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Ptolemy II Philadelphus

Index Ptolemy II Philadelphus

Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλάδελφος, Ptolemaîos Philádelphos "Ptolemy Beloved of his Sibling"; 308/9–246 BCE) was the king of Ptolemaic Egypt from 283 to 246 BCE. [1]

345 relations: Aëtus son of Aëtus, Abusir (Lake Mariout), Achaean League, Aeantides, Agathoclea, Agathocles (grandson of Agathocles of Syracuse), Agathocles of Egypt, Alexander Aetolus, Alexander II of Epirus, Alexander of Corinth, Alexander the Great, Alexandria, Alexandrian Pleiad, Alexandrian school, Amentes, Amman, Ancestry of Chandragupta Maurya, Ancient Corinth, Ancient Egyptian literature, Ancient Egyptian trade, Ancient Greek technology, Ancient history of Cyprus, Antigone of Epirus, Antigonus II Gonatas, Antiochus I Soter, Antiochus II Theos, Apollonius (dioiketes), Arakamani, Aratus of Sicyon, Archagathus of Libya, Archelaus Chersonesita, Argonautica, Argos, Ariobarzanes of Pontus, Aristobulus of Alexandria, Arsinoe (Cilicia), Arsinoe (Crete), Arsinoe (Eritrea), Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez), Arsinoe (Northwest Cyprus), Arsinoe I, Arsinoe II, Arsinoe III of Egypt, Arsinoitheriidae, Ashoka, Attic Greek, Úgaine Mór, Bactria, Balkh Province, Battle of Cos, ..., Battle of Heraclea, Berenice (Seleucid queen), Berenice I of Egypt, Berenice Troglodytica, Bible translations, Biblical literalist chronology, Bilistiche, Bindusara, Blond, Bo (parsha), Bodbchad, Book of Job in Byzantine illuminated manuscripts, Book of Sothis, Buddhism and the Roman world, Bust of Amenemhat V, Callimachus, Callixenus of Rhodes, Canal of the Pharaohs, Canon of Kings, Celts, Chremonidean War, Chremonides, Chrysippus, Ciane, Classical Anatolia, Cleopatra, Cleopatra II of Egypt, Cobthach Cóel Breg, Colotes, Cratinus Junior, Culture of Egypt, Cup of the Ptolemies, Cyrenaics, Death of Alexander the Great, Death of Cleopatra, Decree of Canopus, Demetrius of Phalerum, Demetrius the Fair, Diodotus I, Dionysius (ambassador), Djedkare Isesi, Early life of Cleopatra, Edicts of Ashoka, Eduard Lübbert, Egyptology, El Salamuni, Eleazar (High Priest), Elephant, Empire and Communications, Epigonos of Telmessos, Ergamenes, Etazeta of Bithynia, Eumenes I, Eurydice of Egypt, Faiyum, Faiyum Oasis, Famagusta, For the taking: Vol. I from CHALDEA, Galley, Gauls, Gaza City, Generations of Noah, Gonzaga Cameo, Great Mendes Stela, Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, Greco-Buddhism, Greece–India relations, Greeks in Egypt, Greeks in Sudan, Hawara, Hedylus, Hegesias of Cyrene, Heliopolis (ancient Egypt), Hellenistic Greece, Hellenistic influence on Indian art, Hellenistic period, Hellenistic religion, Hellenistic-era warships, Heptastadion, Hermetica, Heroopolite Gulf, Hieronymus of Rhodes, Historical names of Nubia, History of Alexandria, History of Amman, History of Buddhism, History of Buddhism in India, History of Cyprus, History of Eastern Orthodox theology, History of Greece, History of libraries, History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom), History of Pakistan, History of science in classical antiquity, History of the Eastern Orthodox Church, History of wrestling, Homerus of Byzantium, Imperial cult of ancient Rome, Inbreeding, Index of ancient Egypt-related articles, Index of Egypt-related articles, Indo-Greek Kingdom, Ios, Isis, Jacques-Marie Le Père, Janua linguarum reserata, Jehovah, Jerash, Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period, Jukka M. Heikkilä, Karanis, Khirbet Kerak, Konope, Korach (parsha), Laodice I, Lóegaire Lorc, League of the Islanders, Letter of Aristeas, Lex Hieronica, Library, Library of Alexandria, Lighthouse of Alexandria, List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities, List of ancient Egyptians, List of ancient Greeks, List of ancient Macedonians, List of battles before 301, List of Egyptians, List of Greek and Roman architectural records, List of Greek inventions and discoveries, List of naval battles, List of people who have had a parent die from suicide, List of pharaohs, List of places named after people, List of queens regnant, List of Seleucid rulers, List of slave owners, List of state leaders in the 3rd century BC, Louis Cappel, Lycophron, Lysimachus (son of Lysimachus), Lysimachus of Egypt, Lysimachus of Telmessos, Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Machimoi, Magas of Cyrene, Magas of Egypt, Manetho, Maurya Empire, Melampus, Memphis, Egypt, Menkauhor Kaiu, Miletus, Mishpatim, Mount Timosthenes, Musaeum, Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon, Neferefre, Neferirkare Kakai, Nicomedes I of Bithynia, Nile, Nyuserre Ini, Oenanthe of Egypt, Ogulnia (gens), Olbia (Egypt), Old Testament, Olympia, Greece, On Weights and Measures, Onocentaur, Paerisades II, Palaeography, Pandyan dynasty, Papyrus Revenue Laws, Pataliputra capital, Patara, Lycia, Patroclus (admiral), Patroclus (disambiguation), Pessimism, Petrarch's library, Philadelphia University (Jordan), Philadelphus, Philadelphus (disambiguation), Philae, Philemon (poet), Philip (son of Lysimachus), Philiscus of Corcyra, Philitas of Cos, Philochorus, Philotera, Philoteris, Polis, Cyprus, Posidippus, Ptolemaic Baris, Ptolemaic coinage, Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great, Ptolemaic dynasty, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Ptolemais Theron, Ptolemy (name), Ptolemy Epigonos, Ptolemy I Soter, Ptolemy III Euergetes, Ptolemy IV Philopator, Ptolemy Keraunos, Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra), Ptolemy VI Philometor, Ptolemy VIII Physcon, Pyrrhic War, Pyrrhus of Epirus, Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese, Qift, Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges (consul 292 BC), Qus, Reign of Cleopatra, Richard L. Hunter, Roman Cyprus, Roman war elephants, Rosetta Stone, Royal intermarriage, Safaga, Samothrace temple complex, Seleucid Empire, Seleucus I Nicator, Septuagint, Shepseskare, Sheshi, Sobek, Sosibius of Tarentum, Sotades, Spartocid dynasty, Strategos, Strato of Lampsacus, Stratonice of Libya, Suez Canal, Syrian Wars, Tamraparni, Taposiris Magna, Temple of Montu (Medamud), Ten Lost Tribes, Tenth of Tevet, Terenuthis, Tessarakonteres, Tevet, Theocritus, Theoxena of Egypt, Theoxena of Syracuse, Timarchus of Miletus, Timeline of historic inventions, Timon of Phlius, Timosthenes, Tocra, Tomb of Alexander the Great, Trade route, Transportation of animals, Triakontaschoinos, Unas, Userkare, Vaychi, Vitruvius, War elephant, Wars of the Diadochi, Winged Victory of Samothrace, Women in ancient Egypt, Yehud coinage, Yona, Zeno of Kaunos, Zoilus, 240s BC, 246 BC, 250 BC, 251 BC, 253 BC, 255 BC, 258 BC, 259 BC, 261 BC, 267 BC, 268 BC, 270 BC, 272 BC, 273 BC, 274 BC, 275 BC, 276 BC, 279 BC, 280 BC, 281 BC, 282 BC, 283 BC, 284 BC, 285 BC, 309 BC, 316 BC, 3rd century BC, 70 (number). Expand index (295 more) »

Aëtus son of Aëtus

Aëtus son of Aëtus (in Greek Ἀετὸς τοῦ Ἀετοῦ, in ancient Egyptian (transliterated from demotic) Ꜣyꜣtws (sꜣ) Ꜣyꜣtws) was a priest in the Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great under the reign of Ptolemy V. According to the inscription on the Rosetta Stone Aëtus in 196 BC held the annual priesthood "of Alexander and the Saviour Gods and the Sibling Gods and the Beneficent Gods and the Sibling-loving Gods and the Father-loving God", that is, of Alexander the Great, Ptolemy I Soter and his wife Berenice I Soter, Ptolemy II and his wife and sister Arsinoe II, Ptolemy III Euergetes and his wife Berenice II Euergetis, Ptolemy IV Philadelphus and his wife and sister Arsinoe III Philadelphia, and finally of the young king Ptolemy V Philopator who was still on the throne.

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Abusir (Lake Mariout)

Abusir (also spelled Abousir and Abu Seer, known in ancient times as Taposiris Magna) is a seaside town on the shore of Lake Mariout on the western extremity of Egypt's Nile delta.

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Achaean League

The Achaean League (Greek: Κοινὸν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν, Koinon ton Akhaion - "League of Achaeans") was a Hellenistic-era confederation of Greek city states on the northern and central Peloponnese.

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Aeantides

Aeantides (Αἰαντίδης) is the name of several people in Classical antiquity.

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Agathoclea

Agathoclea (Ἀγαθόκλεια; c. 247 BC/mid-230s BC – 203/202) was the favourite mistress of the Egyptian Greek Pharaoh Ptolemy IV Philopator who reigned 221–205; sister of Ptolemy IV’s minister Agathocles and through her father was a distant relation of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

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Agathocles (grandson of Agathocles of Syracuse)

Agathocles (Ἀγαθοκλῆς; fl. 3rd century BC) was an Egyptian Greek nobleman related to the Ptolemaic dynasty on his mother's side.

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Agathocles of Egypt

Agathocles (Ἀγαθοκλῆς, flourished 3rd century BC, died 203/202 BC) was a Ptolemaic minister and together with his sister Agathoclea were very close to Egyptian Greek King Ptolemy IV Philopator who reigned 221 BC–205 BC.

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Alexander Aetolus

Alexander Aetolus (Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Αἰτωλός, Ἀléxandros ὁ Aἰtōlós) was a Greek poet and grammarian, the only known representative of Aetolian poetry.

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Alexander II of Epirus

Alexander II was a king of Epirus, and the son of Pyrrhus and Lanassa, the daughter of the Sicilian tyrant Agathocles.

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Alexander of Corinth

Alexander (died 247 BC) was a Macedonian governor and tyrant of Corinth.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.

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Alexandrian Pleiad

The Alexandrian Pleiad is the name given to a group of seven Alexandrian poets and tragedians in the 3rd century BC (Alexandria was at that time the literary center of the Mediterranean) working in the court of Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

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Alexandrian school

The Alexandrian school is a collective designation for certain tendencies in literature, philosophy, medicine, and the sciences that developed in the Hellenistic cultural center of Alexandria, Egypt during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.

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Amentes

Amentes (Ἀμήντης) was an ancient Greek surgeon, mentioned by Galen as the inventor of some ingenious bandages.

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Amman

Amman (عمّان) is the capital and most populous city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political and cultural centre.

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Ancestry of Chandragupta Maurya

Chandragupta Maurya was the founder of the Maurya Empire in India.

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Ancient Corinth

Corinth (Κόρινθος Kórinthos) was a city-state (polis) on the Isthmus of Corinth, the narrow stretch of land that joins the Peloponnese to the mainland of Greece, roughly halfway between Athens and Sparta.

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Ancient Egyptian literature

Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination.

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Ancient Egyptian trade

Ancient Egyptian trade consisted of the gradual creation of land and sea trade routes connecting the Ancient Egyptian civilization with the Fertile Crescent, Arabia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and India.

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Ancient Greek technology

Ancient Greek technology developed during the 5th century BC, continuing up to and including the Roman period, and beyond.

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Ancient history of Cyprus

The ancient history of Cyprus shows a precocious sophistication in the neolithlic era visible in settlements such as at Choirokoitia dating from the 9th millennium BC, and at Kavalassos from about 7500 BC.

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Antigone of Epirus

Antigone (Ἀντιγόνη, born before 317 BC-295 BC) was a Greek Macedonian noblewoman.

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Antigonus II Gonatas

Antigonus II Gonatas (Ἀντίγονος B΄ Γονατᾶς) (c. 319–239 BC) was a powerful ruler who solidified the position of the Antigonid dynasty in Macedon after a long period defined by anarchy and chaos and acquired fame for his victory over the Gauls who had invaded the Balkans.

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Antiochus I Soter

Antiochus I Soter (Ἀντίοχος Α΄ ὁ Σωτήρ; epithet means "the Saviour"; c. 324/3261 BC), was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire.

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Antiochus II Theos

Antiochus II Theos (Greek: Ἀντίοχος Β΄ ὁ Θεός; 286–246 BC) was a Greek king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire who reigned from 261 to 246 BC.

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Apollonius (dioiketes)

Apollonius (or Apollonios, Ἀπολλώνιος; 3rd century BC) was the dioiketes or chief finance minister of Egypt during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (r. 283–246 B.C.). Little is known about his personal life; in ancient documents, he is called simply "Apollonius the dioiketes" without recording his home city or his father's name.

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Arakamani

Arakamani (also Arkamaniqo, Arkakamani or Ergamenes I) was a Nubian king of Meroë who ruled in the early third century BCE.

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Aratus of Sicyon

Aratus (Ἄρατος; 271–213 BC) was a statesman of the ancient Greek city-state of Sicyon and a leader of the Achaean League.

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Archagathus of Libya

Archagathus (Ἀρχάγαθος) was a Syracusan Greek prince and Ptolemaic official who lived around the late second half of the 4th century BC and first half of the 3rd century BC.

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Archelaus Chersonesita

Archelaus (Ἀρχέλαος), a poet of ancient Greece, is called in ancient sources an Egyptian, and is believed to have been a native of a town in Egypt called Chersonesus, as he is also called "Chersonesita".

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Argonautica

The Argonautica (translit) is a Greek epic poem written by Apollonius Rhodius in the 3rd century BC.

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Argos

Argos (Modern Greek: Άργος; Ancient Greek: Ἄργος) is a city in Argolis, the Peloponnese, Greece and is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.

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Ariobarzanes of Pontus

Ariobarzanes (in Greek Ἀριoβαρζάνης; reigned 266 BC – c. 250 BC) was the second king of Pontus, succeeding his father Mithridates I Ctistes in 266 BC and died in an uncertain date between 258 and 240.

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Aristobulus of Alexandria

Aristobulus of Alexandria (Ἀριστόβουλος) also called Aristobulus the Peripatetic (fl. 181–124 B.C.E.) and once believed to be Aristobulus of Paneas, was a Hellenistic Jewish philosopher of the Peripatetic school, though he also used Platonic and Pythagorean concepts.

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Arsinoe (Cilicia)

Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη) was an ancient city on the coast of Cilicia between Anemurium and Kelenderis; the site is near the modern city of Bozyazı, Mersin Province, Turkey.

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Arsinoe (Crete)

Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη) was an ancient city of Crete controlled by Lyctus according to the Stephanus of Byzantium.

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Arsinoe (Eritrea)

Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη), sometimes called Arsinoe Epidires, was an ancient city of the Avalitæ, at Dire promontory in Eritrea, north of Berenice Epideires, and near the entrance of the Red Sea (Bab-el-Mandeb).

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Arsinoe (Gulf of Suez)

Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη) or Arsinoites or Cleopatris or Cleopatra, was an ancient city at the northern extremity of the Heroopolite Gulf (Gulf of Suez), in the Red Sea.

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Arsinoe (Northwest Cyprus)

Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη) was an ancient city in northwestern Cyprus built on top of the older city, Marion (Greek: Μάριον); some ancient writers conflate the two cities.

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Arsinoe I

Arsinoe I (Αρσινόη Α’., 305 BC – after c. 248 BC, Footnote 10) was Queen of Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

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Arsinoe II

Arsinoë II (Ἀρσινόη, 316 BC – unknown date between July 270 and 260 BC) was a Ptolemaic Queen and co-regent of Ancient Egypt.

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Arsinoe III of Egypt

Arsinoe III Philopator (Ἀρσινόη ἡ Φιλοπάτωρ, which means "Arsinoe the father-loving", 246 or 245 BC – 204 BC) was Queen of Egypt in 220 – 204 BC.

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Arsinoitheriidae

Arsinoitheriidae is a family of extinct hoofed mammals belonging to the extinct order Embrithopoda.

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Ashoka

Ashoka (died 232 BCE), or Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from to 232 BCE.

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Attic Greek

Attic Greek is the Greek dialect of ancient Attica, including the city of Athens.

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Úgaine Mór

Úgaine Mór, son of Eochu Buadach, son of Dui Ladrach, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, the 66th High King of Ireland.

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Bactria

Bactria or Bactriana was the name of a historical region in Central Asia.

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Balkh Province

Balkh (Pashto and بلخ, Balx) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the north of the country.

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Battle of Cos

The Battle of Cos was fought in ca.

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Battle of Heraclea

The Battle of Heraclea took place in 280 BC between the Romans under the command of consul Publius Valerius Laevinus, and the combined forces of Greeks from Epirus, Tarentum, Thurii, Metapontum, and Heraclea under the command of Pyrrhus king of Epirus.

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Berenice (Seleucid queen)

Berenice (Ancient Greek: Βερενίκη, Berenikē) (275 BC–246 BC), also called Berenice Phernophorus ("Dowry Bearer") or Berenice Syra, was the daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphus of his first wife Arsinoe I of Egypt.

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Berenice I of Egypt

Berenice I (Βερενίκη; c. 340 BC – between 279 and 268 BC) was Queen of Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy I Soter.

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Berenice Troglodytica

Berenice (Berenike) or Berenice Troglodytica (Greek: Βερενίκη), also known as Baranis, is an ancient seaport of Egypt on the west coast of the Red Sea.

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Bible translations

The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek.

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Biblical literalist chronology

Biblical literalist chronology is the attempt to correlate the theological dates used in the Bible with the real chronology of actual events.

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Bilistiche

Bilistiche (Greek: Βιλιστίχη) or Belistiche was a Hellenistic courtesan of uncertain origin.

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Bindusara

Bindusara was the second Mauryan emperor of India.

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Blond

Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.

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Bo (parsha)

Bo (— in Hebrew, the command form of "go," or "come," and the first significant word in the parashah, in) is the fifteenth weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Exodus.

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Bodbchad

Badbchaid, son of Eochu Buadach, son of Dui Ladrach, was, according to late sources, briefly a High King of Ireland.

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Book of Job in Byzantine illuminated manuscripts

There are fourteen known Byzantine manuscripts of the Book of Job dating from the 9th to 14th centuries, as well as a post-Byzantine codex illuminated with cycle of miniatures.

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Book of Sothis

The Book of Sothis is a document known mainly by transmission by George Syncellus (died after AD 810), purporting to have been written by the historian Manethon (who lived during the early 3rd century BCE).

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Buddhism and the Roman world

Several instances of interaction between Buddhism and the Roman world are documented by Classical and early Christian writers.

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Bust of Amenemhat V

The Bust of Amenemhat V is a sculpture showing the head of the Ancient Egyptian king Amenemhat V, who ruled at the beginning of the Thirteenth Dynasty.

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Callimachus

Callimachus (Καλλίμαχος, Kallimakhos; 310/305–240 BC) was a native of the Greek colony of Cyrene, Libya.

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Callixenus of Rhodes

Callixenus of Rhodes was a Hellenistic author from Rhodes.

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Canal of the Pharaohs

The Canal of the Pharaohs, also called the Ancient Suez Canal or Necho's Canal, is the forerunner of the Suez Canal, constructed in ancient times.

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Canon of Kings

The Canon of Kings was a dated list of kings used by ancient astronomers as a convenient means to date astronomical phenomena, such as eclipses.

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Celts

The Celts (see pronunciation of ''Celt'' for different usages) were an Indo-European people in Iron Age and Medieval Europe who spoke Celtic languages and had cultural similarities, although the relationship between ethnic, linguistic and cultural factors in the Celtic world remains uncertain and controversial.

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Chremonidean War

The Chremonidean War (267–261 BC) was fought by a coalition of Greek city-states against Antigonid Macedonian domination.

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Chremonides

Chremonides (Χρεμωνίδης), son of Eteokles of Aithalidai, was an Athenian 3rd century BC statesman and general.

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Chrysippus

Chrysippus of Soli (Χρύσιππος ὁ Σολεύς, Chrysippos ho Soleus) was a Greek Stoic philosopher.

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Ciane

The Ciane (Sicilian: Ciani) is a short river in southern Sicily, Italy.

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Classical Anatolia

Anatolia, also known by the Latin name of Asia Minor, is considered to be the westernmost extent of Asia.

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Cleopatra

Cleopatra VII Philopator (Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ Cleopatra Philopator; 69 – August 10 or 12, 30 BC)Theodore Cressy Skeat, in, uses historical data to calculate the death of Cleopatra as having occurred on 12 August 30 BC.

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Cleopatra II of Egypt

Cleopatra II (Greek: Κλεοπάτρα; c. 185 BC – 116/115 BC) was a queen of Ptolemaic Egypt who ruled from 175 to 116 BC with two successive brother-husbands and her daughter—often in rivalry with her brother Ptolemy VIII.

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Cobthach Cóel Breg

Cobthach Cóel Breg, son of Úgaine Mor, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland.

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Colotes

Colotes of Lampsacus (Κολώτης Λαμψακηνός, Kolōtēs Lampsakēnos; c. 320 – after 268 BC) was a pupil of Epicurus, and one of the most famous of his disciples.

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Cratinus Junior

Cratinus the Younger (4th century BC) was a comic poet of the Middle Comedy, and was a contemporary of Plato and of Corydus.

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Culture of Egypt

The culture of Egypt has thousands of years of recorded history.

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Cup of the Ptolemies

The Cup of the Ptolemies (French: Coupe des Ptolémées) is an onyx cameo two-handled cup, or kantharos.

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Cyrenaics

The Cyrenaics or Kyrenaics (Κυρηναϊκοί; Kyrēnaïkoí) were a sensual hedonist Greek school of philosophy founded in the 4th century BCE, supposedly by Aristippus of Cyrene, although many of the principles of the school are believed to have been formalized by his grandson of the same name, Aristippus the Younger.

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Death of Alexander the Great

The death of Alexander the Great and subsequent related events have been the subjects of debates.

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Death of Cleopatra

The death of Cleopatra VII, the last reigning ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt, occurred on either 10 or 12 August 30 BC in Alexandria, when she was 39 years old.

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Decree of Canopus

The Decree of Canopus is a trilingual inscription in three scripts, which dates from the Ptolemaic period of Ancient Egypt.

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Demetrius of Phalerum

Demetrius of Phalerum (also Demetrius of Phaleron or Demetrius Phalereus; Δημήτριος ὁ Φαληρεύς; c. 350 – c. 280 BC) was an Athenian orator originally from Phalerum, a student of Theophrastus, and perhaps of Aristotle, himself, and one of the first Peripatetics.

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Demetrius the Fair

Demetrius the Fair or surnamed The Handsome (Greek: Δημήτριος ὁ Καλός, around 285 BC–249 or 250 BC), also known in modern ancient historical sources as Demetrius of Cyrene, was a Hellenistic king of Cyrene.

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Diodotus I

Diodotus I Soter (Greek: Διόδοτος Α' ὁ Σωτήρ; epithet means "the Saviour"; c. 285 BC – c. 239 BC) was Seleucid satrap of Bactria, rebelled against Seleucid rule soon after the death of Antiochus II in c. 255 or 246 BC, and wrested independence for his territory, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom.

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Dionysius (ambassador)

Dionysius (Διονύσιος) was a Greek of the 3rd century BCE, who was sent as ambassador to the court of the Indian emperor Ashoka, by Ptolemy Philadelphus.

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Djedkare Isesi

Djedkare Isesi (known in Greek as Tancheres) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the eighth and penultimate ruler of the Fifth Dynasty in the late 25th century to mid-24th century BC, during the Old Kingdom period.

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Early life of Cleopatra

The early life of Cleopatra VII (r. 51 – 10 or 12 August 30 BC)Theodore Cressy Skeat, in, uses historical data to calculate the death of Cleopatra as having occurred on 12 August 30 BC.

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Edicts of Ashoka

The Edicts of Ashoka are a collection of 33 inscriptions on the Pillars of Ashoka as well as boulders and cave walls made by the Emperor Ashoka of the Mauryan Empire during his reign from 269 BCE to 232 BCE.

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Eduard Lübbert

Friedrich Wilhelm Eduard Lübbert (10 June 1830, Zweybrodt near Breslau – 31 July 1889, Bonn) was a German classical philologist known for his studies of Latin grammar and syntax as well as for his numerous published works involving the Greek lyric poet Pindar.

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Egyptology

Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia. علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.

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El Salamuni

El Salamuni is a village in the Upper Egyptian Sohag Governorate.

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Eleazar (High Priest)

Eleazar was a Jewish High Priest (c. 260–245 BC) during the time of the Second Temple.

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Elephant

Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea.

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Empire and Communications

Empire and Communications is a book published in 1950 by University of Toronto professor Harold Innis.

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Epigonos of Telmessos

Epigonos of Telmessos (Επίγονου του Τελμησσόυ., flourished 3rd century BC), also known as Epigonos was a Greek Prince from Asia Minor.

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Ergamenes

Ergamenes is the hellenized name of a Nubian king of Meroë reported by Agatharchides in Diodorus Siculus (3.2.6, FHN II No. 142).

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Etazeta of Bithynia

Etazeta (fl. 255 BC – 254 BC) was the second wife of Nicomedes I, king of Bithynia and a ruler of Bithynia.

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Eumenes I

Eumenes I (Εὐμένης Αʹ) was dynast (ruler) of the city of Pergamon in Asia Minor from 263 BC until his death in 241 BC.

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Eurydice of Egypt

Eurydice (Greek Εὐρυδίκη) was a Queen of Egypt by marriage to Ptolemy I Soter.

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Faiyum

Faiyum (الفيوم; ̀Ⲫⲓⲟⲙ or Ⲫⲓⲱⲙ) is a city in Middle Egypt.

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Faiyum Oasis

The Faiyum Oasis (واحة الفيوم Waḥet El Fayyum) is a depression or basin in the desert immediately to the west of the Nile south of Cairo.

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Famagusta

Famagusta (Αμμόχωστος; Mağusa, or Gazimağusa) is a city on the east coast of Cyprus.

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For the taking: Vol. I from CHALDEA

For the Taking: Volume I - From CHALDEA is an album by Nick Tosches and Rick Whitehurst.

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Galley

A galley is a type of ship that is propelled mainly by rowing.

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Gauls

The Gauls were Celtic people inhabiting Gaul in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly from the 5th century BC to the 5th century AD).

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Gaza City

Gaza (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998),, p. 761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory in Palestine, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". غزة,; Ancient Ġāzā), also referred to as Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip, with a population of 515,556, making it the largest city in the State of Palestine.

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Generations of Noah

The Generations of Noah or Table of Nations (of the Hebrew Bible) is a genealogy of the sons of Noah and their dispersion into many lands after the Flood, focusing on the major known societies.

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Gonzaga Cameo

The Gonzaga Cameo is a Hellenistic engraved gem; a cameo of the capita jugata variety cut out from the three layers of an Indian sardonyx, dating from perhaps the 3rd century BC.

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Great Mendes Stela

The Great Mendes Stela is a commemorative stele erected during the Ptolemaic dynasty by Ptolemy II Philadelphus for Mendes, Lower Egypt.

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Greco-Bactrian Kingdom

The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was – along with the Indo-Greek Kingdom – the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world, covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 to 125 BC.

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Greco-Buddhism

Greco-Buddhism, or Graeco-Buddhism, is the cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism, which developed between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD in Bactria and the Indian subcontinent, corresponding to the territories of modern-day Afghanistan, Tajikistan, India, and Pakistan.

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Greece–India relations

Greece-Indian relations are the relations between Greece and India.

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Greeks in Egypt

There has been a large community of Greeks in Egypt, also known as Egyptiotes (Αιγυπτιώτες), from the Hellenistic period until the aftermath of the Egyptian revolution of 1952, when most were forced to leave.

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Greeks in Sudan

The Greek diaspora in Sudan is small in the number of its members (estimated at around 150 in 2015), but still a very prominent community in the country.

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Hawara

Hawara is an archaeological site of Ancient Egypt, south of the site of Crocodilopolis ('Arsinoe', also known as 'Medinet al-Faiyum') at the entrance to the depression of the Fayyum oasis.

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Hedylus

Hedylus (Ἥδυλος, Hḗdylos), son of Melicertus and Hedyle, a native of Samos or Athens, was an epigrammatic poet.

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Hegesias of Cyrene

Hegesias (Ἡγησίας; fl. 290 BC) of Cyrene was a Cyrenaic philosopher, the Cyrenaics forming one of the earliest Socratic schools of philosophy.

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Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)

Heliopolis was a major city of ancient Egypt.

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Hellenistic Greece

In the context of ancient Greek art, architecture, and culture, Hellenistic Greece corresponds to the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the annexation of the classical Greek heartlands by the Roman Republic.

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Hellenistic influence on Indian art

Hellenistic influence on Indian art reflects the artistic influence of the Greeks on Indian art following the conquests of Alexander the Great, from the end of the 4th century BCE to the first centuries of our era.

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Hellenistic period

The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.

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Hellenistic religion

Hellenistic religion is any of the various systems of beliefs and practices of the people who lived under the influence of ancient Greek culture during the Hellenistic period and the Roman Empire (c. 300 BCE to 300 CE).

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Hellenistic-era warships

From the 4th century BC on, new types of oared warships appeared in the Mediterranean Sea, superseding the trireme and transforming naval warfare.

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Heptastadion

The Heptastadion (Greek: Ὲπταστάδιον) was a giant causeway, often referred to as a mole or a dyke built by the people of Alexandria, Egypt in the 3rd century BC during the Ptolemaic period.

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Hermetica

The Hermetica are Egyptian-Greek wisdom texts from the 2nd century AD and later, which are mostly presented as dialogues in which a teacher, generally identified as Hermes Trismegistus ("thrice-greatest Hermes"), enlightens a disciple.

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Heroopolite Gulf

In ancient times, the Heroopolite Gulf was the Gulf of Suez in the vicinity of Heroopolis; there is evidence indicating that the Red Sea and its Gulf of Suez extended as far northward as the Bitter Lakes of Egypt.

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Hieronymus of Rhodes

Hieronymus of Rhodes (Ἱερώνυμος ὁ Ῥόδιος; c. 290 – c. 230 BC) was a Peripatetic philosopher, and an opponent of Arcesilaus and Lyco of Troas.

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Historical names of Nubia

Nubia is the term commonly used by scholars to refer to the land located south of Ancient Egypt, from the city of Elephantine down to modern-day Khartoum.

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History of Alexandria

The history of Alexandria dates back to the city's founding, by Alexander the Great, in 331 BC.

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History of Amman

Amman (عمّان) is the capital and most populous city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political and cultural centre.

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History of Buddhism

The history of Buddhism spans from the 5th century BCE to the present.

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History of Buddhism in India

Buddhism is a world religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama who was deemed a "Buddha" ("Awakened One").

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History of Cyprus

Human habitation of Cyprus dates back to the Paleolithic era.

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History of Eastern Orthodox theology

The history of Eastern '''Orthodox Christian''' theology begins with the life of Jesus and the forming of the Christian Church.

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History of Greece

The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation state of Greece as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically.

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History of libraries

The history of libraries began with the first efforts to organize collections of documents.

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History of Macedonia (ancient kingdom)

The kingdom of Macedonia was an ancient state in what is now the Macedonian region of northern Greece, founded in the mid-7th century BC during the period of Archaic Greece and lasting until the mid-2nd century BC.

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History of Pakistan

The history of Pakistan encompasses the history of the region constituting modern-day Pakistan.

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History of science in classical antiquity

The history of science in classical antiquity encompasses both those inquiries into the workings of the universe aimed at such practical goals as establishing a reliable calendar or determining how to cure a variety of illnesses and those abstract investigations known as natural philosophy.

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History of the Eastern Orthodox Church

The history of the Eastern Orthodox Church is traced back to Jesus Christ and the Apostles.

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History of wrestling

Wrestling and grappling sports have a long and complicated history, stretching into prehistoric times.

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Homerus of Byzantium

Homerus of Byzantium (Greek: Ὅμηρος ὁ Βυζάντιος) was an ancient Greek grammarian and tragic poet.

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Imperial cult of ancient Rome

The Imperial cult of ancient Rome identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority (auctoritas) of the Roman State.

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Inbreeding

Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.

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Index of ancient Egypt-related articles

Articles related to ancient Egypt include.

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Index of Egypt-related articles

Articles related to Egypt include.

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Indo-Greek Kingdom

The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom was an Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of Afghanistan and the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent (parts of modern Pakistan and northwestern India), during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings, often conflicting with one another.

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Ios

Ios (Ίος,, locally Nios Νιός) is a Greek island in the Cyclades group in the Aegean Sea.

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Isis

Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world.

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Jacques-Marie Le Père

Jacques-Marie Le Père (Paris, 25 April 1763 – Granville, 15 June 1841) was a French civil engineer.

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Janua linguarum reserata

Janua linguarum reserata (English: The Door of Languages Unlocked, often mistranslatedJan Kumpera: Jan Amos Komenský, poutník na rozhraní věků, Prague 1992,, pp. 247–8, 296–8, 309 as The Gate of Languages and the like) is a textbook written by John Amos Comenius in 1629.

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Jehovah

Jehovah is a Latinization of the Hebrew, one vocalization of the Tetragrammaton (YHWH), the proper name of the God of Israel in the Hebrew Bible and one of the seven names of God in Judaism.

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Jerash

Jerash (Arabic: جرش, Ancient Greek: Γέρασα) is the capital and the largest city of Jerash Governorate, Jordan, with a population of 50,745 as of 2015.

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Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period

Jerusalem during the Second Temple period describes the history of the city from the return to Zion under Cyrus the Great to the 70 CE siege of Jerusalem by Titus during the First Jewish–Roman War, which saw both region and city change hands several times.

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Jukka M. Heikkilä

Jukka M. Heikkilä (born 1966) is a Finnish author.

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Karanis

Karanis (Καρανίς), located in modern Kom Aushim, was an agricultural town in Graeco-Roman Egypt, located in the northeast corner of the Fayum.

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Khirbet Kerak

Khirbet Kerak (خربة الكرك, "the ruin of the fortress") or Beth Yerah (בית ירח, "House of the Moon (god)") is a tell (archaeological mound) located on the southern shore of the Sea of Galilee in modern-day Israel.

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Konope

Konope or Conope (Greek: Κωνώπη) and later, Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη) or Arsinoia (Greek: Ἀρσινοί̈α), was an ancient city of Aetolia, near the eastern bank of the Achelous River, and 20 stadia from the ford of this river; near the modern village of Angelokastro (Angelókastro, Anghelokastro) in Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece.

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Korach (parsha)

Korach or Korah (— Hebrew for the name "Korah," which in turn means "baldness, ice, hail, or frost," the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 38th weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fifth in the Book of Numbers.

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Laodice I

Laodice I (Λαοδίκη; flourished 3rd century BC, died before 236 BC) was a Greek nobleman of Anatolia who was a close relative of the early Seleucid dynasty and was the first wife of the Seleucid Greek King Antiochus II Theos.

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Lóegaire Lorc

Lóegaire Lorc, son of Úgaine Mor, was, according to medieval Irish legend and historical tradition, a High King of Ireland.

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League of the Islanders

The League of the Islanders (to koinon tōn nēsiōtōn) or Nesiotic League was a federal league (koinon) of ancient Greek city-states encompassing the Cyclades islands in the Aegean Sea.

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Letter of Aristeas

The Letter of Aristeas or Letter to Philocrates is a Hellenistic work of the 2nd century BCE, assigned by Biblical scholars to the Pseudepigrapha.

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Lex Hieronica

The Lex Hieronica was a unique system of regulations concerning the agricultural taxation of Sicily by the Roman Republic.

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Library

A library is a collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing.

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Library of Alexandria

The Royal Library of Alexandria or Ancient Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world.

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Lighthouse of Alexandria

The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria (Ancient Greek: ὁ Φάρος τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας, contemporary Koine), was a lighthouse built by the Ptolemaic Kingdom, during the reign Ptolemy II Philadelphus (280–247 BC) which has been estimated to be in overall height.

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List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities

This is a list of known ancient Egyptian towns and cities.

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List of ancient Egyptians

This is a list of ancient Egyptian people who have articles on Wikipedia.

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List of ancient Greeks

This an alphabetical list of ancient Greeks.

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List of ancient Macedonians

This is a list of the Ancient Macedonians.

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List of battles before 301

No description.

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List of Egyptians

The following is a list of notable Egyptians.

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List of Greek and Roman architectural records

The list of ancient architectural records consists of record-making architectural achievements of the Greco-Roman world from c. 800 BC to 600 AD.

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List of Greek inventions and discoveries

This article is a list of major inventions and scientific and mathematical discoveries by Greek people from antiquity through the present day.

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List of naval battles

This list of naval battles is a chronological list delineating important naval fleet battles.

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List of people who have had a parent die from suicide

The following is a list of people whose parent committed suicide.

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List of pharaohs

This article contains a list of the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt, from the Early Dynastic Period before 3100 BC through to the end of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, when Egypt became a province of Rome under Augustus Caesar in 30 BC.

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List of places named after people

There are a number of places named after famous people.

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List of queens regnant

This is a list of Queens who have ruled as Queen in many countries (Separate queens for separate countries).

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List of Seleucid rulers

The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae (from Σελευκίδαι, Seleukídai) was a Greek Macedonian royal family, founded by Seleucus I Nicator ("the Victor"), which ruled the Seleucid Empire centered in the Near East and regions of the Asian part of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire during the Hellenistic period.

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List of slave owners

This list includes notable individuals for which there is a consensus of evidence of slave ownership.

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List of state leaders in the 3rd century BC

;State leaders in the 4th century BC – State leaders in the 2nd century BC – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 3rd century BC (300–201 BC).

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Louis Cappel

Louis Cappel (15 October 1585 – 18 June 1658) was a French Protestant churchman and scholar.

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Lycophron

Lycophron (Λυκόφρων ὁ Χαλκιδεύς) was a Hellenistic Greek tragic poet, grammarian, and commentator on comedy, to whom the poem Alexandra is attributed (perhaps falsely).

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Lysimachus (son of Lysimachus)

Lysimachus also known as Lysimachus Junior (Λυσίμαχος., 297/296 BC-279 BC) was a Greek Prince from Asia Minor who was of Macedonian and Thessalian descent.

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Lysimachus of Egypt

Lysimachus (Greek: Λυσίμαχoς; fl. 3rd century BC) was a son of king Ptolemy Philadelphus (283–246 BC) by Arsinoe, the daughter of Lysimachus, king of Thrace.

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Lysimachus of Telmessos

Lysimachus of Telmessos (Λυσίμαχου του Τελμησσόυ., flourished 3rd century BC), also known as Lysimachus II was a Greek Prince from Asia Minor who served as a Ptolemaic Client King under the Ptolemaic dynasty of Ancient Egypt.

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Macedonia (ancient kingdom)

Macedonia or Macedon (Μακεδονία, Makedonía) was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.

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Machimoi

The term Máchimoi (μάχιμοι, plural; μάχιμος, máchimos, singular) commonly refers to a broad category of ancient Egyptian low-ranked soldiers which rose during the Late Period of Egypt (664–332 BCE) and, more prominently, during the Ptolemaic dynasty (323–30 BCE).

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Magas of Cyrene

Magas of Cyrene (Μάγας ὁ Κυρηναῖος; born before 317 BC – 250 BC, ruled 276 BC – 250 BC) was a Greek Macedonian nobleman and King of Cyrenaica.

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Magas of Egypt

Magas (in Greek Mαγας; 241 BC - 221 BC) was a grandson of Magas of Cyrene, being a son of Ptolemy Euergetes (246–221 BC) and Berenice.

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Manetho

Manetho (Μανέθων Manethōn, gen.: Μανέθωνος) is believed to have been an Egyptian priest from Sebennytus (ancient Egyptian: Tjebnutjer) who lived during the Ptolemaic era in the early 3rd century BC.

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Maurya Empire

The Maurya Empire was a geographically-extensive Iron Age historical power founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated ancient India between 322 BCE and 180 BCE.

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Melampus

In Greek mythology, Melampus (Μελάμπους, Melampous), was a legendary soothsayer and healer, originally of Pylos, who ruled at Argos.

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Memphis, Egypt

Memphis (مَنْف; ⲙⲉⲙϥⲓ; Μέμφις) was the ancient capital of Aneb-Hetch, the first nome of Lower Egypt.

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Menkauhor Kaiu

Menkauhor Kaiu (also known as Ikauhor and in Greek as Mencherês, Μεγχερῆς) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh of the Old Kingdom period.

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Miletus

Miletus (Milētos; Hittite transcription Millawanda or Milawata (exonyms); Miletus; Milet) was an ancient Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia, near the mouth of the Maeander River in ancient Caria.

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Mishpatim

Mishpatim (— Hebrew for "laws," the second word of the parashah) is the eighteenth weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the sixth in the Book of Exodus.

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Mount Timosthenes

Mount Timosthenes is a prominent peak between the head of Hariot Glacier and the north side of Airy Glacier, 3 nautical miles (6 km) northwest of Peregrinus Peak, in central Antarctic Peninsula.

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Musaeum

The Musaeum or Mouseion at Alexandria (Μουσεῖον τῆς Ἀλεξανδρείας), which included the famous Library of Alexandria, was an institution founded by Ptolemy I Soter or, perhaps more likely, by his son Ptolemy II Philadelphus.

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Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon

The Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon (Musée des beaux-arts de Lyon) is a municipal museum of fine arts in the French city of Lyon.

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Neferefre

Neferefre Isi (also known as Raneferef, Ranefer and in Greek as Cherês, Χέρης) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, likely the fourth but also possibly the fifth ruler of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period.

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Neferirkare Kakai

Neferirkare Kakai (known in Greek as Nefercherês, Νεφερχέρης) was an ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the third king of the Fifth Dynasty.

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Nicomedes I of Bithynia

Nicomedes I (Nικoμήδης; lived c. 300 BC – c. 255 BC, ruled 278 BC – c. 255 BC), second king of Bithynia, was the eldest son of Zipoetes I, whom he succeeded on the throne in 278 BC.

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Nile

The Nile River (النيل, Egyptian Arabic en-Nīl, Standard Arabic an-Nīl; ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro; Ancient Egyptian: Ḥ'pī and Jtrw; Biblical Hebrew:, Ha-Ye'or or, Ha-Shiḥor) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.

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Nyuserre Ini

Nyuserre Ini (also Niuserre Ini or Neuserre Ini; in Greek known as Rathurês, ´Ραθούρης) was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the sixth ruler of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period.

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Oenanthe of Egypt

Oenanthe (Οἰνἀνθη., her name means wineflower - from οἶνος wine and ἄνθος flower - flourished 3rd century BC, died 203 BC) was an Egyptian Greek noblewoman and through marriage was a relation of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

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Ogulnia (gens)

The gens Ogulnia was an ancient plebeian family at Rome.

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Olbia (Egypt)

Olbia or Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη) was an ancient city in the Regio Troglodytica upon the western coast of the Red Sea between Philoteras (Quseir or Kosseir) and Myos Hormos.

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Old Testament

The Old Testament (abbreviated OT) is the first part of Christian Bibles, based primarily upon the Hebrew Bible (or Tanakh), a collection of ancient religious writings by the Israelites believed by most Christians and religious Jews to be the sacred Word of God.

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Olympia, Greece

Olympia (Greek: Ὀλυμπία;; Olymbía), a sanctuary of ancient Greece in Elis on the Peloponnese peninsula, is known for having been the site of the Olympic Games in classical times.

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On Weights and Measures

On Weights and Measures is a historical, lexical, metrological, and geographical treatise compiled in 392 CE in Constantia by Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 315–403).

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Onocentaur

The Onocentaur (onocentaurus, from donkey centaur) is an animal from Medieval bestiaries.

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Paerisades II

Paerisades II (Παιρισάδης) or Parysades was king of the Bosporan Kingdom from 284 to 245 BC.

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Palaeography

Palaeography (UK) or paleography (US; ultimately from παλαιός, palaiós, "old", and γράφειν, graphein, "to write") is the study of ancient and historical handwriting (that is to say, of the forms and processes of writing, not the textual content of documents).

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Pandyan dynasty

The Pandyan dynasty was an ancient Tamil dynasty, one of the three Tamil dynasties, the other two being the Chola and the Chera.

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Papyrus Revenue Laws

A famous papyrus published at the end of the 19th-century by Bernard Pyne Grenfell, the papyrus Revenue Laws is a comprehensive set of regulations on farm taxes in the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (283–246), more precisely for the year –259/–258.

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Pataliputra capital

The Pataliputra capital is a monumental rectangular capital with volutes and Classical Greek designs, that was discovered in the palace ruins of the ancient Mauryan Empire capital city of Pataliputra (modern Patna, northeastern India).

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Patara, Lycia

Patara (Lycian: 𐊓𐊗𐊗𐊀𐊕𐊀 Pttara, Πάταρα), later renamed Arsinoe (Greek: Ἀρσινόη), was a flourishing maritime and commercial city on the south-west coast of Lycia on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey near the modern small town of Gelemiş, in Antalya Province.

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Patroclus (admiral)

Patroclus was a leading official and admiral under Ptolemy II, best known for his activity during the Chremonidean War (267–261 BC).

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Patroclus (disambiguation)

In Greek mythology, Patroclus was Achilles’ best friend and, according to some, his lover.

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Pessimism

Pessimism is a mental attitude.

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Petrarch's library

The poet Petrarch arranged to leave his personal library to the city of Venice, but it never arrived.

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Philadelphia University (Jordan)

Philadelphia University is a university in Amman, Jordan.

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Philadelphus

Philadelphus (mock-orange) is a genus of about 60 species of shrubs from 3–20 ft (1–6 m) tall, native to North America, Central America, Asia and (locally) in southeast Europe.

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Philadelphus (disambiguation)

Philadelphus is the scientific name of mock-oranges, a genus of shrubs.

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Philae

Philae (Φιλαί, فيله, Egyptian: p3-jw-rķ' or 'pA-jw-rq; Coptic) is currently an island in the reservoir of the Aswan Low Dam, downstream of the Aswan Dam and Lake Nasser, Egypt.

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Philemon (poet)

Philemon (Φιλήμων; c. 362 BC – c. 262 BC) was an Athenian poet and playwright of the New Comedy.

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Philip (son of Lysimachus)

Philip (Φίλιππος., 294 BC – 279 BC) was a Greek prince from Asia Minor who was of Macedonian and Thessalian descent.

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Philiscus of Corcyra

Philiscus of Corcyra (Φιλίσκος ὁ Κερκυραῖος), or Philicus, was a distinguished tragic poet, and one of the seven who formed the Tragic Pleiad, was also a priest of Demeter, and in that character he was present at the coronation procession of Ptolemy II Philadelphus in 284 BC.

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Philitas of Cos

Philitas of Cos (Φιλίτας ὁ Κῷος, Philītas ho Kōos; –), sometimes spelled Philetas (Φιλήτας, Philētas; see Bibliography below), was a scholar and poet during the early Hellenistic period of ancient Greece.

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Philochorus

Philochorus of Athens (Φιλόχορος ὁ Ἀθηναῖος; c. 340 BC – c. 261 BC), was a Greek historian and Atthidographer of the 3rd century BC, and a member of a priestly family.

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Philotera

Philotera (Φιλωτέρα., born 315/309 BC-probably after 282 BC and before 268 BC) was a Greek Macedonian noblewoman and a Greek Egyptian princess of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

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Philoteris

Philoteris (Φιλωτερίς) is the ruin of an ancient village in Egypt.

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Polis, Cyprus

Polis (or Polis Chrysochous; Πόλη Χρυσοχούς or Πόλις Χρυσοχούς; Poli) is a small town at the north-west end of the island of Cyprus, at the centre of Chrysochous Bay, and on the edge of the Akamas peninsula nature reserve.

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Posidippus

Posidippus of Pella (Ποσείδιππος Poseidippos; c. 310 – c. 240 BC) was an Ancient Greek epigrammatic poet.

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Ptolemaic Baris

The Ptolemaic Baris (also Ptolemaic Acra) was a citadel maintained by Ptolemaic Egypt during its rule of Jerusalem in the 3rd century BC.

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Ptolemaic coinage

Coinage of the Ptolemaic Kingdom was in use during the last dynasty of Egypt and, briefly, during Roman rule of Egypt.

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Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great

The Ptolemaic cult of Alexander the Great was an imperial cult in Hellenistic Egypt in the 3rd–1st centuries BC, promoted by the Ptolemaic dynasty.

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Ptolemaic dynasty

The Ptolemaic dynasty (Πτολεμαῖοι, Ptolemaioi), sometimes also known as the Lagids or Lagidae (Λαγίδαι, Lagidai, after Lagus, Ptolemy I's father), was a Macedonian Greek royal family, which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.

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Ptolemaic Kingdom

The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Πτολεμαϊκὴ βασιλεία, Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) was a Hellenistic kingdom based in Egypt.

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Ptolemais Theron

Ptolemais Theron (translated, "Ptolemais of the Hunts") was a marketplace on the African side of the Red Sea,Raoul McLaughlin, The Roman Empire and the Indian Ocean, p. 114, Barnsley, Pen & Sword Military, 2012,.

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Ptolemy (name)

The name Ptolemy or Ptolemaeus may refer to.

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Ptolemy Epigonos

Ptolemy Epigonos (Πτολεμαίος Α' ο Επίγονος. Ptolemaios I Epigonos, Epigonos i.e. the heir, 299/298 BC–February 240 BC) was a Greek Prince from Asia Minor who was of Macedonian and Thessalian descent.

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Ptolemy I Soter

Ptolemy I Soter (Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ, Ptolemaĩos Sōtḗr "Ptolemy the Savior"; c. 367 BC – 283/2 BC), also known as Ptolemy of Lagus (Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Λάγου/Λαγίδης), was a Macedonian Greek general under Alexander the Great, one of the three Diadochi who succeeded to his empire.

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Ptolemy III Euergetes

Ptolemy III Euergetes (Πτολεμαῖος Εὐεργέτης, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs "Ptolemy the Benefactor"; 284–222 BC) was the third king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt from 246 to 222 BCE.

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Ptolemy IV Philopator

Ptolemy IV Philopator (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλοπάτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Philopátōr "Ptolemy Beloved of his Father"; 245/4–204 BC), son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II, was the fourth Pharaoh of Ptolemaic Egypt from 221 to 204 BC.

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Ptolemy Keraunos

Ptolemy Keraunos (Πτολεμαῖος Κεραυνός, after 321 BC – 279 BC) was the King of Macedon from 281 BC to 279 BC.

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Ptolemy Philadelphus (son of Cleopatra)

Ptolemy Philadelphus (Πτολεμαῖος ὁ Φιλάδελφος, "Ptolemy the brother-loving", August/September 36 BC – 29 BC) was a Ptolemaic prince and was the youngest and fourth child of Greek Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt, and her third with Roman Triumvir Mark Antony.

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Ptolemy VI Philometor

Ptolemy VI Philometor (Πτολεμαῖος Φιλομήτωρ, Ptolemaĩos Philomḗtōr "Ptolemy Beloved of his Mother"); c. 186–145 BC) was a king of Egypt from the Ptolemaic period. He reigned from 180 to 164 BC and from 163 to 145 BC.

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Ptolemy VIII Physcon

Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Πτολεμαῖος Εὐεργέτης, Ptolemaĩos Euergétēs "Ptolemy the Benefactor"; c. 182 BC – June 26, 116 BC), nicknamed Physcon (Φύσκων "the Fat"), was a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt.

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Pyrrhic War

The Pyrrhic War (280–275 BC) was a war fought by Pyrrhus, the king of Epirus.

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Pyrrhus of Epirus

Pyrrhus (Πύρρος, Pyrrhos; 319/318–272 BC) was a Greek general and statesman of the Hellenistic period.

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Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese

Pyrrhus' invasion of the Peloponnese in 272 BC was an invasion of south Greece by Pyrrhus, King of Epirus.

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Qift

Qift (قفط; Ⲕⲉϥⲧ Keft or Kebto; Egyptian Gebtu; Κόπτος Coptos or Koptos; Roman Justinianopolis) is a small town in the Qena Governorate of Egypt about 43 km north of Luxor, on the east bank of the Nile.

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Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges (consul 292 BC)

Quintus Fabius Q. f. M. n. Maximus Gurges, the son of Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus, was consul in 292, 276, and 265 BC.

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Qus

Qus (قوص; ⲕⲱⲥ or ⲕⲟⲥ) is a city in the modern Qena Governorate, Egypt, located on the east bank of the Nile.

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Reign of Cleopatra

The reign of Cleopatra VII of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt began with the death of her father, the ruling pharaoh Ptolemy XII Auletes, by March 51 BC.

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Richard L. Hunter

Richard Lawrence Hunter, FBA (born 1953) is a classical scholar.

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Roman Cyprus

Roman Cyprus was a minor senatorial province within the Roman Empire.

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Roman war elephants

Due to the Roman focus on infantry and its discipline, war elephants were rarely used.

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Rosetta Stone

The Rosetta Stone is a granodiorite stele, found in 1799, inscribed with three versions of a decree issued at Memphis, Egypt in 196 BC during the Ptolemaic dynasty on behalf of King Ptolemy V.

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Royal intermarriage

Royal intermarriage is the practice of members of ruling dynasties marrying into other reigning families.

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Safaga

Port Safaga, also known as Safaga (سفاجا), is a town in Egypt, on the coast of the Red Sea, located south of Hurghada.

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Samothrace temple complex

The Samothrace Temple Complex, known as the Sanctuary of the Great Gods (Modern Greek: Ιερό των Μεγάλων Θεών Ieró ton Megalón Theón), is one of the principal Pan-Hellenic religious sanctuaries, located on the island of Samothrace within the larger Thrace.

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Seleucid Empire

The Seleucid Empire (Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν, Basileía tōn Seleukidōn) was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty, which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC; Seleucus I Nicator founded it following the division of the Macedonian empire vastly expanded by Alexander the Great.

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Seleucus I Nicator

Seleucus I Nicator (Σέλευκος Α΄ Νικάτωρ Séleukos Α΄ Nikátōr; "Seleucus the Victor") was one of the Diadochi.

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Septuagint

The Septuagint or LXX (from the septuāgintā literally "seventy"; sometimes called the Greek Old Testament) is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament from the original Hebrew.

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Shepseskare

Shepseskare or Shepseskara (Egyptian for "Noble is the Soul of Ra") was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the fourth or fifth ruler of the Fifth Dynasty (2494–2345 BC) during the Old Kingdom period.

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Sheshi

Maaibre Sheshi (also Sheshy) was a ruler of areas of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.

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Sobek

Sobek (also called Sebek, Sochet, Sobk, and Sobki), in Greek, Suchos (Σοῦχος) and from Latin Suchus, was an ancient Egyptian deity with a complex and fluid nature.

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Sosibius of Tarentum

Sosibius (Σωσίβιoς; lived 3rd century BC) was a Tarentine, one of the captains of the body-guards of Ptolemy Philadelphus (283–246 BC), king of Egypt.

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Sotades

Sotades (Σωτάδης; 3rd century BC) was an Ancient Greek poet.

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Spartocid dynasty

The Spartocids or Spartocidae was the name of a Hellenized Thracian dynasty that ruled the Hellenistic Kingdom of Bosporus between the years 438–108 BC.

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Strategos

Strategos or Strategus, plural strategoi, (στρατηγός, pl.; Doric Greek: στραταγός, stratagos; meaning "army leader") is used in Greek to mean military general.

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Strato of Lampsacus

Strato of Lampsacus (Στράτων ὁ Λαμψακηνός, Straton ho Lampsakenos, c. 335 – c. 269 BC) was a Peripatetic philosopher, and the third director (scholarch) of the Lyceum after the death of Theophrastus.

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Stratonice of Libya

Stratonice (Στρατονίκη; fl. possibly late second half of 4th century BC and first half of 3rd century BC) was a Greek noblewoman of very high status and was the wife of the Ptolemaic official Archagathus of Libya.

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Suez Canal

thumb The Suez Canal (قناة السويس) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

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Syrian Wars

The Syrian Wars were a series of six wars between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, successor states to Alexander the Great's empire, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC over the region then called Coele-Syria, one of the few avenues into Egypt.

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Tamraparni

Tamraparni (Tamil/Sanskrit) is an ancient name of a river proximal to Tirunelveli of South India and Puttalam of Western Sri Lanka.

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Taposiris Magna

The name Taposiris Magna denotes the name of a city as well as an Egyptian temple of the same name at the same location established by Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus between 280 and 270 BCE.

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Temple of Montu (Medamud)

The Temple of Montu (also Temple of Monthu, Montju, or Menthu) is an Egyptian temple dedicated to the worship of Monthu.

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Ten Lost Tribes

The ten lost tribes were the ten of the twelve tribes of ancient Israel that were said to have been deported from the Kingdom of Israel after its conquest by the Neo-Assyrian Empire circa 722 BCE.

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Tenth of Tevet

Tenth of Tevet (עשרה בטבת, Asarah BeTevet), the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tevet, is a fast day in Judaism.

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Terenuthis

Terenuthis was a town in Ancient Egypt.

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Tessarakonteres

The Tessarakonteres (τεσσαρακοντήρης, "forty-rowed"), or simply "forty" was a very large catamaran galley reportedly built in the Hellenistic period by Ptolemy IV Philopator of Egypt.

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Tevet

Tevet (Hebrew: טֵבֵת, Standard Tevet; Sephardim/Yemenite/Mizrachim "Tebeth"; Ashkenazi Teves; Tiberian Ṭēḇēṯ; from Akkadian ṭebētu) is the fourth month of the civil year and the tenth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar.

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Theocritus

Theocritus (Θεόκριτος, Theokritos; fl. c. 270 BC), the creator of ancient Greek bucolic poetry, flourished in the 3rd century BC.

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Theoxena of Egypt

Theoxena, also known as Theoxena the Younger to distinguish her from her mother (Θεόξενα., flourished possibly late second half of 4th century BC and first half of 3rd century BC), was a Syracusan Greek Princess and was a noblewoman of high status.

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Theoxena of Syracuse

Theoxena (Θεόξενα; born before 317 BC; died after 289 BC) was a Greek Macedonian noblewoman.

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Timarchus of Miletus

Timarchus or Timarch (Τίμαρχος) was a tyrant of the ancient Greek city of Miletus in the 3rd century BC.

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Timeline of historic inventions

The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions and the people who created the inventions.

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Timon of Phlius

Timon of Phlius (Τίμων ὁ Φλιάσιος, gen.: Τίμωνος; c. 320 BC – c. 235 BC) was a Greek Pyrrhonist philosopher, a pupil of Pyrrho, and a celebrated writer of satirical poems called Silloi (Σίλλοι).

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Timosthenes

Timosthenes of Rhodes (Greek: Τιμοσθένης) (fl. 270 BCE) was a Greek navigator and geographer.

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Tocra

Tocra, Taucheira, Tukrah or El Agouriya, is a town on the coast of the Marj District in the Cyrenaica region of northeastern Libya, founded by Cyrene.

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Tomb of Alexander the Great

The location of Alexander the Great's tomb is an enduring mystery.

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Trade route

A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo.

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Transportation of animals

The transportation of animals is the intentional movement of animals by transport.

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Triakontaschoinos

The Triakontaschoinos (Τριακοντάσχοινος, "Land of the Thirty "Schoinoi"), Latinized as Triacontaschoenus, was a term used in the Greco-Roman world for the part of Lower Nubia between the First and Second Cataracts of the Nile.

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Unas

Unas or Wenis, also spelled Unis (hellenized form Oenas or Onnos), was an Ancient Egyptian pharaoh, the ninth and last ruler of the Fifth Dynasty during the Old Kingdom period.

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Userkare

Userkare (also Woserkare, meaning "Powerful is the soul of Ra") was the second pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty, reigning briefly, 1 to 5 years, in the late 24th to early 23rd century BC.

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Vaychi

Vaychi, Vayechi or Vayhi (— Hebrew for "and he lived," the first word of the parashah) is the twelfth weekly Torah portion (parashah) in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the last in the Book of Genesis.

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Vitruvius

Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (c. 80–70 BC – after c. 15 BC), commonly known as Vitruvius, was a Roman author, architect, civil engineer and military engineer during the 1st century BC, known for his multi-volume work entitled De architectura.

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War elephant

A war elephant is an elephant that is trained and guided by humans for combat.

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Wars of the Diadochi

The Wars of the Diadochi (Πόλεμοι των Διαδόχων), or Wars of Alexander's Successors, were a series of conflicts fought between Alexander the Great's generals over the rule of his vast empire after his death.

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Winged Victory of Samothrace

The Winged Victory of Samothrace, also called the Nike of Samothrace, is a marble Hellenistic sculpture of Nike (the Greek goddess of victory), that was created about the 2nd century BC.

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Women in ancient Egypt

Women in ancient Egypt had some special rights other women did not have in other comparable societies.

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Yehud coinage

The Yehud coinage is a series of small silver coins bearing the Aramaic inscription Yehud.

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Yona

The word Yona in Pali and the Prakrits, and the analogue "Yavana" in Sanskrit, are words used in Ancient India to designate Greek speakers.

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Zeno of Kaunos

Zeno (or Zenon, Ζήνων; 3rd century BC), son of Agreophon, was a native of the Greek town of Kaunos in lower Asia Minor.

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Zoilus

Zoilus (Ζωΐλος Zoilos; c. 400320 BC) was a Greek grammarian, Cynic philosopher, and literary critic from Amphipolis in East Macedonia, then known as Thrace.

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240s BC

This article concerns the period 249 BC – 240 BC.

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246 BC

Year 246 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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250 BC

Year 250 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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251 BC

Year 251 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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253 BC

Year 253 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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255 BC

Year 255 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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258 BC

Year 258 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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259 BC

Year 259 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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261 BC

Year 261 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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267 BC

Year 267 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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268 BC

Year 268 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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270 BC

Year 270 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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272 BC

Year 272 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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273 BC

Year 273 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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274 BC

Year 274 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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275 BC

Year 275 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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276 BC

Year 276 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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279 BC

Year 279 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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280 BC

Year 280 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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281 BC

Year 281 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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282 BC

Year 282 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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283 BC

Year 283 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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284 BC

Year 284 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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285 BC

Year 285 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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309 BC

Year 309 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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316 BC

Year 316 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar.

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3rd century BC

The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC.

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70 (number)

70 (seventy) is the natural number following 69 and preceding 71.

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Redirects here:

King Ptolemy II, Ptolemaeus Philadelphus, Ptolemaeus Secundus, Ptolemaîos Philádelphos, Ptolemy II, Ptolemy II Philadelphos, Ptolemy II of Egypt, Ptolemy Philadelphia, Ptolemy Philadelphos, Ptolemy Philadelphus.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus

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