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Estrogen receptor alpha

Index Estrogen receptor alpha

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), also known as NR3A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen. [1]

192 relations: Aggression, AKAP13, Alfatradiol, Aminoestradiol, Amphiregulin, Androstenediol, Androstenedione, Annexin A1, Arxula adeninivorans, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, BCAS3, Beta-catenin, Bisphenol A, BPA controversy, BRCA1, Breast development, C7orf43, Cancer epigenetics, Caveolin 1, CCNC (gene), CDC25B, CEBPB, ChIA-PET, Chromatin remodeling, Chromosome 6, Cofactor of BRCA1, Comparison of estrogens, Conjugated estrogens, Coumestrol, COUP-TFI, CREB-binding protein, CRSP3, Cyclin D1, DCW234, DDX5, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Denoising Algorithm based on Relevance network Topology, DGLUCY, Diarylpropionitrile, Dienestrol, Diethylstilbestrol, DNTTIP2, E-SCREEN, Endometrium, EP300, Equol, ER-X, ERA-45, ERA-63, ERB-196, ..., Erteberel, ERx, ERX-11, Estetrol, Estetrol (medication), Estradiol, Estradiol (medication), Estriol, Estriol (medication), Estrogen, Estrogen (medication), Estrogen insensitivity syndrome, Estrogen receptor, Estrogen receptor beta, Estrogen-related receptor alpha, Estrone, Estrone (medication), Estrone sulfate, Estrone sulfate (medication), Ethinylestradiol, Fatty acid synthase, FERb 033, Ferguson reflex, FOXA1, FOXO1, GATA3, Genistein, GPER, GTF2H1, GTx-758, Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1, Hexestrol, High-dose estrogen, Histone acetyltransferase, Histone deacetylase inhibitor, HSD17B10, Hydroxynorketamine, ISL1, Β-LGND2, John J. Tyson, KDM5A, Ketamine, Lasofoxifene, Lipoxin, Liquiritigenin, List of human transcription factors, List of MeSH codes (D12.776), List of MeSH codes (D12.776.930), Major vault protein, MED1, MED12, MED14, MED16, MED24, MED6, Membrane estrogen receptor, Menerba, Menstrual cycle, Mesothelioma, Methylpiperidinopyrazole, MIBE, Mir-26 microRNA precursor family, Mir-618 microRNA precursor family, Mitochondrial trifunctional protein, MNAT1, Moxestrol, MTA2, NCOA6, Nonsteroidal estrogen, Norethisterone, Noretynodrel, NRIP1, Nuclear receptor, Nuclear receptor coactivator 1, Nuclear receptor coactivator 2, Nuclear receptor coactivator 3, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, Ospemifene, Paola S. Timiras, PDLIM1, PELP-1, PHTPP, Phytoestrogens, PNRC1, POU4F1, POU4F2, PRDM2, PRMT2, Progesterone, Propylpyrazoletriol, Quercetin, RBM39, Risk factors for breast cancer, RNF12, RUNX2, SAFB, SAFB2, Selective estrogen receptor modulator, SERBA-2, Sex hormone receptor, SKF-82,958, Small heterodimer partner, SMARCA4, SMARCE1, Spermatogenesis, SRA1, Steroid hormone receptor, Stilbestrol, STK11, Tamoxifen, Testicular receptor 2, Testicular receptor 4, Thymine-DNA glycosylase, Tibolone, Transgenerational stress inheritance, Triazofos, Triclocarban, TRIM24, Trioxifene, WAY-166818, WAY-200070, WAY-204688, WAY-214156, Withaferin A, WNT7A, XBP1, ZB716, (R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene, (S,S)-Tetrahydrochrysene, 16α-Iodo-E2, 16α-LE2, 16β,17α-Epiestriol, 17α-Epiestriol, 17α-Estradiol, 2-Hydroxyestradiol, 3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol, 3α-Androstanediol, 3β-Androstanediol, 4-Androstenediol, 5α-Dihydroethisterone, 8-Prenylnaringenin, 8β-VE2. Expand index (142 more) »

Aggression

Aggression is overt, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other unpleasantness upon another individual.

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AKAP13

A-kinase anchor protein 13 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKAP13 gene.

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Alfatradiol

Alfatradiol, also known as 17α-estradiol and sold under the brand names Avicis, Avixis, Ell-Cranell Alpha, and Pantostin, is a weak estrogen and a 5α-reductase inhibitor which is used as a topical medication in the treatment of androgenic alopecia (pattern hair loss) in men and women.

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Aminoestradiol

Aminoestradiol (AE2), also known as 17β-aminoestradiol (17βAE2) or as 17β-aminoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-3-ol, is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen and a 17β-aminoestrogen with anticoagulant effects that was never marketed.

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Amphiregulin

Amphiregulin, also known as AREG, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AREG gene.

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Androstenediol

Androstenediol, or 5-androstenediol (abbreviated as A5 or Δ5-diol), also known as androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol, is an endogenous weak androgen and estrogen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

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Androstenedione

Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of estrone and of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

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Annexin A1

Annexin A1, also known as lipocortin I, is a protein that is encoded by the ANXA1 gene in humans.

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Arxula adeninivorans

Arxula adeninivorans (Blastobotrys adeninivorans) is a dimorphic yeast with unusual characteristics.

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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR or AHR or ahr or ahR) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHR gene.

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BCAS3

Breast carcinoma amplified sequence 3, also known as BCAS3, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BCAS3 gene.

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Beta-catenin

Catenin beta-1, also known as β-catenin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene.

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Bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups.

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BPA controversy

Bisphenol A controversy centers on concerns and debates about the biomedical significance of bisphenol A (BPA), which is a precursor to polymers that are used in some consumer products, including some food containers.

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BRCA1

BRCA1 and BRCA1 are a human gene and its protein product, respectively.

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Breast development

Breast development, also known as mammogenesis, is a complex biological process in primates that takes place throughout a female's life.

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C7orf43

C7orf43 (Chromosome 7 Open reading frame 43) is a protein that in human is encoded by the gene C7orf43.

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Cancer epigenetics

Cancer epigenetics is the study of epigenetic modifications to the DNA of cancer cells that do not involve a change in the nucleotide sequence.

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Caveolin 1

Caveolin-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAV1 gene.

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CCNC (gene)

Cyclin-C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNC gene.

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CDC25B

M-phase inducer phosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC25B gene.

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CEBPB

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPB gene.

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ChIA-PET

Chromatin Interaction Analysis by Paired-End Tag Sequencing (ChIA-PET) is a technique that incorporates chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-based enrichment, chromatin proximity ligation, Paired-End Tags, and High-throughput sequencing to determine de novo long-range chromatin interactions genome-wide.

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Chromatin remodeling

Chromatin remodeling is the dynamic modification of chromatin architecture to allow access of condensed genomic DNA to the regulatory transcription machinery proteins, and thereby control gene expression.

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Chromosome 6

Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.

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Cofactor of BRCA1

Cofactor of BRCA1, also known as COBRA1, is a human gene that encodes NELF-B.

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Comparison of estrogens

This is a comparison of estrogens, or agonists of the estrogen receptor (ER).

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Conjugated estrogens

Conjugated estrogens (CEs), or conjugated equine estrogens (CEEs), sold under the brand name Premarin (a contraction of "pregnant mares' urine") among others, is an estrogen medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and for various other indications.

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Coumestrol

Coumestrol is a natural organic compound in the class of phytochemicals known as coumestans.

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COUP-TFI

COUP-TF1 (COUP Transcription Factor 1) also known as NR2F1 (Nuclear Receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2F1 gene.

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CREB-binding protein

CREB-binding protein, also known as CREBBP or CBP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREBBP gene.

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CRSP3

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 23 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED23 gene.

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Cyclin D1

Cyclin D1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND1 gene.

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DCW234

DCW234, also known as butyl 4-(butyryloxy)benzoate, is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen and a selective agonist of the ERβ.

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DDX5

Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5 also known as DEAD box protein 5 or RNA helicase p68 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX5 gene.

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Dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone.

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Denoising Algorithm based on Relevance network Topology

Denoising Algorithm based on Relevance network Topology (DART) is an unsupervised algorithm that estimates an activity score for a pathway in a gene expression matrix, following a denoising step.

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DGLUCY

DGLUCY (D-glutamate cyclase) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DGLUCY gene.

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Diarylpropionitrile

Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), also known as 2,3-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionitrile (2,3-BHPPN), is a synthetic, nonsteroidal, and highly selective agonist of ERβ (IC50.

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Dienestrol

Dienestrol (brand names Ortho Dienestrol, Dienoestrol, Dienoestrol Ortho, Sexadien, Denestrolin, Dienol, Dinovex, Follormon, Oestrodiene, Synestrol, numerous others), also known as dienoestrol, is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen of the stilbestrol group which is or was used to treat menopausal symptoms in the United States and Europe.

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Diethylstilbestrol

Diethylstilbestrol (DES), also known as stilbestrol or stilboestrol, is an estrogen medication which is mostly no longer used.

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DNTTIP2

Deoxynucleotidyltransferase terminal-interacting protein 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DNTTIP2 gene.

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E-SCREEN

E-SCREEN is a cell proliferation assay based on the enhanced proliferation of human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in the presence of estrogen active substances.

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Endometrium

The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.

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EP300

Histone acetyltransferase p300 also known as p300 HAT or E1A-associated protein p300 (where E1A.

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Equol

Equol (4',7-isoflavandiol) is an isoflavandiolThe structures of 7,4’-dihydroxy-isoflavan and its precursors is shown in by Corinna E. Rüfer, Hansruedi Glatt, and Sabine E. Kulling in Drug Metabolism and Disposition (2005, electronic publication).

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ER-X

ER-X is a membrane-associated receptor that is bound and activated by 17α-estradiol and 17β-estradiol and is a putative membrane estrogen receptor (mER).

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ERA-45

ERA-45 is a synthetic estrogen and a selective agonist of the ERα.

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ERA-63

ERA-63, also known as ORG-37663, as well as 3-methylene-7α-methyl-17α-ethynylestra-5(10)-en-17β-ol, is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen and a selective agonist of the ERα that was under development for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis but was never marketed.

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ERB-196

ERB-196, also known as WAY-202196, is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen that acts as a highly selective agonist of the ERβ.

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Erteberel

Erteberel (former developmental code name LY-500307), also known as selective estrogen receptor beta agonist-1 (SERBA-1), is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen which acts as a selective ERβ agonist and is under development by Eli Lilly for the treatment of schizophrenia.

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ERx

ERx is a putative membrane estrogen receptor (mER) of which little is currently known.

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ERX-11

ERX-11, also known as ERα coregulator-binding modulator-11, is a novel antiestrogen and experimental hormonal antineoplastic agent which is being researched for the potential treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

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Estetrol

Estetrol (E4), or oestetrol, is a weak estrogen steroid hormone which is found in detectable levels only during pregnancy.

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Estetrol (medication)

Estetrol, tentative brand names Donesta (alone) and Estelle (with drospirenone), is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which is under development for use as a birth control pill in combination with a progestin, in menopausal hormone therapy to treat symptoms such as vaginal atrophy, hot flashes, and bone loss, and for the treatment of breast cancer, prostate cancer, osteoarthritis, and migraine.

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Estradiol

Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.

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Estradiol (medication)

Estradiol, also spelled oestradiol, is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.

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Estriol

Estriol (E3), also spelled oestriol, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone.

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Estriol (medication)

Estriol, sold under the brand name Ovestin among others, is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which is used in menopausal hormone therapy.

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Estrogen

Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone.

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Estrogen (medication)

An estrogen is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy.

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Estrogen insensitivity syndrome

Estrogen insensitivity syndrome (EIS), or estrogen resistance, is a form of congenital estrogen deficiency or hypoestrogenism which is caused by a defective estrogen receptor (ER) – specifically, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) – that results in an inability of estrogen to mediate its biological effects in the body.

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Estrogen receptor

Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells.

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Estrogen receptor beta

Estrogen receptor beta (ER-β), also known as NR3A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 2), is one of two main types of estrogen receptor, a nuclear receptor which is activated by the sex hormone estrogen.

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Estrogen-related receptor alpha

Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), also known as NR3B1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group B, member 1), is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the ESRRA (Estrogen Related Receptor Alpha) gene.

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Estrone

Estrone (E1), also spelled oestrone, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone.

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Estrone (medication)

Estrone, sold under the brand names Estragyn, Kestrin, and Theelin among many others, is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone which has been used in menopausal hormone therapy and for other indications.

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Estrone sulfate

Estrone sulfate (E1S), or estrone 3-sulfate, is a natural, endogenous steroid and an estrogen ester and conjugate.

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Estrone sulfate (medication)

Estrone sulfate (E1S) is an estrogen medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.

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Ethinylestradiol

Ethinylestradiol (EE) is an estrogen medication which is used widely in birth control pills in combination with progestins.

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Fatty acid synthase

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FASN gene.

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FERb 033

FERb 033 is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen that was synthesized in 2009 and is used in scientific research.

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Ferguson reflex

The Ferguson reflex (also called the foetal ejection reflex) is the neuroendocrine reflex comprising the self-sustaining cycle of uterine contractions initiated by pressure at the cervix or vaginal walls.

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FOXA1

Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1), also known as hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-alpha (HNF-3A), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXA1 gene.

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FOXO1

Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) also known as forkhead in rhabdomyosarcoma is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXO1 gene.

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GATA3

GATA3 is a transcription factor that in humans is encoded by the GATA3 gene.

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Genistein

Genistein is an isoflavone that is described as an angiogenesis inhibitor and a phytoestrogen.

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GPER

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER), also known as G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPER gene.

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GTF2H1

General transcription factor IIH subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GTF2H1 gene.

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GTx-758

GTx-758 (tentative brand name Capesaris) is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen which is under development by GTx, Inc. for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.

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Heat shock protein 90kDa alpha (cytosolic), member A1

Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSP90AA1 gene.

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Hexestrol

Hexestrol (brand names Synestrol, Synoestrol, Estrifar, Estronal, numerous others), also known as hexanestrol, hexoestrol, and dihydrodiethylstilbestrol, is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen of the stilbestrol group related to diethylstilbestrol which was used to treat estrogen deficiency.

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High-dose estrogen

High-dose estrogen (HDE) is a type of hormone therapy in which high doses of estrogens are given.

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Histone acetyltransferase

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are enzymes that acetylate conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins by transferring an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to form ε-N-acetyllysine.

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Histone deacetylase inhibitor

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors, HDACi, HDIs) are chemical compounds that inhibit histone deacetylases.

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HSD17B10

17-β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase X (HSD10) also known as 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 is a mitochondrial enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B10 (hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 10) gene.

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Hydroxynorketamine

Hydroxynorketamine (HNK), or 6-hydroxynorketamine, is a minor metabolite of the anesthetic, dissociative, and antidepressant drug ketamine.

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ISL1

Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the isl1 gene.

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Β-LGND2

β-LGND2, also known as ERβ-selective ligand 2 or as GTx-878, is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen and selective ERβ agonist which was under development by GTx for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis but was never marketed.

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John J. Tyson

John J. Tyson (born December 12, 1947, in Abington, Pennsylvania) is an American systems biologist and mathematical biologist who serves as University Distinguished Professor of Biology at Virginia Tech, and is the former president of the Society for Mathematical Biology.

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KDM5A

Lysine-specific demethylase 5A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the KDM5A gene.

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Ketamine

Ketamine, sold under the brand name Ketalar among others, is a medication mainly used for starting and maintaining anesthesia.

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Lasofoxifene

Lasofoxifene, sold under the brand name Fablyn, is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which is marketed by Pfizer in Lithuania and Portugal for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and for the treatment of vaginal atrophy,https://www.drugs.com/international/lasofoxifene.html and the result of an exclusive research collaboration with Ligand Pharmaceuticals (LGND).

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Lipoxin

Lipoxins (LXs or Lxs), an acronym for lipoxygenase interaction products, are bioactive autacoid metabolites of arachidonic acid made by various cell types.

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Liquiritigenin

Liquiritigenin is a flavanone that was isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and is found in a variety of plants, including Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice).

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List of human transcription factors

This list of manually curated human transcription factors is taken from Lambert, Jolma, Campitelli et al.

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List of MeSH codes (D12.776)

This is part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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List of MeSH codes (D12.776.930)

This is a sub-part (transcription factors only) of List of MeSH codes (D12.776), itself a part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.

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Major vault protein

Major vault protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MVP gene.

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MED1

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1 also known as DRIP205 or Trap220 is a subunit of the Mediator complex and is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MED1 gene.

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MED12

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription, subunit 12 homolog (S. cerevisiae), also known as MED12, is a human gene found on the X chromosome.

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MED14

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED14 gene.

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MED16

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 16 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED16 gene.

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MED24

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 24 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MED24 gene.

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MED6

Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 6 is one of the subunits of the Mediator complex.

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Membrane estrogen receptor

Membrane estrogen receptors (mERs) are a group of receptors which bind estrogen.

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Menerba

Menerba, also known as Menopause Formula 101 (MF-101), is a botanical drug candidate that acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) which is being studied for its potential to relieve hot flashes associated with menopause.

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Menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system (specifically the uterus and ovaries) that makes pregnancy possible.

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Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops from the thin layer of tissue that covers many of the internal organs (known as the mesothelium).

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Methylpiperidinopyrazole

Methylpiperidinopyrazole (MPP) is a synthetic, nonsteroidal, and highly selective antagonist of ERα that is used in scientific research to study the function of this receptor.

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MIBE

MIBE is a synthetic, nonsteroidal antiestrogen that acts as a dual antagonist of the ERα and the GPER.

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Mir-26 microRNA precursor family

The miR-26 microRNA is a small non-coding RNA that is involved in regulating gene expression.

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Mir-618 microRNA precursor family

mir-618 microRNA is a short non-coding RNA molecule belonging both to the family of microRNAs and to that of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs).

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Mitochondrial trifunctional protein

Mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) is a protein attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane which catalyzes three out of the four steps in beta oxidation.

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MNAT1

CDK-activating kinase assembly factor MAT1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MNAT1 gene.

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Moxestrol

Moxestrol, sold under the brand name Surestryl, is an estrogen medication which is or was used in Europe for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and menstrual disorders.

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MTA2

Metastasis-associated protein MTA2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTA2 gene.

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NCOA6

Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOA6 gene.

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Nonsteroidal estrogen

A nonsteroidal estrogen is an estrogen with a nonsteroidal chemical structure.

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Norethisterone

Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone and sold under the brand names Aygestin and Primolut N among many others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders.

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Noretynodrel

Noretynodrel, or norethynodrel, sold under the brand name Enovid among others, is a progestin medication which was previously used in birth control pills and in the treatment of gynecological disorders but is now no longer marketed. It was available both alone and in combination with an estrogen. The medication is taken by mouth. Noretynodrel is a progestin, or a synthetic progestogen, and hence is an agonist of the progesterone receptor, the biological target of progestogens like progesterone. It is a relatively weak progestogen. The medication has weak estrogenic activity, no or only very weak androgenic activity, and no other important hormonal activity. It is a prodrug of various active metabolites in the body, such as norethisterone among others. Noretynodrel was introduced for medical use in 1957. It was specifically approved at this time in combination with mestranol for the treatment of gynecological and menstrual disorders. Subsequently, in 1960, this formulation was approved for use as a birth control pill. It was the first birth control pill to be introduced, and was followed by birth control pills containing norethisterone and other progestins shortly thereafter. Due to its nature as a relatively weak progestogen, noretynodrel is no longer used in medicine. As such, it is no longer marketed.

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NRIP1

Nuclear receptor-interacting protein 1 (NRIP1) also known as receptor-interacting protein 140 (RIP140) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NRIP1 gene.

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Nuclear receptor

In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules.

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Nuclear receptor coactivator 1

The nuclear receptor coactivator 1 is a transcriptional coregulatory protein that contains several nuclear receptor interacting domains and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity.

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Nuclear receptor coactivator 2

The nuclear receptor coactivator 2 also known as NCoA-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCOA2 gene.

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Nuclear receptor coactivator 3

The nuclear receptor coactivator 3 also known as NCOA3 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the NCOA3 gene.

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O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase

O6-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase (also known as AGT, MGMT or AGAT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene.

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Ospemifene

Ospemifene (brand name Osphena produced by Shionogi) is an oral medication indicated for the treatment of dyspareuniapain during sexual intercourseencountered by some women, more often in those who are post-menopausal.

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Paola S. Timiras

Paola S. Timiras, born Paola Silvestri, (July 21, 1923, Rome – September 12, 2008, Berkeley, California) was an endocrinologist studying stress.

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PDLIM1

PDZ and LIM domain protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PDLIM1 gene.

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PELP-1

Proline-, glutamic acid- and leucine-rich protein 1 (PELP1) also known as modulator of non-genomic activity of estrogen receptor (MNAR) and transcription factor HMX3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PELP1 gene.

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PHTPP

PHTPP is a synthetic, nonsteroidal, and highly selective antagonist of ERβ that is used in scientific research to study the function of this receptor.

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Phytoestrogens

Phytoestrogens are plant-derived xenoestrogens (see estrogen) not generated within the endocrine system, but consumed by eating phytoestrogenic plants.

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PNRC1

Proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator 1 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the PNRC1 gene.

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POU4F1

POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1 (POU4F1) also known as brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 3A (BRN3A), homeobox/POU domain protein RDC-1 or Oct-T1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU4F1 gene.

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POU4F2

POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU4F2 gene.

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PRDM2

PR domain zinc finger protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRDM2 gene.

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PRMT2

Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRMT2 gene.

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Progesterone

Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.

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Propylpyrazoletriol

Propylpyrazoletriol (PPT) is a synthetic, nonsteroidal agonist of ERα with 400-fold selectivity over ERβ that is used widely in scientific research to study the function of ERα.

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Quercetin

Quercetin, a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols, is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, and grains; red onions and kale are common foods containing appreciable content of quercetin.

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RBM39

RNA-binding protein 39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBM39 gene.

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Risk factors for breast cancer

Risk factors for breast cancer may be divided into preventable and non-preventable.

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RNF12

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RLIM is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RLIM gene.

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RUNX2

Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) also known as core-binding factor subunit alpha-1 (CBF-alpha-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RUNX2 gene.

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SAFB

Scaffold attachment factor B, also known as SAFB, is a gene with homologs that have been studied in humans and mice.

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SAFB2

Scaffold attachment factor B2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAFB2 gene.

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Selective estrogen receptor modulator

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of drugs that act on the estrogen receptor (ER).

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SERBA-2

SERBA-2, short for selective estrogen receptor beta agonist-2, is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen which acts as a selective ERβ agonist.

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Sex hormone receptor

The sex hormone receptors, or sex steroid receptors, are a group of steroid hormone receptors that interact with the sex hormones, the androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, as well as with sex-hormonal agents such as anabolic steroids, progestins, and antiestrogens.

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SKF-82,958

SKF-82,958 is a synthetic compound of the benzazepine class that acts as a D1/D5 receptor full agonist.

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Small heterodimer partner

The small heterodimer partner (SHP) also known as NR0B2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR0B2 gene.

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SMARCA4

Transcription activator BRG1 also known as ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler SMARCA4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCA4 gene.

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SMARCE1

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCE1 gene.

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Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid spermatozoa develop from germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.

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SRA1

Steroid receptor RNA activator 1 also known as steroid receptor RNA activator protein (SRAP) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SRA1 gene.

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Steroid hormone receptor

Steroid hormone receptors are found in the nucleus, cytosol, and also on the plasma membrane of target cells.

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Stilbestrol

Stilbestrol, or stilboestrol, also known as 4,4'-dihydroxystilbene or 4,4'-stilbenediol, is a stilbenoid and the parent compound of a group of nonsteroidal estrogens that includes, most notably, diethylstilbestrol.

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STK11

Serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) also known as liver kinase B1 (LKB1) or renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-19 is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the STK11 gene.

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Tamoxifen

Tamoxifen (TMX), sold under the brand name Nolvadex among others, is a medication that is used to prevent breast cancer in women and treat breast cancer in women and men.

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Testicular receptor 2

The testicular receptor 2 (TR2) also known as NR2C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 1) is protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2C1 gene.

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Testicular receptor 4

Testicular receptor 4 also known as NR2C2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR2C2 gene.

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Thymine-DNA glycosylase

G/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TDG gene.

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Tibolone

Tibolone, sold under the brand names Livial and Tibofem among others, is a medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and endometriosis.

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Transgenerational stress inheritance

Transgenerational stress inheritance is the transmission of adverse effects of stress-exposure in parents to their offspring through epigenetic mechanisms.

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Triazofos

Triazofos is a chemical compound used in acaricides, insecticides, and nematicides.

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Triclocarban

Triclocarban is an antibacterial agent common in personal care products like soaps and lotions as well as in the medical field, for which it was originally developed.

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TRIM24

Tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1α (TIF1α) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRIM24 gene.

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Trioxifene

Trioxifene (INN) (developmental code name LY-133,314), or as the salt trioxifene mesylate (USAN), is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with competitive binding activity against estradiol for the ERα and antagonistic activity against ERα-mediated gene expression, that was under preclinical and clinical development by Eli Lilly and Company for breast cancer and prostate cancer, but was abandoned.

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WAY-166818

WAY-166818 is a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen related to WAY-200070 which is used in scientific research.

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WAY-200070

WAY-200070 is a synthetic, nonsteroidal, highly selective agonist of ERβ.

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WAY-204688

WAY-204688, also known as SIM-688, is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitor which was originated by ArQule and Wyeth and was under development by Wyeth for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, non-specific inflammation, and sepsis but was never marketed.

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WAY-214156

WAY-214156 is a synthetic nonsteroidal estrogen that acts as a highly selective agonist of the ERβ.

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Withaferin A

Withaferin A is a steroidal lactone, derived from Acnistus arborescens, Withania somnifera (Indian Winter cherry or Ashwagandha in Sanskrit) and other members of Solanaceae family.

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WNT7A

Protein Wnt-7a is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WNT7A gene.

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XBP1

X-box binding protein 1, also known as XBP1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the XBP1 gene.

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ZB716

ZB716, also known as fulvestrant-3-boronic acid, is a synthetic, steroidal, orally active antiestrogen which is under development for the treatment of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer.

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(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene

(R,R)-Tetrahydrochrysene ((R,R)-THC) is a drug used to study the estrogen receptors (ERs) in scientific research.

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(S,S)-Tetrahydrochrysene

(S,S)-Tetrahydrochrysene ((S,S)-THC) is a steroid-like nonsteroidal estrogen and agonist of both the estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ.

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16α-Iodo-E2

16α-Iodo-E2, or 16α-iodoestradiol, is a synthetic, steroidal, potent estrogen with slight preference for the ERα over the ERβ that is used in scientific research.

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16α-LE2

16α-LE2, or 16α-lactone-estradiol, also known as 3,17β-dihydroxy-19-nor-17α-pregna-1,3,5-(10)-triene-21,16α-lactone, is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen featuring a estradiol core.

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16β,17α-Epiestriol

16β,17α-Epiestriol, or 16,17-epiestriol, also known as 16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol, as well as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16β,17α-triol, is a minor and weak endogenous steroidal estrogen that is related to 17α-estradiol and estriol.

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17α-Epiestriol

17α-Epiestriol, or simply 17-epiestriol, also known as 16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol or estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17α-triol, is a minor and weak endogenous estrogen, and the 17α-epimer of estriol (which is 16α-hydroxy-17β-estradiol).

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17α-Estradiol

17α-Estradiol (17α-E2), or 17-epiestradiol, also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17α-diol, is a minor and weak endogenous steroidal estrogen that is related to 17β-estradiol (better known simply as estradiol).

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2-Hydroxyestradiol

2-Hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2), also known as estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-2,3,17β-triol, is an endogenous steroid, catechol estrogen, and metabolite of estradiol, as well as a positional isomer of estriol.

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3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol

3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen and a selective agonist of the ERβ.

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3α-Androstanediol

3α-Androstanediol (often abbreviated as 3α-diol), also known as 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol, is an endogenous inhibitory androstane neurosteroid and weak androgen, and a major metabolite of dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

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3β-Androstanediol

3β-Androstanediol, also known as 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol, and often shortened to 3β-diol, is an endogenous steroid hormone.

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4-Androstenediol

4-Androstenediol, also known as androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol, is an androstenediol that is converted to testosterone.

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5α-Dihydroethisterone

5α-Dihydroethisterone (5α-DHET; developmental code name HE-3562) is an active metabolite of the formerly clinically used but now-discontinued progestin ethisterone and the experimental and never-marketed hormonal antineoplastic agent ethynylandrostanediol (HE-3235).

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8-Prenylnaringenin

8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN), also known as flavaprenin, (S)-8-dimethylallylnaringenin, hopein, or sophoraflavanone B, is a prenylflavonoid phytoestrogen.

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8β-VE2

8β-VE2, or 8β-vinylestradiol, also known as 8β-vinylestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3β,17β-diol, is a synthetic estrogen featuring an estradiol core.

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Redirects here:

ER alpha, ER-alpha, ERα, ESR1, ESR1 (gene), Estrogen receptor α, MERα, NR3A1.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_alpha

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