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118 relations: Amdo, Army groups of the National Revolutionary Army, Battle of Beiping–Tianjin, Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northwestern China, Central Plains War, Chengdong District, Chiang Kai-shek, China–Egypt relations, China–Saudi Arabia relations, Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese people in Egypt, Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama, Dongguan Mosque, Dungan Revolt (1862–77), Ethnic issues in China, Foreign relations of Tibet, Freedom of religion in China, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Genocides in history, Golok rebellions (1917–49), Han (Chinese surname), Han Youwen, Heshui Campaign, History of education in China, History of Islam in China, History of the Kuomintang, History of Xinjiang, Hu Songshan, Hu Yaobang, Hui people, Human rights in Tibet, Ili Rebellion, Index of Taiwan-related articles, Isa Alptekin, Islam in China, Islam in China (1911–present), Japan–Turkey relations, Kazakh exodus from Xinjiang, Kazakhs, Kazakhs in China, Kumbum Monastery, Kuomintang, Kuomintang Islamic insurgency, Labrang Monastery, Lanzhou, Lanzhou Campaign, Linxia County, List of ethnic cleansing campaigns, List of warlords and military cliques in the Warlord Era, Liu Wenhui, ..., Long March, Ma (surname), Ma Biao (general), Ma Bufang Mansion, Ma Bukang, Ma Buluan, Ma Buqing, Ma Chengxiang, Ma clique, Ma Hongkui, Ma Jiyuan, Ma Liang (general), Ma Lin (warlord), Ma Qi, Ma Zhanhai, Ma Zhongying, Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Mausoleum of Genghis Khan, Meridian Ridge Campaign, Muslim conflict in Gansu (1927–30), Muslim groups in China, Ninghai Army, Ningxia Campaign (1949), Panchen Lama, Peng Dehuai, Persecution of Buddhists, Persecution of minority Muslim groups, Persecution of Muslims, Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950, Qinghai, Qinghai Lake, Qinghai–Tibet War, Religious war, Sailaifengye, Salafi movement, Salar people, Second East Turkestan Republic, Second Sino-Japanese War, Serfdom in Tibet controversy, Sinicization of Tibet, Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, Sino-Tibetan War, Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang, State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No. 5, State-owned enterprises of Taiwan, Sufi–Salafi relations, Sun Dianying, Sun Yat-sen, Taiwan–Saudi Arabia relations, Taktser, Tibet (1912–1951), Tibetan independence movement, Tibetan sovereignty debate, Timeline of 20th-century Muslim history, Uyghur nationalism, Wang Dazhi, War in Ningxia (1934), Warlord Era, Xikang, Xining, Yihewani, Zhang Daqian, Zhang Guotao, Zhao Shoushan, 13th Dalai Lama, 14th Dalai Lama, 1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet, 1959 Tibetan uprising. Expand index (68 more) »
Amdo
Amdo (ʔam˥˥.to˥˥) is one of the three traditional regions of Tibet, the other two being Ü-Tsang and Kham; it is also the birthplace of the 14th Dalai Lama.
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Army groups of the National Revolutionary Army
The army groups (also translated as group armies) of the National Revolutionary Army were the largest conventional mobile formations in the organization of the army of the Republic of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Battle of Beiping–Tianjin
The Battle of Beiping–Tianjin, also known as the Battle of Beijing and the Peiking-Tientsin Operation or by the Japanese as the (25–31 July 1937) was a series of battles of the Second Sino-Japanese War fought in the proximity of Beiping (now Beijing) and Tianjin.
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Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northwestern China
The Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Northwestern China was a counter-guerrilla/counter-insurgency campaign the communists fought against the nationalist guerrilla force that mostly consisted of bandits and nationalist regular troops left behind after the nationalist government withdrew from mainland China.
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Central Plains War
The Central Plains War of 1930 was a civil war between the Nationalist Kuomintang government in Nanjing led by Chiang Kai-shek and several regional military commanders that were former allies of Chiang during the Northern Expedition.
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Chengdong District
Chengdong District is a district of Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province, China.
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Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek (31 October 1887 – 5 April 1975), also romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih or Jiang Jieshi and known as Chiang Chungcheng, was a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975, first in mainland China until 1949 and then in exile in Taiwan.
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China–Egypt relations
People's Republic of China – Egypt relations were established on May 30, 1956.
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China–Saudi Arabia relations
China–Saudi Arabia relations (中沙关系, العلاقات السعودية الصينية) refers to the current and historical bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War
Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War were courted by both Chinese and Japanese generals, but tended to fight against the Japanese, with or without the support of higher echelons of other Chinese factions.
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Chinese people in Egypt
Chinese people in Egypt form one of the smaller groups of overseas Chinese; however, they are a very diverse community with a history reaching back for over a century.
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Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama
Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen (19 February 1938 – 28 January 1989) was the tenth Panchen Lama of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism.
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Dongguan Mosque
Dongguan Mosque is a mosque in Xining, Qinghai Province, China.
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Dungan Revolt (1862–77)
The Dungan Revolt (1862–77) or Tongzhi Hui Revolt (Xiao'erjing: توْجِ حُوِ بِيًا/لُوًا, Тунҗы Хуэй Бян/Луан) or Hui (Muslim) Minorities War was a mainly ethnic and religious war fought in 19th-century western China, mostly during the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor (r. 1861–75) of the Qing dynasty.
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Ethnic issues in China
Ethnic issues in China arise from Chinese history, nationalism, and other factors.
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Foreign relations of Tibet
The foreign relations of Tibet are documented from the 7th century onward, when Buddhism was introduced by missionaries from India.
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Freedom of religion in China
Freedom of religion in China is provided for in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China,Constitution of China, Chapter 2, Article 36.
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Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture also known as Ganzi (THL Kardzé Börik Rangkyongkhül) — is an autonomous prefecture of China occupying the western arm of Sichuan.
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Genocides in history
Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group.
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Golok rebellions (1917–49)
The Ngolok rebellions (1917-1949) were a series of military campaigns against unconquered Ngolok (Golok) tribal Tibetan areas of Qinghai (Amdo), undertaken by two Hui commanders, Gen.
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Han (Chinese surname)
Han (한) is a common Chinese surname.
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Han Youwen
Han Youwen (October 1912–February 22, 1998) was an ethnic Salar Muslim General in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, born in Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai.
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Heshui Campaign
Heshui Campaign, consisted of several fierce battles fought between the communists and the nationalist Ma clique’s force, which consisted mostly of cavalry.
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History of education in China
The history of education in China began with the birth of the Chinese civilization.
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History of Islam in China
The history of Islam in China began when four Ṣaḥābā—Sa‘d ibn Abī Waqqās (594–674), Ja'far ibn Abi Talib, and Jahsh preached in 616/17 and onwards in China after coming from Chittagong-Kamrup-Manipur route after sailing from Abyssinia in 615/16.
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History of the Kuomintang
The Kuomintang (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng; Initials: KMT or GMD) is a Chinese political party that ruled China 1927–48 and then moved to Taiwan.
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History of Xinjiang
The recorded history of the area now known as Xinjiang dates to the 2nd millennium BC.
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Hu Songshan
Hu Songshan (1880–1955), a Hui, was born in 1880, in Tongxin County, Ningxia, China.
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Hu Yaobang
Hu Yaobang (20 November 1915 – 15 April 1989) was a high-ranking official of the People's Republic of China.
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Hui people
The Hui people (Xiao'erjing: خُوِذُو; Dungan: Хуэйзў, Xuejzw) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Han Chinese adherents of the Muslim faith found throughout China, mainly in the northwestern provinces of the country and the Zhongyuan region.
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Human rights in Tibet
Human rights in Tibet is a contentious issue.
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Ili Rebellion
The Ili Rebellion (Üch Wiläyt inqilawi) was a Soviet-backed revolt against the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China in 1944.
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Index of Taiwan-related articles
Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Taiwan include.
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Isa Alptekin
Isa Yusuf Alptekin or ʿĪsa Yūsuf Alptekin (ئەيسا يۈسۈپ ئالپتېكىن. (عيسى يوسف الپتگین) or (عيسى يوسف الپتكین) (Turkish:İsa Yusuf Alptekin)Айсабек; 1901 – 17 December 1995), known in China as Ai Sha, was a Uyghur political leader.
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Islam in China
Islam in China has existed through 1,400 years of continuous interaction with Chinese society.
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Islam in China (1911–present)
After the fall of the Qing dynasty following the 1911 Xinhai Revolution, Sun Yat-sen, who led the new republic, immediately proclaimed that the country belonged equally to the Han, Hui (Muslim), Meng (Mongol), and the Tsang (Tibetan) peoples.
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Japan–Turkey relations
Japanese–Turkish relations are foreign relations between Japan and Turkey.
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Kazakh exodus from Xinjiang
The Kazakh exodus from Xinjiang occurred in waves during the 1950s and 1960s after the victory of the Communist Party of China in Xinjiang.
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Kazakhs
The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Қазақ, Qazaq, قازاق, Qazaqtar, Қазақтар, قازاقتار; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people who mainly inhabit the southern part of Eastern Europe and the Ural mountains and northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also parts of Uzbekistan, China, Russia and Mongolia), the region also known as the Eurasian sub-continent.
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Kazakhs in China
Kazakhs, are a Turkic ethnic group, called Hāsàkè Zú in Chinese (哈萨克族; literally "Kazakh ethnic group") are among 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.
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Kumbum Monastery
Kumbum Monastery (THL Kumbum Jampa Ling), also called Ta'er Temple, is a Tibetan gompa in Huangzhong County, Xining, Qinghai, China.
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Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China (KMT; often translated as the Nationalist Party of China) is a major political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, based in Taipei and is currently the opposition political party in the Legislative Yuan.
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Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
The Kuomintang Islamic insurgency refers to a continuation of the Chinese Civil War by Muslim Kuomintang Republic of China Army forces in Northwest China, in the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, Xinjiang, and another insurgency in Yunnan.
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Labrang Monastery
Labrang Monastery is one of the six great monasteries of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.
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Lanzhou
Lanzhou is the capital and largest city of Gansu Province in Northwest China.
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Lanzhou Campaign
Lanzhou Campaign was a series battle fought between the nationalists and the communists for the control of the largest city in northwestern China during the Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era, and resulted in the communist victory.
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Linxia County
Linxia County (Xiao'erjing: لٍ ﺷﯿَا ﺷِﯿًﺎ) is a county in the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, province of Gansu of the People's Republic of China.
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List of ethnic cleansing campaigns
This article lists incidents that have been termed ethnic cleansing by some academic or legal experts.
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List of warlords and military cliques in the Warlord Era
The Warlord Era is the time period of China beginning from 1916 to the mid-1930s, when the country was divided by various military cliques.
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Liu Wenhui
Liu Wenhui (1895–24 June 1976) was one of the warlords of Sichuan province during China's Warlord era.
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Long March
The Long March (October 1934 – October 1935) was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army.
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Ma (surname)
Ma is a Chinese family name.
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Ma Biao (general)
Ma Biao (1885–1948) was a Chinese Muslim Ma Clique General in the National Revolutionary Army, and served under Ma Bufang, the Governor of Qinghai.
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Ma Bufang Mansion
Ma Bufang Mansion was the mansion of the Chinese Muslim warlord and General Ma Bufang and his family from 1943–1949, and now is a tourist attraction, in Xining, Qinghai, China.
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Ma Bukang
Ma Bukang (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺑُﻮْ ﻛْﺎ) was a Chinese Muslim General and Warlord and a member of the Ma Clique.
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Ma Buluan
Ma Buluan (1905–1969) (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺑُﻮْ ﻟُﻮًا) was a Ma Clique General in the National Revolutionary Army, and a relative of Ma Bufang, the Governor of Qinghai.
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Ma Buqing
Ma Buqing (1901–1977) (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺑُﻮْ شٍ) was a prominent Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, controlling armies in the province of Qinghai.
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Ma Chengxiang
Ma Chengxiang (1914–1991) (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﭼْﻊ ﺷِﯿْﺎ) was a Chinese Muslim general in the National Revolutionary Army.
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Ma clique
The Ma clique or Ma family warlords is a collective name for a group of Hui (Muslim Chinese) warlords in Northwestern China who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia for 10 years from 1919 until 1928.
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Ma Hongkui
Ma Hongkui (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺡْﻮ ﻛُﻮِ; March 14, 1892 – January 14, 1970) was a prominent warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Ningxia.
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Ma Jiyuan
Ma Jiyuan (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ جِ ﻳُﻮًا, January 18, 1921 – February 27, 2012) was a Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the northwestern province of Qinghai.
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Ma Liang (general)
Ma Liang was a Chinese Muslim General and a member of the Ma Clique.
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Ma Lin (warlord)
Ma Lin (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ لٍ,; 1873 – 26 January 1945) was the governor of Qinghai from 1931–38 and the brother of Ma Qi.
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Ma Qi
Ma Qi (23 September 1869 – 5 August 1931) (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ چِ) was a Chinese Muslim warlord in early 20th-century China.
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Ma Zhanhai
Ma Zhanhai (died 1932) was a Chinese Muslim Battalion Commander who was killed in action during the Qinghai Tibet War which was part of the Sino-Tibetan War.
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Ma Zhongying
Ma Zhongying, also Ma Chung-ying (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺟْﻮ ىٍ; c. 1910–1936?) was a Hui Chinese Muslim warlord during the Warlord era of China.
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Marco Polo Bridge Incident
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident, also known by several other names, was a battle between the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army and the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Mausoleum of Genghis Khan
The Mausoleum of Genghis Khan, is a temple dedicated to Genghis Khan, where he is worshipped as ancestor, dynastic founder, and deity.
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Meridian Ridge Campaign
The Meridian Ridge Campaign was a series of battles fought between the nationalists and the communists in the Shaanxi province of northwest China during the Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era, resulting in a nationalist victory.
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Muslim conflict in Gansu (1927–30)
Muslim Conflict in Gansu was when a coalition of Muslim Generals broke out in revolt against the Guominjun in 1927.
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Muslim groups in China
The vast majority of China's Muslims are Sunni Muslims, though members of other Muslim groups exist, particularly those of Sufi orders.
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Ninghai Army
The Ninghai Army, later the 26th Division (National Revolutionary Army) was a Muslim Hui army in the Republic of China commanded by General Ma Qi, who controlled the Xining area of Qinghai, then a special region of Gansu province.
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Ningxia Campaign (1949)
The Ningxia Campaign was a series of battles fought between the nationalists and the communists during Chinese Civil War in the post World War II era, and resulted in the communist victory.
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Panchen Lama
The Panchen Lama is a tulku of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.
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Peng Dehuai
Peng Dehuai (October 24, 1898November 29, 1974) was a prominent Chinese Communist military leader, who served as China's Defense Minister from 1954 to 1959.
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Persecution of Buddhists
Many Buddhists have experienced persecution from non-Buddhists and other Buddhists during the history of Buddhism.
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Persecution of minority Muslim groups
The Ahmadiyya regard themselves as Muslims, but are seen by many other Muslims as non-Muslims and "heretics" since they are accused of not believing in the finality of prophethood since the death of Muhammad.
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Persecution of Muslims
Persecution of Muslims is the religious persecution inflicted upon followers of Islamic faith.
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Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950
Protests and uprisings in Tibet against the government of the People's Republic of China have occurred since 1950, and include the 1959 uprising, the 2008 uprising, and the subsequent self-immolation protests.
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Qinghai
Qinghai, formerly known in English as Kokonur, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest of the country.
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Qinghai Lake
Qinghai Lake, Koko Nor (Mongolian: Хөх нуур) or Tso Ngonpo (Tibetan: མཚོ་སྔོན་པོ།) is the largest lake in China.
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Qinghai–Tibet War
The Qinghai–Tibet War was a conflict that took place during the Sino-Tibetan War.
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Religious war
A religious war or holy war (bellum sacrum) is a war primarily caused or justified by differences in religion.
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Sailaifengye
Sailaifengye mean Salafiyah (Salafi) in China.
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Salafi movement
The Salafi movement or Salafist movement or Salafism is a reform branch or revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that developed in Egypt in the late 19th century as a response to European imperialism.
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Salar people
The Salar people (Salır, سالار;, Xiao'erjing: صَالاذُ) are an ethnic minority of China who largely speak the Salar language, an Oghuz Turkic language.
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Second East Turkestan Republic
The Second East Turkestan Republic, commonly referred to simply as the East Turkestan Republic (ETR), was a short-lived Soviet-backed Turkic socialist people's republic.
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Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945.
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Serfdom in Tibet controversy
The serfdom in Tibet controversy rests on Chinese claims of moral authority for governing Tibet, portraying Tibet as a "feudal serfdom" and a "hell on earth" prior to its invasion in 1950.
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Sinicization of Tibet
The sinicization of Tibet refers to the cultural assimilation which has occurred in Tibetan areas of China (including the Tibet Autonomous Region and surrounding Tibetan-designated autonomous areas) and has made these areas resemble mainstream Chinese society.
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Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact
The Sino-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was signed in Nanjing on August 21, 1937, between the Republic of China and the Soviet Union during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Sino-Tibetan War
The Sino-Tibetan War was a war that began in 1930 when the Tibetan Army under the 13th Dalai Lama invaded Xikang and Yushu in Qinghai in a dispute over monasteries.
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Socialist ideology of the Kuomintang
The former socialist ideology of the Kuomintang is a unique form of socialism and socialist thought developed in mainland China during the early Republic of China.
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State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No. 5
State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No.
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State-owned enterprises of Taiwan
Corporations such as Wang Film Productions, CPC Corporation, Taiwan Financial Holdings Group and Aerospace Industrial Development Corporation are owned by the state in the Republic of China.
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Sufi–Salafi relations
The relationship between Salafism and Sufis – two movements of Sunni Islam with different interpretations of Islam – is historically diverse and reflects some of the changes and conflicts in the Muslim world today.
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Sun Dianying
Sun Dianying (1889–1948) was a Chinese bandit leader, warlord, and National Revolutionary Army commander who fought in the Warlord Era, Second Sino-Japanese War, and Chinese Civil War, earning notoriety for changing sides multiple times in course of these conflicts.
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Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925)Singtao daily.
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Taiwan–Saudi Arabia relations
After World War II, the Republic of China (Taiwan) maintained diplomatic relations with only a few Middle Eastern countries, one of which was Saudi Arabia.
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Taktser
Taktser or Tengtser (Place on the Heights) is a village in the Western Chinese province of Qinghai where Tibetan, Han and Hui Chinese live.
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Tibet (1912–1951)
The historical era of Tibet from 1912 to 1951 followed the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912, and lasted until the invasion of Tibet by the People's Republic of China.
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Tibetan independence movement
The Tibetan independence movement is a movement for the independence of Tibet and the political separation of Tibet from China.
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Tibetan sovereignty debate
The Tibetan sovereignty debate refers to two political debates.
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Timeline of 20th-century Muslim history
No description.
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Uyghur nationalism
Uyghur nationalism, or the East Turkestan independence movement, is the notion that the Uyghurs, a Turkic ethnic group who primarily inhabit China's Xinjiang region (or "East Turkestan"), should form an independent state.
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Wang Dazhi
Wang Dazhi (Chinese: 汪达之; Pinyin: Wāng Dázhī; April 21, 1903 – March 27, 1980) was a Chinese educator.
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War in Ningxia (1934)
The war in Ningxia of 1934, also known as Sun Dianying Campaign, was a minor civil war for control over the Republic of China's province Ningxia, fought between the warlord Sun Dianying and an alliance against him, consisting of the Ma clique, Governor Yan Xishan of Shanxi, and the Nationalist government of China.
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Warlord Era
The Warlord Era (19161928) was a period in the history of the Republic of China when the control of the country was divided among former military cliques of the Beiyang Army and other regional factions, which was spread across in the mainland regions of Sichuan, Shanxi, Qinghai, Ningxia, Guangdong, Guangxi, Gansu, Yunnan, and Xinjiang.
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Xikang
Xikang or Sikang or Hsikang was a province of the Republic of China and early People's Republic of China.
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Xining
Xining (Xīníng; ཟི་ལིང་། Ziling) is the capital of Qinghai province in western China, and the largest city on the Tibetan Plateau.
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Yihewani
Yihewani, or Ikhwan (d), (also known as Al Ikhwan al Muslimun, which means Muslim Brotherhood, not to be confused with the Middle Eastern Muslim Brotherhood) is an Islamic sect in China.
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Zhang Daqian
Zhang Daqian or Chang Dai-chien (10 May 1899 – 2 April 1983) was one of the best-known and most prodigious Chinese artists of the twentieth century.
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Zhang Guotao
Zhang Guotao (November 26, 1897 – December 3, 1979) was a founding member and important leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and bitter rival to Mao Zedong.
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Zhao Shoushan
Zhao Shoushan (12 November 1894 – 20 June 1965) was a KMT general and later Chinese Communist Party politician.He is the grandfather of Zhao Leji.
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13th Dalai Lama
Thubten Gyatso (shortened from Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal;; 12 February 1876 – 17 December 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet.
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14th Dalai Lama
The 14th Dalai Lama (religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso; born Lhamo Thondup, 6 July 1935) is the current Dalai Lama.
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1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet
The Japanese expedition to Tibet was an intelligence mission undertaken by in Tibet in 1939.
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1959 Tibetan uprising
The 1959 Tibetan uprising or the 1959 Tibetan rebellion began on 10 March 1959, when a revolt erupted in Lhasa, the capital of the Tibet Area, which had been under the effective control of the People's Republic of China since the Seventeen Point Agreement was reached in 1951.
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Redirects here:
Ma Bufeng, Ma Pu-fang, Ma Pufang, Mǎ Bùfāng, Pu Fang Ma, Pu-fang Ma, 馬步芳, 马步芳.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_Bufang
