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334 relations: Ab urbe condita, Abbo Cernuus, Abbo of Fleury, Absalon, Adalberon (bishop of Laon), Adam of Perseigne, Adelmann, Ado of Vienne, Adso of Montier-en-Der, Aeneas of Paris, Agnes of France, Byzantine Empress, Agobard, Ailbe of Emly, Alberic of Monte Cassino, Albert of Aix, Alchas of Toul, Aldhelm, Alger of Liège, Amastrianum, Ambrosian hymns, Amulo, Anastasius Bibliothecarius, Anselm of Canterbury, Anselm of Havelberg, Anselm of Laon, Apostles' Creed, Archdiocese of Carthage, Architrenius, Ardo Smaragdus, Arnobius the Younger, Arnulf of Lisieux, Ascholius, Audita tremendi, Augustine of Hippo, Auxilius of Naples, Avissa, Ælfric of Eynsham, Bacanaria, Bec Abbey, Belesasa, Benedict of Aniane, Benignus of Dijon, Berengaudus, Bernard of Chartres, Bernard of Clairvaux, Berthoald, Duke of Saxony, Berthold of Reichenau, Betagbarar, Biblical Magi, Boghar, ..., Bonizo of Sutri, Bonne-Espérance Abbey, Botriana, Byzantine music, Canaan, Canon Episcopi, Canons of the Apostles, Canons regular, Cardinals created by Celestine II, Carthage, Casper, Celibacy, Celtic Rite, Ceremonial use of lights, Charon's obol, Christchurch Dragon, Christian anthropology, Christian burial, Christian views on sin, Cistercians, Claudius Mamertinus, Clerical celibacy, Codex Vercellensis, Coelius Sedulius, Collections of ancient canons, Commentary on Job, Corporal (liturgy), Corpus Corporum, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, Cresconius Africanus, Crown of thorns, Cynocephaly, Cyprian, Cyriacus II of Constantinople, Damian of Pavia, Dark Ages (historiography), David Scotus, De bono mortis, Dionysius Exiguus, Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil, Dominic Loricatus, Dominic Vallarsi, Donation of Constantine, Droit de régale, Dudo of Saint-Quentin, Dungal of Bobbio, Durandus of Troarn, Early Christian lamps, Early Irish literature, Early medieval literature, Ebbo, Ebroin, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Eckebert, Editio princeps, Elisabeth of Schönau, Elucidarium, Epiphany (holiday), Epistola Adefonsi Hispaniae regis, Ermoldus Nigellus, Ernulf, Eucharist, Eucharistic theology, Eudoxius of Antioch, Eugenius II of Toledo, Eutropius of Valencia, Eutychius of Constantinople, Facundus of Hermiane, Ferrandus, First Council of Constantinople, Flavius Lucius Dexter, Flavius Rusticus Helpidius, Flodoard, Forum of the Ox, Francisco Macedo, Fravitta of Constantinople, Frobenius Forster, Fulcher of Chartres, Fulgentius Ferrandus, Gaius Marius Victorinus, Gelsimus of Toul, Geoffrey of Clairvaux, Geoffrey of Vendôme, Gerard of Florennes, Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum, Gesta Regum Anglorum, Gesta Tancredi, Gilbert Foliot, Gilbert of Hoyland, Gilbert, Count of Gravina, Gildas, Girolamo and Pietro Ballerini, Glodesind, Glossa Ordinaria, Godfrey of Saint Victor, Good King Wenceslas, Goscelin, Gottfried of Admont, Gottschalk of Orbais, Gravi de pugna, Gregory of Elvira, Haluza, Haymo of Halberstadt, Helgaud, Henry of Lausanne, Henry of Marcy, Heriger of Lobbes, Hilary the Deacon, Hildegard of Bingen, Hildegard of Bingen bibliography, Hilduin, Hincmar, Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum, History of the East–West Schism, History of the Roman Canon, Hugh (archbishop of Edessa), Hugh of Champagne, Hugh of Flavigny, Hugh of Fleury, Hugh of Saint Victor, Hugo Etherianis, Humanzee, Hwair, Hydatius, Jacques Paul Migne, Jean Baptiste François Pitra, Jean Garet, Jerome, Joannes Maxentius, Job, Archbishop of Esztergom, Johannes Hymonides, John Moschus, John of Cappadocia, John of Cornwall (theologian), John of Fécamp, John Scholasticus, Jonas of Bobbio, Jordan of Laron, Joseph Anthelmi, Joseph's Granaries, Julian of Eclanum, Juliana of Nicomedia, Laodicea on the Lycus, Lay confession, Leander of Seville, Lebuinus, Lex orandi, lex credendi, Liber miraculorum sancte Fidis, Liber Scintillarum, Ligugé Abbey, List of cardinal-nephews, List of Church Fathers, List of gemstones in the Bible, List of works by Bede, Liturgical Movement, Livinus, Lothair II, Lumen Christi, Macedonius II of Constantinople, Manchán of Min Droichit, Marbodius of Rennes, Marius Aventicensis, Marius Mercator, Martin of Leon, Martyrology of Usuard, Mass (liturgy), Maurice de Sully, Maximin of Trier, Maximus I of Constantinople, Medieval Latin, Membra Jesu Nostri, Milo Crispin, MPL, Nazarius and Celsus, Nicholas of Clairvaux, Nones (liturgy), Optatus, Orientius, Osbern of Canterbury, Ostiarius, Otloh of Sankt Emmeram, Papal diplomatics, Papal profession of faith (late 7th century), Paschasius Radbertus, Paterius, Patristics, Patrologia Graeca, Patrologia Orientalis, Paul the Deacon, Paulinus II of Aquileia, Pax (liturgy), Peter Cellensis, Peter of Vaux-de-Cernay, Peter the Deacon, Peter the Venerable, Peter Tudebode, Petronius of Bologna, Petrus Comestor, Philokalia, Philosophical anthropology, Pierre Coustant, PL, Pluto (mythology), Pole star, Polystylus (place), Pontianus Africae, Poor Catholics, Pope Sixtus II, Pope Sylvester II, Pope Zachary, Premillennialism, Prosper of Aquitaine, Protopope, Prudentius Maran, Prudentius of Troyes, Pseudo-Augustine, Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals, Quantum praedecessores, Quintus Aurelius Symmachus, Rabanus Maurus, Ratherius, Regino of Prüm, Renier of St Laurent, Richard of Saint Victor, Richard Palmer (bishop), Robert Pullen, Rodulfus Tortarius, Roman Catholic Diocese of Geneva, Roman Catholic Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg, Roman Catholic Diocese of Orléans, Romanus of Caesarea, Roscellinus, Rupert of Deutz, Ruspe, Sacraments of initiation, Saint Alban, Saint John I Agnus, Salvian, Scourge, Second Crusade, Sedia gestatoria, Sermones (Pseudo)-Bonifatii, Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel, Stephen du Perche, Stephen of Autun, Stephen of Liège, Stephen of Muret, Stephen of Tournai, Tertullian, Thaïs (saint), Thangmar, Themistius, Theological miscellany (British Library, MS Additional 43460), Ticonius, Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (717–1204), Tree of the knowledge of good and evil, Trojanus of Saintes, Typographic ligature, Ulrich of Zell, Victor of Capua, Victor Vitensis, Victorinus of Pettau, Virgilius of Arles, Vita Germani, Voncariana, Votive Mass, Walter of Châtillon, Walter of Saint Victor, Walter the Chancellor, Wenrich of Trier, Wibald, William I of Sicily, William of Conches, William of Hirsau, William of Malmesbury, William of Poitiers, William of St-Thierry, William of Tyre, William the Walloon, Witch-hunt, Wolfhelm of Brauweiler, Women and trousers, Zacharias Chrysopolitanus, 1844 in literature. 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Ab urbe condita
Ab urbe condita or Anno urbis conditae (abbreviated: A.U.C. or AUC) is a convention that was used in antiquity and by classical historians to refer to a given year in Ancient Rome.
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Abbo Cernuus
Abbo Cernuus ("the Crooked"), Abbo Parisiensis, or Abbo of Saint-Germain was a Neustrian Benedictine monk and poet of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris.
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Abbo of Fleury
Abbo or Abbon of Fleury (Abbo Floriacensis; – 13 November 1004), also known as Saint Abbo or Abbon, was a monk and abbot of Fleury Abbey in present-day Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire near Orléans, France.
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Absalon
Absalon or Axel (21 March 1201) was a Danish archbishop and statesman, who was the Bishop of Roskilde from 1158 to 1192 and Archbishop of Lund from 1178 until his death.
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Adalberon (bishop of Laon)
Adalberon, or Ascelin (died July 19, 1030/1031), was a French bishop and poet.
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Adam of Perseigne
Adam of Perseigne (1145 – 1221) was a French Cistercian, abbot of Perseigne Abbey in the Diocese of Le Mans.
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Adelmann
Adelmann (Adelmannus Leodiensis, Adelmanno di Liegi, Adelman de Liège, Adelman van Luik, Adelmann von Lüttich; ?, - c. 1061, Brescia) was the bishop of Brescia, in Northern Italy, during the eleventh century.
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Ado of Vienne
Ado of Vienne (Ado Viennensis, Adon de Vienne; died 16 December 874) was archbishop of Vienne in Lotharingia from 850 until his death and is venerated as a saint.
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Adso of Montier-en-Der
Adso of Montier-en-Der (Adso Dervensis) (910/920 – 992) was abbot of the Benedictine monastery of Montier-en-Der in France, and died on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
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Aeneas of Paris
Aeneas of Paris (died 27 December 870) was bishop of Paris from 858 to 870.
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Agnes of France, Byzantine Empress
Agnes of France, renamed Anna (1171 – after 1204) was a Byzantine Empress by marriage to Alexios II Komnenos and Andronikos I Komnenos.
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Agobard
Agobard of Lyon (–840) was a Spanish-born priest and archbishop of Lyon, during the Carolingian Renaissance.
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Ailbe of Emly
Saint Ailbe (Albeus), usually known in English as St Elvis, (British/Welsh) Eilfyw or Eilfw, was regarded as the chief 'pre-Patrician' saint of Ireland (although his death was recorded in the early 6th-century).
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Alberic of Monte Cassino
Alberic of Monte Cassino was a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church who died in 1088.
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Albert of Aix
Albert of Aix(-la-Chapelle) or Albert of Aachen (floruit circa AD 1100), historian of the First Crusade, was born during the later part of the 11th century, and afterwards became canon (priest) and custos (guardian) of the church of Aachen.
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Alchas of Toul
Saint Alchas (fl. 420) was the third bishop of Toul.
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Aldhelm
Aldhelm (c. 63925 May 709), Abbot of Malmesbury Abbey, Bishop of Sherborne, Latin poet and scholar of Anglo-Saxon literature, was born before the middle of the 7th century.
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Alger of Liège
Alger of Liège (1055–1131), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège author of several notable works.
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Amastrianum
The Amastrianum (Amastriánum, τά Αμαστριανοῦ, pr. "ta Amastrianoú"), by modern authors also Forum Amastrianum, was a public square (Forum) in the city of Constantinople (today's Istanbul).
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Ambrosian hymns
Ambrose in the fourth century wrote hymns in a severe style, clothing Christian ideas in classical phraseology, and yet appealing to popular tastes.
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Amulo
Amulo Lugdunensis (also known as: Amalo, Amulon, Amolo, Amularius) served as Archbishop of Lyons from 841 to 852 AD.
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Anastasius Bibliothecarius
Anastasius Bibliothecarius or Anastasius the Librarian (c. 810 – c. 878) was bibliothecarius (literally "librarian") and chief archivist of the Church of Rome and also briefly an Antipope.
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Anselm of Canterbury
Anselm of Canterbury (1033/4-1109), also called (Anselmo d'Aosta) after his birthplace and (Anselme du Bec) after his monastery, was a Benedictine monk, abbot, philosopher and theologian of the Catholic Church, who held the office of archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109.
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Anselm of Havelberg
Anselm of Havelberg (c. 1100 – 1158) was a German bishop and statesman, and a secular and religious ambassador to Constantinople.
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Anselm of Laon
Anselm of Laon (Anselmus; 1117), properly Ansel (Ansellus), was a French theologian and founder of a school of scholars who helped to pioneer biblical hermeneutics.
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Apostles' Creed
The Apostles' Creed (Latin: Symbolum Apostolorum or Symbolum Apostolicum), sometimes entitled Symbol of the Apostles, is an early statement of Christian belief—a creed or "symbol".
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Archdiocese of Carthage
The episcopal see of Carthage, the city restored to importance by Julius Caesar and Augustus, in which Christianity was firmly established by the 2nd century, was the most important in the whole of Roman Africa and continued as a residential see even after it had fallen to the Muslim conquest, until the start of the second millennium.
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Architrenius
Architrenius is a medieval allegorical and satirical poem in hexameters by Johannes de Hauvilla (also known as Johannes de Altavilla or Jean de Hauteville).
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Ardo Smaragdus
Ardo Smaragdus (died March 843 AD) was a hagiographer.
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Arnobius the Younger
Arnobius the Younger (Arnobius Junior), Christian priest or bishop in Gaul, wrote from Rome around the year 460.
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Arnulf of Lisieux
Arnulf of Lisieux (1104/1109 – 31 August 1184) was a medieval French bishop who figured prominently as a conservative figure during the Renaissance of the 12th century, built the Cathedral of Lisieux, which introduced Gothic architecture to Normandy, and implemented the reforms of Bernard of Clairvaux.
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Ascholius
Saint Ascholius (Ἀσχόλιος, d. 383/4) was Bishop of Thessalonica from AD 379 until his death, at the time of the adoption of Christianity as the state religion of the Roman Empire.
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Audita tremendi
Audita tremendi was a papal bull issued by Pope Gregory VIII on October 29, 1187, calling for the Third Crusade.
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Augustine of Hippo
Saint Augustine of Hippo (13 November 354 – 28 August 430) was a Roman African, early Christian theologian and philosopher from Numidia whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy.
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Auxilius of Naples
Auxilius of Naples (which has been considered a pseudonym) was an ecclesiastical writer.
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Avissa
Avissa also known as Avissensis was a Roman and Byzantine-era town in Roman province of Africa Proconsularis, Roman North Africa.
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Ælfric of Eynsham
Ælfric of Eynsham (Ælfrīc; Alfricus, Elphricus) was an English abbot, as well as a consummate, prolific writer in Old English of hagiography, homilies, biblical commentaries, and other genres.
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Bacanaria
The diocese of Bacanaria (Dioecesis Bacanariensis) is a suppressed and titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Bec Abbey
Bec Abbey, formally the Abbey of Our Lady of Bec (Abbaye Notre-Dame du Bec), is a Benedictine monastic foundation in the Eure département, in the Bec valley midway between the cities of Rouen and Bernay.
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Belesasa
Belesasa was an ancient city and former bishopric in Roman North Africa, which only remains a Latin Catholic titular see.
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Benedict of Aniane
Saint Benedict of Aniane (Benedictus Anianensis; Benedikt von Aniane; 747 – 12 February 821 AD), born Witiza and called the Second Benedict, was a Benedictine monk and monastic reformer, who left a large imprint on the religious practice of the Carolingian Empire.
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Benignus of Dijon
Saint Benignus of Dijon (Saint Bénigne) was a martyr honored as the patron saint and first herald of Christianity of Dijon, Burgundy (Roman Divio).
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Berengaudus
Berengaudus (840–892) was a Benedictine monk, supposed author of Expositio super septem visiones libri Apocalypsis, a Latin commentary on the Book of Revelation.
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Bernard of Chartres
Bernard of Chartres (Bernardus Carnotensis; died after 1124) was a twelfth-century French Neo-Platonist philosopher, scholar, and administrator.
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Bernard of Clairvaux
Bernard of Clairvaux, O.Cist (Bernardus Claraevallensis; 109020 August 1153) was a French abbot and a major leader in the reform of Benedictine monasticism that caused the formation of the Cistercian order.
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Berthoald, Duke of Saxony
Berthoald (died 622) was the Duke of the Saxons during the reign of the Frankish kings Chlothar II and his son Dagobert I, the last ruling Merovingians.
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Berthold of Reichenau
Berthold of Reichenau (died probably in 1088) was a Benedictine monk and chronicler of Reichenau Abbey.
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Betagbarar
The diocese of Betagbarar (Dioecesis Betagbarensis) is a suppressed and now titular see of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Biblical Magi
The biblical Magi (or; singular: magus), also referred to as the (Three) Wise Men or (Three) Kings, were, in the Gospel of Matthew and Christian tradition, a group of distinguished foreigners who visited Jesus after his birth, bearing gifts of gold, frankincense and myrrh.
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Boghar
Boghar is a town and commune in Médéa Province, Algeria.
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Bonizo of Sutri
Bonizo of Sutri or Bonitho was a Bishop of Sutri in Central Italy, in the eleventh century, an adherent of Gregory VII and an advocate of the ideals of that pope.
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Bonne-Espérance Abbey
Bonne-Espérance Abbey was a Premonstratensian abbey that existed from 1130 to the end of the 18th century, located in Vellereille-les-Brayeux in the Walloon municipality of Estinnes, province of Hainaut, Diocese of Tournai, in present-day Belgium.
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Botriana
Botriana is a locality and archaeological site in Tunisia.
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Byzantine music
Byzantine music is the music of the Byzantine Empire.
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Canaan
Canaan (Northwest Semitic:; Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 Kenā‘an; Hebrew) was a Semitic-speaking region in the Ancient Near East during the late 2nd millennium BC.
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Canon Episcopi
The title canon Episcopi (also capitulum Episcopi) is conventionally given to a certain passage found in medieval canon law.
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Canons of the Apostles
The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a 4th century Syrian Christian text.
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Canons regular
Canons regular are priests in the Western Church living in community under a rule ("regula" in Latin), and sharing their property in common.
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Cardinals created by Celestine II
Pope Celestine II (1143–1144) created nine cardinals in one consistory.
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Carthage
Carthage (from Carthago; Punic:, Qart-ḥadašt, "New City") was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia.
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Casper
Casper (with the same sounding Kasper) is a family and personal name derived from Chaldean that means "Treasurer".
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Celibacy
Celibacy (from Latin, cælibatus") is the state of voluntarily being unmarried, sexually abstinent, or both, usually for religious reasons.
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Celtic Rite
The term "Celtic Rite" is applied to the various liturgical rites used in Celtic Christianity in Britain, Ireland and Brittany and the monasteries founded by St. Columbanus and Saint Catald in France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy during the early middle ages.
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Ceremonial use of lights
The ceremonial use of lights is found in the practice of many religions.
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Charon's obol
Charon's obol is an allusive term for the coin placed in or on the mouth of a dead person before burial.
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Christchurch Dragon
The Christchurch Dragon is a legend associated with the town of Christchurch, Dorset, on the south coast of England.
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Christian anthropology
In the context of Christian theology, Christian anthropology refers to the study of the human ("anthropology") as it relates to God.
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Christian burial
A Christian burial is the burial of a deceased person with specifically Christian ecclesiastical rites; typically, in consecrated ground.
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Christian views on sin
The doctrine of sin is central to Christianity, since its basic message is about redemption in Christ.
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Cistercians
A Cistercian is a member of the Cistercian Order (abbreviated as OCist, SOCist ((Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis), or ‘’’OCSO’’’ (Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), which are religious orders of monks and nuns. They are also known as “Trappists”; as Bernardines, after the highly influential St. Bernard of Clairvaux (though that term is also used of the Franciscan Order in Poland and Lithuania); or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the "cuccula" or white choir robe worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cuccula worn by Benedictine monks. The original emphasis of Cistercian life was on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales. Over the centuries, however, education and academic pursuits came to dominate the life of many monasteries. A reform movement seeking to restore the simpler lifestyle of the original Cistercians began in 17th-century France at La Trappe Abbey, leading eventually to the Holy See’s reorganization in 1892 of reformed houses into a single order Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO), commonly called the Trappists. Cistercians who did not observe these reforms became known as the Cistercians of the Original Observance. The term Cistercian (French Cistercien), derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the village of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was in this village that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English monk Stephen Harding, who were the first three abbots. Bernard of Clairvaux entered the monastery in the early 1110s with 30 companions and helped the rapid proliferation of the order. By the end of the 12th century, the order had spread throughout France and into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Eastern Europe. The keynote of Cistercian life was a return to literal observance of the Rule of St Benedict. Rejecting the developments the Benedictines had undergone, the monks tried to replicate monastic life exactly as it had been in Saint Benedict's time; indeed in various points they went beyond it in austerity. The most striking feature in the reform was the return to manual labour, especially agricultural work in the fields, a special characteristic of Cistercian life. Cistercian architecture is considered one of the most beautiful styles of medieval architecture. Additionally, in relation to fields such as agriculture, hydraulic engineering and metallurgy, the Cistercians became the main force of technological diffusion in medieval Europe. The Cistercians were adversely affected in England by the Protestant Reformation, the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII, the French Revolution in continental Europe, and the revolutions of the 18th century, but some survived and the order recovered in the 19th century.
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Claudius Mamertinus
Claudius Mamertinus (fl. mid-late 4th century AD) was an official in the Roman Empire.
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Clerical celibacy
Clerical celibacy is the requirement in certain religions that some or all members of the clergy be unmarried.
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Codex Vercellensis
The title Codex Vercellensis Evangeliorum refers to two manuscript codices preserved in the cathedral library of Vercelli, in the Piedmont Region, Italy.
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Coelius Sedulius
Sedulius (sometimes with the nomen Coelius or Caelius, both of doubtful authenticity) was a Christian poet of the first half of the 5th century.
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Collections of ancient canons
Collections of ancient canons contain collected bodies of canon law that originated in various documents, such as papal and synodal decisions, and that can be designated by the generic term of canons.
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Commentary on Job
Saint Gregory's Commentary on Job, or Moralia, sive Expositio in Job, sometimes called Magna Moralia (not to be confused with Aristotle's Magna Moralia), was written between 578 and 595, begun when Gregory was at the court of Tiberius II at Constantinople, but finished only after he had already been in Rome for several years.
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Corporal (liturgy)
The corporal (arch. corporax, from Latin corpus "body") is a square white linen cloth, now usually somewhat smaller than the breadth of the altar, upon which the chalice and paten, and also the ciborium containing the smaller hosts for the Communion of the laity, are placed during the celebration of the Catholic Eucharist (Mass).
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Corpus Corporum
Corpus Córporum (Lat. "the collection of collections") or in full, Corpus Córporum: repositorium operum latinorum apud universitatem Turicensem, is a digital Medieval Latin library developed by the University of Zurich,.
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Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum
The Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum (CSEL) is an academic series that publishes critical editions of Latin works by late-antique Christian authors.
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Cresconius Africanus
Cresconius Africanus (Crisconius) was a Latin canon lawyer, of uncertain date and place.
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Crown of thorns
According to three of the canonical Gospels, a woven crown of thorns was placed on the head of Jesus during the events leading up to the crucifixion of Jesus.
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Cynocephaly
The characteristic of cynocephaly, or cynocephalus, having the head of a dog—or of a jackal—is a widely attested mythical phenomenon existing in many different forms and contexts.
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Cyprian
Saint Cyprian (Thaschus Cæcilius Cyprianus; 200 – September 14, 258 AD) was bishop of Carthage and a notable Early Christian writer of Berber descent, many of whose Latin works are extant.
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Cyriacus II of Constantinople
Cyriacus (? – 29 October 606) was the thirtieth Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (595–606).
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Damian of Pavia
Damian of Pavia (also Damianus Ticinensis, Damianus Mediolanensis, Damianus Biscossia) was Bishop of Pavia from 680, succeeding bishop Anastasius.
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Dark Ages (historiography)
The "Dark Ages" is a historical periodization traditionally referring to the Middle Ages, that asserts that a demographic, cultural, and economic deterioration occurred in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire.
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David Scotus
David Scotus, Gaelic chronicler, died 1139.
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De bono mortis
De bono mortis ("Death as a good") is a sermon by St. Ambrose (340–397), a Doctor of the Church.
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Dionysius Exiguus
Dionysius Exiguus (Latin for "Dionysius the Humble"; –) was a 6th-century monk born in Scythia Minor (probably modern Dobruja, in Romania and Bulgaria).
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Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil
The Liturgy of Saint Basil or, more formally, the Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil the Great, is a term for several Eastern Christian celebrations of the Divine Liturgy (Eucharist), or at least several anaphoras, which are named after St. Basil the Great.
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Dominic Loricatus
Dominic Loricatus, O.S.B. Cam. (Italian: San Domenico Loricato; 995 - 1060), was an Italian monk, born in the village of Luceolis near Cantiano (then in Umbria, now in the Marche).
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Dominic Vallarsi
Dominic Vallarsi (13 November 1702 – 14 August 1771) was an Italian priest, born in Verona.
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Donation of Constantine
The Donation of Constantine is a forged Roman imperial decree by which the 4th century emperor Constantine the Great supposedly transferred authority over Rome and the western part of the Roman Empire to the Pope.
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Droit de régale
Droit de régale is a medieval legal term and originally denoted rights that belonged exclusively to the king, either as essential to his sovereignty (jura majora, jura essentialia), such as royal authority; or accidental (jura micnora, jura accidentalia), such as the right of the chase, of fishing, mining, etc.
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Dudo of Saint-Quentin
Dudo, or Dudon, was a Norman historian, and dean of Saint-Quentin, where he was born about 965.
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Dungal of Bobbio
Dungal of Bobbio (fl. 811–828) was an Irish monk, teacher, astronomer, and poet.
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Durandus of Troarn
Durandus of Troarn (b. about 1012, at Le Neubourg near Evreux; d. 1089, at Troarn near Caen) was a French Benedictine and ecclesiastical writer.
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Early Christian lamps
In Early Christianity lamps, fire and light are conceived as symbols, if not as visible manifestations, of the divine nature and the divine presence.
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Early Irish literature
Early Irish literature is the oldest vernacular literature in Western Europe.
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Early medieval literature
See also: Ancient literature, 10th century in literature, list of years in literature.
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Ebbo
Ebbo or Ebo (– 20 March 851) was archbishop of Rheims from 816 until 835 and again from 840 to 841.
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Ebroin
Ebroin (died 680 or 681) was the Frankish mayor of the palace of Neustria on two occasions; firstly from 658 to his deposition in 673 and secondly from 675 to his death in 680 or 681.
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Ecclesiastical History of the English People
The Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum), written by the Venerable Bede in about AD 731, is a history of the Christian Churches in England, and of England generally; its main focus is on the conflict between the pre-Schism Roman Rite and Celtic Christianity.
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Eckebert
Eckebert (Ekbert, Egbert) (born in the early part of the twelfth century of a distinguished family along the Middle Rhine; died 28 March 1184) was Benedictine Abbot of the Abbey of Schönau, and a writer.
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Editio princeps
In classical scholarship, the editio princeps (plural: editiones principes) of a work is the first printed edition of the work, that previously had existed only in manuscripts, which could be circulated only after being copied by hand.
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Elisabeth of Schönau
Elisabeth of Schönau (c. 1129 – 18 June 1164) was a German Benedictine visionary.
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Elucidarium
Elucidarium (also Elucidarius, so called because it "elucidates the obscurity of various things") is an encyclopedic work or summa about medieval Christian theology and folk belief, originally written in the late 11th century by Honorius Augustodunensis, influenced by Anselm of Canterbury and John Scotus Eriugena.
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Epiphany (holiday)
Epiphany, also Theophany, Little Christmas, or Three Kings' Day, is a Christian feast day that celebrates the revelation of God incarnate as Jesus Christ.
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Epistola Adefonsi Hispaniae regis
The Epistola Adefonsi Hispaniae regis anno 906 (“letter of Alfonso, king of Spain in the year 906”) is a letter purportedly written by Alfonso III of Asturias to the clergy of the cathedral of Saint Martin's at Tours in 906.
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Ermoldus Nigellus
Ermoldus Nigellus or Niger, translated Ermold the Black, or Ermoald, (active between 824–830) was a poet who lived at the court of Pippin of Aquitaine, son of Frankish Emperor Louis I, and accompanied him on a campaign into Brittany in 824.
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Ernulf
Ernulf (1040– 15 March 1124) was a French Benedictine monk who became prior of Christ Church in Canterbury, abbot of Peterborough, and bishop of Rochester in England.
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Eucharist
The Eucharist (also called Holy Communion or the Lord's Supper, among other names) is a Christian rite that is considered a sacrament in most churches and an ordinance in others.
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Eucharistic theology
Eucharistic theology is a branch of Christian theology which treats doctrines concerning the Holy Eucharist, also commonly known as the Lord's Supper.
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Eudoxius of Antioch
Eudoxius (died 370) was the eighth bishop of Constantinople from January 27, 360 to 370, previously bishop of Germanicia and of Antioch.
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Eugenius II of Toledo
Saint Eugenius II (died 13 November 657), sometimes called Eugenius the Younger as the successor of Eugenius I, was Archbishop of Toledo from 647 until his death.
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Eutropius of Valencia
Eutropius of Valencia (d. about 610) was a Spanish bishop.
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Eutychius of Constantinople
Eutychius (512 – 5 April 582), considered a saint in the Catholic and Orthodox Christian traditions, was the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 552 to 565, and from 577 to 582.
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Facundus of Hermiane
Facundus of Hermiana was a 6th-century Christian author, and bishop of Hermiana in North Africa.
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Ferrandus
Ferrand of Carthage is a Christian theologian of the Roman province of Africa, modern day Tunisia, who died in 546 or 547.
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First Council of Constantinople
The First Council of Constantinople (Πρώτη σύνοδος της Κωνσταντινουπόλεως commonly known as Β΄ Οικουμενική, "Second Ecumenical"; Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum or Concilium Constantinopolitanum A) was a council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople in AD 381 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I. This second ecumenical council, an effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom, except for the Western Church,Richard Kieckhefer (1989).
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Flavius Lucius Dexter
Flavius Lucius Dexter was a figure of the late fourth century, reported as a historian, and a friend of St Jerome.
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Flavius Rusticus Helpidius
Flavius Rusticius Helpidius was a fifth-century poet.
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Flodoard
Flodoard (of Reims) (893/4 – 28 March 966) was a canon, chronicler, and presumed archivist of the cathedral church of Reims in the West Frankish kingdom during the decades following the dissolution of the Carolingian Empire.
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Forum of the Ox
The Forum of the Ox (Forum Bovis, ὁ Bοῦς, meaning "the Ox") was a public square (Forum) in the city of Constantinople (today's Istanbul).
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Francisco Macedo
Francisco Macedo (born at Coimbra, Portugal, 1596; died Padua, 1 May 1681), known as S. Augustino, was a Portuguese Franciscan theologian.
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Fravitta of Constantinople
Fravitta (490), Ecumenical Patriarchate also known as Fravitas, Flavitas, or Flavianus II, was the patriarch of Constantinople (489–490).
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Frobenius Forster
Frobenius Forster (30 August 1709, at Königsfeld in Upper Bavaria – 11 October 1791, at Ratisbon) was a German Benedictine, Prince-Abbot of St. Emmeram.
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Fulcher of Chartres
Fulcher of Chartres (1059 in or near Chartres - after 1128) was a priest and participated in the First Crusade.
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Fulgentius Ferrandus
Fulgentius Ferrandus was a canonist and theologian of the African Church in the first half of the 6th century.
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Gaius Marius Victorinus
Gaius Marius Victorinus (also known as Victorinus Afer; fl. 4th century) was a Roman grammarian, rhetorician and Neoplatonic philosopher.
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Gelsimus of Toul
Saint Gelsimus of Toul, also known as Saint Celsin (fl. 445), was the fourth bishop of Toul.
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Geoffrey of Clairvaux
Geoffrey of Clairvaux, or Geoffrey of Auxerre, was the secretary and biographer of Bernard of Clairvaux and later abbot of a number of monasteries in the cistercian tradition.
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Geoffrey of Vendôme
Geoffrey of Vendôme (Goffridus Abbas Vindocinensis) (c. 1065/70 of a noble family, at Angers, France – 26 March 1132 at Angers, France) was a French Benedictine monk, writer and cardinal.
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Gerard of Florennes
Gerard of Florennes (ca 975, bishop 1012 – 14 March 1051), bishop of Cambrai as Gerard I, had formerly been chaplain to Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor, and helpful to the latter in his political negotiations with Robert the Pious, King of France.
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Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum
Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum (Medieval Latin for "Deeds of the Bishops of Hamburg") is a historical treatise written between 1073 and 1076 by Adam of Bremen, who made additions (scholia) to the text until his death (possibly 1081; before 1085).
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Gesta Regum Anglorum
The Gesta Regum Anglorum (Latin for "Deeds of the Kings of the English"), originally titled ("On the Deeds of the Kings of the English") and also anglicized as or, is an early-12th-century history of the kings of England by William of Malmesbury.
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Gesta Tancredi
Gesta Tancredi in expeditione Hierosolymitana ("The Deeds of Tancred in the Crusade"), usually called simply Gesta Tancredi, is a prosimetric history written in laconic Latin prose and episodes of verse by a certain Ralph of Caen (before 1079 – after 1130).
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Gilbert Foliot
Gilbert Foliot (c. 1110 – 18 February 1187) was a medieval English monk and prelate, successively Abbot of Gloucester, Bishop of Hereford and Bishop of London.
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Gilbert of Hoyland
Gilbert of Hoyland (11??–1172?) (Gilbert of Hoyt) was a twelfth-century abbot of Swineshead Abbey, the Cistercian monastery in Lincolnshire, between about 1147 and his death in 1172.
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Gilbert, Count of Gravina
Gilbert was a Norman Count of Gravina from 1159 until 1167.
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Gildas
Gildas (Breton: Gweltaz; c. 500 – c. 570) — also known as Gildas the Wise or Gildas Sapiens — was a 6th-century British monk best known for his scathing religious polemic De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, which recounts the history of the Britons before and during the coming of the Saxons.
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Girolamo and Pietro Ballerini
Girolamo and Pietro Ballerini were Italian Catholic theologians and canonists of the 18th century, who published joint works.
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Glodesind
Glodesind (died 608) was a Frankish abbess.
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Glossa Ordinaria
The Glossa Ordinaria (plural Glossae Ordinariae), which is Latin for "ordinary gloss", was a collection of Biblical glosses, from the Church Fathers and thereafter, printed in the margins of the Vulgate; these were widely used in the education system of Christendom in Cathedral schools from the Carolingian period onward.
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Godfrey of Saint Victor
Godfrey of St.
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Good King Wenceslas
"Good King Wenceslas" is a Christmas carol that tells a story of a Bohemian king going on a journey and braving harsh winter weather to give alms to a poor peasant on the Feast of Stephen (December 26, the Second Day of Christmas).
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Goscelin
Goscelin of Saint-Bertin (or Goscelin of Canterbury) was a Benedictine hagiographical writer.
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Gottfried of Admont
Gottfried of Admont (died 1165) was the Benedictine abbot of Admont Abbey from 1137 until his death.
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Gottschalk of Orbais
Gottschalk (Godescalc, Gotteschalchus) of Orbais (808 – October 30, 867? AD) was a Saxon theologian, monk and poet who is best known for being an early advocate of the doctrine of two-fold predestination.
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Gravi de pugna
Gravi de pugna is a forged letter written in the name of Augustine of Hippo which argues that just wars are the ones you win.
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Gregory of Elvira
Gregory Bæticus (died c. 392) was bishop of Elvira, in the province of Baetica, Spain, from which he derived his surname.
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Haluza
Haluza (الخلصة) (חלוצה), also known as Halasa, Chellous (Χελλοὺς in Greek, although in the 6th-century Madaba Map the town appears as ΕΛΟΥϹΑ), Elusa, al-Khalasa and al-Khalūṣ (Arabic), is a city in the Negev, Israel, that was once part of the Nabataean Incense Route.
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Haymo of Halberstadt
Haymo (or Haimo) (died 27 March 853) was a German Benedictine monk who served as bishop of Halberstadt, and was a noted author.
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Helgaud
Helgaud or Helgaldus (d. c. 1048), French historian and biographer, was a monk of the Benedictine Abbey of Fleury.
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Henry of Lausanne
Henry of Lausanne (variously known as of Bruys, of Cluny, of Toulouse, of Le Mans and as the Deacon, sometimes referred to as Henry the Monk), French heresiarch of the first half of the 12th century.
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Henry of Marcy
Blessed Henry of Marcy (c. 1136 – 1 January 1189 was a Cistercian abbot first of Hautecombe (1160) and then of Clairvaux from 1177 until 1179. He was created Cardinal Bishop of Albano at the Third Lateran Council in 1179. Henry was an important figure in the fight against the late twelfth-century movements of Catharism and Waldensianism and took a leading part at III Lateran. He strongly supported the use of force to suppress heresy and a strong alliance between secular and ecclesiastic authority in the use of force.
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Heriger of Lobbes
Heriger of Lobbes (Herigerus) (c. 925 – 31 October 1007) was an abbot of the abbey of Lobbes between 990-1007 and is remembered for his writings as theologian and historian.
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Hilary the Deacon
Hilary the Deacon (Hilarius Diaconus; century) was a Sardinian deacon of the Roman church.
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Hildegard of Bingen
Hildegard of Bingen (Hildegard von Bingen; Hildegardis Bingensis; 1098 – 17 September 1179), also known as Saint Hildegard and Sibyl of the Rhine, was a German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, visionary, and polymath.
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Hildegard of Bingen bibliography
This is a bibliography of Hildegard of Bingen's works.
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Hilduin
Hilduin (775 – c. 855) was Bishop of Paris, chaplain to Louis I, reforming Abbot of the Abbey of St. Denis and an author.
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Hincmar
Hincmar (806 – 21 December 882), archbishop of Reims, was the friend, advisor and propagandist of Charles the Bald.
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Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum
The Historia de regibus Gothorum, Vandalorum et Suevorum ("History of the Kings of the Goths, Vandals and Suevi") is a Latin history of the Goths from 265 to 624, written by Isidore of Seville.
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History of the East–West Schism
In the History of the East–West Schism, Eastern and Western Mediterranean Christians had a history of differences and disagreements dating back to the 2nd century.
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History of the Roman Canon
*This article is mainly a transcription of the section headed "History of the canon" of the article "Canon of the Mass" by Adrian Fortescue in the 1908 Catholic Encyclopedia, now in the public domain.
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Hugh (archbishop of Edessa)
Hugh or Hugo (died 24 December 1144) was the archbishop of Edessa of the Roman rite from about 1120 until his death.
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Hugh of Champagne
Saint Hugh, Hugh of Champagne, or St Hugh of Rouen (died 730), was the grandson of Pepin of Heristal and Plectrude through their son, Drogo of Champagne, and his wife Anstrude, herself the daughter of Waratton and Ansflede.
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Hugh of Flavigny
Hugh or Hugo (born c. 1064) was a Benedictine monk and historian.
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Hugh of Fleury
Hugh of Fleury (Hugo Floriacensis, Hugo a Santa Maria) (d. not before 1118) was a French Benedictine monk and ecclesiastical writer.
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Hugh of Saint Victor
Hugh of Saint Victor, C.R.S.A. (c. 1096 – 11 February 1141), was a Saxon canon regular and a leading theologian and writer on mystical theology.
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Hugo Etherianis
Hugh Etherianus or Ugo Eteriano (Pisa, 1115–Constantinople, 1182), was an adviser on western church affairs to Byzantine emperor Manuel Comnenus.
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Humanzee
The humanzee (Homo sapiens sapiens × Pan) is a hypothetical chimpanzee/human hybrid.
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Hwair
Hwair (also) is the name of, the Gothic letter expressing the or sound (reflected in English by the inverted wh-spelling for). Hwair is also the name of the Latin ligature ƕ (capital Ƕ) used to transcribe Gothic.
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Hydatius
Hydatius, also spelled Idacius (c. 400 – c. 469), bishop of Aquae Flaviae in the Roman province of Gallaecia (almost certainly the modern Chaves, Portugal, in the modern district of Vila Real) was the author of a chronicle of his own times that provides us with our best evidence for the history of Hispania (that is, the Iberian Peninsula in Roman times) in the 5th century.
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Jacques Paul Migne
Jacques Paul Migne (25 October 1800 – 24 October 1875) was a French priest who published inexpensive and widely distributed editions of theological works, encyclopedias, and the texts of the Church Fathers, with the goal of providing a universal library for the Catholic priesthood.
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Jean Baptiste François Pitra
Cardinal Pitra in 1871. Jean-Baptiste-François Pitra (1 August 1812 – 9 February 1889) was a French Catholic cardinal, archaeologist and theologian.
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Jean Garet
Jean Garet (c. 1627 at Le Havre – 24 September 1694 at Jumièges) was a French Benedictine scholar of the Congregation of Saint-Maur.
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Jerome
Jerome (Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus; Εὐσέβιος Σωφρόνιος Ἱερώνυμος; c. 27 March 347 – 30 September 420) was a priest, confessor, theologian, and historian.
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Joannes Maxentius
Joannes Maxentius, or John Maxentius, was the Byzantine leader of the so-called Scythian monks, a christological minority.
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Job, Archbishop of Esztergom
Job (Jób; died 1 February 1204) was a Hungarian prelate at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, who served as Bishop of Vác from 1181 to 1183, and as Archbishop of Esztergom from 1185 until his death.
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Johannes Hymonides
Johannes Hymonides, known as John the Deacon of Rome (d. between 876 and 882), was a deacon of the Roman Church.
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John Moschus
John Moschus (Ιωάννης Μόσχος, c. 550 – 619; name from the son of Moschos, was a Byzantine monk and ascetical writer.
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John of Cappadocia
John II, surnamed Cappadox or the Cappadocian (? – 19 January 520) was Patriarch of Constantinople in 518–520, during the reign of Byzantine emperor Anastasius I after an enforced condemnation of the Council of Chalcedon.
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John of Cornwall (theologian)
John of Cornwall, in Latin Johannes Cornubiensis or Johannes de Sancto Germano was a Christian scholar and teacher, who was living in Paris about 1176.
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John of Fécamp
John of Fécamp, (early 11th century - 22 February 1079) was an Italian-Norman Benedictine who was the most widely read of early medieval spiritual writers before the Imitation of Christ became popular (published circa 1418-1427), during a period called the Golden Age of Monasticism and of Scholasticism, and the height of the Papacy.
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John Scholasticus
John Scholasticus (c. 503 – 31 August 577) was the 32nd patriarch of Constantinople from April 12, 565 until his death in 577.
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Jonas of Bobbio
Monk Jonas of Bobbio or Jonas Bobiensis (Sigusia, now Susa, Italy, c. 600 – after 659) was a Columbanian monk and writer of hagiography, among which his Life of Saint Columbanus is notable.
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Jordan of Laron
Jordan of Laron (or Jordain, from either the Latin form Jordanus or Jordanes) was the Bishop of Limoges from 1023 until his death in 1051.
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Joseph Anthelmi
Joseph Anthelmi (Antelmi) (25 July 1648 at Fréjus – 21 June 1697 at Frejus) was a French ecclesiastical historian.
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Joseph's Granaries
Joseph's Granaries is a designation for the Egyptian pyramids often used by early travelers to the region.
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Julian of Eclanum
Julian of Eclanum (Latin: Iulianus Aeclanensis, Giuliano di Eclano) (c. 386 – c. 455) was bishop of Eclanum, near today's Benevento (Italy).
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Juliana of Nicomedia
Saint Juliana of Nicomedia is said to have suffered Christian martyrdom during the Diocletian persecution in 304.
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Laodicea on the Lycus
Laodicea on the Lycus (Λαοδίκεια πρὸς τοῦ Λύκου; Laodicea ad Lycum, also transliterated as Laodiceia or Laodikeia) (modern Laodikeia) was an ancient city built on the river Lycus (Çürüksu).
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Lay confession
Lay confession is confession in the religious sense, made to a lay person.
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Leander of Seville
Saint Leander of Seville (San Leandro de Sevilla) (Cartagena, c. 534–Seville, 13 March 600 or 601), was the Catholic Bishop of Seville.
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Lebuinus
Lebuinus (also known as Lebuin, Lebwin or Liafwin), Apostle of the Frisians and patron of Deventer (born in England of Anglo-Saxon parents, date unknown; died at Deventer c. 775).
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Lex orandi, lex credendi
Lex orandi, lex credendi (Latin loosely translated as "the law of praying the law of believing") is a motto in Christian tradition, which means that it is prayer which leads to belief, or that it is liturgy which leads to theology.
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Liber miraculorum sancte Fidis
Liber miraculorum sancte Fidis, literally the "Book of the Miracles of Saint Faith", is an account of the miracles attributed to Saint Faith, the patron of the Abbey of Conques in the County of Rouergue in the south of France.
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Liber Scintillarum
Liber Scintillarum (literally "The Book of Sparks") is a late seventh or early eighth-century florilegium of biblical and patristic sayings in Latin.
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Ligugé Abbey
Ligugé Abbey, formally called the Abbey of St.
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List of cardinal-nephews
A cardinal-nephew is a cardinal elevated by a pope who was his uncle, or more generally, his relative.
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List of Church Fathers
The following is a list of Christian Church Fathers.
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List of gemstones in the Bible
Gemstones are referenced in multiple books of the Bible, particularly in the Old Testament.
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List of works by Bede
The following is a list of works by Bede.
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Liturgical Movement
The Liturgical Movement began as a 19th-century movement of scholarship for the reform of worship within the Roman Catholic Church.
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Livinus
Saint Livinus (c. 580 – 12 November 657), also Livinus of Ghent, was an apostle in Flanders and Brabant, venerated as a saint and martyr in Catholic tradition and more especially at the Saint Bavo Chapel, Ghent.
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Lothair II
Lothair II (835 –) was the king of Lotharingia from 855 until his death.
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Lumen Christi
Lumen Christi (Latin: Light of Christ) is a Versicle sung in Catholic, Lutheran and some Anglican churches as part of the Easter Vigil.
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Macedonius II of Constantinople
Macedonius II (died c. 517), patriarch of Constantinople (495–511).
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Manchán of Min Droichit
Manchán of Min Droichit (Manchéne, Manchianus died c. 652) was an Irish scholar and Abbot.
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Marbodius of Rennes
Marbodus, Marbod or Marbode of Rennes (1035 – 11 September 1123) was archdeacon and schoolmaster at Angers, France, then Bishop of Rennes in Brittany.
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Marius Aventicensis
Marius Aventicensis or, popularly, Marius of Avenches (532 – 31 December 596) was the Bishop of Aventicum (modern Avenches) from 574, remembered for his terse chronicle.
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Marius Mercator
Marius Mercator (born probably in Northern Africa about 390; died shortly after 451) was a Latin Christian ecclesiastical writer best known for his advocacy of Augustinian theology during the Pelagian controversy.
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Martin of Leon
Saint Martin of Leon (San Martín de León; c. 1130 – January 12, 1203) was a priest and canon regular of the Augustinian Order.
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Martyrology of Usuard
The Martyrology of Usuard is a work by Usuard, a monk of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés.
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Mass (liturgy)
Mass is a term used to describe the main eucharistic liturgical service in many forms of Western Christianity.
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Maurice de Sully
Maurice de Sully (died 11 September 1196) was Bishop of Paris from 1160 until his death.
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Maximin of Trier
Saint Maximin (born at Silly near Poitiers; — Poitiers 12 September 346) was the fifth bishop of Trier, according to the list provided by the diocese's website, taking his seat in 341/342.
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Maximus I of Constantinople
Maximus, also known as Maximus I or Maximus the Cynic, was the intrusive archbishop of Constantinople in 380, where he became a rival of Gregory Nazianzus.
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Medieval Latin
Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange, as the liturgical language of Chalcedonian Christianity and the Roman Catholic Church, and as a language of science, literature, law, and administration.
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Membra Jesu Nostri
Membra Jesu Nostri (English: The Limbs of our Jesus), BuxWV 75, is a cycle of seven cantatas composed by Dieterich Buxtehude in 1680, and dedicated to Gustaf Düben.
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Milo Crispin
Milo Crispin (d. 1149?) was cantor of the Benedictine Abbey of Bec.
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MPL
MPL may refer to.
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Nazarius and Celsus
Saints Nazarius and Celsus (San NazaroAlso Nazzaro, Nazario e San Celso) were two martyrs of whom nothing is known except the discovery of their bodies by Saint Ambrose.
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Nicholas of Clairvaux
Nicholas of Clairvaux, also Nicholas of Montiéramey (Nicolas de Clairvaux, Nicolas de Montiéramey; b and d 12th century) was a French Benedictine monk who later became a Cistercian monk.
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Nones (liturgy)
Nones, also known as None (Nona, "Ninth"), the Ninth Hour, or the Midafternoon Prayer, is a fixed time of prayer of the Divine Office of almost all the traditional Christian liturgies.
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Optatus
Saint Optatus, sometimes anglicized as St.
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Orientius
Saint Orientius was a Christian Latin poet of the fifth century.
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Osbern of Canterbury
Osbern (1050 – c. 1090) was a Benedictine monk, hagiographer and musician, precentor of Christ Church, Canterbury.
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Ostiarius
An ostiarius, a Latin word sometimes anglicized as ostiary but often literally translated as porter or doorman, originally was a servant or guard posted at the entrance of a building.
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Otloh of Sankt Emmeram
Otloh of St Emmeram (also Othlo) (c. 1010 – c. 1072) was a Benedictine monk of St Emmeram's in Regensburg, known as a scholar and educator.
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Papal diplomatics
Papal diplomatics is the scholarly and critical study (diplomatics) of the official documents of the Papacy.
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Papal profession of faith (late 7th century)
The Liber Diurnus Romanorum Pontificum includes a formula of profession of faith that a newly elected Pope sent to the representative at Ravenna of the Emperor of Constantinople soon after the Third Council of Constantinople (680-681), which is referred to in the text as held "recently".
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Paschasius Radbertus
Saint Paschasius Radbertus (785–865) was a Carolingian theologian, and the abbot of Corbie, a monastery in Picardy founded in 657 or 660 by the queen regent Bathilde with a founding community of monks from Luxeuil Abbey.
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Paterius
Paterius (died 606) was a bishop of Brescia.
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Patristics
Patristics or patrology is the study of the early Christian writers who are designated Church Fathers.
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Patrologia Graeca
The Patrologia Graeca (or Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca) is an edited collection of writings by the Christian Church Fathers and various secular writers, in the Greek language.
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Patrologia Orientalis
The Patrologia Orientalis is an attempt to create a comprehensive collection of the writings by eastern Church Fathers in Syriac, Armenian, Arabic, Coptic, Ge'ez, Georgian, and Slavonic.
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Paul the Deacon
Paul the Deacon (720s 13 April 799 AD), also known as Paulus Diaconus, Warnefridus, Barnefridus, Winfridus and sometimes suffixed Cassinensis (i.e. "of Monte Cassino"), was a Benedictine monk, scribe, and historian of the Lombards.
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Paulinus II of Aquileia
Saint Paulinus II (726 – 11 January 802 or 804 AD) was a priest, theologian, poet, and one of the most eminent scholars of the Carolingian Renaissance.
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Pax (liturgy)
In Christian liturgy, "the Pax" is an abbreviation of the Latin salutations "pax vobis" ("peace to you") or "pax vobiscum" ("peace with you"), which are used in the Catholic Mass and Lutheran Divine Service.
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Peter Cellensis
Peter Cellensis, also known as Peter of Celle, Peter of Celles, Pierre de Celle and Peter de la Celle, (b. in Troyes c. 1115; d. at Chartres, 20 February 1183) was a French Benedictine and bishop.
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Peter of Vaux-de-Cernay
Peter of Vaux de Cernay (died c.1218) was a Cistercian monk of Vaux-de-Cernay Abbey, in what is now Yvelines, northern France, and a chronicler of the Albigensian Crusade.
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Peter the Deacon
Peter the Deacon (Pierre le Diacre) was the librarian of the abbey of Montecassino and continuator of the Chronicon Monasterii Casinensis, usually called the Montecassino Chronicle in English.
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Peter the Venerable
Peter the Venerable (c. 1092 – 25 December 1156), also known as Peter of Montboissier, abbot of the Benedictine abbey of Cluny, was born to Blessed Raingarde in Auvergne, France.
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Peter Tudebode
Peter Tudebode was a Poitevin priest who was part of the First Crusade as part of the army of Raymond of Saint-Gilles.
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Petronius of Bologna
Saint Petronius (San Petronio) (died ca. 450 AD) was bishop of Bologna during the fifth century.
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Petrus Comestor
Petrus Comestor, also known as Pierre le Mangeur – both names, respectively, the Latin and French for "Peter the Devourer" (of knowledge) – was a twelfth-century French theological writer and university administrator who died around 1178.
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Philokalia
The Philokalia (φιλοκαλία "love of the beautiful, the good", from φιλία philia "love" and κάλλος kallos "beauty") is "a collection of texts written between the 4th and 15th centuries by spiritual masters" of the Eastern Orthodox Church mystical hesychast tradition.
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Philosophical anthropology
Philosophical anthropology, sometimes called anthropological philosophy, is a discipline dealing with questions of metaphysics and phenomenology of the human person, and interpersonal relationships.
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Pierre Coustant
Pierre Coustant (born at Compiègne, France, 30 April 1654; died at the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, near Paris, 18 October 1721) was a French Benedictine scholar, of the Congregation of Saint-Maur.
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PL
PL, P.L., Pl, or.pl may refer to.
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Pluto (mythology)
Pluto (Latin: Plūtō; Πλούτων) was the ruler of the underworld in classical mythology.
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Pole star
Pole star or polar star refers to a star, preferably bright, closely aligned to the axis of rotation of an astronomical object.
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Polystylus (place)
Polystylus is the name of an ancient town and bishopric in the late Roman province of Macedonia Secunda, whose metropolis was Philippi.
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Pontianus Africae
Pontianus was a sixth-century Christian bishop from an African diocese (not known), who was a figure in the Three-Chapter Controversy.
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Poor Catholics
The Poor Catholics (Pauperes Catholici) were an early Catholic mendicant order, organized in 1208 and of short duration.
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Pope Sixtus II
Pope Sixtus II (died 6 August 258) was the Pope or Bishop of Rome from 31 August 257 until his death on 6 August 258.
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Pope Sylvester II
Pope Sylvester II or Silvester II (– 12 May 1003) was Pope from 2 April 999 to his death in 1003.
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Pope Zachary
Pope Zachary (Zacharias; 679 – 15 March 752) reigned from 3 December or 5 December 741 to his death in 752.
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Premillennialism
Premillennialism, in Christian eschatology, is the belief that Jesus will physically return to the earth (the Second Coming) before the Millennium, a literal thousand-year golden age of peace.
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Prosper of Aquitaine
Saint Prosper of Aquitaine (Prosper Aquitanus; – AD), a Christian writer and disciple of Saint Augustine of Hippo, was the first continuator of Jerome's Universal Chronicle.
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Protopope
A protopope, or protopresbyter, is a priest of higher rank in the Eastern Orthodox and the Byzantine Catholic Churches, generally corresponding to Western Christianity's archpriest or the Latin Church's dean.
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Prudentius Maran
Prudentius Maran (born 14 October 1683, at Sezanne, Marne; d. 2 April 1762, at Paris) was a French Benedictine scholar of the Maurist Congregation, known as a patrologist.
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Prudentius of Troyes
Prudentius (born Aragon, Spain – died 6 April 861 at Troyes, France) was bishop of Troyes, and a celebrated opponent of Hincmar of Reims in the controversy on predestination.
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Pseudo-Augustine
Pseudo-Augustine is a collection of sermons claimed to be authored by Augustine of Hippo.
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Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals
The Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals (or False Decretals) are a set of extensive, influential medieval forgeries written by a scholar (or group of scholars) known as Pseudo-Isidore.
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Quantum praedecessores
Quantum praedecessores is a papal bull issued on December 1, 1145, by Pope Eugenius III, calling for a Second Crusade.
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Quintus Aurelius Symmachus
Quintus Aurelius Symmachus (c. 345 – 402) was a Roman statesman, orator, and man of letters.
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Rabanus Maurus
Rabanus Maurus Magnentius (780 – 4 February 856), also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk and theologian who became archbishop of Mainz in Germany.
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Ratherius
Ratherius (887-890 AD – 974 AD) or Rathier or, Rather of Verona was a teacher, writer, and bishop.
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Regino of Prüm
Regino of Prüm (Regino Prumiensis, Regino von Prüm; died 915) was a Benedictine monk, who served as abbot of Prüm (892–99) and later of Saint Martin's at Trier, and chronicler, whose Chronicon is an important source for late Carolingian history.
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Renier of St Laurent
Renier of St Laurent (died 1188) was a twelfth-century Benedictine monk of St Laurent Abbey, Liège.
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Richard of Saint Victor
Richard of Saint Victor, C.R.S.A. (died 1173) was a Medieval Scottish philosopher and theologian and one of the most influential religious thinkers of his time.
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Richard Palmer (bishop)
Richard Palmer, an Englishman, was the bishop of Syracuse from 1169 and archbishop of Messina from 1182.
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Robert Pullen
Robert Pullen (surname also rendered as Polenius, Pullan, Pullein, Pullenus, Pullus, Pully, and La Poule) (c. 1080 – c. 1146) was an English theologian and official of the Roman Catholic Church, often considered to be one of the founders of Oxford University.
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Rodulfus Tortarius
Rodulfus Tortarius (1063 in Gien – c. 1122) was a French Benedictine monk of the Abbey of Fleury-sur-Loire, and a poet writing in Latin.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Geneva
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Geneva was a Latin Catholic diocese in part of Switzerland and Savoy from 400 to 1801 when it merged with the Diocese of Chambéry.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg
The Diocese of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg (Dioecesis Lausannensis, Genevensis et Friburgensis) is a Latin Roman Catholic diocese in Switzerland, which is (as all sees in the Alpine country) exempt (i.e. immediately subject to the Holy See, not part of any ecclesiastical province).
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Orléans
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Orléans (Latin: Dioecesis Aurelianensis; French: Diocèse d'Orléans) is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in France.
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Romanus of Caesarea
Saint Romanus of Caesarea (also known as Romanus of Antioch) is venerated as a martyr.
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Roscellinus
Roscelin of Compiègne, better known by his Latinized name Roscellinus Compendiensis or Rucelinus, was a French philosopher and theologian, often regarded as the founder of nominalism.
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Rupert of Deutz
Rupert of Deutz (Rupertus Tuitiensis; c. 1075/1080 – c. 1129) was an influential Benedictine theologian, exegete and writer on liturgical and musical topics.
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Ruspe
Ruspe or Ruspae was a town in the Roman province of Byzacena.
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Sacraments of initiation
Pope Paul VI declared: "The sharing in the divine nature given to men through the grace of Christ bears a certain likeness to the origin, development, and nourishing of natural life.
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Saint Alban
Saint Alban (Albanus) is venerated as the first-recorded British Christian martyr, and he is considered to be the British protomartyr.
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Saint John I Agnus
Saint John I Agnus (French - Saint Jean l’Agneau) was the 25th bishop of Tongres.
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Salvian
Salvian (or Salvianus) was a Christian writer of the 5th century in Gaul (modern France).
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Scourge
A scourge is a whip or lash, especially a multi-thong type, used to inflict severe corporal punishment or self-mortification on the back.
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Second Crusade
The Second Crusade (1147–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe.
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Sedia gestatoria
The gestatorial chair (sedia gestatoria in Italian, lit. "chair for carrying") was a ceremonial throne on which Popes were carried on shoulders until 1978, and later replaced outdoors in part with the Popemobile.
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Sermones (Pseudo)-Bonifatii
The Sermones (Pseudo)-Bonifatii are a collection of eighth- and ninth-century sermons attributed to Saint Boniface.
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Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel
Smaragdus of Saint-Mihiel (760 – c. 840) was a Benedictine monk of Saint Mihiel Abbey, near Verdun.
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Stephen du Perche
Stephen du Perche (1137/8–1169) was the chancellor of the Kingdom of Sicily (1166–68) and Archbishop of Palermo (1167–68) during the early regency of his cousin, the queen dowager Margaret of Navarre (1166–71).
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Stephen of Autun
Stephen of Autun (b. at Baugé (hence in Anjou; d. at the abbey of Cluny in 1139 or early in 1140), surnamed Blagiacus or de Balgiaco, was a French liturgical writer and bishop of Autun.
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Stephen of Liège
Stephen of Liège (Étienne de Liège) (850 – 920) was bishop of Liège from 901 to 920.
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Stephen of Muret
Saint Stephen of Muret (Étienne de Muret) (1045 – February 8, 1124) was the founder of the Abbey of Grandmont (the mother house) and the Order of Grandmont.
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Stephen of Tournai
Stephen of Tournai, (March 18, 1128 - September 11, 1203), was a Canon regular of Sainte-Geneviève (Paris), and Roman Catholic canonist who became bishop of Tournai in 1192.
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Tertullian
Tertullian, full name Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, c. 155 – c. 240 AD, was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa.
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Thaïs (saint)
St.
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Thangmar
Thangmar (Thankmar) (b. about the middle of the tenth century; d. probably at Hildesheim after 1022) was a German chronicler.
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Themistius
Themistius (Θεμίστιος, Themistios; 317, Paphlagonia – c. 390 AD, Constantinople), named εὐφραδής (eloquent), was a statesman, rhetorician, and philosopher.
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Theological miscellany (British Library, MS Additional 43460)
British Library, Add.
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Ticonius
Ticonius, also spelled Tyconius or Tychonius (active 370–390 AD) was an African Donatist writer whose conception of the City of God influenced St.
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Timeline of Orthodoxy in Greece (717–1204)
This is a timeline of the presence of Orthodoxy in Greece.
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Tree of the knowledge of good and evil
The tree of the knowledge of good and evil is one of two specific trees in the story of the Garden of Eden in Genesis 2–3, along with the tree of life.
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Trojanus of Saintes
Trojanus of Saintes (died c.530) was a sixth-century bishop of Saintes, in France.
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Typographic ligature
In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined as a single glyph.
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Ulrich of Zell
Saint Ulrich of Zell, also known as Wulderic, sometimes of Cluny or of Regensburg (1029 – 1093), was a Cluniac reformer of Germany, abbot, founder and saint.
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Victor of Capua
Victor of Capua (Victor Capuanus) was a sixth-century bishop of Capua, in Italy.
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Victor Vitensis
Victor Vitensis (or Victor of Vita; born circa 430) was an African bishop of the Province of Byzacena (called Vitensis from his See of Vita).
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Victorinus of Pettau
Saint Victorinus of Pettau or of Poetovio (died 303 or 304) was an Early Christian ecclesiastical writer who flourished about 270, and who was martyred during the persecutions of Emperor Diocletian.
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Virgilius of Arles
Virgilius of Arles (died c. 610; Virgil, Virgile) was Archbishop of Arles in Gaul.
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Vita Germani
The Vita Germani is a hagiographic text written by Constantius of Lyon in the 5th century AD.
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Voncariana
Voncariana (in Latin: Dioecesis Voncarianensis) was an ancient Roman–Berber civitas in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis.
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Votive Mass
In the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church, a votive Mass (Latin missa votiva) is a Mass offered for a votum, a special intention.
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Walter of Châtillon
Walter of Châtillon (Latinized as Gualterus de Castellione) was a 12th-century French writer and theologian who wrote in the Latin language.
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Walter of Saint Victor
Walter of St Victor (d. c. 1180) was a mystic philosopher and theologian, and an Augustinian canon of Paris.
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Walter the Chancellor
Walter the Chancellor (also known as Galterius cancellarius, the Latinized form of his French name, Gautier) was a French or Norman crusader and author of the twelfth century.
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Wenrich of Trier
Wenrich of Trier was a German ecclesiastico-political writer of the eleventh century.
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Wibald
Wibald (Wibaldus abbas Stabulensis et Corbeiensis) (early 1098 – 19 July 1158) was a 12th-century Abbot of Stavelot (Stablo) and Malmedy, both in present-day Belgium, and of Corvey in Germany.
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William I of Sicily
William I (1120 or 1121 – May 7, 1166), called the Bad or the Wicked (Gugghiermu lu Malu, was the second King of Sicily, ruling from his father's death in 1154 to his own in 1166. He was the fourth son of Roger II and Elvira of Castile. William's title "the Bad" seems little merited and expresses the bias of the historian Hugo Falcandus and the baronial class against the king and the official class by whom he was guided.
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William of Conches
William of Conches (c. 1090 – after 1154) was a French scholastic philosopher who sought to expand the bounds of Christian humanism by studying secular works of the classics and fostering empirical science.
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William of Hirsau
William of Hirsau (or Wilhelm von Hirschau) (1030 – 5 July 1091) was a Benedictine abbot and monastic reformer.
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William of Malmesbury
William of Malmesbury (Willelmus Malmesbiriensis) was the foremost English historian of the 12th century.
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William of Poitiers
William of Poitiers (1020 1090) was a Frankish priest of Norman origin and chaplain of Duke William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) (Guillaume le Conquerant), for whom he chronicled the Norman Conquest of England in his Gesta VVillelmi ducis Normannorum et regis Anglorum ("The Deeds of William, Duke of Normandy and King of England") or Gesta Guillelmi II ducis Normannorum.
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William of St-Thierry
William of Saint-Thierry (French: Guillaume de Saint-Thierry; Latin: Guillelmo S. Theodorici; 1075/80/85–1148) was a twelfth-century French Benedictine abbot of Saint-Thierry, theologian and mystic who became a Cistercian monk and writer.
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William of Tyre
William of Tyre (Willelmus Tyrensis; 1130 – 29 September 1186) was a medieval prelate and chronicler.
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William the Walloon
William the Walloon (date of birth unknown; d. (probably) 22 December 1089) was a Benedictine abbot.
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Witch-hunt
A witch-hunt or witch purge is a search for people labelled "witches" or evidence of witchcraft, often involving moral panic or mass hysteria.
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Wolfhelm of Brauweiler
Wolfhelm of Brauweiler (died 1091) was the Benedictine abbot of Brauweiler Abbey, near Cologne, Germany.
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Women and trousers
Trousers (British English) or pants (American English) first appear in recorded history among nomadic steppe-people in Western Europe.
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Zacharias Chrysopolitanus
Zacharias Chrysopolitanus (d. c. 1155), also known as Zachary of Besançon, was a biblical scholar of the Premonstratensian Order from Besançon (Chrysopolis).
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1844 in literature
This article presents lists of the literary events and publications in 1844.
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Redirects here:
Latin Patrology, Patrologia latina, Patrologiae Latinae.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrologia_Latina
