Duchy of Pomerania

The Duchy of Pomerania (Herzogtum Pommern, Księstwo Pomorskie, 12th century – 1637) was a duchy in Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea, ruled by dukes of the House of Pomerania (Griffins). ^[1]

Adalbert of Pomerania

Adalbert of Pomerania (Adalbert or Albert von Pommern, Wojciech I) (born before 1124; died 1162) was the first bishop of the 12th century Pomeranian bishopric, with its see in Wolin (also Jumne, Julin).

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Albert the Bear

Albert the Bear (Albrecht der Bär; Adelbertus, Adalbertus, Albertus; 1100 – 18 November 1170) was the first Margrave of Brandenburg (as Albert I) from 1157 to his death and was briefly Duke of Saxony between 1138 and 1142.

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Albrecht von Wallenstein

Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein (Albrecht Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna; 24 September 158325 February 1634),Schiller, Friedrich.

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Altentreptow

Altentreptow is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

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Altmark

The Altmark (English: Old MarchHansard, The Parliamentary Debates from the Year 1803 to the Present Time..., Volume 32. 1 February to 6 March 1816, T.C. Hansard, 1816.. Article XXIII of the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna) is a historic region in Germany, comprising the northern third of Saxony-Anhalt.

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Angerdorf

An Angerdorf (plural: Angerdörfer) is a type of village that is characterised by the houses and farmsteads being laid out around a central grassed area, the anger (from the Old High German angar.

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Angermünde

Angermünde is a town in the district of Uckermark in the state of Brandenburg, Germany.

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Anklam

Anklam, formerly known as Tanglim and Wendenburg, is a town in the Western Pomerania region of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Appanage

An appanage or apanage (pronounced) or apanage is the grant of an estate, title, office, or other thing of value to a younger male child of a sovereign, who would otherwise have no inheritance under the system of primogeniture.

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Archbishopric of Magdeburg

The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was a Roman Catholic archdiocese (969–1552) and Prince-Archbishopric (1180–1680) of the Holy Roman Empire centered on the city of Magdeburg on the Elbe River.

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Augsburg

Augsburg (Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.

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Łeba (river)

The Łeba, a river in Middle Pomerania (Poland), originates near the village of Borzestowo west of Kartuzy, passes through Łebsko Lake and empties into the Baltic Sea.

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Świdwin

Świdwin (Schivelbein; Skwilbëno) is a town in West Pomeranian Voivodeship of northwestern Poland.

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Bad Freienwalde

Bad Freienwalde is a spa town in the Märkisch-Oderland district in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Balthasar, Duke of Mecklenburg

Balthasar of Mecklenburg (1451 – 16 March 1507) was a Duke of Mecklenburg and Coadjutor of the Diocese of Hildesheim between 1471 and 1474 and the Diocese of Schwerin between 1474 and 1479.

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Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Germany and the North and Central European Plain.

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Banie

Banie (German: Bahn) is a village in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

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Barnim I, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim I the Good (– 13 November 1278) from the Griffin dynasty was a Duke of Pomerania (ducis Slauorum et Cassubie) from 1220 until his death.

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Barnim II, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim II (c. 1277 – 28 May 1295) was Duke of Pomerania.

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Barnim III, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim III (14 August 1368) was a Pomeranian duke from the Griffin dynasty.

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Barnim IV, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim IV of Pomerania (1325 – 22 August 1365) was a Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast-Rügen.

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Barnim V, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim V (1369–1402/1403) was one of the Dukes of Pomerania.

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Barnim VI, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim VI, Duke of Pomerania (– 22 September 1405 in Pütnitz, near Ribnitz-Damgarten) was duke of Pomerania-Wolgast from 1394 to 1405.

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Barnim VII, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim VII (1390 – 22 September 1450, Wolgast) was the son of Duke Barnim VI, Duke of Pomerania.

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Barnim VIII, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim VIII, Duke of Pomerania (between 1405 and 1407 – between 15 and 19 December 1451) at www.ruegenwalde.com' was Duke of Pomerania–Wolgast–Barth.

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Barnim X, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim X, or according to another account Barnim XII (15 February 1549, Wolgast – 1 September 1603, Szczecin) was a duke of Pomerania and a member of the House of Griffins.

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Barnim XI, Duke of Pomerania

Barnim XI (1501 – 1573; by some accounts Barnim IX), son of Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania, became duke on his father's death in 1523.

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Barth, Germany

Barth is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Battle of Bornhöved (1227)

The (second) Battle of Bornhöved took place on 22 July 1227 near Bornhöved in Holstein.

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Battle of Grunwald

The Battle of Grunwald, First Battle of Tannenberg or Battle of Žalgiris, was fought on 15 July 1410 during the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War.

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Battle of Verchen

The Battle of Verchen (Schlacht bei Verchen) was a battle between Saxons and West Slavic Obotrites on 6 July 1164.

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Bay of Greifswald

The Bay of Greifswald by Jürgen Utrata (2014).

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Bütow

Bütow is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Behren-Lübchin

Behren-Lübchin is a municipality in the district of Rostock, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Bernard

Bernard (Bernhard) is a West Germanic masculine given name.

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Bernstein

Bernstein is a common Jewish surname in the German language meaning "amber".

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Białogard

Białogard (Belgard; Kashubian/Pomeranian: Biôłogard) is a town in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland with 24,399 inhabitants (2004).

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Biały Bór

Biały Bór (Baldenburg) is a town in Szczecinek County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,137 inhabitants (2004).

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Bishopric of Cammin

The Bishopric of Cammin (also Kammin, Kamień Pomorski) was both a former Roman Catholic diocese in the Duchy of Pomerania from 1140 to 1544, and a secular territory of the Holy Roman Empire (Prince-Bishopric) in the Kolberg (Kołobrzeg) area from 1248 to 1650.

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Bishopric of Lebus

The Bishopric of Lebus was a Roman Catholic diocese of Poland and later an ecclesiastical territory of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Bobolice

Bobolice (Bublitz) is a town in Koszalin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Bogislav IX

Bogislav IX (Bogislaw IX., Bogusław IX; 1407/1410 – 7 December 1446), commonly known in English as Bogislav IX, was a duke of Pomerania in Pomerania-Stolp, whose residence was Stargard.

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Bogislaw II, Duke of Pomerania

Bogislaw II (– 23 January 1220) was Duke of Pomerania-Stettin from 1187 until his death.

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Bogislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania

Bogislaw IV (Bogusław IV; died 19 February 1309 or 24 February 1309), of the Griffins dynasty, was Duke of Pomerania for thirty years.

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Bogislaw V, Duke of Pomerania

Bogislaw V (Bogusław, Bogislaus) (c. 1318 – 23 April 1374) was a Duke of Pomerania.

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Bogislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania

Bogislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania (– 7 March 1393) was duke of Pomerania-Wolgast.

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Bogislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania

Bogislaw VII (before 1355 – 1404) was a Duke of Pomerania-Stettin from the House of Griffins.

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Bogislaw VIII, Duke of Pomerania

Bogislaw VIII (– 11 February 1418)Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.149,, a member of the House of Griffins, was Duke of Pomerania ruling in Pomerania-Stolp from 1395 until his death.

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Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania

Bogislaw X of Pomerania, the Great, (3 June 1454 – 5 October 1523) was Duke of Pomerania from 1474 until his death in 1523.

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Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania

Bogislaw XIII (Bogusław XIII) of Pomerania (9 August 1544 – 7 March 1606, Stettin; Polish: Szczecin), son of Philip I and Maria of Saxony, was a prince of Stettin and Wolgast, and a member of the Griffins.

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Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania

Bogislaw XIV of Pomerania or Bogislavs XIV (Bogislaus XIV; Bogusław XIV) (31 March 1580 – 10 March 1637) was the last Duke of Pomerania.

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Bogusław I, Duke of Pomerania

Bogusław I (also Bogislaw and Boguslaus; – 18 March 1187), a member of the House of Griffins, was Duke of Pomerania from 1156 until his death.

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Bolesław III Wrymouth

Bolesław III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Bolesław III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107 and 1138.

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Brandenburg

Brandenburg (Brannenborg, Lower Sorbian: Bramborska, Braniborsko) is one of the sixteen federated states of Germany.

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Brandenburg-Prussia

Brandenburg-Prussia (Brandenburg-Preußen) is the historiographic denomination for the Early Modern realm of the Brandenburgian Hohenzollerns between 1618 and 1701.

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Brüssow

Brüssow is a town in the Uckermark district, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Brick Gothic

Brick Gothic (Backsteingotik, Gotyk ceglany, Baksteengotiek) is a specific style of Gothic architecture common in Northwest and Central Europe especially in the regions in and around the Baltic Sea, which do not have resources of standing rock, but in many places a lot of glacial boulders.

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Burg Stargard

Burg Stargard (Polabian Stargart, is a small town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. It is situated southeast of Neubrandenburg. The town's sights include: Germany’s most northerly hill castle, a local history museum in the castle, a historic town centre, an exhibition by Marie Hager, the well-known German artist, and the wildlife park.

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Burgh

A burgh was an autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland and Northern England, usually a town, or toun in Scots.

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Burgomaster

Burgomaster (alternatively spelled burgermeister, literally master of the town, master of the borough, master of the fortress, or master of the citizens) is the English form of various terms in or derived from Germanic languages for the chief magistrate or chairman of the executive council, usually of a sub-national level of administration such as a city or a similar entity.

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Bytów

Bytów (Bëtowò; Bütow is a town in the Gdańsk Pomerania region of northern Poland with 16,888 inhabitants (2004). Previously in Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998), it is the capital of Bytów County in Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999). The origins of Bytów can be traced back to the early Middle Ages when a fortified stronghold once stood near the town. Bytów was later mentioned, under the Latin name castrum nomine Bitom, by notable Gallus Anonymus in his Chronicles describing medieval Poland. In 1346 Bütow got German town law from the Teutonic Order. During the Thirteen Years' War (1454-1466), the town was the sight of heavy fighting and changed hands over time. Eventually, King Casimir IV Jagiellon granted the town to Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, as a perpetual fiefdom. After the Partitions of Poland, Bytów became part of German Prussia and remained in Germany until the end of World War II. At the final stages of the war, Bytów was the center of heavy artillery shelling initiated by the Red Army; as a result over 55% of buildings were destroyed. Throughout its whole history, Bytów was known to be a multicultural town inhabited by Kashubians, Poles, Germans and Jews. Since 2000 a bugle call is played during important events which taking place in the area. Bytów is a popular tourist destination in the region of Pomerania and is famous for its medieval Teutonic Castle built in the late 14th century.

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Canute VI of Denmark

Canute VI (1163 – 12 November 1202) was King of Denmark (1182–1202).

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Capitulation of Franzburg

The Capitulation of Franzburg (Franzburger Kapitulation) was a treaty providing for the capitulation of the Duchy of Pomerania to the forces of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.

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Casimir I, Duke of Pomerania

Casimir I (or Kasimir I) (* after 1130 – † fall of 1180) was duke of Pomerania since his uncle Ratibor I's death in 1155/56.

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Casimir II, Duke of Pomerania

Casimir II (also spelled Kasimir II) (Kazimierz II pomorski) (1180 – 1219) was the duke of Pomerania-Demmin from 1187 until his death.

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Casimir III the Great

Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.

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Casimir III, Duke of Pomerania

Casimir or Kasimir III (IV); (* 1348 – † 24 August 1372), oldest son of Barnim III, was one of the Dukes of Pomerania-Stettin (Szczecin).

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Casimir IV Jagiellon

Casimir IV KG (Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellończyk; Kazimieras Jogailaitis; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.

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Casimir IV, Duke of Pomerania

Casimir IV (Kazimierz IV or Kaźko Słupski, 3-486-55840-4 or Kasimir V) (1351 – 2 January 1377) was a duke of Pomerania in Pomerania-Stolp since 1374.

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Casimir V, Duke of Pomerania

Duke Casimir V of Pomerania (or, counting differently, Casimir VI; before 1380 – 13 April 1435) was a member of the House of Griffins and a Duke of Pomerania.

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Castellan

A castellan was the governor or captain of a castellany and its castle.

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Cedynia

Cedynia (Zehden) is a small town in Poland, the administrative seat of Gmina Cedynia in Gryfino County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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Central Europe

Central Europe is the region comprising the central part of Europe.

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Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles IV (Karel IV., Karl IV., Carolus IV; 14 May 1316 – 29 November 1378Karl IV. In: (1960): Geschichte in Gestalten (History in figures), vol. 2: F-K. 38, Frankfurt 1963, p. 294), born Wenceslaus, was a King of Bohemia and the first King of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor.

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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.

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Chintz

Chintz (from the plural of chint) was originally glazed calico textiles, initially specifically those imported from India, printed with designs featuring flowers and other patterns in different colours, typically on a light plain background.

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Chojna

Chojna (Königsberg in der Neumark; Czińsbarg; Regiomontanus Neomarchicus "King's Mountain in (the) New March") is a small town in western Poland in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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Choszczno

Choszczno (Arnswalde) is a town (population around 16,173) in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Christopher II of Denmark

Christopher II (29 September 1276 – 2 August 1332) was king of Denmark from 1320 to 1326 and again from 1329 until his death.

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Circipania

Circipania (Circipanien, Zirzipanien) was a medieval territory in what is now northeastern Germany.

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Cotter (farmer)

Cotter, cottier, cottar, Kosatter or Kötter is the German or Scots term for a peasant farmer (formerly in the Scottish highlands for example).

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County of Gützkow

The County of Gützkow (Grafschaft Gützkow) was a part of the Duchy of Pomerania during the High Middle Ages (1219–1359), named after the central town of Gützkow and stretching roughly from the Peene River in the South to the Ryck River in the North.

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Człuchów

Człuchów (Kash. Człëchòwò) is a town in the region of Gdańsk Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with some 14,610 inhabitants (2004).

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Darłowo

Darłowo (in full The Royal City of Darłowo; Królewskie Miasto Darłowo, Rügenwalde), is a seaside town in the West Pomeranian Region, at the south coast of the Baltic Sea, north-western Poland, with 14,931 inhabitants.

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Dąbie, Szczecin

Dąbie (or Stettin-Altdamm) is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Szczecin in Poland, situated on the Płonia river, on the south coast of Dąbie Lake, on the right bank of Oder river, east of the Szczecin Old Town and Middle Town.

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Debrzno

Debrzno (Preußisch Friedland) is a town in Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Debt relief

Debt relief or debt cancellation is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals, corporations, or nations.

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Demmin

Demmin is a town in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

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Dobra, Łobez County

Dobra, also known as Dobra Nowogardzka (Daber), is a town in Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,046 inhabitants (2004).

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Dobrzany

Dobrzany (Jakobshagen, Jacobshagen; Jakùbòwò) is a town in Stargard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Dobrzyń, West Pomeranian Voivodeship

Dobrzyń (Annashof) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Gryfice, within Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

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Domestic pig

The domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus or only Sus domesticus), often called swine, hog, or simply pig when there is no need to distinguish it from other pigs, is a large, even-toed ungulate.

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Driessen

Driessen is a Dutch and Low German patronymic surname meaning son of Dries or Andries cognate to Andreas and the English Drew/Andrew.

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Ducal Castle, Szczecin

The Ducal Castle in Szczecin, Poland, was the seat of the dukes of Pomerania-Stettin of the House of Pomerania (Griffins), who ruled the Duchy of Pomerania from 1121 to 1637.

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Duchies of Silesia

The Duchies of Silesia were the more than twenty divisions of the region of Silesia formed between the 12th and 14th centuries by the breakup of the Duchy of Silesia, then part of the Kingdom of Poland.

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Duchy of Greater Poland

The Duchy of Greater Poland was a historical Polish province established in 1138 according to the Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty.

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Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

The Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a duchy in northern Germany, consisting of the eastern fifth of the historic Mecklenburg region, roughly corresponding with the present-day Mecklenburg-Strelitz district (the former Lordship of Stargard), and the western exclave of the former bishopric of Ratzeburg in modern Schleswig-Holstein.

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Duchy of Saxony

The Duchy of Saxony (Hartogdom Sassen, Herzogtum Sachsen) was originally the area settled by the Saxons in the late Early Middle Ages, when they were subdued by Charlemagne during the Saxon Wars from 772 and incorporated into the Carolingian Empire (Francia) by 804.

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Dziwnów

Dziwnów (Berg Dievenow) is a town in north-western Poland situated on the Baltic Sea at the mouth of the river Dziwna.

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East Pomeranian dialect

East Pomeranian (Ostpommersch) is an East Low German dialect that is either moribund or used to be spoken in what was roughly Pomerania (now Northwestern Poland; previously part of Germany until the end of World War II) and today is also spoken in Brazil.

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.

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Eberswalde

Eberswalde is a major town and the administrative seat of the district Barnim in the German Federal State (Bundesland) of Brandenburg, about 50 km northeast of Berlin.

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Eldena Abbey

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Electorate of Saxony

The Electorate of Saxony (Kurfürstentum Sachsen, also Kursachsen) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire established when Emperor Charles IV raised the Ascanian duchy of Saxe-Wittenberg to the status of an Electorate by the Golden Bull of 1356.

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Elizabeth of Poland, Duchess of Pomerania

Princess Elizabeth of Poland (Elżbieta Kazimierzówna) (1326–1361) was the eldest child of Casimir III of Poland and his first wife, Aldona of Lithuania.

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Elizabeth of Pomerania

Elizabeth of Pomerania (– 15 April 1393) was the fourth and final wife of Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia.

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Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Eric II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (10 August 1528 – 17 November 1584) was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruler of the Principality of Calenberg from 1545 to 1584.

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Eric II, Duke of Pomerania

Eric II or Erich II (between 1418 and 1425 – 5 July 1474) was a member of the House of Pomerania (also known as the House of Griffins) and was the ruling Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast from 1457 to 1474.

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Eric of Pomerania

Eric of Pomerania KG (1381 or 1382 – 24 September 1459) was the ruler of the Kalmar Union from 1396 until 1439, succeeding his adoptive mother, Queen Margaret I. He is numbered Eric III as King of Norway (1389–1442), Eric VII as King of Denmark (1396–1439) and Eric XIII as King of Sweden (1396–1434, 1436–39).

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Eric VI of Denmark

Eric VI Menved (1274 – 13 November 1319) was King of Denmark (1286–1319) and a son of Eric V and Agnes of Brandenburg.

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Ernst Ludwig, Duke of Pomerania

Ernst Ludwig (20 November 1545, Wolgast – 17 June 1592, Wolgast)Thümmel (2002), p.87 was duke of Pomerania from 1560 to 1592.

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Falkenberg

Falkenberg is a locality and the seat of Falkenberg Municipality, Halland County, Sweden, with 20,035 inhabitants in 2010 (out of a municipal total of 41,000).

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Farther Pomerania

Farther Pomerania, Further Pomerania, Transpomerania or Eastern Pomerania (Hinterpommern, Ostpommern), is the part of Pomerania which comprised the eastern part of the Duchy and later Province of Pomerania.

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Frankfurt (Oder)

Frankfurt (Oder) (also Frankfurt an der Oder, abbreviated Frankfurt a. d. Oder, Frankfurt a. d. O., Frankf., 'Frankfurt on the Oder') is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, located on the Oder River, on the German-Polish border directly opposite the town of Słubice, which was part of Frankfurt until 1945.

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Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick I (Friedrich I, Federico I; 1122 – 10 June 1190), also known as Frederick Barbarossa (Federico Barbarossa), was the Holy Roman Emperor from 2 January 1155 until his death.

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Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg

Frederick II of Brandenburg (19 November 1413 – 10 February 1471), nicknamed "the Iron" (der Eiserne) and sometimes "Irontooth" (Eisenzahn), was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1440 until his abdication in 1470, and was a member of the House of Hohenzollern.

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Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor

Frederick II (26 December 1194 – 13 December 1250; Fidiricu, Federico, Friedrich) was King of Sicily from 1198, King of Germany from 1212, King of Italy and Holy Roman Emperor from 1220 and King of Jerusalem from 1225.

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Gartz

Gartz is a town in the Uckermark district in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Garz (Rügen)

Garz is a town in the county of Vorpommern-Rügen in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

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Garz (Usedom)

Garz is a small municipality on the island of Usedom in the Vorpommern-Greifswald landkreis in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Güstrow

Güstrow (Latin Gustrovium) is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Gützkow

Gützkow is a town in the District of Vorpommern-Greifswald in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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George I, Duke of Pomerania

George I of Pomerania (Herzog Georg I. von Pommern; 11 April 1493 – 10 May 1531) was a Duke of Pomerania from the House of Griffins.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Gmina Rąbino

Gmina Rąbino is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Świdwin County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in north-western Poland.

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Goleniów

Goleniów (Gòłonóg; Gollnow) is a town in Pomerania, northwestern Poland with 22,399 inhabitants (2004).

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Gollenberg

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Greater Poland

Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (Großpolen; Latin: Polonia Maior), is a historical region of west-central Poland.

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Greifenberg

Greifenberg is a municipality in the district of Landsberg in Bavaria in Germany.

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Greifenhagen

Greifenhagen is a village and a former municipality in the Mansfeld-Südharz district, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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Greifswald

Greifswald, officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (German: Universitäts- und Hansestadt Greifswald), is a city in northeastern Germany.

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Griffin

The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (Greek: γρύφων, grýphōn, or γρύπων, grýpōn, early form γρύψ, grýps; gryphus) is a legendary creature with the body, tail, and back legs of a lion; the head and wings of an eagle; and an eagle's talons as its front feet.

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Grimmen

Grimmen is a town in Vorpommern-Rügen, a district in the Bundesland Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Groswin

Groswin was the name-giving seat of one of the castellanies of the Duchy of Pomerania in the High Middle Ages.

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Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden

Gustav II Adolf (9 December 1594 – 6 November 1632, O.S.), widely known in English by his Latinised name Gustavus Adolphus or as Gustav II Adolph, was the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632 who is credited for the founding of Sweden as a great power (Stormaktstiden).

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Hagenhufendorf

A Hagenhufendorf (German: also Bachhufendorf, Hagenhufensiedlung or Hägerhufensiedlung) is an elongated settlement, similar to a Reihendorf, laid out along a road running parallel to a stream, whereby only one side of the road has houses, whilst on the opposite side are the hides (Hufen), the handkerchief-shaped farmer's fields of medieval origin, about 20 to 40 morgens in area.

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Hammerstein

Hammerstein is a municipality on the Rhine River in the district of Neuwied in Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.

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Hanseatic League

The Hanseatic League (Middle Low German: Hanse, Düdesche Hanse, Hansa; Standard German: Deutsche Hanse; Latin: Hansa Teutonica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe.

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Haufendorf

A Haufendorf is an enclosed village with irregular plots of land and farms of greatly differing scale, usually surrounded by a stockade fence (German: Ortsetter).

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Havel

The Havel is a river in north-eastern Germany, flowing through the German states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Berlin and Saxony-Anhalt.

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Hectare

The hectare (SI symbol: ha) is an SI accepted metric system unit of area equal to a square with 100 meter sides, or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land.

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Henry II the Pious

Henry II the Pious (Henryk II Pobożny) (1196 – 9 April 1241),*Cawley, Charles; Foundation for Medieval Genealogy, Medieval Lands Project; Silesia v3.0; Dukes of Breslau (Wrocław) and Lower Silesia 1163–1278 (Piast) (Chap 4); Heinrich II Duke of Lower Silesia; retrieved May 2015.

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Henry the Bearded

Henry the Bearded (Henryk Brodaty, Heinrich der Bärtige); c. 1165/70 – 19 March 1238), of the Silesian line of the Piast dynasty, was Duke of Silesia at Wrocław from 1201 and Duke of Kraków and thus High Duke of all Poland — internally divided — from 1232 until his death.

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Henry the Lion

Henry the Lion (Heinrich der Löwe; 1129/1131 – 6 August 1195) was a member of the Welf dynasty and Duke of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and Duke of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, the duchies of which he held until 1180.

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Hide (unit)

The hide was an English unit of land measurement originally intended to represent the amount of land sufficient to support a household.

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History of Pomerania

The history of Pomerania starts shortly before 1000 AD with ongoing conquests by newly arrived Polans rulers.

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Holy Roman Emperor

The Holy Roman Emperor (historically Romanorum Imperator, "Emperor of the Romans") was the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire (800-1806 AD, from Charlemagne to Francis II).

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Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.

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Holy See

The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.

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House of Ascania

The House of Ascania (Askanier) is a dynasty of German rulers.

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House of Griffins

The House of Griffins or House of Pomerania (Greifen; Gryfici), also known as House of Greifen, was a dynasty of dukes ruling the Duchy of Pomerania from the 12th century until 1637.

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House of Hohenzollern

The House of Hohenzollern is a dynasty of former princes, electors, kings and emperors of Hohenzollern, Brandenburg, Prussia, the German Empire, and Romania.

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House of Luxembourg

The House of Luxembourg (Lucemburkové) was a late medieval European royal family, whose members between 1308 and 1437 ruled as King of the Romans and Holy Roman Emperors as well as Kings of Bohemia (Čeští králové, König von Böhmen) and Hungary.

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Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)

The Imperial Diet (Dieta Imperii/Comitium Imperiale; Reichstag) was the deliberative body of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Imperial immediacy

Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged constitutional and political status rooted in German feudal law under which the Imperial estates of the Holy Roman Empire such as Imperial cities, prince-bishoprics and secular principalities, and individuals such as the Imperial knights, were declared free from the authority of any local lord and placed under the direct ("immediate", in the sense of "without an intermediary") authority of the Emperor, and later of the institutions of the Empire such as the Diet (Reichstag), the Imperial Chamber of Justice and the Aulic Council.

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Ina (river)

The Ina is a river in northwestern Poland, a right tributary of the Oder River.

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Jarmen

Jarmen is a town in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

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Jaromar I, Prince of Rügen

Jaromar I was a Prince of Rügen between 1170 and 1218.

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Johannes Bugenhagen

Johannes Bugenhagen (24 June 1485 – 20 April 1558), also called Doctor Pomeranus by Martin Luther, introduced the Protestant Reformation in the Duchy of Pomerania and Denmark in the 16th century.

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John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania

Johann Friedrich (sometimes rendered to John Frederick) (27 August 1542 – 9 February 1600) was Duke of Pomerania from 1560 to 1600, and Bishop of Cammin (Kamień) from 1556 to 1574.

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Kalmar Union

The Kalmar Union or Union of Kalmaris (Danish, Norwegian and Kalmarunionen; Unio Calmariensis) was a personal union that from 1397 to 1523 joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including most of Finland's populated areas), and Norway, together with Norway's overseas dependencies (then including Iceland, Greenland,Nominal possession, there was no European contact with the island during the Kalmar Union period the Faroe Islands and the Northern Isles).

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Kamień Pomorski

Kamień Pomorski (Cammin or Kammin; Kamién) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship of north-western Poland, on the Baltic coast.

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Karlino

Karlino (Körlin an der Persante) is a town in Białogard County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Karsibór

Karsibór (Kaseburg) is an island in the Oder Lagoon, Poland, which was created by the cutting of the Kaiserfahrt canal which separated it from the island of Usedom.

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Kashubia

Kashubia or Cassubia (Kaszëbë, Kaszuby, Kaschubei, Kaschubien) is a language area in the historic Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) region of northwestern Poland.

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Kashubian language

Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa; język kaszubski, język pomorski, język kaszubsko-słowiński) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup along with Polish and Silesian.

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Kashubians

The Kashubs (Kaszëbi; Kaszubi; Kaschuben; also spelled Kaszubians, Kassubians, Cassubians, Cashubes, and Kashubians, and formerly known as Kashubes) are a West Slavic ethnic group in Pomerelia, north-central Poland.

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Kessinger Publishing

Kessinger Publishing LLC is an American print on demand publishing company located in Whitefish, Montana that specializes in rare, out of print books.

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Kingdom of Prussia

The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.

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Knights Templar

The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici), also known as the Order of Solomon's Temple, the Knights Templar or simply as Templars, were a Catholic military order recognised in 1139 by papal bull Omne Datum Optimum of the Holy See.

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Kołbacz Abbey

The Kołbacz Abbey was a Cistercian monastery located in Kołbacz, Poland.

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Kołobrzeg

Kołobrzeg (Kolberg) is a city in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in north-western Poland with about 47,000 inhabitants.

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Kostrzyn nad Odrą

Kostrzyn nad Odrą (Küstrin) is a town in Gorzów County, Lubusz Voivodeship in western Poland, close to the border with Germany.

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Koszalin

Koszalin ((Köslin, Kòszalëno), is a city in Western Pomerania in north-western Poland. It is located south of the Baltic Sea coast, and intersected by the river Dzierżęcinka. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Previously, it was a capital of Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998). The current mayor of Koszalin is Piotr Jedliński.

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Kraków

Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Lands of Schlawe and Stolp

The Lands of Schlawe and Stolp (Länder Schlawe und Stolp) or Land of Słupsk-Sławno (Ziemia Słupsko-Sławieńska) are a historical region in Pomerania, centered on the towns of Sławno (Schlawe) and Słupsk (Stolp) in Farther Pomerania, in present-day Poland.

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Landtag

A Landtag (State Diet) is a representative assembly (parliament) in German-speaking countries with legislative authority and competence over a federated state (Land).

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Lassan, Germany

Lassan is a town in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

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Lauenburg

Lauenburg, or Lauenburg an der Elbe (Lauenburg/Elbe), is a town in the state of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

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Lauenburg and Bütow Land

Lauenburg and Bütow Land (Länder or italic, Lãbòrskò-bëtowskô Zemia, Ziemia lęborsko-bytowska) formed a historical region in eastern Pomerania.

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Lübeck

Lübeck is a city in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany.

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Lübeck law

The Lübeck law (Lübisches (Stadt)Recht) was the constitution of a municipal form of government developed at Lübeck, now in Schleswig-Holstein, after it was made a free city in 1226.

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Lębork

Lębork (Lãbòrg) is a town of 37,000 people on the Łeba and Okalica rivers in the Gdańsk Pomerania region in northwestern Poland.

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Leipzig

Leipzig is the most populous city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.

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Linear settlement

In geography, a linear settlement is a (normally small to medium-sized) settlement or group of buildings that is formed in a long line.

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Lipiany

Lipiany (Lippehne) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland, with 4,156 inhabitants (2004).

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List of Danish monarchs

This is a list of Danish monarchs, that is, the Kings and Queens regnant of Denmark.

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List of Imperial Diet participants (1792)

The Holy Roman Empire was a highly decentralized state for most of its history, composed of hundreds of smaller states, most of which operated with some degree of independent sovereignty.

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List of Labes on Mars

Labes (plural: labes) is a Latin word used by exogeologists to refer to chaotic regions, featuring ridges and steep valleys, in the Valles Marineris region of Mars.

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List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes

This is a list of the duchies and dukes of Pomerania.

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List of rulers of Brandenburg

This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of northern-eastern Europe.

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Loitz

Loitz is a town in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

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Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor

Lothair II or Lothair III (before 9 June 1075 – 4 December 1137), known as Lothair of Supplinburg, was Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 until his death.

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Louis I of Hungary

Louis I, also Louis the Great (Nagy Lajos; Ludovik Veliki; Ľudovít Veľký) or Louis the Hungarian (Ludwik Węgierski; 5 March 132610 September 1382), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1342 and King of Poland from 1370.

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Lower Saxony

Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen, Neddersassen) is a German state (Land) situated in northwestern Germany.

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Lubusz Land

Lubusz Land (Ziemia Lubuska, Lubusz; Land Lebus) is a historical region and cultural landscape in Poland and Germany on both sides of the Oder river.

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Lutici

The Lutici (known by various spelling variants) were a federation of West Slavic Polabian tribes, who between the 10th and 12th centuries lived in what is now northeastern Germany.

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Magdeburg rights

Magdeburg rights (Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages, granted by the local ruler.

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Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg

Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Güstrow (1441 – 20 November 1503) was duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1477 until his death.

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Margaret of Brandenburg (1450–1489)

Margaret of Brandenburg (1449 or 1450 – 1489) was a princess of Brandenburg by birth and by marriage Duchess of Pomerania.

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Margrave

Margrave was originally the medieval title for the military commander assigned to maintain the defense of one of the border provinces of the Holy Roman Empire or of a kingdom.

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Margraviate of Brandenburg

The Margraviate of Brandenburg (Markgrafschaft Brandenburg) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 that played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe.

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Mark (currency)

The mark was a currency or unit of account in many nations.

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Martin Luther

Martin Luther, (10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation.

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Massow

Massow is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Müritz

The (from Slavic "little sea") is a lake in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, northern Germany.

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Mecklenburg

Mecklenburg (locally, Low German: Mękel(n)borg) is a historical region in northern Germany comprising the western and larger part of the federal-state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

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Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect

Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch is a Low German dialect spoken in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

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Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania

Mestwin II (Mściwój II or Mszczuj II) (1220 – December 25, 1294) was a Duke of Pomerelia, member of the Samborides dynasty.

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Miedwie

Miedwie is a lake in the Pomeranian Lakeland region of West Pomeranian Voivodship, in northwestern Poland.

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Morgen

A morgen was a unit of measurement of land area in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland and the Dutch colonies, including South Africa and Taiwan.

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Motte-and-bailey castle

A motte-and-bailey castle is a fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised earthwork called a motte, accompanied by an enclosed courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade.

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Myślibórz

Myślibórz (Soldin; Żôłdzëno) is a city in north-west Poland, in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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Neumark

The Neumark, also known as the New March (Nowa Marchia) or as East Brandenburg, was a region of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and its successors located east of the Oder River in territory which became part of Poland in 1945.

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Northern March

The Northern March or North March (Nordmark) was created out of the division of the vast Marca Geronis in 965.

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Northern Seven Years' War

The Northern Seven Years' War (also known as the Nordic Seven Years' War, the First Northern War or the Seven Years War in Scandinavia) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and a coalition of Denmark–Norway, Lübeck and Poland between 1563 and 1570.

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Noteć

Noteć is a river in central Poland with a length of (7th longest) and a basin area of.

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Nowe Warpno

Nowe Warpno (Neuwarp) is a town in northwestern Poland, in Police County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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Nowogard

Nowogard (Naugard; Nowògard) is a village in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship Province of northwestern Poland.

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Oder

The Oder (Czech, Lower Sorbian and Odra, Oder, Upper Sorbian: Wódra) is a river in Central Europe.

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Ostsiedlung

Ostsiedlung (literally east settling), in English called the German eastward expansion, was the medieval eastward migration and settlement of Germanic-speaking peoples from the Holy Roman Empire, especially its southern and western portions, into less-populated regions of Central Europe, parts of west Eastern Europe, and the Baltics.

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Otto I, Duke of Pomerania

Otto I, Duke of Pomerania (1279 – 31 December 1344) was Duke of Pomerania-Stettin.

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Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg

Otto I (c. 1128 – July 8, 1184) was the second Margrave of Brandenburg, from 1170 until his death.

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Otto III, Duke of Pomerania

Otto III, Duke of Pomerania (29 May 1444 – 7 September 1464) was a member of the House of Griffins and a Duke of Pomerania-Stettin.

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Otto III, Margrave of Brandenburg

Otto III, nicknamed the pious (1215 – 9 October 1267 in Brandenburg an der Havel) was Margrave of Brandenburg jointly with his elder brother John I until John died in 1266.

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Otto of Bamberg

Saint Otto of Bamberg (Otto von Bamberg, Otton z Bambergu; 1060 or 1061 – 30 June 1139) was Bishop of Bamberg and a missionary who, as papal legate, converted much of medieval Pomerania to Christianity.

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Otto V, Duke of Bavaria

Otto V the Bavarian, Duke of Bavaria (1340/42 – 15 November 1379), was a Duke of Bavaria and Elector of Brandenburg as Otto VII.

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Parsęta

Parsęta (Persante) is a river in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship (Zachodniopomorskie) of north-western Poland, a tributary of the Baltic Sea, with a length of and a basin area of.

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Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania

The Duchy of Pomerania was partitioned several times to satisfy the claims of the male members of the ruling House of Pomerania dynasty.

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Pasewalk

Pasewalk is a town in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in Germany.

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Pölitz

Pölitz is a municipality in the district of Stormarn, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.

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Płoty

Płoty (Plathe an der Rega) is a town in Gryfice County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,035 inhabitants (2010).

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Peace of Thorn (1411)

The (First) Peace of Thorn was a peace treaty formally ending the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War between allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania on one side, and the Teutonic Knights on the other.

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Peace of Westphalia

The Peace of Westphalia (Westfälischer Friede) was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster that virtually ended the European wars of religion.

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Peene

The Peene is a river in Germany.

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Peenestrom

The Peenestrom is a gat, strait or river in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Penkun

Penkun is a town in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

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Philip I, Duke of Pomerania

Philip I of Pomerania (14 May 1515 in Stettin – 14 February 1560 in Wolgast) was Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast.

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Piracy

Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable items or properties.

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Plague (disease)

Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.

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Polish language

Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.

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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth

The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.

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Polish–Teutonic War (1326–32)

Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332) was the war between the Kingdom of Poland and the State of the Teutonic Order over Pomerelia, fought from 1326 to 1332.

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Pomerania

Pomerania (Pomorze; German, Low German and North Germanic languages: Pommern; Kashubian: Pòmòrskô) is a historical region on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in Central Europe, split between Germany and Poland.

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Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages

Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages covers the History of Pomerania from the 7th to the 11th centuries.

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Pomerania during the High Middle Ages

Pomerania during the High Middle Ages covers the history of Pomerania in the 12th and 13th centuries.

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Pomerania-Stolp

Pomerania-Stolp ((Teil-)Herzogtum Pommern-Stolp, księstwo słupskie, "Duchy of Słupsk") was one of the partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania (Herzogtum Pommern).

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Pomeranian language

The Pomeranian language (grupa pomorska języków lechickich, pomoranische Sprache) is a group of dialects from the Lechitic cluster of the West Slavic languages.

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Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)

The Pomeranians (Pomoranen; Pòmòrzónie; Pomorzanie) were a group of West Slavic tribes who lived along the shore of the Baltic Sea between the mouths of the Oder and Vistula Rivers (the latter Farther Pomerania and Pomerelia).

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Pomerelia

Pomerelia (Pomerelia; Pomerellen, Pommerellen), also referred to as Eastern Pomerania (Pomorze Wschodnie) or as Gdańsk Pomerania (Pomorze Gdańskie), is a historical region in northern Poland.

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Pope Clement III

Pope Clement III (Clemens III; 1130 – 20 March 1191), born Paulino (or Paolo) Scolari, reigned from 19 December 1187 to his death.

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Pope John XXII

Pope John XXII (Ioannes XXII; 1244 – 4 December 1334), born Jacques Duèze (or d'Euse), was Pope from 7 August 1316 to his death in 1334.

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Prenzlau

Prenzlau (formerly also Prenzlow) is a town in Brandenburg, Germany, the administrative seat of Uckermark District.

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Prince-elector

The prince-electors (or simply electors) of the Holy Roman Empire (Kurfürst, pl. Kurfürsten, Kurfiřt, Princeps Elector) were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Principality of Rügen

The Principality of Rügen (Fürstentum Rügen) was a Danish principality consisting of the island of Rügen and the adjacent mainland from 1168 until 1325.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)

The Province of Pomerania was a province of Brandenburg-Prussia, the later Kingdom of Prussia.

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Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)

The Province of Pomerania (Provinz Pommern) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1815 until 1945.

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Prussia (region)

Prussia (Old Prussian: Prūsa, Preußen, Prūsija, Prusy, tr) is a historical region in Europe, stretching from Gdańsk Bay to the end of Curonian Spit on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea, and extending inland as far as Masuria.

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Przemysł II

Przemysł II (also given in English and Latin as Premyslas or Premislaus or less properly Przemysław; 14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296), was the Duke of Poznań from 1257–1279, of Greater Poland from 1279–1296, of Kraków from 1290–1291, and Gdańsk Pomerania (Pomerelia) from 1294–1296, and then King of Poland from 1295 until his death.

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Pyrzyce

Pyrzyce (Pyritz, Kashubian: Përzëca), is a town in Pomerania, north-western Poland, with 13,331 inhabitants (2007).

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Ratibor I, Duke of Pomerania

Ratibor I (Racibor) (1124 – 1156) of the House of Pomerania (Griffins) was Duke of Pomerania.

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Ratibor II, Duke of Pomerania

Ratibor II was a Pomeranian duke.

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Rügen

Rügen (also lat. Rugia; Ruegen) is Germany's largest island by area.

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Reformation

The Reformation (or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation; also, the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.

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Rega

The Rega is a river in north-western Poland, flowing into the Baltic Sea.

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Regalia

Regalia is Latin plurale tantum for the privileges and the insignia characteristic of a sovereign.

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Resko

Resko is a town in Łobez County, West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, with 4,436 inhabitants (2004).

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Ribnitz-Damgarten

Ribnitz-Damgarten is a town in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, situated on Lake Ribnitz (Ribnitzer See).

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Richtenberg

Richtenberg is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

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Robber baron (feudalism)

A robber baron or robber knight (German Raubritter) was an unscrupulous feudal landowner who imposed high taxes and tolls out of keeping with the norm without authorization by some higher authority, while protected by his fief's legal status.

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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gniezno

The Archdiocese of Gniezno (Archidioecesis Gnesnensis, Archidiecezja Gnieźnieńska) is the oldest Latin Catholic archdiocese in Poland, located in the city of Gniezno.

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Saint

A saint (also historically known as a hallow) is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness or closeness to God.

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Samborides

The Samborides or House of Sobiesław were a ruling dynasty in the historic region of Pomerelia.

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Santok

Santok (Zantoch) is a village in Gorzów County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland.

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Sławno

Sławno (Kashubian/Pomeranian: Słôwno, Schlawe), is a town on the Wieprza river in Middle Pomerania region, north-western Poland, with 13,322 inhabitants (2006).

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Słupsk

Słupsk (Stolp; also known by several alternative names) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, with a population of 98,757.

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Schmalkaldic League

The Schmalkaldic League; was a military alliance of Lutheran princes within the Holy Roman Empire during the mid-16th century.

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Schmalkaldic War

The Schmalkaldic War (Schmalkaldischer Krieg) refers to the short period of violence from 1546 until 1547 between the forces of Emperor Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (simultaneously King Charles I of Spain), commanded by Don Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba, and the Lutheran Schmalkaldic League within the domains of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Schwedt

Schwedt (or Schwedt/Oder) is a town in northeastern Brandenburg, Germany.

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Second Peace of Thorn (1466)

The Peace of Thorn of 1466 (Zweiter Friede von Thorn; drugi pokój toruński) was a peace treaty signed in the Hanseatic city of Thorn (Toruń) on 19 October 1466 between the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon on one side, and the Teutonic Knights on the other.

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Sianów

Sianów (Zanow) is a town in Poland, in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, in Koszalin County.

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Silesian Piasts

The Silesian Piasts were the elder of four lines of the Polish Piast dynasty beginning with Władysław II the Exile (1105–1159), eldest son of Duke Bolesław III of Poland.

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Slavic languages

The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) are the Indo-European languages spoken by the Slavic peoples.

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Slavinia

Slavinia (Slawien) is a historical region around the Oder River delta and the Szczecin Lagoon in Pomerania.

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Slovincian language

Slovincian is the language formerly spoken by the Slovincians (Słowińcë, Słowińcy, Slowinzen, Lebakaschuben), a West Slavic tribe living between lakes Gardno and Łebsko near Słupsk in Pomerania.

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Sovereignty

Sovereignty is the full right and power of a governing body over itself, without any interference from outside sources or bodies.

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Spaniards

Spaniards are a Latin European ethnic group and nation.

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Spree

The Spree (Sprjewja, Spréva) is a river that flows through the Saxony, Brandenburg and Berlin states of Germany, and in the Ústí nad Labem region of the Czech Republic.

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Stargard

Stargard (Stargard in Pommern; Stôrgard) is a city in northwestern Poland, with a population of 71,017 (2005).

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State of the Teutonic Order

The State of the Teutonic Order (Staat des Deutschen Ordens; Civitas Ordinis Theutonici), also called Deutschordensstaat or Ordensstaat in German, was a crusader state formed by the Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order during the 13th century Northern Crusades along the Baltic Sea.

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Stavenhagen

Stavenhagen is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Stepenitz (Trave)

The Stepenitz is a right-hand tributary of the River Trave in the northwest of the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and within the borough of Lübeck in the state of Schleswig-Holstein.

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Stolpe Abbey

Stolpe Abbey (Kloster Stolpe; founded 1153, dissolved 1534) was the first monastery in Pomerania.

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Stolpe an der Peene

Stolpe is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Stralsund

Stralsund, (Swedish: Strålsund) is a Hanseatic town in the Pomeranian part of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Strasburg, Germany

Strasburg (officially: Strasburg (Uckermark)) is a town in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Struga, Szczecin

Struga (Buchholz, Hohenkrug, Königsweg and Henningsholm) is a part of the Szczecin City, Poland situated on the right bank of Oder river, east of the Szczecin Old Town, and south-east of Szczecin-Dąbie.

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Swedish Empire

The Swedish Empire (Stormaktstiden, "Great Power Era") was a European great power that exercised territorial control over much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries.

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Swedish Pomerania

Swedish Pomerania (Svenska Pommern; Schwedisch-Pommern) was a Dominion under the Swedish Crown from 1630 to 1815, situated on what is now the Baltic coast of Germany and Poland.

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Swienca family

The Swienca family was a medieval Pomeranian noble family which held high offices under various political powers in the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp (Sławno and Słupsk) and Pomerelia from the mid-13th to the mid-14th centuries.

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Swietopelk I, Duke of Pomerania

Swietopelk I (also referred to as Swantopolk I), (born around 1080, died before 1148) sometimes called "Swietopelk of Nakło" (Polish: Świętopełk Nakielski) to distinguish him from other rulers of the same name, was one of the first known Dukes of Pomerania; in the years 1109/13 to 1121 he ruled over Pomerelia.

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Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania

Swietopelk II, also Zwantepolc II or Swantopolk II, (1190/1200 – 11 January 1266), sometimes known as the Great (Świętopełk II Wielki; Kashubian: Swiãtopôłk II Wiôldżi), was ruling Duke of Pomerelia-Gdańsk from 1215 until his death.

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Szczecin

Szczecin (German and Swedish Stettin), known also by other alternative names) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major seaport and Poland's seventh-largest city. As of June 2011, the population was 407,811. Szczecin is located on the Oder, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin is adjacent to the town of Police and is the urban centre of the Szczecin agglomeration, an extended metropolitan area that includes communities in the German states of Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. The city's recorded history began in the 8th century as a Slavic Pomeranian stronghold, built at the site of the Ducal castle. In the 12th century, when Szczecin had become one of Pomerania's main urban centres, it lost its independence to Piast Poland, the Duchy of Saxony, the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark. At the same time, the House of Griffins established themselves as local rulers and the population was Christianized. After the Treaty of Stettin in 1630, the town came under the control of the Swedish Empire and became in 1648 the Capital of Swedish Pomerania until 1720, when it was acquired by the Kingdom of Prussia and then the German Empire. Following World War II Stettin became part of Poland, resulting in expulsion of the German population. Szczecin is the administrative and industrial centre of West Pomeranian Voivodeship and is the site of the University of Szczecin, Pomeranian Medical University, Maritime University, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin Art Academy, and the see of the Szczecin-Kamień Catholic Archdiocese. From 1999 onwards, Szczecin has served as the site of the headquarters of NATO's Multinational Corps Northeast. Szczecin was a candidate for the European Capital of Culture in 2016.

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Szczecin Lagoon

Szczecin Lagoon, Stettin Lagoon, Bay of Szczecin, or Stettin Bay (Zalew Szczeciński, Stettiner Haff), also Oder lagoon (Oderhaff), is a lagoon in the Oder estuary, shared by Germany and Poland.

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Szczecinek

Szczecinek (Neustettin; Nowé Sztetëno) is a historical city in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland, with a population of more than 40,000 (2011).

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Teutonic Order

The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.

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Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)

The Thirteen Years' War (Dreizehnjähriger Krieg; wojna trzynastoletnia), also called the War of the Cities, was a conflict fought in 1454–66 between the Prussian Confederation, allied with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and the State of the Teutonic Order.

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Thirty Years' War

The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648.

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Tollense

The Tollense (from Slavic dolenica "lowland, (flat) valley") is a river in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in northeastern Germany, right tributary of the Peene.

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Torgelow

Torgelow is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany.

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Treaty of Kalisz (1343)

The Treaty of Kalisz (Pokój kaliski, Vertrag von Kalisch) was a peace treaty signed by King Casimir III the Great of Poland and the Teutonic Knights on 2 June 1343 in Kalisz.

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Treaty of Kremmen

The Treaty of Kremmen was signed on 20 June 1236 by Duke Wartislaw III of Pomerania, recognizing the seigniory of the Brandenburg margraves over his Duchy of Pomerania-Demmin, and ceding the terrae Stargard, Wustrow and Beseritz to Brandenburg.

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Treaty of Landin

The Treaty of Landin was signed in Landin, Germany in 1250 between Barnim I of Pomerania-Stettin, the Ascanian margraves Johann I and Otto III of Brandenburg.

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Treaty of Prenzlau

Treaty of Prenzlau or Peace of Prenzlau (Vertrag von Prenzlau, Frieden vo Prenzlau, Vergleich von Prenzlau) may refer to several treaties during a series of wars between the Margraviate of Brandenburg and the Duchy of Pomerania fought for control of Pomerania-Stettin, and possession of the Uckermark in the 15th century.

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Treaty of Soldin (1466)

The Treaty of Soldin (Vertrag von Soldin) was signed on 21 January 1466 at Soldin (now Myślibórz) by the Brandenburgian elector Frederick II and the Pomeranian dukes Eric II and Wartislaw X.Heitz (1995), p.194 It was mediated by the town of Stettin (now Szczecin).

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Treaty of Stettin (1570)

The Treaty of Stettin (Frieden von Stettin, Freden i Stettin, Freden i Stettin) of 13 December 1570, ended the Northern Seven Years' War fought between Sweden and Denmark with her internally fragmented alliance of Lübeck and Poland.

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Treaty of Stettin (1630)

The Treaty of Stettin (Traktaten or Fördraget i Stettin) or Alliance of Stettin (Stettiner Allianz) was the legal framework for the occupation of the Duchy of Pomerania by the Swedish Empire during the Thirty Years' War.

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Treaty of Stettin (1653)

The Treaty of Stettin (Grenzrezeß von Stettin) of 4 May 1653Heitz (1995), p.232 settled a dispute between Brandenburg and Sweden, who both claimed succession in the Duchy of Pomerania after the extinction of the local House of Pomerania during the Thirty Years' War.

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Treaty of Stralsund (1370)

The Treaty of Stralsund (24 May 1370) ended the war between the Hanseatic League and the kingdom of Denmark.

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Treaty of Templin

The Treaty of Templin was concluded on 24/25 November 1317, ending a war between the Margraviate of Brandenburg and Denmark, the latter leading a North German alliance.

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Tribsees

Tribsees is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Rügen district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Trzebiatów

Trzebiatów (Treptow an der Rega) is a town in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland.

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Uckermark

The Uckermark, a historical region in northeastern Germany, straddles the Uckermark District of Brandenburg and the Vorpommern-Greifswald District of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

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Uecker

The Uecker or Ucker is a river in the northeastern German states of Brandenburg, where it is known as the Ucker, and of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

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Ueckermünde

Ueckermünde is a seaport town in northeast Germany, located in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald, Western Pomerania, near Germany's border with Poland's Police County.

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Ueckermünde Heath

Ueckermünde Heath (Ueckermünder Heide, Puszcza Wkrzańska) is a large area of forest and heath, 1,000 km² in area, in North Eastern Germany on the Oder river and the Szczecin Lagoon.

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Union of Krewo

In a strict sense, the Union of Krewo or "Act of Krėva" (also spelled "Union of Krevo", "Act of Kreva"; Krėvos sutartis) was a set of prenuptial promises made in the Kreva Castle on 14 August 1385 by Jogaila, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in exchange for marriage to the underage reigning Queen Jadwiga of Poland.

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University of Greifswald

The University of Greifswald (Universität Greifswald) is a public research university located in Greifswald, Germany, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

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Upper Saxon Circle

The Upper Saxon Circle (Obersächsischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire, created in 1512.

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Usedom

Usedom (Usedom, Uznam) is a Baltic Sea island in Pomerania, divided since 1945 between Germany and Poland.

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Usedom (town)

Usedom (also Stadt Usedom or Usedom Town) is a town on Usedom Island, in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Usedom Abbey

Usedom Abbey (Kloster Usedom) was a medieval Premonstratensian monastery on the isle of Usedom (Western Pomerania, Germany) near the town of Usedom.

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Valdemar I of Denmark

Valdemar I of Denmark (14 January 1131 – 12 May 1182), also known as Valdemar the Great (Valdemar den Store), was King of Denmark from 1146 until his death in 1182.

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Valdemar II of Denmark

Valdemar II (9 May 117028 March 1241), called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror (Valdemar Sejr), was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241.

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Valdemar III of Denmark

Valdemar III (1314–1364) was king of Denmark from 1326 to 1329, while he was underage; he was also Duke of Schleswig as Valdemar V in 1325–26 and from 1330 to 1364.

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Valdemar IV of Denmark

Valdemar IV Atterdag (the epithet meaning "A New Dawn"), or Waldemar (132024 October 1375; Valdemar Atterdag), was King of Denmark from 1340 to 1375.

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Völschow

Völschow is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Victual Brothers

The Victual Brothers (Vitalienbrüder) were a loosely organized guild of privateers who later turned to piracy.

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Vitslav II, Prince of Rügen

Vitslav II (c. 1240 – 1302), variously called Vislav, Vizlav, Wislaw, Wizlaw and Witslaw in English sources (Wizlaw II) was a prince of Rügen.

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Vitslav III, Prince of Rügen

Vitslav III (1265/8–1325), variously called Vislav, Vizlav, Wislaw, Wizlaw and Witslaw in English sources, was the last Slavic ruler of the Danish Principality of Rugia.

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Vytautas

Vytautas (c. 1350 – October 27, 1430), also known as Vytautas the Great (Lithuanian:, Вітаўт Кейстутавіч (Vitaŭt Kiejstutavič), Witold Kiejstutowicz, Rusyn: Vitovt, Latin: Alexander Vitoldus) from the 15th century onwards, was a ruler of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which chiefly encompassed the Lithuanians and Ruthenians.

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Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal

Waldemar the Great (Waldemar der Große; – 14 August 1319), a member of the House of Ascania, was Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal from 1308 until his death.

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Warta

The Warta (Polish pronunciation: Warthe; Varta) is a river in western-central Poland, a tributary of the Oder River (Odra).

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Wartislaw I, Duke of Pomerania

Wartislaw I (Warcisław I) (around 1091 – died August 9, 1135) was the first historical ruler of the Duchy of Pomerania and the founder of the Griffin dynasty.

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Wartislaw III, Duke of Pomerania

Wartislaw III (c. 1210 – 17 May 1264) was a Griffin duke of Pomerania-Demmin.

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Wartislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania

Wartislaw IV or Vartislav IV (before 1290 – 1 August 1326) was Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast from 1309 until his death.

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Wartislaw IX, Duke of Pomerania

Duke Wartislaw IX of Pomerania-Wolgast (c. 1400 – 17 April 1457, Wolgast) was the eldest son of the Duke Barnim VI, Duke of Pomerania and Veronica (dynasty of Griffins).

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Wartislaw V, Duke of Pomerania

Wartislaw V. (c. 1 November 1326 – 1390) was a duke of Pomerania from the House of Griffins.

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Wartislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania

Wartislaw VI of Pomerania (1345 – 13 June 1394) was a member of the House of Griffins.

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Wartislaw VII, Duke of Pomerania

Wartislaw VII (Warcisław VII) (*1363/1365 – † 1394/1395) was one of the Dukes of Pomerania.

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Wartislaw VIII, Duke of Pomerania

Wartislaw VIII (1373 – 20 or 23 August 1415) was a duke of Pomerania from the House of Griffins house.

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Wartislaw X, Duke of Pomerania

Duke Wartislaw X of Pomerania (1435 – 17 December 1478) was the second son of Duke Wartislaw IX of Pomerania and his wife, Sophia of Saxe-Lauenburg.

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Władysław II Jagiełło

Jogaila (later Władysław II JagiełłoHe is known under a number of names: Jogaila Algirdaitis; Władysław II Jagiełło; Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. (c. 1352/1362 – 1 June 1434) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) and then the King of Poland (1386–1434), first alongside his wife Jadwiga until 1399, and then sole King of Poland. He ruled in Lithuania from 1377. Born a pagan, in 1386 he converted to Catholicism and was baptized as Władysław in Kraków, married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. In 1387 he converted Lithuania to Christianity. His own reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, and lasted a further thirty-five years and laid the foundation for the centuries-long Polish–Lithuanian union. He was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the Gediminid dynasty in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572,Anna Jagiellon, the last member of royal Jagiellon family, died in 1596. and became one of the most influential dynasties in late medieval and early modern Central and Eastern Europe. During his reign, the Polish-Lithuanian state was the largest state in the Christian world. Jogaila was the last pagan ruler of medieval Lithuania. After he became King of Poland, as a result of the Union of Krewo, the newly formed Polish-Lithuanian union confronted the growing power of the Teutonic Knights. The allied victory at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, followed by the Peace of Thorn, secured the Polish and Lithuanian borders and marked the emergence of the Polish–Lithuanian alliance as a significant force in Europe. The reign of Władysław II Jagiełło extended Polish frontiers and is often considered the beginning of Poland's Golden Age.

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Wendish Crusade

The Wendish Crusade (Wendenkreuzzug) was a military campaign in 1147, one of the Northern Crusades and a part of the Second Crusade, led primarily by the Kingdom of Germany within the Holy Roman Empire and directed against the Polabian Slavs (or "Wends").

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Wends

Wends (Winedas, Old Norse: Vindr, Wenden, Winden, vendere, vender, Wendowie) is a historical name for Slavs living near Germanic settlement areas.

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Werben (Spreewald)

Werben (Lower Sorbian: Wjerbno) is a municipality in the district of Spree-Neiße, in Brandenburg, Germany.

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Western Pomerania

Western Pomerania, also called Cispomerania or Hither Pomerania (Vorpommern), is the western extremity of the historic region of the duchy, later Province of Pomerania, nowadays divided between the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Poland.

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Westphalia

Westphalia (Westfalen) is a region in northwestern Germany and one of the three historic parts of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.

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Widuchowa, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship

Widuchowa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Busko-Zdrój, within Busko County, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.

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Wittenberg

Wittenberg, officially Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

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Wolgast

Wolgast is a town in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Wolin

Wolin (Wollin,, Pomeranian Wòlin) is the name both of a Polish island in the Baltic Sea, just off the Polish coast, and a town on that island.

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Wolin (town)

Wolin (Wollin) is a town situated on the southern tip of the Wolin island off the Baltic coast of Poland.

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Wusterhusen

Wusterhusen is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Ziethen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Ziethen is a municipality in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Redirects here:

Ducatus Pomeraniae, Duchy of Pomerelia, Duchy of Pomorze, Duchy of pomerania, Herzogtum Pommern, Księstwo Pomorskie, Pomerania (House of Griffins), Pomerania-Stettin, Pomerania-Wolgast.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania

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