Mass media in Venezuela comprise the mass and niche news and information communications infrastructure of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Mass media in Venezuela
Médanos de Coro National Park
Médanos de Coro National Park (Parque Nacional Los Médanos de Coro) is a Venezuelan national park located in the state of Falcón, near the city of Coro on the road that leads to Paraguaná.
See Venezuela and Médanos de Coro National Park
Mérida (state)
The State of Mérida commonly known simply as Mérida (Estado Bolivariano de Mérida) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Mérida (state)
Mérida, Mérida
Mérida, officially known as Santiago de los Caballeros de Mérida, is the capital of the municipality of Libertador and the state of Mérida, and is one of the main cities of the Venezuelan Andes.
See Venezuela and Mérida, Mérida
Megadiverse countries
A megadiverse country is one of a group of nations that harbours the majority of Earth's species and high numbers of endemic species.
See Venezuela and Megadiverse countries
Mercosur
The Southern Common Market, commonly known by Spanish abbreviation Mercosur, and Portuguese Mercosul, is a South American trade bloc established by the Treaty of Asunción in 1991 and Protocol of Ouro Preto in 1994.
Metre
The metre (or meter in US spelling; symbol: m) is the base unit of length in the International System of Units (SI).
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
Miguel Otero Silva
Miguel Otero Silva (October 26, 1908 – August 28, 1985), was a Venezuelan writer, journalist, humorist and politician.
See Venezuela and Miguel Otero Silva
Millennium Development Goals
In the United Nations, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight international development goals for the year 2015 created following the Millennium Summit, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
See Venezuela and Millennium Development Goals
Mission Barrio Adentro
Mission Barrio Adentro (English: Mission Into the Neighborhood) is a Venezuelan social welfare program established by the President Hugo Chávez.
See Venezuela and Mission Barrio Adentro
Mixed economy
A mixed economy is an economic system that accepts both private businesses and nationalized government services, like public utilities, safety, military, welfare, and education.
See Venezuela and Mixed economy
Mochima National Park
Mochima National Park is located in the States of Anzoátegui and Sucre, on the northeastern coast of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Mochima National Park
Modernism
Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and subjective experience.
Monagas
Monagas State (Estado Monagas) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.
Monetary policy
Monetary policy is the policy adopted by the monetary authority of a nation to affect monetary and other financial conditions to accomplish broader objectives like high employment and price stability (normally interpreted as a low and stable rate of inflation).
See Venezuela and Monetary policy
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine is a United States foreign policy position that opposes European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere.
See Venezuela and Monroe Doctrine
Moreno Venezuelans
In Venezuela, Moreno (Spanish: Dark, Swarthy, Brown) is a broad term to describe those Venezuelans, who tend to be multiracial, typically those who are genetically intermediate between Africans, Amerindians and/or Europeans.
See Venezuela and Moreno Venezuelans
Morrocoy National Park
Morrocoy National Park is located on the easternmost coast of Falcón State and the northwest side of Golfo Triste, in the west central Venezuelan coast, near the towns of Boca de Aroa, Tucacas, Sanare, Chichiriviche, and Tocuyo de la Costa.
See Venezuela and Morrocoy National Park
Mountain range
A mountain range or hill range is a series of mountains or hills arranged in a line and connected by high ground.
See Venezuela and Mountain range
Movimiento al Socialismo (Venezuela)
The Movement for Socialism (Movimiento al Socialismo, or MAS) is a democratic socialist political party in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Movimiento al Socialismo (Venezuela)
Museum
A museum is an institution dedicated to displaying and/or preserving culturally or scientifically significant objects.
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
NACLA Report on the Americas
NACLA Report on the Americas is a political magazine produced by the North American Congress on Latin America.
See Venezuela and NACLA Report on the Americas
Narcoterrorism
Narcoterrorism, in its original context, is understood to refer to the attempts of narcotics traffickers to influence the policies of a government or a society through violence and intimidation, and to hinder the enforcement of anti-drug laws by the systematic threat or use of such violence.
See Venezuela and Narcoterrorism
National Assembly (Venezuela)
The National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional) is the legislature for Venezuela that was first elected in 2000.
See Venezuela and National Assembly (Venezuela)
National Electoral Council (Venezuela)
The National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral, CNE) is one of the five branches of government of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela that was designed to be loyal to revolution.
See Venezuela and National Electoral Council (Venezuela)
Nationally determined contribution
The nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are commitments that countries make to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions as part of climate change mitigation.
See Venezuela and Nationally determined contribution
Natural resource
Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications.
See Venezuela and Natural resource
Nature reserve
A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geological or other special interest, which is reserved and managed for purposes of conservation and to provide special opportunities for study or research.
See Venezuela and Nature reserve
Neotropical realm
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.
See Venezuela and Neotropical realm
New Andalusia Province
New Andalusia Province or Province of Cumaná (1537–1864) was a province of the Spanish Empire, and later of Gran Colombia and Venezuela.
See Venezuela and New Andalusia Province
Nheengatu language
The Nheengatu or Nenhengatu language (Tupi:, Nheengatu from Rio Negro: yẽgatu, Traditional Nheengatu: nhẽẽgatú and Tapajoawaran Nheengatu: nheẽgatu), or Nenhengatu, also known as Modern Tupi and Amazonic Tupi, is a Tupi–Guarani language.
See Venezuela and Nheengatu language
Nicolás Maduro
Nicolás Maduro Moros (born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician who has served as the 53rd President of Venezuela since 2013.
See Venezuela and Nicolás Maduro
Nikolaus Federmann
Nikolaus Federmann (Nicolás Féderman) (c. 1505, Ulm – February 1542, Valladolid) was a German adventurer and conquistador in what is modern-day Venezuela and Colombia.
See Venezuela and Nikolaus Federmann
Ninam language
Yanam, or Ninam, is a Yanomaman language spoken in Roraima, Brazil (800 speakers) and southern Venezuela near the Mucajai, upper Uraricaá, and Paragua rivers.
See Venezuela and Ninam language
November 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt
The Venezuelan coup attempt of November 1992 was an attempt to seize control of the government of Venezuela that took place on 27 November 1992.
See Venezuela and November 1992 Venezuelan coup attempt
NPR
National Public Radio (NPR, stylized as npr) is an American public broadcasting organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with its NPR West headquarters in Culver City, California.
Nueva Esparta
The Nueva Esparta State (in Spanish: Estado Nueva Esparta) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Nueva Esparta
Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health.
Oficina Nacional Antidrogas
The National Anti-Drug Office or ONA (in Spanish: Oficina Nacional Antidrogas) is a Venezuelan law enforcement agency of executive authority responsible for drafting state policy, legal regulation, control and monitoring in combating trafficking drugs, psychotropic substances, and their precursors.
See Venezuela and Oficina Nacional Antidrogas
Oil sands
Oil sands, tar sands, crude bitumen, or bituminous sands, are a type of unconventional petroleum deposit.
OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing and oil-dependent countries in order to collectively influence the global oil market and maximize profit.
Orchid
Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae, a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant.
Organization of American States
The Organization of American States (OAS or OEA; Organización de los Estados Americanos; Organização dos Estados Americanos; Organisation des États américains) is an international organization founded on 30 April 1948 to promote cooperation among its member states within the Americas.
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Organization of Ibero-American States
The Organization of Ibero-American States (Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos, Organização de Estados Iberoamericanos, Organització d'Estats Iberoamericans; abbreviated as OEI), formally the Organization of Ibero-American States for Education, Science and Culture, is an international organization made up of 23 members states of Iberophone nations in Europe and the Americas, as well as one member in Africa.
See Venezuela and Organization of Ibero-American States
Orinoco
The Orinoco is one of the longest rivers in South America at. Its drainage basin, sometimes known as the Orinoquia, covers ca 1 million km2, with 65% of it in Venezuela and the 35% in Colombia. It is the fourth largest river in the world by discharge volume of water. The nevertheless high volume flow (39,000 m3/s at delta) of the Orinoco can be explained by the high precipitation in almost the entire catchment area (ca 2,300 mm/a).
Orinoco crocodile
The Orinoco crocodile (Crocodylus intermedius) is a critically endangered crocodile.
See Venezuela and Orinoco crocodile
Orinoco Delta
The Orinoco Delta is a vast river delta of the Orinoco River, located in eastern Venezuela.
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Osprey
The osprey (Pandion haliaetus), historically known as sea hawk, river hawk, and fish hawk, is a diurnal, fish-eating bird of prey with a cosmopolitan range.
Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá
Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá or the Virgin of Chiquinquirá, is a Marian title of the Blessed Virgin Mary associated with a venerated image in the northern Andes region.
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Outline of Venezuela
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Venezuela: Venezuela – sovereign country located in northern South America.
See Venezuela and Outline of Venezuela
Pablo Morillo
Pablo Morillo y Morillo, Count of Cartagena and Marquess of La Puerta, a.k.a. El Pacificador (The Peace Maker) (5 May 1775 – 27 July 1837) was a Spanish military officer who fought in the Napoleonic Wars and in the Spanish American Independence Wars.
See Venezuela and Pablo Morillo
Palacio Federal Legislativo
The Palacio Federal Legislativo (English: Federal Legislative Palace), also known as the Capitolio, is a historic building in Caracas, Venezuela which houses both the National Assembly and the National Constituent Assembly.
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Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.
See Venezuela and Palgrave Macmillan
Panama
Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America. Venezuela and Panama are member states of the United Nations and Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
Panare language
Panare is a Cariban language, spoken by the Panare, who number 3,000–4,000 and live in Bolivar State in central Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Panare language
Pardo
In the former Portuguese and Spanish colonies in the Americas, pardos (feminine pardas) are triracial descendants of Southern Europeans, Indigenous Americans and West Africans.
Paria Peninsula
The Paria Peninsula is a large peninsula on the Caribbean Sea, in the state of Sucre in northern Venezuela.
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Pastor Maldonado
Pastor Rafael Maldonado Motta (born 9 March 1985) is a Venezuelan professional racing driver, who competed in Formula One for the Williams (2011–2013) and Lotus (2014–2015) teams and as a Pirelli test driver until 2017.
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Páramo
Páramo may refer to a variety of alpine tundra ecosystems located in the Andes Mountain Range, South America.
PDVSA
Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (acronym PDVSA) (English: Petroleum of Venezuela) is the Venezuelan state-owned oil and natural gas company.
Pedregal River
Pedregal River is a river of northern Venezuela.
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Pedro Carmona
Pedro Francisco Carmona Estanga (born 6 July 1941) is a former Venezuelan business leader who was briefly installed as acting president of Venezuela in place of Hugo Chávez, following the attempted military coup in April 2002.
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Pedro Elías Gutiérrez
Pedro Elías Gutiérrez (March 14, 1870–May 31, 1954) was a Venezuelan musician who is mainly remembered for the song Alma Llanera, whose music he composed for the zarzuela of the same name.
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Pemon
The Pemon or Pemón (Pemong) are indigenous people living in areas of Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana.
Pemon language
The Pemon language (or Pemón in Spanish), is an indigenous language of the Cariban family spoken by some 30,000 Pemon people, in Venezuela's Southeast, particularly in the Canaima National Park, in the Roraima State of Brazil and in Guyana.
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Peneplain
In geomorphology and geology, a peneplain is a low-relief plain formed by protracted erosion.
Peninsular War
The Peninsular War (1807–1814) was the military conflict fought in the Iberian Peninsula by Spain, Portugal, and the United Kingdom against the invading and occupying forces of the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars.
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Permanent Court of Arbitration
The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) is a non-UN intergovernmental organization headquartered at the Peace Palace, in The Hague, Netherlands.
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Petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art.
Petroleum reservoir
A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface accumulation of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations.
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Philipp von Hutten
Philipp von Hutten (18 December 1505 – 17 May 1546) was a German adventurer and an early European explorer and conquistador of Venezuela.
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Piapoco language
Piapoco is an Arawakan language of Colombia and Venezuela.
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Piaroa language
Piaroa (also called Guagua ~ Kuakua ~ Quaqua, Adole ~ Ature, Wo’tiheh) is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela, native to the Huottüja people.
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Piaroa people
The Piaroa people, known among themselves as the Huottüja or De'aruhua, are a South American indigenous ethnic group of the middle Orinoco Basin in present-day Colombia and Venezuela, living in an area larger than Belgium, roughly circumscribed by the Suapure, Parguaza (north), the Ventuari (south-east), the Manapiare (north-east) and the right bank of the Orinoco (west).
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Pico Bolívar
Pico Bolívar is the highest mountain in Venezuela, at 4,978 metres (16,332 ft).
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Pico Piedras Blancas
The Pico Piedras Blancas (also known as Misamán), at, is the highest mountain of the Sierra de la Culata range in the Mérida State, and the fifth-highest mountain in Venezuela.
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Piracy
Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable goods.
Plague (disease)
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.
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Polarity (international relations)
Polarity in international relations is any of the various ways in which power is distributed within the international system.
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Poliedro de Caracas
The Poliedro de Caracas ("Caracas Polyhedron Arena") is an indoor sports arena, located on the grounds adjacent to Hipodromo La Rinconada, in Caracas, Venezuela.
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Political prisoner
A political prisoner is someone imprisoned for their political activity.
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Popular democracy
Popular democracy is a notion of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices of empowerment and concretization of popular will.
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Populism
Populism is a range of political stances that emphasize the idea of "the people" and often juxtapose this group with "the elite".
Portuguesa River
The Portuguesa River (Spanish: Río Portuguesa, also Río la Portuguesa, Río de la Portuguesa) is a river of Venezuela.
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Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
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Portuguese Venezuelans
Portuguese Venezuelans (or Luso-Venezuelans) are Portuguese-born citizens with Venezuelan citizenship or Venezuelan-born citizens of Portuguese ancestry or citizenship.
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Positivism
Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positive—meaning ''a posteriori'' facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.
Prehistory
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.
President of Venezuela
The president of Venezuela (Presidente de Venezuela), officially known as the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Presidente de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is the head of state and head of government in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and President of Venezuela
Presidential system
A presidential system, or single executive system, is a form of government in which a head of government, typically with the title of president, leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch in systems that use separation of powers.
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Price of oil
The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus, and Western Canadian Select (WCS).
See Venezuela and Price of oil
Project Venezuela
Project Venezuela (Proyecto Venezuela) is a center-right political party in Venezuela.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is a branch of Christianity that emphasizes justification of sinners through faith alone, the teaching that salvation comes by unmerited divine grace, the priesthood of all believers, and the Bible as the sole infallible source of authority for Christian faith and practice.
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Protests against Nicolás Maduro
In 2014, a series of protests, political demonstrations, and civil insurrection began in Venezuela due to the country's high levels of urban violence, inflation, and chronic shortages of basic goods and services.
See Venezuela and Protests against Nicolás Maduro
Puerto Cabello
Puerto Cabello is a city on the north coast of Venezuela.
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Puerto La Cruz
Puerto La Cruz is a port city located in Anzoátegui State, in Venezuela.
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Puinave language
Puinave, Waipunavi (Guaipunabi) or Wanse (Wã́nsöjöt; Wãnsöhöt) is an indigenous language of Colombia and Venezuela.
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Punto Fijo
Punto Fijo is the capital city of the municipality of Carirubana in northern Falcón State, Venezuela.
Puntofijo Pact
The Puntofijo Pact (or Punto Fijo Pact) was a formal arrangement arrived at between representatives of Venezuela's three main political parties in 1958, Acción Democrática (AD), COPEI (Social Christian Party), and Unión Republicana Democrática (URD), for the acceptance of the 1958 presidential elections and the preservation of the new democratic system.
See Venezuela and Puntofijo Pact
Quaternary
The Quaternary is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).
Raúl Leoni
Raúl Leoni Otero (26 April 1905 – 5 July 1972) was the president of Venezuela from 1964 until 1969.
Radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
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Rafael Bolívar Coronado
Rafael Bolívar Coronado was a Venezuelan composer and author.
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Rafael Caldera
Rafael Antonio Caldera Rodríguez (24 January 1916 – 24 December 2009), was a Venezuelan politician and academician who was the 41st and 46th president of Venezuela from 1969 to 1974 and again from 1994 to 1999, thus becoming the longest serving democratically elected politician to govern the country in the twentieth century.
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Rafael Trujillo
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo Molina (24 October 1891 – 30 May 1961), nicknamed El Jefe, was a Dominican military commander and dictator who ruled the Dominican Republic from August 1930 until his assassination in May 1961.
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Rafael Urdaneta
Rafael José Urdaneta y Farías (October 24, 1788 – August 23, 1845) was a Venezuelan General and hero of the Spanish American wars of independence.
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Rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire.
Ramón José Velásquez
Ramón José Velásquez Mujica (28 November 1916 – 24 June 2014) was a Venezuelan politician, historian, journalist, and lawyer.
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Ramsar Convention
The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of Ramsar sites (wetlands).
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Rómulo Betancourt
Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (22 February 1908 – 28 September 1981), known as "The Father of Venezuelan Democracy", was the president of Venezuela, from 1945 to 1948 and again from 1959 to 1964, as well as leader of Acción Democrática, Venezuela's dominant political party in the 20th century.
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Rómulo Gallegos
Rómulo Ángel del Monte Carmelo Gallegos Freire (2 August 1884 – 5 April 1969) was a Venezuelan novelist and politician.
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Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo
The Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo was the first court of the Spanish crown in America.
See Venezuela and Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo
Recession
In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction that occurs when there is a general decline in economic activity.
Refugee
A refugee, conventionally speaking, is a person who has lost the protection of their country of origin and who cannot or is unwilling to return there due to well-founded fear of persecution. Such a person may be called an asylum seeker until granted refugee status by a contracting state or by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) if they formally make a claim for asylum.
Remittance
A remittance is a non-commercial transfer of money by a foreign worker, a member of a diaspora community, or a citizen with familial ties abroad, for household income in their home country or homeland.
Reptile
Reptiles, as commonly defined, are a group of tetrapods with usually an ectothermic ('cold-blooded') metabolism and amniotic development.
Republic of Venezuela
The Republic of Venezuela was a democratic republic first established in 1953, and replaced in 1999 by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Republic of Venezuela
Reuters
Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.
River delta
A river delta is a landform shaped like a triangle, created by the deposition of sediment that is carried by a river and enters slower-moving or stagnant water.
River terraces (tectonic–climatic interaction)
Terraces can be formed in many ways and in several geologic and environmental settings.
See Venezuela and River terraces (tectonic–climatic interaction)
Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights
Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights (formerly the Robert F. Kennedy Center for Justice and Human Rights, or RFK Center) is an American 501(c)(3) nonprofit human rights advocacy organization.
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Rodent
Rodents (from Latin rodere, 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.
Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.
Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
Royalist (Spanish American independence)
The royalists were the people of Hispanic America (mostly from native and indigenous peoples) and Europeans that fought to preserve the integrity of the Spanish monarchy during the Spanish American wars of independence.
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Rubén Limardo
Rubén Dario Limardo Gascón (born 3 August 1985) is a Venezuelan left-handed épée fencer, five-time team Pan American champion, four-time individual Pan American champion, three-time Olympian, and 2012 individual Olympic champion.
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Rule by decree
Rule by decree is a style of governance allowing quick, unchallenged promulgation of law by a single person or group of people, usually without legislative approval.
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San Cristóbal, Táchira
San Cristóbal is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Táchira.
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Santa Elena de Uairén
Santa Elena de Uairén is a small Venezuelan city (29,795 inhabitants in 2006) in the state of Bolívar near the border with Brazil and Guyana.
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Santería
Santería, also known as Regla de Ocha, Regla Lucumí, or Lucumí, is an Afro-Caribbean religion that developed in Cuba during the late 19th century.
Sanumá language
Sanumá or Sanöma is a Yanomaman language spoken in Venezuela and Brazil.
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Sapé language
Sapé, also called Kaliana or Caliana, is an extinct language recently spoken along the Paragua River and Karuna River.
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Scrutineer
A scrutineer (also called a poll-watcher or a challenger in the United States) is a person who observes any process which requires rigorous oversight.
Second Republic of Venezuela
The Second Republic of Venezuela (Segunda República de Venezuela) is the name used to refer to the reestablished Venezuelan Republic declared by Simón Bolívar on 7 August 1813.
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Serenata Guayanesa
Serenata Guayanesa is a vocal and instrumental quartet that plays typical Venezuelan folk music.
See Venezuela and Serenata Guayanesa
Shortage
In economics, a shortage or excess demand is a situation in which the demand for a product or service exceeds its supply in a market.
Shortages in Venezuela
Shortages in Venezuela of food staples and basic necessities occurred throughout Venezuela's history.
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Simón Bolívar
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios Ponte y Blanco (24July 178317December 1830) was a Venezuelan statesman and military officer who led what are currently the countries of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Panama, and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire.
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Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)
Maiquetía "Simón Bolívar" International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional de Maiquetía "Simón Bolívar") is an international airport located in Maiquetía, Vargas, Venezuela, about west of downtown Caracas, the capital of the country.
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Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra
The Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra of Venezuela (Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar de Venezuela) is a Venezuelan orchestra.
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Simón Bolívar University (Venezuela)
The Simón Bolívar University (Universidad Simón Bolívar in Spanish) or USB, is a public institution divided in two branches, one in Miranda state and one in Vargas state, with scientific and technological orientation.
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Simón Díaz
Simón Narciso Díaz Márquez (August 8, 1928 – February 19, 2014), also known as tío Simón, was a Venezuelan singer, actor, TV host, comedian, and Grammy Award-winning composer of Venezuelan music.
Slash-and-burn
Slash-and-burn agriculture is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden.
See Venezuela and Slash-and-burn
Slavery
Slavery is the ownership of a person as property, especially in regards to their labour.
Social movement
A social movement is a loosely organized effort by a large group of people to achieve a particular goal, typically a social or political one.
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Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
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South American Plate
The South American Plate is a major tectonic plate which includes the continent of South America as well as a sizable region of the Atlantic Ocean seabed extending eastward to the African Plate, with which it forms the southern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
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Sovereignty
Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority.
Spain
Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa. Venezuela and Spain are member states of the United Nations and Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
Spaniards in Venezuela
Spaniards or Spanish people in Venezuela, are persons of fully Spanish or Iberian ancestry or those who have the Spanish Citizenship and are residing in Venezuela.
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Spanish Colonial architecture
Spanish colonial architecture represents Spanish colonial influence on the cities and towns of its former colonies, and is still seen in the architecture as well as in the city planning aspects of conserved present-day cities. Venezuela and Spanish Colonial architecture are former Spanish colonies.
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Spanish colonization of the Americas
The Spanish colonization of the Americas began in 1493 on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Republic) after the initial 1492 voyage of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus under license from Queen Isabella I of Castile. Venezuela and Spanish colonization of the Americas are former Spanish colonies.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire, sometimes referred to as the Hispanic Monarchy or the Catholic Monarchy, was a colonial empire that existed between 1492 and 1976.
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Spanish immigration to Venezuela
Spanish Immigration to Venezuela began around 1500, when the Spanish first landed on and conquered the territory, and immigration continues to the present day.
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State of Venezuela
The State of Venezuela was the official name of Venezuela adopted by the constitution of 1830, during the government of José Antonio Páez.
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State Railways Institution
The State Railways Institution (Instituto de Ferrocarriles del Estado., or IFE) is a state-run organization of Venezuela that manages the railway systems of the country.
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States of Venezuela
The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is a federation made up of twenty-three states (estados), a Capital District (Distrito Capital) and the Federal Dependencies (Dependencias Federales), which consist of many islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea.
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Stephen Roth Institute
The Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism is a research institute at Tel Aviv University in Israel.
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Stilt house
Stilt houses (also called pile dwellings or lake dwellings) are houses raised on stilts (or piles) over the surface of the soil or a body of water.
Sucre (state)
The Sucre State (Estado Sucre) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Sucre (state)
Sugarcane
Sugarcane or sugar cane is a species of tall, perennial grass (in the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae) that is used for sugar production.
Suma de Geographia
Suma de Geographia (Suma de Geografía) is a Spanish book on cosmography, geography, and maritime navigation written by Martín Fernández de Enciso and published in 1519 in Seville.
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Supreme Court of Justice of Venezuela
The Supreme Court of Justice of Venezuela was Venezuela's highest court until the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela replaced it with the Supreme Tribunal of Justice.
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Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Venezuela)
The Supreme Justice Tribunal (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia or TSJ) is the highest court of law in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and is the head of the judicial branch.
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Syrians
Syrians (سوريون) are the majority inhabitants of Syria, indigenous to the Levant, who have Arabic, especially its Levantine dialect, as a mother tongue.
Tamanaco
Tamanaco was a native Venezuelan chief, who as leader of the Mariches and Quiriquires tribes led (during part of the 16th century) the resistance against the Spanish conquest of Venezuelan territory in the central region of the country, specially in the Caracas valley.
Tareck El Aissami
Tareck Zaidan El Aissami Maddah (born 12 November 1974) is a Venezuelan politician, who served as the vice president of Venezuela from 2017 to 2018.
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Telephone numbers in Venezuela
The Venezuelan Numbering Plan is an open telephone numbering plan with three-digit area codes and seven-digit telephone numbers that directs telephone calls to particular regions on a public switched telephone network (PSTN) or to a mobile telephone network, where they are further routed by the local network.
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Telesur
Telesur (stylized as teleSUR) is a Latin American terrestrial and satellite news television network headquartered in Caracas, Venezuela and sponsored by the governments of Venezuela, Cuba and Nicaragua.
Tepui
A tepui, or tepuy, is a table-top mountain or mesa found in South America, especially in Venezuela and western Guyana.
Teresa Carreño
María Teresa Gertrudis de Jesús Carreño García (December 22, 1853June 12, 1917) was a Venezuelan pianist, soprano, composer, and conductor.
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Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex
The Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex (Complejo Cultural Teresa Carreño), also known as Teresa Carreño Theatre (Teatro Teresa Carreño), is the most important theatre of Caracas and Venezuela, where performances include symphonic and popular concerts, opera, ballet and plays.
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Teresa de la Parra
Teresa de la Parra (October 5, 1889 – April 23, 1936) was a Venezuelan novelist.
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Terrace (earthworks)
In agriculture, a terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming.
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The Chosun Ilbo
The Chosun Ilbo, also known as The Chosun Daily, is a newspaper of record for South Korea and the oldest active daily newspaper in the country.
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The Christian Science Monitor
The Christian Science Monitor (CSM), commonly known as The Monitor, is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles both in electronic format and a weekly print edition.
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The Economist
The Economist is a British weekly newspaper published in printed magazine format and digitally.
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The Economist Democracy Index
The Democracy Index published by the Economist Group is an index measuring the quality of democracy across the world.
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The Guianas
The Guianas, also spelled Guyanas or Guayanas, is a region in north-eastern South America.
The Heritage Foundation
The Heritage Foundation, sometimes referred to simply as "Heritage", is an activist American conservative think tank based in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1973, it took a leading role in the conservative movement in the 1980s during the presidency of Ronald Reagan, whose policies were taken from Heritage Foundation studies, including its Mandate for Leadership.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.
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The San Diego Union-Tribune
The San Diego Union-Tribune is a metropolitan daily newspaper published in San Diego, California, that has run since 1868.
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The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal (WSJ), also referred to simply as the Journal, is an American newspaper based in New York City, with a focus on business and finance.
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The Washington Post
The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.
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The Weekly Standard
The Weekly Standard was an American neoconservative political magazine of news, analysis, and commentary that was published 48 times per year.
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The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
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Third Republic of Venezuela
The Third Republic of Venezuela (Tercera República de Venezuela) is the reestablished Republic of Venezuela declared by Simón Bolívar in the year 1817, during the Venezuelan War of Independence.
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Three-toed sloth
The three-toed or three-fingered sloths are arboreal neotropical mammals.
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Time in Venezuela
Venezuela uses the UTC−04:00 time offset, and they had previously used UTC−04:30 from 9 December 2007 until 30 April 2016.
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Timoto–Cuica people
Timoto–Cuica people were an Indigenous people of the Americas composed primarily of two large tribes, the Timote and the Cuica, that inhabited in the Andes region of Western Venezuela.
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Topography
Topography is the study of the forms and features of land surfaces.
Torture in Venezuela
Torture in Venezuela has been a consistent phenomenon throughout its history.
See Venezuela and Torture in Venezuela
Trinidad and Tobago
Trinidad and Tobago, officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is the southernmost island country in the Caribbean region of North America. Venezuela and Trinidad and Tobago are former Spanish colonies and member states of the United Nations.
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Trinidadians and Tobagonians
Trinidadians and Tobagonians, colloquially known as Trinis or Trinbagonians, are the people who are identified with the country of Trinidad and Tobago.
See Venezuela and Trinidadians and Tobagonians
Tropaeolum tuberosum
Tropaeolum tuberosum (mashua, see below for other names) is a species of flowering plant in the family Tropaeolaceae, grown in the Andes, particularly in Peru and Bolivia, and to a lesser extent in Ecuador as well as in some areas of Colombia, for its edible tubers, which are eaten cooked or roasted as a vegetable.
See Venezuela and Tropaeolum tuberosum
Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
The tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest is a habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature and is located at tropical and subtropical latitudes.
See Venezuela and Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests (TSMF), also known as tropical moist forest, is a subtropical and tropical forest habitat type defined by the World Wide Fund for Nature.
See Venezuela and Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Two-toed sloth
Choloepus is a genus of xenarthran mammals from Central and South America within the monotypic family Choloepodidae, consisting of two-toed sloths, sometimes also called two-fingered sloths.
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Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi.
See Venezuela and Typhoid fever
Ullucus
Ullucus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Basellaceae, with one species, Ullucus tuberosus, a plant grown primarily as a root vegetable, secondarily as a leaf vegetable.
Un Nuevo Tiempo
Un Nuevo Tiempo (Spanish for 'A New Era', UNT) is a centre-left political party in Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Un Nuevo Tiempo
Uncontacted peoples
Uncontacted peoples are groups of indigenous peoples living without sustained contact with neighbouring communities and the world community.
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Unicameralism
Unicameralism (from uni- "one" + Latin camera "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one.
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Union of South American Nations
The Union of South American Nations (USAN), sometimes also referred to as the South American Union, abbreviated in Spanish as UNASUR and in Portuguese as UNASUL, is an intergovernmental regional organization.
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Unitary Platform
The Democratic Unitary Platform (Plataforma Unitaria Democrática; PUD), or just the Unitary Platform (Plataforma Unitaria; PU), is a Venezuelan opposition political alliance made up of civil society, trade unions, retired military personnel, political parties, and deputies of the 2016–2021 National Assembly.
See Venezuela and Unitary Platform
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
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United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
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United Press International
United Press International (UPI) is an American international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century until its eventual decline beginning in the early 1980s.
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United Provinces of New Granada
The United Provinces of New Granada was a country in South America from 1810 to 1816, a period known in Colombian history as la Patria Boba ("the Foolish Fatherland").
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United Socialist Party of Venezuela
The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Partido Socialista Unido de Venezuela, PSUV) is a left-wing to far-left socialist political party which has been the ruling party of Venezuela since 2007.
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United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. Venezuela and United States are federal constitutional republics and member states of the United Nations.
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United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), or simply the State Department, is an executive department of the U.S. federal government responsible for the country's foreign policy and relations.
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United States dollar
The United States dollar (symbol: $; currency code: USD; also abbreviated US$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies; referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, American dollar, or colloquially buck) is the official currency of the United States and several other countries.
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United States of Venezuela
The United States of Venezuela (Estados Unidos de Venezuela) was the official name of Venezuela, adopted in its 1864 constitution under the Juan Crisóstomo Falcón government.
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Universal health care
Universal health care (also called universal health coverage, universal coverage, or universal care) is a health care system in which all residents of a particular country or region are assured access to health care.
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Universal suffrage
Universal suffrage or universal franchise ensures the right to vote for as many people bound by a government's laws as possible, as supported by the "one person, one vote" principle.
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Universidad de Oriente
The University of Oriente (UDO), founded in 1958, is one of the main national universities in Venezuela and the main autonomous university institution dedicated to teaching, research and development in Eastern Venezuela.
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University of Brasília
The University of Brasília (Universidade de Brasília, UnB) is a federal public university in Brasília, the capital of Brazil.
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University of Pennsylvania
The University of Pennsylvania, commonly referenced as Penn or UPenn, is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
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University of the Andes (Venezuela)
The University of the Andes (Spanish: Universidad de Los Andes, ULA) is the second-oldest university in Venezuela, whose main campus is located in the city of Mérida, Venezuela.
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University of Zulia
The University of Zulia (La Universidad del Zulia, also known as LUZ literally meaning "light" in Spanish), is a public university whose main campus is located in the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela.
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Valencia Metro (Venezuela)
The Valencia Metro (Spanish: Metro Valencia or Metro de Valencia) is the public mass transit system of Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela and its suburbs Naguanagua Municipality and San Diego Municipality.
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Valencia, Venezuela
Valencia is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela.
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Vehicle armour
Military vehicles are commonly armoured (or armored; see spelling differences) to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets, shells, rockets, and missiles, protecting the personnel inside from enemy fire.
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Venezuela national football team
The Venezuela national football team (Selección de fútbol de Venezuela), nicknamed La Vinotinto ("The Red Wine"), represents Venezuela in men's international football and is controlled by the Venezuelan Football Federation (FVF), the governing body for football in Venezuela.
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Venezuelan Air Force
Bolivarian Air Force of Venezuela (Aviación Militar Nacional Bolivariana), commonly known as the Venezuelan Air Force, is a professional armed body designed to defend Venezuela's sovereignty and airspace.
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Venezuelan Andes
The Venezuelan Andes (Spanish: Andes Venezolanos) also simply known as the Andes (Spanish: Los Andes) in Venezuela, are a mountain system that form the northernmost extension of the Andes.
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Venezuelan Army
The Venezuelan Army, officially the Bolivarian Army of Venezuela (Ejército Bolivariano), is the land arm of the National Bolivarian Armed Forces of Venezuela.
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Venezuelan art
Venezuelan art has a long history.
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Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
The 1994 banking crisis occurred in Venezuela when a number of the banks of Venezuela were taken over by the government.
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Venezuelan bolívar
The bolívar is the official currency of Venezuela.
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Venezuelan civil wars
The Venezuelan civil wars were a long series of conflicts that devastated the country during most of the 19th century.
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Venezuelan Coastal Range
The Venezuelan Coastal Range (Cordillera de la Costa or Serranía de la Costa), also known as Venezuelan Caribbean Mountain System (Sistema Montañoso Caribe), is a mountain range system and one of the eight natural regions of Venezuela, that runs along the central and eastern portions of Venezuela's northern coast.
See Venezuela and Venezuelan Coastal Range
Venezuelan crisis of 1895
The Venezuelan crisis of 1895 occurred over Venezuela's longstanding dispute with Great Britain about the territory of Essequibo, which Britain believed was part of British Guiana and Venezuela recognized as its own Guayana Esequiba.
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Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903
The Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903 was a naval blockade imposed against Venezuela by Great Britain, Germany, and Italy from December 1902 to February 1903, after President Cipriano Castro refused to pay foreign debts and damages suffered by European citizens in recent Venezuelan civil wars.
See Venezuela and Venezuelan crisis of 1902–1903
Venezuelan cuisine
Venezuelan cuisine is influenced by its EuropeanKohnstamm, Thomas; Kohn, Beth.
See Venezuela and Venezuelan cuisine
Venezuelan Declaration of Independence
The Venezuelan Declaration of Independence is a document drafted and adopted by Venezuelan on July 5, 1811, through which Venezuelans made the decision to separate from the Spanish Crown in order to establish a new nation based on the premises of equality of individuals, abolition of censorship and dedication to freedom of expression.
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Venezuelan literature
Venezuelan literature is the literature written by Venezuelans or in Venezuela, ranging from indigenous pre-Hispanic myths to oral or written works in Spanish or other languages.
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Venezuelan Llanos
The Venezuelan Llanos (Spanish: Llanos Venezolanos) also simply known as Los Llanos (English: the Plains) in Venezuela, is a natural region that consists of a very large, flat central depression of approximately 243,774 km2 of extension, equivalent to 26.6% of the total continental territory of the country.
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Venezuelan National Guard
The Bolivarian National Guard of Venezuela (Guardia Nacional Bolivariana de Venezuela - GNB), is a gendarmerie component of the National Armed Forces of Venezuela.
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Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
The Venezuelan Professional Baseball League (Liga Venezolana de Béisbol Profesional, or LVBP) is the top-level professional baseball league in Venezuela.
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Venezuelan refugee crisis
The Venezuelan refugee crisis, the largest recorded refugee crisis in the Americas,.
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Venezuelan Spanish
Venezuelan Spanish (castellano venezolano or español venezolano) refers to the Spanish spoken in Venezuela.
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Venezuelan troupial
The Venezuelan troupial (Icterus icterus) is the national bird of Venezuela.
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Venezuelan War of Independence
The Venezuelan War of Independence (Guerra de Independencia de Venezuela, 1810–1823) was one of the Spanish American wars of independence of the early nineteenth century, when independence movements in South America fought a civil war for secession and against unity of the Spanish Empire, emboldened by Spain's troubles in the Napoleonic Wars.
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Venezuelans
Venezuelans (Spanish: venezolanos) are the citizens identified with the country of Venezuela.
Venezuelans of European descent
European Venezuelans or White Venezuelans are Venezuelan citizens who self-identify in the national census as white, tracing their heritage to European ethnic groups.
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Venice
Venice (Venezia; Venesia, formerly Venexia) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.
Vice President of Venezuela
The vice president of Venezuela (Vicepresidente de Venezuela), officially known as the Executive Vice President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Vicepresidente Ejecutivo de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is the second highest political position in the government of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Vice President of Venezuela
Viceroyalty of New Granada
The Viceroyalty of the New Kingdom of Granada (Virreinato del Nuevo Reino de Granada), also called Viceroyalty of New Granada or Viceroyalty of Santafé, was the name given on 27 May 1717 to the jurisdiction of the Spanish Empire in northern South America, corresponding to modern Colombia, Ecuador, Panama and Venezuela. Venezuela and Viceroyalty of New Granada are former Spanish colonies and Spanish-speaking countries and territories.
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Voice of America
Voice of America (VOA or VoA) is an international radio broadcasting state media agency owned by the United States of America.
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Warao language
Warao (also known as Guarauno, Guarao, Warrau) is the native language of the Warao people.
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Warao people
The Warao are an Indigenous Amerindian people inhabiting northeastern Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname.
See Venezuela and Warao people
Water supply and sanitation in Venezuela
Water supply and sanitation in Venezuela is currently limited and many poor people remain without access to piped water.
See Venezuela and Water supply and sanitation in Venezuela
Wayuu language
Wayuu (Wayuunaiki), or Guajiro, is a major Arawakan language spoken by 400,000 indigenous Wayuu people in northwestern Venezuela and northeastern Colombia on the Guajira Peninsula and surrounding Lake Maracaibo.
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Wayuu people
The Wayuu (also Wayu, Wayú, Guajiro, Wahiro) are an Indigenous ethnic group of the Guajira Peninsula in northernmost Colombia and northwest Venezuela.
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Welfare
Welfare, or commonly social welfare, is a type of government support intended to ensure that members of a society can meet basic human needs such as food and shelter.
Welser family
Welser was a German banking and merchant family, originally a patrician family based in Augsburg and Nuremberg, that rose to great prominence in international high finance in the 16th century as bankers to the Habsburgs and financiers of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
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Western Hemisphere
The Western Hemisphere is the half of the planet Earth that lies west of the Prime Meridian—which crosses Greenwich, London, England—and east of the 180th meridian.
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Wetland
A wetland is a distinct semi-aquatic ecosystem whose groundcovers are flooded or saturated in water, either permanently, for years or decades, or only seasonally for a shorter periods.
Wharton School
The Wharton School (or UPenn Wharton) is the business school of the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn), a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia.
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Wildlife
Wildlife refers to undomesticated animal species, but has come to include all organisms that grow or live wild in an area without being introduced by humans.
William Lindsay Scruggs
William Lindsay Scruggs (September 14, 1836 – July 18, 1912) was an American author, lawyer, and diplomat.
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Workweek and weekend
The weekdays and weekend are the complementary parts of the week devoted to labour and rest, respectively.
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World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
World Heritage Site
World Heritage Sites are landmarks and areas with legal protection by an international convention administered by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, or scientific significance.
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World Heritage Sites by country
As of July 2024, there are a total of 1,223 World Heritage Sites located across 168 countries, of which 952 are cultural, 231 are natural, and 40 are mixed properties.
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World Justice Project
The World Justice Project (WJP) is an international civil society organization with the stated mission of "working to advance the rule of law around the world".
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World Network of Biosphere Reserves
The UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves (WNBR) covers internationally designated protected areas, known as biosphere or nature reserves, which are meant to demonstrate a balanced relationship between people and nature (e.g. encourage sustainable development).
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Yanomamö language
Yanomamö (Yąnomamɨ) is the most populous of several closely related languages spoken by the Yanomami people.
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Yanomami
The Yanomami, also spelled Yąnomamö or Yanomama, are a group of approximately 35,000 indigenous people who live in some 200–250 villages in the Amazon rainforest on the border between Venezuela and Brazil.
Yaruro language
The Yaruro language (also spelled Llaruro or Yaruru; also called Yuapín or Pumé) is an indigenous language spoken by Yaruro people, along the Orinoco, Cinaruco, Meta, and Apure rivers of Venezuela.
See Venezuela and Yaruro language
Ye'kuana
The Ye'kuana, also called Ye'kwana, Ye'Kuana, Yekuana, Yequana, Yecuana, Dekuana, Maquiritare, Makiritare, So'to or Maiongong, are a Cariban-speaking tropical rain-forest tribe who live in the Caura River and Orinoco River regions of Venezuela in Bolivar State and Amazonas State.
Ye'kuana language
Ye'kuana, also known as Maquiritari, Dekwana, Ye'kwana, Ye'cuana, Yekuana, Cunuana, Kunuhana, De'cuana, De’kwana Carib, Pawana, Maquiritai, Maquiritare, Maiongong, or Soto is the language of the Ye'kuana people of Venezuela and Brazil.
See Venezuela and Ye'kuana language
Yellow fever
Yellow fever is a viral disease of typically short duration.
See Venezuela and Yellow fever
Yucef Merhi
Yucef Merhi (born February 8, 1977) is a Venezuelan artist, poet and computer programmer based in New York.
Yukpa language
Yukpa (Yuco, Yucpa, Yuko, Yupa) is a Cariban language, spoken by 3,000 people in Zulia State in Venezuela and 3,000 across the border in Colombia.
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Yukpa people
Yukpa is an Amerindian ethnic group that inhabits the northeastern part of the Cesar Department in northern Colombia by the Serranía del Perijá bordering Venezuela.
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Zulia
Zulia State (Estado Zulia,; Wayuu: Mma’ipakat Suuria) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela.
.ve
.ve is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Venezuela.
1519 imperial election
The imperial election of 1519 was an imperial election held to select the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
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16th parallel north
The 16th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 16 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
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1812 Caracas earthquake
The 1812 Caracas earthquake took place in Venezuela on March 26 (on Maundy Thursday) at 4:37 p.m. It measured 7.7 on the Richter magnitude scale.
See Venezuela and 1812 Caracas earthquake
1947 Venezuelan general election
General elections were held in Venezuela on 14 December 1947.
See Venezuela and 1947 Venezuelan general election
1948 Venezuelan coup d'état
The 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état took place on 24 November 1948, when Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Luis Felipe Llovera Páez overthrew the elected president, Rómulo Gallegos, who had been elected in the 1947 Venezuelan general election (generally believed to be the country's first honest election) and had taken office in February 1948.
See Venezuela and 1948 Venezuelan coup d'état
1952 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election
Constituent Assembly elections were held in Venezuela on 30 November 1952.
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1968 Venezuelan general election
General elections were held in Venezuela on 1 December 1968.
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1973 oil crisis
In October 1973, the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) announced that it was implementing a total oil embargo against the countries who had supported Israel at any point during the 1973 Yom Kippur War, which began after Egypt and Syria launched a large-scale surprise attack in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to recover the territories that they had lost to Israel during the 1967 Six-Day War.
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1973 Venezuelan general election
General elections were held in Venezuela on Sunday 9 December 1973.
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1980s oil glut
The 1980s oil glut was a significant surplus of crude oil caused by falling demand following the 1970s energy crisis.
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1998 Venezuelan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 1998.
See Venezuela and 1998 Venezuelan presidential election
1999 Constituent National Assembly of Venezuela
The Constituent National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional Constituyente) or ANC was a constitutional convention held in Venezuela in 1999 to draft a new Constitution of Venezuela, but the assembly also gave itself the role of a supreme power above all the existing institutions in the republic.
See Venezuela and 1999 Constituent National Assembly of Venezuela
2002 Venezuelan coup attempt
A failed coup d'état on 11 April 2002 saw the president of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez, ousted from office for 47 hours before being restored to power.
See Venezuela and 2002 Venezuelan coup attempt
2002–2003 Venezuelan general strike
The Venezuelan general strike of 2002–2003 was an attempt by the Venezuelan opposition to President Hugo Chávez to summon a new presidential election.
See Venezuela and 2002–2003 Venezuelan general strike
2004 Venezuelan recall referendum
The Venezuelan recall referendum of 15 August 2004 was a referendum to determine whether Hugo Chávez, then President of Venezuela, should be recalled from office.
See Venezuela and 2004 Venezuelan recall referendum
2006 Venezuelan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 3 December 2006 to elect a president for a six-year term to begin on 10 January 2007.
See Venezuela and 2006 Venezuelan presidential election
2007–2008 financial crisis
The 2007–2008 financial crisis, or the global financial crisis (GFC), was the most severe worldwide economic crisis since the Great Depression.
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2012 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament for Men
The 2012 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament was a men's basketball tournament that consisted of 12 national teams, where the top three teams earned a place in the 2012 Olympics basketball tournament.
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2012 Summer Olympics
The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the XXX Olympiad and also known as London 2012, were an international multi-sport event held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London, England, United Kingdom.
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2013 Venezuelan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 14 April 2013 following the death of President Hugo Chávez on 5 March 2013.
See Venezuela and 2013 Venezuelan presidential election
2013 Venezuelan presidential election protests
The 2013 Venezuelan political crisis refers to the events that occurred after the presidential elections of the same year, mostly protests in response of the electoral result in which Nicolás Maduro of the Great Patriotic Pole (GPP) was elected as President of Venezuela.
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2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 21 or CMP 11 was held in Paris, France, from 30 November to 12 December 2015.
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2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election
Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2015 to elect the 164 deputies and three indigenous representatives of the National Assembly.
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2017 Constituent National Assembly of Venezuela
The Constituent National Assembly (Asamblea Nacional Constituyente; ANC) was a constituent assembly elected in 2017 to draft a new constitution for Venezuela.
See Venezuela and 2017 Constituent National Assembly of Venezuela
2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis
On 29 March 2017, the Supreme Tribunal of Justice (TSJ) of Venezuela took over legislative powers of the National Assembly.
See Venezuela and 2017 Venezuelan constitutional crisis
2018 Venezuelan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 20 May 2018, with incumbent Nicolás Maduro being declared re-elected for a second six-year term.
See Venezuela and 2018 Venezuelan presidential election
2024 Venezuelan presidential election
Presidential elections were held in Venezuela on 28 July 2024 to choose a president for a six-year term beginning on 10 January 2025.
See Venezuela and 2024 Venezuelan presidential election
2024 Venezuelan protests
The 2024 Venezuelan protests broke out in the aftermath of the 2024 presidential election on 28 July, in response to irregularities and claims of electoral fraud.
See Venezuela and 2024 Venezuelan protests
59th meridian west
The meridian 59° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Atlantic Ocean, South America, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
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74th meridian west
The meridian 74° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, South America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
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See also
Countries in South America
- Argentina
- Bolivia
- Brazil
- Chile
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Guyana
- List of South American countries and dependencies by GDP (PPP)
- List of South American countries by GDP (PPP) per capita
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Suriname
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
Federal constitutional republics
- Argentina
- Austria
- Brazil
- Confederate States of America
- Federated States of Micronesia
- India
- Mexico
- Nepal
- United States
- Venezuela
G15 nations
- Algeria
- Argentina
- Brazil
- Chile
- Egypt
- India
- Indonesia
- Iran
- Jamaica
- Kenya
- Malaysia
- Mexico
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sri Lanka
- Venezuela
- Zimbabwe
Member states of OPEC
- Algeria
- Angola
- Equatorial Guinea
- Gabon
- Iran
- Iraq
- Kuwait
- Libya
- Nigeria
- Republic of the Congo
- Saudi Arabia
- United Arab Emirates
- Venezuela
Member states of the Union of South American Nations
Spanish-speaking countries and territories
- Alta California
- Andorra
- Argentina
- Belize
- Bolivia
- Captaincy General of Chile
- Captaincy General of Cuba
- Captaincy General of Guatemala
- Captaincy General of Puerto Rico
- Captaincy General of Santo Domingo
- Captaincy General of Venezuela
- Captaincy General of Yucatán
- Captaincy General of the Philippines
- Chile
- Colombia
- Colony of Santiago
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea
- Guatemala
- Hispanidad
- Honduras
- Insular Government of Porto Rico
- Intendancy of San Salvador
- List of countries and territories where Spanish is an official language
- Mexico
- New Spain
- Nicaragua
- Panama
- Paraguay
- Peru
- Province of Las Californias
- Provincias Internas
- Puerto Rico
- Republic of Texas
- Republic of Yucatán
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Spain
- Spanish West Indies
- Upper Peru
- Uruguay
- Venezuela
- Viceroyalty of New Granada
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
- Western Sahara
States and territories established in 1811
- American Confederation of Venezuela
- Bundelkhand Agency
- First Republic of Venezuela
- Islands of Refreshment
- Jamkhandi State
- Kenghkam
- Kingdom of Haiti
- Paraguay
- Red River Colony
- Rewa Kantha Agency
- Venezuela
References
Also known as Benezuela, Biodiversity in Venezuela, Biodiversity of Venezuela, Bolivaria, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, Bolivarian Venezuela, Etymology of Venezuela, Fifth Republic of Venezuela, Flora and fauna of Venezuela, ISO 3166-1:VE, Name of Venezuela, Republic of Venezuela (1999-present), República Bolivariana de Venezuela, Republica de Venezuela, The Bolivarian Republic Of Venezuela, V'zuela, VEN, VENEZULEA, Venazeula, Venecuela, Venesuela, Venezeula, Venezuala, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of, Venezuela, RB, Venezula, Venizuela, Venuzeula, Venzauela, Venzuela, Wildlife of Venezuela.
, Asturians, Atlantic Ocean, Attempted assassination of Rómulo Betancourt, Auaké people, Authoritarianism, Bambuco, Barack Obama, Baralt Theatre, Barí language, Barcelona-Puerto La Cruz, Barquisimeto, Bartholomeus VI. 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