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91 relations: Aide-de-camp, Alec Douglas-Home, American Revolutionary War, Anthony Eden, Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Kloster Kampen, Battle of Monmouth, Battle of Paoli, Baylor Massacre, Bayonet, British Army during the Napoleonic Wars, Brittany, Capture of Belle Île, Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough, Colonel, Diana, Princess of Wales, Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Earl Grey, Earl Grey tea, Edward Grey (bishop), Eliza Courtney, Fallodon, Flint, Fort Desaix, Fort Saint Louis (Martinique), Fort-de-France, Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook, French Revolutionary Wars, George Edmund Byron Bettesworth, George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke, George III of the United Kingdom, George Sandford, Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire, Gibraltar, Great Britain, Grey's raid, Henry George Grey, HMNB Portsmouth, Howick Hall, Howick, Northumberland, Invasion of Guadeloupe (1794), Jacobite rising of 1745, James Wolfe, Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, John Severne, Lancashire Fusiliers, Lieutenant general, ..., List of Governors of Guernsey, Martha's Vineyard, Martinique, Mary Grey, Countess Grey, Minden, Musket, New Bedford, Massachusetts, New York (state), Newcastle upon Tyne, Nieuwpoort, Belgium, North Sea, Northumberland, Order of the Bath, Ostend, Philadelphia campaign, Prime minister, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Privy council, Raid on Rochefort, Ralph Abercromby, Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, Royal Warwickshire Regiment, Samuel Whitbread (1720–1796), Samuel Whitbread (1764–1815), Seven Years' War, Sheerness Dockyard, Siege of Havana, Sir George Grey, 1st Baronet, Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet, Sir Henry Thompson, 3rd Baronet, Sir Robert Laurie, 5th Baronet, Southwick, Sunderland, Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762), Studholme Hodgson, Thomas Erle, Treaty of Amiens, William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe, 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot, 3rd The King's Own Hussars, 7th Dragoon Guards, 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars. Expand index (41 more) »
Aide-de-camp
An aide-de-camp (French expression meaning literally helper in the military camp) is a personal assistant or secretary to a person of high rank, usually a senior military, police or government officer, a member of a royal family, or a head of state.
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Alec Douglas-Home
Alexander Frederick Douglas-Home, Baron Home of the Hirsel, (2 July 1903 – 9 October 1995) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from October 1963 to October 1964.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Anthony Eden
Robert Anthony Eden, 1st Earl of Avon, (12 June 1897 – 14 January 1977) was a British Conservative politician who served three periods as Foreign Secretary and then a relatively brief term as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1955 to 1957.
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Battle of Brandywine
The Battle of Brandywine, also known as the Battle of Brandywine Creek, was fought between the American army of General George Washington and the British army of General Sir William Howe on September 11, 1777.
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Battle of Germantown
The Battle of Germantown was a major engagement in the Philadelphia campaign of the American Revolutionary War.
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Battle of Kloster Kampen
The Battle of Kloster Kampen (or Kloster Kamp, or Campen) was a tactical French victory over a British and allied army in the Seven Years' War.
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Battle of Monmouth
The Battle of Monmouth was an American Revolutionary War battle fought on June 28, 1778, in Monmouth County, New Jersey.
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Battle of Paoli
The Battle of Paoli (also known as the Battle of Paoli Tavern or the Paoli Massacre) was a battle in the Philadelphia campaign of the American Revolutionary War fought on September 20, 1777, in the area surrounding present-day Malvern, Pennsylvania.
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Baylor Massacre
A raid, widely known as the "Baylor Massacre" or the "Tappan Massacre", was a surprise attack on September 27, 1778, against the 3rd Regiment of Continental Light Dragoons under the command of Colonel George Baylor during the American Revolutionary War.
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Bayonet
A bayonet (from French baïonnette) is a knife, sword, or spike-shaped weapon designed to fit on the end of a rifles muzzle, allowing it to be used as a pike.
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British Army during the Napoleonic Wars
The British Army during the Napoleonic Wars experienced a time of rapid change.
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Brittany
Brittany (Bretagne; Breizh, pronounced or; Gallo: Bertaèyn, pronounced) is a cultural region in the northwest of France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.
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Capture of Belle Île
The Capture of Belle Île was a British amphibious expedition to capture the French island of Belle Île off the Brittany coast in 1761, during the Seven Years' War.
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Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey
Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, (13 March 1764 – 17 July 1845), known as Viscount Howick between 1806 and 1807, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from November 1830 to July 1834.
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Charles Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough
Charles Noel Noel, 1st Earl of Gainsborough (2 October 1781 – 10 June 1866), known as Charles Edwardes until 1798, as Charles Noel between 1798 and 1823 and as the Lord Barham between 1823 and 1841, was a British peer and Whig politician.
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Colonel
Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.
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Diana, Princess of Wales
Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997) was a member of the British royal family.
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Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Ferdinand, Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg (12 January 1721, Wolfenbüttel – 3 July 1792, Vechelde), was a German-Prussian field marshal (1758–1766) known for his participation in the Seven Years' War.
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Earl Grey
Earl Grey is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.
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Earl Grey tea
Earl Grey tea is a tea blend which has been flavoured with the addition of oil of bergamot.
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Edward Grey (bishop)
Edward Grey, D.D. (25 March 1782 – 1837) was an Anglican bishop who served in the Church of England as the Bishop of Hereford from 1832 to 1837.
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Eliza Courtney
Eliza Courtney (20 February 1792 – 2 May 1859) was the illegitimate (Natural) daughter of the Whig politician and future Prime Minister Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey and Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, while Georgiana was married to William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire.
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Fallodon
Fallodon is a hamlet in Northumberland, England.
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Flint
Flint is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline form of the mineral quartz, categorized as a variety of chert.
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Fort Desaix
Fort Desaix is a Vauban fort and one of four forts that protect Fort-de-France, the capital of Martinique.
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Fort Saint Louis (Martinique)
Fort Saint Louis (often hyphenated as Fort Saint-Louis) is a seaside fortress in Fort-de-France, Martinique.
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Fort-de-France
Fort-de-France is the capital of France's Caribbean overseas department of Martinique.
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Francis Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook
Francis Thornhill Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook PC (20 April 1796 – 6 September 1866), known as Sir Francis Baring, 3rd Baronet, from 1848 to 1866, was a British Whig politician who served in the governments of Lord Melbourne and Lord John Russell.
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French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of sweeping military conflicts lasting from 1792 until 1802 and resulting from the French Revolution.
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George Edmund Byron Bettesworth
George Edmund Byron Bettesworth (1785 – 16 May 1808) was a British Naval Officer.
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George Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke
General George Augustus Herbert, 11th Earl of Pembroke and 8th Earl of Montgomery (10 September 1759 – 26 October 1827) was an English peer, army officer, and politician.
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George III of the United Kingdom
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death in 1820.
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George Sandford
George Montagu Warren Sandford (c.1821 - 17 June 1879), known until 1866 as George Montagu Warren Peacocke, was a British Conservative Party politician.
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Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (née Spencer;; 7 June 1757 – 30 March 1806) was an English socialite, style icon, author, and activist.
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Gibraltar
Gibraltar is a British Overseas Territory located at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Great Britain
Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.
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Grey's raid
Major General Charles Grey raided the Massachusetts communities of New Bedford, Fairhaven, and Martha's Vineyard in September 1778 as part of British operations in the American Revolutionary War.
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Henry George Grey
Lieutenant-General Sir Henry George Grey GCH, GCB (25 October 1766 – 11 January 1845) was a British Army officer who served as acting Governor of Cape Colony.
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HMNB Portsmouth
Her Majesty's Naval Base, Portsmouth (HMNB Portsmouth) is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the British Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and HMNB Devonport).
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Howick Hall
Howick Hall, a Grade II* listed building in the village of Howick, Northumberland, England, is the ancestral seat of the Earls Grey.
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Howick, Northumberland
Howick is a village in Northumberland, between Boulmer and Craster.
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Invasion of Guadeloupe (1794)
The Invasion of Guadeloupe was a British attempt in 1794 to take and hold the island of Guadeloupe in the West Indies during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Jacobite rising of 1745
The Jacobite rising of 1745 or 'The '45' (Bliadhna Theàrlaich, "The Year of Charles") is the name commonly used for the attempt by Charles Edward Stuart to regain the British throne for the House of Stuart.
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James Wolfe
James Wolfe (2 January 1727 – 13 September 1759) was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms and remembered chiefly for his victory in 1759 over the French at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec as a major general.
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Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst
Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, (29 January 1717 – 3 August 1797) served as an officer in the British Army and as Commander-in-Chief of the Forces.
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John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent
Admiral of the Fleet John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent (9 January 1735 – 14 March 1823) was an admiral in the Royal Navy and Member of Parliament in the United Kingdom.
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John Severne
Air Vice Marshal Sir John de Milt Severne, (15 August 1925 – 4 October 2015) was a senior Royal Air Force officer and aerobatic display pilot.
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Lancashire Fusiliers
The Lancashire Fusiliers was a line infantry regiment of the British Army that saw distinguished service through many centuries and wars, including the Second Boer War both World War I and World War II, and had many different titles throughout its 280 years of existence.
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Lieutenant general
Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries.
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List of Governors of Guernsey
The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British crown dependency off the coast of France.
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Martha's Vineyard
Martha's Vineyard (Wampanoag: Noepe; often called just the Vineyard) is an island located south of Cape Cod in Massachusetts that is known for being an affluent summer colony.
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Martinique
Martinique is an insular region of France located in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of and a population of 385,551 inhabitants as of January 2013.
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Mary Grey, Countess Grey
Mary Elizabeth Grey, Countess Grey (née Mary Elizabeth Ponsonby; 4 March 1776 – 26 November 1861) was a British aristocrat and Countess of Grey as wife of Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
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Minden
Minden is a town of about 83,000 inhabitants in the north-east of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Musket
A musket is a muzzle-loaded, smoothbore long gun that appeared in early 16th century Europe, at first as a heavier variant of the arquebus, capable of penetrating heavy armor.
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New Bedford, Massachusetts
New Bedford is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.
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New York (state)
New York is a state in the northeastern United States.
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Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle upon Tyne, commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear, North East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, from the North Sea.
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Nieuwpoort, Belgium
Nieuwpoort (West Flemish: Nieuwpôort) (French: Nieuport) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of West Flanders.
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North Sea
The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.
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Northumberland
Northumberland (abbreviated Northd) is a county in North East England.
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Order of the Bath
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725.
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Ostend
Ostend (Oostende, or; Ostende; Ostende) is a Belgian coastal city and municipality, located in the province of West Flanders.
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Philadelphia campaign
The Philadelphia campaign (1777–1778) was a British initiative in the American Revolutionary War to gain control of Philadelphia, which was then the seat of the Second Continental Congress.
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Prime minister
A prime minister is the head of a cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.
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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.
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Privy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government.
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Raid on Rochefort
The Raid on Rochefort (or Descent on Rochefort) was a British amphibious attempt to capture the French Atlantic port of Rochefort in September 1757 during the Seven Years' War.
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Ralph Abercromby
Sir Ralph Abercromby (sometimes spelt Abercrombie) (7 October 173428 March 1801) was a Scottish soldier and politician.
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Rochefort, Charente-Maritime
Rochefort is a commune in southwestern France, a port on the Charente estuary.
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Royal Warwickshire Regiment
The Royal Warwickshire Regiment, previously titled the 6th Regiment of Foot, was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in continuous existence for 283 years.
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Samuel Whitbread (1720–1796)
Samuel Whitbread (30 August 1720 – 11 June 1796) was an English brewer and Member of Parliament.
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Samuel Whitbread (1764–1815)
Samuel Whitbread (18 January 1764 – 6 July 1815) was a British politician.
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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.
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Sheerness Dockyard
Sheerness Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the Sheerness peninsula, at the mouth of the River Medway in Kent.
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Siege of Havana
The Siege of Havana was a military action from March to August 1762, as part of the Seven Years' War.
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Sir George Grey, 1st Baronet
Sir George Grey, 1st Baronet, (10 October 1767 – 3 October 1828) was a British Royal Navy officer.
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Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet
Sir George Grey, 2nd Baronet, PC (11 May 1799 – 9 September 1882) was a British Whig politician.
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Sir Henry Thompson, 3rd Baronet
The Revd.
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Sir Robert Laurie, 5th Baronet
Sir Robert Laurie, 5th Baronet (c.1738-1804) was a Scottish soldier and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1774 to 1804.
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Southwick, Sunderland
Southwick is a former village and now a suburb on the north banks of the River Wear in the city of Sunderland in the county of Tyne and Wear, historically in County Durham.
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Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762)
The Spanish invasion of Portugal between 5 May and 24 November 1762 was a main military episode of the wider Seven Years' War, where Spain and France were heavily defeated by the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (including broad popular resistance). It initially involved the forces of Spain and Portugal, before the French and British intervened in the conflict on the side of their respective allies. The war was also strongly marked by a national guerilla warfare in the mountainous country, cutting off supplies from Spain and a hostile peasantry that enforced a scorched earth policy as the invading armies approached, leaving the invaders starving and short of military supplies. During the first invasion, 22,000 Spaniards commanded by Nicolás de Carvajal, Marquis of Sarria, entered the Province of Alto Trás-os-Montes (northeast of Portugal) having Oporto as their ultimate goal. After occupying some fortresses, they were confronted with a national uprising. Taking advantage of the mountainous terrain, the guerrilla bands inflicted heavy losses on the invaders and practically cut off their communication lines with Spain, causing a shortage of essential supplies. Near starvation, the Spaniards tried to conquer Oporto quickly, but were defeated in the battle of the Douro and at Montalegre before retreating to Spain. After this failure, the Spanish commander was replaced by Pedro Pablo Abarca de Bolea, Count of Aranda. Meanwhile, 7,104 British troops landed in Lisbon, leading a massive reorganization of the Portuguese army under the Count of Lippe, the supreme allied commander-in-chief. During the second invasion of Portugal (Province of Beira), 42,000 Franco-Spaniards under Aranda took Almeida and several other strongholds, while the Anglo-Portuguese army stopped another Spanish invasion of Portugal by the province of Alentejo, attacking at Valencia de Alcántara (Spanish Extremadura), where a third Spanish corps was assembling for invasion. The allies managed to stop the invading army in the mountains east of Abrantes, where the slope of the heights facing the Franco-Spanish army was abrupt but very soft on the side of the allies, which facilitated the supply and movements of the allies but acted as a barrier for the Franco-Spaniards. The Anglo-Portuguese also prevented the invaders from crossing the river Tagus and defeated them at Vila Velha. The Franco-Spanish army (which had their supply lines from Spain cut off by the guerrillas) was virtually destroyed by a deadly scorched earth strategy: peasants abandoned all the villages around, taking with them or destroying the crops, food and all that could be used by the invaders, including the roads and houses. The Portuguese government also encouraged desertion among the invaders offering large sums to all deserters and defectors. The invaders had to choose between stay and starve or withdraw.The final outcome was the disintegration of the Franco-Spanish army, which was compelled to retreat to Castelo Branco (closer to the frontier) when a Portuguese force under Townshend made an encircling movement towards its rearguard. According to a British observer, the invaders suffered 30,000 losses (almost three-quarters of the original army), mainly caused by starvation, desertion and capture during the chase of the Franco-Spanish remnants by the Anglo-Portuguese army and peasantry. Finally the allied army took the Spanish headquarters, Castelo Branco, capturing a large number of Spaniards, wounded and sick – who Aranda had abandoned when he fled to Spain, after a second allied encircling movement. During the third invasion of Portugal, the Spaniards attacked Marvão and Ouguela but were defeated with casualties. The allied army left their winter quarters and chased the retreating Spaniards, taking some prisoners; and a Portuguese corps entered Spain taking more prisoners at Codicera. On 24 November, Aranda asked for a truce which was accepted and signed by Lippe on 1 December 1762.
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Studholme Hodgson
Field Marshal Studholme Hodgson (1708 – 20 October 1798) was a British Army officer who served during the 18th century.
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Thomas Erle
Lieutenant-General Thomas Erle PC (1650 – 23 July 1720) was an English army general and politician who sat in the House of Commons of England and of Great Britain from 1678 to 1718.
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Treaty of Amiens
The Treaty of Amiens (French: la paix d'Amiens) temporarily ended hostilities between the French Republic and Great Britain during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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William, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe
Wilhelm, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe-Bückeburg (9 January 1724 – 10 September 1777), born Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Graf zu Schaumburg-Lippe-Bückeburg, was a German ruler of the County of Schaumburg-Lippe-Bückeburg, an important military commander in the Seven Years' War, Generalfeldzeugmeister of the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg, and British field marshal (Generalfeldmarschall).
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28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot
The 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot was a line infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1694.
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3rd The King's Own Hussars
The 3rd (The King's Own) Hussars was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, first raised in 1685.
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7th Dragoon Guards
The 7th (The Princess Royal's) Dragoon Guards was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1688 as Lord Cavendish's Regiment of Horse.
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8th King's Royal Irish Hussars
The 8th King's Royal Irish Hussars was a cavalry regiment in the British Army, first raised in 1693.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Grey,_1st_Earl_Grey
