Human rights in Russia

As a successor to the Soviet Union the Russian Federation remains bound by such human rights instruments, adopted by the USSR, as the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (fully). ^[1]

246 relations: Acquittal, Agnes Callamard, Alexander Litvinenko, Alexander Nikitin, Alexander Temerko, Alexei Navalny, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Amnesty International, Anastasia Baburova, Andrey Sychyov, Anna Politkovskaya, Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Anti-gay purges in Chechnya, Armenia, Assassination, Associated Press, Authoritarianism, Azerbaijan, Álvaro Gil-Robles, BBC News, Bellona Foundation, Bolotnaya Square, Boris Berezovsky (businessman), Boris Nemtsov, Boris Yeltsin, Business Solidarity (NGO), Capital punishment in Russia, Chechnya, Children's rights, Christopher Andrew (historian), Civil and political rights, Civil Assistance, Civil liberties, Civil union, Commissioner for Human Rights, Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, Committee to Protect Journalists, Communist Party of the Russian Federation, Constitution of Russia, Council of Europe, Cruelty, Cynthia Elbaum, David Kaye (law professor), Dedovshchina, Demographics of Russia, Demonstration (protest), Discrimination, Dissident, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Drug-related crime, ..., Duma, Eastern Orthodox Church, Environmental inequality in Europe, Europe-Asia Studies, European Convention on Human Rights, European Court of Human Rights, European Parliament, Extrajudicial killing, Family Code of Russia, Federal Security Service, Federal subjects of Russia, Fergana Valley, First Chief Directorate, Forced disappearance, Forced prostitution, Foreign agent, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Freedom House, Freedom in the World, Freedom of assembly, Freedom of assembly in Russia, Galina Starovoytova, Gangrene, Gayrussia.ru, George Soros, Gil-Robles, Glasnost Defense Foundation, Gleb Yakunin, Grigory Pasko, Gulag, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Human rights, Human rights activists, Human rights in the Soviet Union, Human Rights Watch, Human trafficking, IFEX (organization), Igor Sutyagin, Illiberal democracy, Imprisonment of 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intervention in Ukraine (2014–present), Russian oligarch, Russian Orthodox Church, Russian Public Opinion Research Center, Russian undesirable organizations law, Russian-Chechen Friendship Society, Second Chechen War, Serbsky Center, Sergei Kovalev, Sergei Magnitsky, Sergei Yushenkov, Sexual slavery, Sluggish schizophrenia, Soviet dissidents, Stanislav Markelov, State Duma, Strategy-31, Street children, Stress position, Summary execution, Supian Ependiyev, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, Tajikistan, Targeted killing, Tatarstan, Tatyana Moskalkova, Territorial scope of European Convention on Human Rights, The Christian Science Monitor, The Economist, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Thomas Hammarberg, Torture, TsNIIMash-Export espionage trial, Tuberculosis, Turkmenistan, Union of Councils for Soviet Jews, Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia, United Nations Human Rights Council, United States Department of State, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Uzbekistan, Valentin Danilov, Vasili Mitrokhin, Vil Mirzayanov, Vitaly Arkhangelsky, Vitit Muntarbhorn, Vladimir Gusinsky, Vladimir Kazantsev (athlete), Vladimir Lukin, Vladimir Putin, Vladimir Zhitarenko, Vladislav Surkov, War crime, War in Donbass, Weapon of mass destruction, WikiLeaks, Xenophobia, Yazidis, Yevgenia Albats, Yugoslavia, Yukos, Yuri Budanov, Yuri Shchekochikhin, Zarema Bagavutdinova, 2006 deportation of Georgians from Russia, 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy, 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine, 2014 Winter Olympics. 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Acquittal

In common law jurisdictions, an acquittal certifies that the accused is free from the charge of an offense, as far as the criminal law is concerned.

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Agnes Callamard

Agnès S. Callamard is the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions at the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR).

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Alexander Litvinenko

Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko (p; 30 August 1962 (at WebCite)(at WebCite) (Or 4 December 1962 by father's account – 23 November 2006) was a British naturalised Russian defector and former officer of the Russian FSB secret service who specialised in tackling organised crime. According to US diplomats, Litvinenko coined the phrase Mafia state. In November 1998, Litvinenko and several other FSB officers publicly accused their superiors of ordering the assassination of the Russian tycoon and oligarch Boris Berezovsky. Litvinenko was arrested the following March on charges of exceeding the authority of his position. He was acquitted in November 1999 but re-arrested before the charges were again dismissed in 2000. He fled with his family to London and was granted asylum in the United Kingdom, where he worked as a journalist, writer and consultant for the British intelligence services. During his time in London, Litvinenko wrote two books, Blowing Up Russia: Terror from Within and Lubyanka Criminal Group, wherein he accused the Russian secret services of staging the Russian apartment bombings and other terrorism acts in an effort to bring Vladimir Putin to power. He also accused Putin of ordering the murder in October 2006 of the Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya. On 1 November 2006, Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised in what was established as a case of poisoning by radioactive polonium-210; he died from the poisoning on 23 November. He became the first known victim of lethal polonium 210-induced acute radiation syndrome. The events leading up to this are a matter of controversy, spawning numerous theories relating to his poisoning and death. A British murder investigation pointed to Andrey Lugovoy, a former member of Russia's Federal Protective Service, as the prime suspect. Britain demanded that Lugovoy be extradited, which is against the Constitution of Russia, which directly prohibits extradition of Russian citizens. Russia denied the extradition, leading to the cooling of relations between Russia and the United Kingdom. After Litvinenko's death, his widow, Marina, pursued a vigorous campaign on behalf of her husband through the Litvinenko Justice Foundation. In October 2011, she won the right for an inquest into her husband's death to be conducted by a coroner in London; the inquest was repeatedly set back by issues relating to examinable evidence. A public inquiry began on 27 January 2015, and concluded in January 2016 that Litvinenko's murder was an FSB operation, that was probably personally approved by Vladimir Putin.

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Alexander Nikitin

Alexander Nikitin (Алекса́ндр Константи́нович Ники́тин; born 16 May 1952) is a Russian former submarine officer and nuclear safety inspector turned environmentalist.

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Alexander Temerko

Alexander Temerko is a prominent Ukrainian-born British businessman in the energy sector, currently a director of the UK company Aquind Limited, which is responsible for building a power link between the UK and France.

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Alexei Navalny

Alexei Anatolievich Navalny (Алексе́й Анато́льевич Нава́льный,; born June 4, 1976) is a Russian lawyer and political activist.

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American Association for the Advancement of Science

The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Anastasia Baburova

Anastasia Baburova (Анастасия Эдуардовна Бабурова Anastasia Eduardovna Baburova, Анастасiя Едуардівна Бабурова Anastasia Eduardivna Baburova; 30 November 1983 – 19 January 2009) was a journalist for Novaya Gazeta and a student of journalism at Moscow State University.

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Andrey Sychyov

Andrey Sergeyevich Sychyov (Андре́й Серге́евич Сычёв, also transliterated Sychev or Sychov, born November 24, 1986 in Krasnoturyinsk, Sverdlovsk Oblast) is a former Russian soldier who served in an armored forces academy in Chelyabinsk, Russia.

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Anna Politkovskaya

Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya (p; Га́нна Степа́нівна Політко́вська; née Mazepa; 30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006) was a Russian journalist, writer, and human rights activist who reported on political events in Russia, in particular, the Second Chechen War (1999–2005).

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Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation

The Crimean peninsula was annexed from Ukraine by the Russian Federation in February–March 2014.

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Anti-gay purges in Chechnya

Beginning in February 2017, it has been reported that more than 100 male residents of the Chechen Republic, a part of the Russian Federation, have been abducted, held prisoner and tortured by authorities targeting them based on their perceived sexual orientation.

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Armenia

Armenia (translit), officially the Republic of Armenia (translit), is a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Assassination

Assassination is the killing of a prominent person, either for political or religious reasons or for payment.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.

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Azerbaijan

No description.

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Álvaro Gil-Robles

Álvaro Gil-Robles y Gil-Delgado (born 9 September 1944 in Lisbon, Portugal) is a Spanish jurist and human rights activist.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Bellona Foundation

The Bellona Foundation is an international environmental NGO based in Oslo, Norway.

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Bolotnaya Square

Bolotnaya Square (Болотная площадь, Bolotnaya ploshchad) is a square in the center of Moscow, in Yakimanka District, south of the Moscow Kremlin, between the Moskva River (north) and the Vodootvodny Canal (south).

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Boris Berezovsky (businessman)

Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский, 23 January 1946 – 23 March 2013), aka Platon Elenin, was a Russian business oligarch, government official, engineer and mathematician.

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Boris Nemtsov

Boris Yefimovich Nemtsov (p; 9 October 195927 February 2015) was a Russian physicist and liberal politician.

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Boris Yeltsin

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (p; 1 February 1931 – 23 April 2007) was a Soviet and Russian politician and the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.

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Business Solidarity (NGO)

Business Solidarity (Russian: Бизнес Солидарность) is a Russian NGO, which has received international media coverage for its campaigns against the persecution of businesspeople in Russia, where many such cases have been reported (see Human rights in Russia).

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Capital punishment in Russia

Capital punishment in Russia currently is not allowed.

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Chechnya

The Chechen Republic (tɕɪˈtɕɛnskəjə rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə; Нохчийн Республика, Noxçiyn Respublika), commonly referred to as Chechnya (p; Нохчийчоь, Noxçiyçö), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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Children's rights

Children's rights are the human rights of children with particular attention to the rights of special protection and care afforded to minors.

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Christopher Andrew (historian)

Christopher Maurice Andrew (born 23 July 1941) is an Emeritus Professor of Modern and Contemporary History at the University of Cambridge with an interest in international relations and in particular the history of intelligence services.

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Civil and political rights

Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations, and private individuals.

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Civil Assistance

Civil Assistance was a British far-right movement in the 1970s, purporting to be a non-governmental civil defence group.

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Civil liberties

Civil liberties or personal freedoms are personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge, either by law or by judicial interpretation, without due process.

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Civil union

A civil union, also referred to by a variety of other names, is a legally recognized arrangement similar to marriage.

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Commissioner for Human Rights

The Commissioner for Human Rights is an independent and impartial non-judicial institution established in 1999 by the Strasbourg-based Council of Europe, to promote awareness of and respect for human rights in the 47 member states.

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Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe

The Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe (French: Comité des ministres du Conseil de l'Europe) or commonly the Committee of Ministers (French: Comité des ministres) is the Council of Europe's decision-making body.

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Committee to Protect Journalists

The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) is an American independent non-profit, non-governmental organization, based in New York City, New York with correspondents around the world.

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Communist Party of the Russian Federation

The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (CPRF; Коммунистическая Партия Российской Федерации; КПРФ; Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii, KPRF) is a communist and Marxist–Leninist political party in Russia.

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Constitution of Russia

The current Constitution of the Russian Federation (Конституция Российской Федерации, Konstitutsiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii) was adopted by national referendum on.

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Council of Europe

The Council of Europe (CoE; Conseil de l'Europe) is an international organisation whose stated aim is to uphold human rights, democracy and the rule of law in Europe.

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Cruelty

Cruelty is indifference to suffering or pleasure in inflicting suffering.

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Cynthia Elbaum

Cynthia Elbaum (March 19, 1966 – December 22, 1994) was an American photojournalist, killed in Chechnya.

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David Kaye (law professor)

David Kaye is the current United Nations special rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, a post he has held since August 2014.

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Dedovshchina

Dedovshchina (p; lit. reign of grandfathers) is the informal practice of initiation (hazing) and constant bullying of junior conscripts during their service, formerly to the Soviet Armed Forces and today to the Russian armed forces, Internal Troops, and (to a much lesser extent) FSB Border Guards, as well as the military forces of certain former Soviet Republics.

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Demographics of Russia

The demographics of Russia is about the demographic features of the population of the Russian Federation including population growth, population density, ethnic composition, education level, health, economic status and other aspects.

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Demonstration (protest)

A demonstration or street protest is action by a mass group or collection of groups of people in favor of a political or other cause; it normally consists of walking in a mass march formation and either beginning with or meeting at a designated endpoint, or rally, to hear speakers.

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Discrimination

In human social affairs, discrimination is treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person based on the group, class, or category to which the person is perceived to belong.

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Dissident

A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution.

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Dissolution of the Soviet Union

The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.

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Drug-related crime

In the United States, illegal drugs are related to crime in multiple ways.

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Duma

A duma (дума) is a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.

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Environmental inequality in Europe

Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.

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Europe-Asia Studies

Europe-Asia Studies is an academic peer-reviewed journal published 10 times a year by Routledge on behalf of the Institute of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow, and continuing (since vol. 45, 1993) the journal Soviet Studies (vols. 1-44, 1949–1992), which was renamed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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European Convention on Human Rights

The European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (formally the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms) is an international treaty to protect human rights and political freedoms in Europe.

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European Court of Human Rights

The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR; Cour européenne des droits de l’homme) is a supranational or international court established by the European Convention on Human Rights.

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European Parliament

The European Parliament (EP) is the directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU).

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Extrajudicial killing

An extrajudicial killing (also known as extrajudicial execution) is the killing of a person by governmental authorities without the sanction of any judicial proceeding or legal process.

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Family Code of Russia

The Family Code of Russia (Семейный кодекс Российской Федерации, abbreviated as СК РФ) is the prime source of family law in the Russian Federation.

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Federal Security Service

The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB; fʲɪdʲɪˈralʲnəjə ˈsluʐbə bʲɪzɐˈpasnəstʲɪ rɐˈsʲijskəj fʲɪdʲɪˈratsɨjɪ) is the principal security agency of Russia and the main successor agency to the USSR's Committee of State Security (KGB).

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Federal subjects of Russia

The federal subjects of Russia, also referred to as the subjects of the Russian Federation (субъекты Российской Федерации subyekty Rossiyskoy Federatsii) or simply as the subjects of the federation (субъекты федерации subyekty federatsii), are the constituent entities of Russia, its top-level political divisions according to the Constitution of Russia.

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Fergana Valley

The Fergana Valley (alternatively Farghana or Ferghana; Farg‘ona vodiysi, Фарғона водийси, فەرغانە ۉادىيسى; Фергана өрөөнү, Ferğana öröönü, فەرعانا ۅرۅۅنۉ; Водии Фарғона, Vodiyi Farğona / Vodiji Farƣona; Ферганская долина, Ferganskaja dolina; وادی فرغانه., Vâdiye Ferqâna; Фыйрганна Пенды, Xiao'erjing: فِ عَر قًا نَ پٌ دِ) is a valley in Central Asia spread across eastern Uzbekistan, southern Kyrgyzstan and northern Tajikistan.

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First Chief Directorate

The First Main Directorate (or First Chief Directorate, Russian: Первое главное управление, Pervoye glavnoye upravleniye) of the Committee for State Security under the USSR council of ministers (PGU KGB) was the organization responsible for foreign operations and intelligence activities by providing for the training and management of covert agents, intelligence collection administration, and the acquisition of foreign and domestic political, scientific and technical intelligence in the Soviet Union.

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Forced disappearance

In international human rights law, a forced disappearance (or enforced disappearance) occurs when a person is secretly abducted or imprisoned by a state or political organization or by a third party with the authorization, support, or acquiescence of a state or political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge the person's fate and whereabouts, with the intent of placing the victim outside the protection of the law.

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Forced prostitution

Forced prostitution, also known as involuntary prostitution, is prostitution or sexual slavery that takes place as a result of coercion by a third party.

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Foreign agent

A foreign agent is anyone who actively carries out the interests of a foreign country while located in another host country, generally outside the protections offered to those working in their official capacity for a diplomatic mission.

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Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) is a multilateral treaty of the Council of Europe aimed at protecting the rights of minorities.

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Freedom House

Freedom House is a U.S.-based 501(c)(3) U.S. government-funded non-governmental organization (NGO) that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom, and human rights.

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Freedom in the World

Freedom in the World is a yearly survey and report by the U.S.-based non-governmental organization Freedom House that measures the degree of civil liberties and political rights in every nation and significant related and disputed territories around the world.

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Freedom of assembly

Freedom of assembly, sometimes used interchangeably with the freedom of association, is the individual right or ability of people to come together and collectively express, promote, pursue, and defend their collective or shared ideas.

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Freedom of assembly in Russia

Freedom of assembly in the Russian Federation is granted by Art.

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Galina Starovoytova

Galina Vasilyevna Starovoitova (Гали́на Васи́льевна Старово́йтова; 17 May 1946, in Chelyabinsk – 20 November 1998, in St Petersburg) was a Soviet dissident, Russian politician and ethnographer known for her work to protect ethnic minorities and promote democratic reforms in Russia.

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Gangrene

Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply.

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Gayrussia.ru

Gayrussia.ru is an LGBT rights organization based in Moscow, Russia.

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George Soros

George Soros, Hon (Soros György,; born György Schwartz; August 12, 1930) is a Hungarian-American investor, business magnate, philanthropist, political activist and author.

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Gil-Robles

Gil-Robles is the surname of.

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Glasnost Defense Foundation

Glasnost Defense Foundation is a non-profit organization with the stated goals of the defense of journalists, journalism, and freedom of expression in Russia.

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Gleb Yakunin

Gleb Pavlovich Yakunin (Глеб Па́влович Яку́нин; 4 March 1936 – 25 December 2014) was a Russian priest and dissident, who fought for the principle of freedom of conscience in the Soviet Union.

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Grigory Pasko

Grigory Mikhailovich Pasko (Григо́рий Миха́йлович Пасько, born 1962, Kreshchenovka, Ukraine) is a Russian journalist, former officer of the Russian Navy, Amnesty International-designated prisoner of conscience, and founding editor of Ecology and Law, an environmental and citizens' rights magazine.

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Gulag

The Gulag (ГУЛАГ, acronym of Главное управление лагерей и мест заключения, "Main Camps' Administration" or "Chief Administration of Camps") was the government agency in charge of the Soviet forced labor camp system that was created under Vladimir Lenin and reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the 1950s.

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Hizb ut-Tahrir

Hizb ut-Tahrir (حزب التحرير Ḥizb at-Taḥrīr; Party of Liberation) is an international, pan-Islamist political organization, which describes its ideology as Islam, and its aim as the re-establishment of the Islamic Khilafah (Caliphate) or Islamic state to resume the Islamic way of life.

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Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.

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Human rights activists

Human rights defenders or human rights activists are people who, individually or with others, act to promote or protect human rights.

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Human rights in the Soviet Union

Human rights in the Soviet Union were severely limited and the entire population was mobilized in support of the state ideology and policies.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Human trafficking

Human trafficking is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others.

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IFEX (organization)

IFEX, formerly the International Freedom of Expression Exchange, is a global network of over 119 independent non-governmental organisations working at the local, national, regional and international level to defend and promote freedom of expression as a fundamental human right.

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Igor Sutyagin

Igor Vyacheslavovich Sutyagin (И́горь Вячесла́вович Сутя́гин; born 17 January 1965) is a Russian arms control and nuclear weapons specialist.

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Illiberal democracy

An illiberal democracy, also called a partial democracy, low intensity democracy, empty democracy, or hybrid regime, is a governing system in which, although elections take place, citizens are cut off from knowledge about the activities of those who exercise real power because of the lack of civil liberties.

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Imprisonment of Evgeny Afanasyev and Svyatoslav Bobyshev

Evgeny Vasilyevich Afanasyev (1952-2014) and Svyatoslav Bobyshev (b.1953) were professors at Ustinov Baltic State Technical University.

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Ingushetia

The Republic of Ingushetia (rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə ɪnɡʊˈʂetʲɪjə; Гӏалгӏай Мохк), also referred to as simply Ingushetia, is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), located in the North Caucasus region.

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Institute of Modern Russia

The Institute of Modern Russia (IMR) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan public policy organization—a think tank—headquartered in New York City.

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Intellectual disability

Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability, and mental retardation (MR), is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.

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International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly with resolution 2200A (XXI) on 16 December 1966, and in force from 23 March 1976 in accordance with Article 49 of the covenant.

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International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) is a multilateral treaty adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 16 December 1966, and came in force from 3 January 1976.

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International human rights instruments

International human rights instruments are treaties and other international documents relevant to international human rights law and the protection of human rights in general.

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International Press Institute

International Press Institute (IPI) is a global organisation dedicated to the promotion and protection of press freedom and the improvement of journalism practices.

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International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis

International sanctions were imposed during the Ukrainian crisis by a large number of countries against Russia and Crimea following the Russian military intervention in Ukraine, which began in late February 2014.

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International Society for Krishna Consciousness

The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), known colloquially as the Hare Krishna movement or Hare Krishnas, is a Gaudiya Vaishnava Hindu religious organisation.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity.

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Jewish Autonomous Oblast

The Jewish Autonomous Oblast (Евре́йская автоно́мная о́бласть, Yevreyskaya avtonomnaya oblast; ייִדישע אװטאָנאָמע געגנט, yidishe avtonome GegntIn standard Yiddish: ייִדישע אױטאָנאָמע געגנט, Yidishe Oytonome Gegnt) is a federal subject of Russia in the Russian Far East, bordering Khabarovsk Krai and Amur Oblast in Russia and Heilongjiang province in China.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jochen Piest

Jochen Piest was a correspondent for the German newsmagazine Stern.

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Judiciary of Russia

The Judiciary of Russia interprets and applies the law of Russia.

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KGB

The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.

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Kondopoga

Kondopoga (Ко́ндопога; Kondupohju; Kontupohja) is a town and the administrative center of Kondopozhsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located by the northern tip of the Kondopoga Bay of Lake Onega, near the mouth of the Suna River and Kivach Nature Reserve, about from Petrozavodsk.

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Krasnodar Krai

Krasnodar Krai (p) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai), located in the North Caucasus region in Southern Russia and administratively a part of the Southern Federal District.

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Legal guardian

A legal guardian is a person who has the legal authority (and the corresponding duty) to care for the personal and property interests of another person, called a ward.

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Leonid Nevzlin

Leonid Borisovich Nevzlin (Леонид Борисович Невзлин; לאוניד בוריסוביץ' נבזלין, born 21 September 1959) is a Russian-born Israeli businessman and philanthropist.

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LGBT

LGBT, or GLBT, is an initialism that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender.

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LGBT rights in Russia

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) people in Russia face legal and social challenges not experienced by non-LGBT persons.

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List of journalists killed in Russia

The dangers to journalists in Russia have been well known since the early 1990s but concern over the number of unsolved killings soared after Anna Politkovskaya's murder in Moscow on 7 October 2006.

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London Review of Books

The London Review of Books (LRB) is a British journal of literary essays.

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Louise Arbour

Louise Arbour, (born February 10, 1947) is a Canadian lawyer, prosecutor and jurist.

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Media freedom in Russia

Media freedom in Russia concerns both the ability of directors of mass media outlets to carry out independent policies and the ability of journalists to access sources of information and to work without outside pressure.

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Member of the European Parliament

A Member of the European Parliament (MEP) is a person who has been elected to serve as a popular representative in the European Parliament.

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Memorial (society)

Memorial (Мемориа́л) is a Russian historical and civil rights society that operates in a number of post-Soviet states.

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Meskhetian Turks

Meskhetian Turks also known as Ahiska Turks (მესხეთის თურქები Meskhetis t'urk'ebi) are an ethnic subgroup of Turks formerly inhabiting the Meskheti region of Georgia, along the border with Turkey.

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Mikhail Khodorkovsky

Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (Михаи́л Бори́сович Ходорко́вский,; born 26 June 1963) is an exiled Russian businessman, philanthropist and former oligarch, now resident in Switzerland.

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Mikhail Trepashkin

Mikhail Ivanovich Trepashkin (Михаи́л Ива́нович Трепа́шкин) (born 7 April 1957) is a Moscow attorney and former Federal Security Service (FSB) colonel who was invited by MP Sergei Kovalev to assist in an independent inquiry of the Russian apartment bombings in September 1999 that followed the Dagestan war and were one of the causes of the Second Chechen War.

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Militsiya

Militsiya (mʲɪˈlʲitsɨjə, міліцыя, miilits, միլիցիա, милиция, milicija, milicija, milicja, miliția, milicija/милиција, milica, милитсия, міліція, militsiya or милиция), often confused with militia, was the name of the police forces in the Soviet Union and several Warsaw Pact countries, as well as in the non-aligned SFR Yugoslavia, and the term is still commonly used in some of the individual former Soviet republics such as Belarus, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, as well as in the unrecognized republics of Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Transnistria.

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Russia)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (MOI, Министерство внутренних дел, МВД, Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del, MVD) is the interior ministry of Russia.

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Minority group

A minority group refers to a category of people differentiated from the social majority, those who hold on to major positions of social power in a society.

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Minority language

A minority language is a language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory.

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Mitrokhin Archive

The Mitrokhin Archive is a collection of handwritten notes made secretly by KGB archivist Vasili Mitrokhin during his thirty years as a KGB archivist in the foreign intelligence service and the First Chief Directorate.

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Modus vivendi

Modus vivendi is a Latin phrase that means "mode of living" or “way of life”.

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Moratorium (law)

A moratorium is a delay or suspension of an activity or a law.

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Moscow Helsinki Group

Today the Moscow Helsinki Group (also known as the Moscow Helsinki Watch Group, Моско́вская Хе́льсинкская гру́ппа) is one of Russia's leading human rights organisations.

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Moscow hostage crisis chemical agent

The chemical agent used in the Moscow theatre hostage crisis of 23 October 2002 has never been definitively revealed by the Russian authorities, though many possible identities have been speculated.

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Moscow Pride

Moscow Pride (Russian Московский Гей-Прайд, Moscow Gay Pride) is a demonstration of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender persons (LGBT).

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Movement Against Illegal Immigration

The Movement Against Illegal Immigration (DPNI) (Движение против нелегальной иммиграции — ДПНИ) is a Russian nationalist and anti-Illegal immigration organization.

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Nadezhda Chaikova

Nadezhda Chaikova (Чайкова Надежда) (1963–1996) was a correspondent for the Russian weekly Obshchaya Gazeta.

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Natalya Estemirova

Natalya Khusainovna Estemirova (Ната́лья Хусаи́новна Эстеми́рова; 28 February 1958 – 15 July 2009) was a Russian human rights activist and board member of the Russian human rights organization Memorial.

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Natalya Gorbanevskaya

Natalya Yevgenyevna Gorbanevskaya (a; 26 May 1936, Moscow – 29 November 2013, Paris) was a Russian poet, a translator of Polish literature and a civil-rights activist.

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Neglect

Neglect is a form of abuse where the perpetrator, who is responsible for caring for someone who is unable to care for themselves, fails to do so.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is an American weekly magazine founded in 1933.

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Nikolai Girenko

Nikolai Mikhailovich Girenko (Николай Михайлович Гиренко; October 31, 1940 – June 19, 2004) was an ethnologist and human rights activist.

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Nils Melzer

Professor Nils Melzer is an expert, author and practitioner in the field of international law.

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Nina Yefimova

Nina Yefimova (c. 1971 — May 9, 1996, Russia, Chechnya, Grozny) was a reporter for Vozrozhdeniye ("Revival"), a local Russian language newspaper in the Chechen capital Grozny.

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Novaya Gazeta

Novaya Gazeta (p) is a Russian newspaper well known in its country for its critical and investigative coverage of Russian political and social affairs.

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Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights

The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) is the principal institution of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) dealing with the "human dimension" of security.

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Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (commonly known as the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR)) is a United Nations agency that works to promote and protect the human rights that are guaranteed under international law and stipulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948.

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Oleg Gordievsky

Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky, CMG (Оле́г Анто́нович Гордие́вский; born 10 October 1938) is a former colonel of the KGB and KGB resident-designate (rezident) and bureau chief in London, who was a secret agent of the British Secret Intelligence Service from 1974 to 1985.

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Ombudsman

An ombudsman, ombud, or public advocate is an official who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints of maladministration or a violation of rights.

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization.

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Orphan

An orphan (from the ορφανός orphanós) is someone whose parents have died, unknown, or have permanently abandoned them.

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Orphanage

An orphanage is a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans—children whose biological parents are deceased or otherwise unable or unwilling to take care of them.

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Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe

The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) is the parliamentary arm of the Council of Europe, a 47-nation international organisation dedicated to upholding human rights, democracy and the rule of law.

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Paul Klebnikov

Brent Corley (Павел Юрьевич Хлебников; August 6, 1964 – July 9, 2004) was an American journalist and historian of Russian history.

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Phone call to Putin

Phone Call to Putin (звонок Путину) is a slang term used by some Russian police departments for torture method which consists of administering electric shocks to the person's earlobes.

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Picketing

Picketing is a form of protest in which people (called picketers) congregate outside a place of work or location where an event is taking place.

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Platon Lebedev

Platon Leonidovich Lebedev (Russian: Плато́н Леони́дович Ле́бедев; born 29 November 1956) is a Russian businessman and former CEO of Group Menatep.

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Police station

A police station (sometimes called a "station house" in the US) is a building which serves to accommodate police officers and other members of staff.

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Politics of Russia

The politics of Russia (the Russian Federation) takes place in the framework of a federal semi-presidential republic.

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Polonium

Polonium is a chemical element with symbol Po and atomic number 84.

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Prisoner of conscience

Prisoner of conscience (POC) is a term coined by Peter Benenson in a 28 May 1961 article ("The Forgotten Prisoners") for the London Observer newspaper.

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Prosecutor

A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the common law adversarial system, or the civil law inquisitorial system.

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Psychiatric hospital

Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental hospitals, mental health units, mental asylums or simply asylums, are hospitals or wards specializing in the treatment of serious mental disorders, such as clinical depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder.

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Pussy Riot

Pussy Riot is a Russian feminist protest punk rock group based in Moscow.

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Putin's Russia

Putin's Russia is a political commentary book by the late Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya about life in modern Russia.

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Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty

Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) is a broadcasting organization that broadcasts and reports news, information, and analysis to countries in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and the Middle East where it says that "the free flow of information is either banned by government authorities or not fully developed".

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Ramzan Kadyrov

Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov (p, Къадар Ахьмат-кIант Рамзан Q̇adar Aẋmat-khant Ramzan; born 5 October 1976) is the Head of the Chechen Republic and a former member of the Chechen independence movement.

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Ramzan Mezhidov

Ramzan Mezhidov (1967–1999), was a freelance Chechen cameraman.

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Recognition of same-sex unions in Russia

Russia recognizes neither same-sex marriage nor any other form of civil union for same-sex couples.

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Reporters Without Borders

Reporters Without Borders (RWB), or Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press.

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Republic of Karelia

The Republic of Karelia (rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə kɐˈrʲelʲɪ(j)ə; Karjalan tazavalda; Karjalan tasavalta; Karjalan Tazovaldkund) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), located in the northwest of Russia.

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Roddy Scott

Roddy Scott (23 February 1971 – 26 September 2002) was a British freelance photojournalist who documented neglected conflicts in such places as Sierra Leone, Yemen, Iraq, Afghanistan and Ethiopia.

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Ruben Gallego

Ruben Marinelarena Gallego (born November 20, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for Arizona's 7th congressional district.

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Ruble

The ruble or rouble (p) is or was a currency unit of a number of countries in Eastern Europe closely associated with the economy of Russia.

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Rule of law

The rule of law is the "authority and influence of law in society, especially when viewed as a constraint on individual and institutional behavior; (hence) the principle whereby all members of a society (including those in government) are considered equally subject to publicly disclosed legal codes and processes".

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russia and the United Nations

The Russian Federation succeeded the Soviet Union's seat, including its permanent membership on the Security Council in the United Nations after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.

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Russian Armed Forces

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (r) are the military service of the Russian Federation, established after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Russian foreign agent law

The Russian "foreign agent" law, officially "On Amendments to Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation regarding the Regulation of the Activities of Non-profit Organisations Performing the Functions of a Foreign Agent", is a law in Russia that requires non-profit organizations that receive foreign donations and engage in "political activity" to register and declare themselves as foreign agents.

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Russian mafia

Russian organized crime or Russian mafia, sometimes referred to as Bratva ("brotherhood"), is a collective of various organized crime elements originating in the former Soviet Union.

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Russian military intervention in Ukraine (2014–present)

In February 2014, Russia made several military incursions into Ukrainian territory.

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Russian oligarch

The Russian oligarchs (see the related term "New Russians") are business oligarchs of the former Soviet republics who rapidly accumulated wealth during the era of Russian privatization in the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the 1990s.

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Russian Orthodox Church

The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches, in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox patriarchates.

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Russian Public Opinion Research Center

Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM) (Vsyerossiǐskiǐ tsentr izučenija obščestvennogo mnenija – VTsIOM), established in 1987, known as the "All-Union Center for the Study of Public Opinion" until 1992, is the oldest polling institution in post-Soviet Russia.

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Russian undesirable organizations law

The Russian undesirable organizations law (officially Federal Law of 23.05.2015 N 129-FZ "On amendments of some legislative acts of the Russian Federation"; Федеральный закон от 23.05.2015 № 129-ФЗ "О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации") is a law that was signed by President Vladimir Putin on 23 May 2015 as a follow-up to the 2012 Russian foreign agent law.

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Russian-Chechen Friendship Society

The Russian-Chechen Friendship Society (RCFS) is a Finland-based non-governmental organization monitoring the human rights situation in Chechnya and other parts of the North Caucasus.

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Second Chechen War

Second Chechen War (Втора́я чече́нская война́), also known as the Second Chechen Сampaign (Втора́я чече́нская кампа́ния), was an armed conflict on the territory of Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, also with militants of various Islamist groups, fought from August 1999 to April 2009.

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Serbsky Center

The Serbsky State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry (Госуда́рственный нау́чный центр социа́льной и суде́бной психиатри́и им.) is a psychiatric hospital and Russia's main center of forensic psychiatry.

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Sergei Kovalev

Sergei Adamovich Kovalyov (also spelled Sergey Kovalev; Серге́й Ада́мович Ковалёв; born 2 March 1930, Seredyna-Buda, Ukrainian SSR) is a Russian human rights activist and politician and a former Soviet dissident and political prisoner.

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Sergei Magnitsky

Sergei Leonidovich Magnitsky (Серге́й Леони́дович Магни́тский; 8 April 1972 – 16 November 2009) was a Russian tax accountant who specialized in anti-corruption activities.

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Sergei Yushenkov

Sergei Yushenkov (Серге́й Никола́евич Юшенко́в; 27 June 1950 – 17 April 2003) was a liberal Russian politician known for his campaigning for democracy, rapid free market economic reforms, and higher human rights standards in Russia.

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Sexual slavery

Sexual slavery and sexual exploitation is attaching the right of ownership over one or more persons with the intent of coercing or otherwise forcing them to engage in one or more sexual activities.

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Sluggish schizophrenia

Sluggish schizophrenia or slow progressive schizophrenia (вялотеку́щая шизофрени́я, vyalotekushchaya shizofreniya) was a diagnostic category used in Soviet Union to describe what they claimed was a form of schizophrenia characterized by a slowly progressive course; it was diagnosed even in a patient who showed no symptoms of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, on the assumption that these symptoms would appear later.

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Soviet dissidents

Soviet dissidents were people who disagreed with certain features in the embodiment of Soviet ideology and who were willing to speak out against them.

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Stanislav Markelov

Stanislav Yuryevich Markelov (Станисла́в Ю́рьевич Марке́лов; 20 May 1974 – 19 January 2009) was a Russian human rights lawyer.

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State Duma

The State Duma (r), commonly abbreviated in Russian as Госду́ма (Gosduma), is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia, while the upper house is the Council of the Federation.

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Strategy-31

Strategy-31 (Страте́гия-31) is a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia guaranteed by Article 31 of the Russian Constitution.

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Street children

Street children are children experiencing poverty, homelessness or both, who are living on the streets of a city, town, or village.

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Stress position

A stress position, also known as a submission position, places the human body in such a way that a great amount of weight is placed on just one or two muscles.

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Summary execution

A summary execution is an execution in which a person is accused of a crime and immediately killed without benefit of a full and fair trial.

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Supian Ependiyev

Supian Ependiyev was a veteran correspondent for the independent Chechen weekly Groznensky Rabochy, who was killed while covering a Russian Ground Forces ballistic missile attack on the Chechen capital, Grozny.

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Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation

The Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) is an office-level agency in the federal administration of Switzerland, and a part of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.

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Tajikistan

Tajikistan (or; Тоҷикистон), officially the Republic of Tajikistan (Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhuriyi Tojikiston), is a mountainous, landlocked country in Central Asia with an estimated population of million people as of, and an area of.

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Targeted killing

Targeted killing is defined as a form of assassination based on the presumption of criminal guilt.

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Tatarstan

The Republic of Tatarstan (p; Татарстан Республикасы), or simply Tatarstan, is a federal subject (a republic) of the Russian Federation, located in the Volga Federal District.

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Tatyana Moskalkova

Tatyana Nikolayevna Moskalkova (Татьяна Николаевна Москалькова; born May 30, 1955, Vitebsk, Byelorussian SSR, USSR) is a Russian lawyer, teacher, and politician.

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Territorial scope of European Convention on Human Rights

This table illustrates the extent to which the substantive provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights and its Protocols are ratified (and therefore in force) for territories under the control of the members of the Council of Europe.

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The Christian Science Monitor

The Christian Science Monitor (CSM) is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles in electronic format as well as a weekly print edition.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Thomas Hammarberg

Thomas Hammarberg (born 2 January 1942 in Örnsköldsvik, Sweden) is a Swedish diplomat and human rights defender.

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Torture

Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.

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TsNIIMash-Export espionage trial

The TsNIIMash-Export espionage trial concerned five Russian scientists accused of selling Russian military technology to Chinese spies.

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Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

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Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (or; Türkmenistan), (formerly known as Turkmenia) is a sovereign state in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and east, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south and southwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.

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Union of Councils for Soviet Jews

Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union (UCSJ) is a non-governmental organization that reports on the human rights conditions in countries throughout Eastern Europe and Central Asia, exposing hate crimes and assisting communities in need.

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Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia

The Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia (Союз Комитетов Солдатских Матерей России, Soyuz Komitetov Soldatskikh Materey Rossii) is a Russian NGO, with a stated mission of exposing human rights violations within the Russian military.

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United Nations Human Rights Council

The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.

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Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan, officially also the Republic of Uzbekistan (Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi), is a doubly landlocked Central Asian Sovereign state.

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Valentin Danilov

Valentin Danilov (Валентин Данилов, born 1948) is a Russian physicist, whose research deals with the effect of solar activity on space satellites.

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Vasili Mitrokhin

Vasili Nikitich Mitrokhin (Васи́лий Ники́тич Митро́хин; March 3, 1922 – January 23, 2004) was a major and senior archivist for the Soviet Union's foreign intelligence service, the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, who defected to the United Kingdom in 1992 after providing the British embassy in Riga with a vast collection of KGB files, which became known as the Mitrokhin Archive.

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Vil Mirzayanov

Vil Sultanovich Mirzayanov (Вил Султанович Мирзаянов, Vil Soltan uğlı Mirzacanov; Вил Солтан улы Мирзаҗанов; born 9 March 1935 in Starokangyshevo, Dyurtyulinsky District, Bashkortostan) is a Russian chemist of ethnic Tatar origin who now lives in the United States, best known for revealing secret chemical weapons experimentation in Russia.

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Vitaly Arkhangelsky

Vitaly Dmitrievich Arkhangelsky (born May 23, 1975, Almaty, Kazakhstan) is a Russian entrepreneur with interests in shipping and insurance.

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Vitit Muntarbhorn

Vitit Muntarbhorn is an international human rights expert and professor of law at Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand.

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Vladimir Gusinsky

Vladimir Aleksandrovich Gusinsky (Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Гуси́нский) is a Russian media tycoon.

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Vladimir Kazantsev (athlete)

Vladimir Dmitriyevich Kazantsev (Владимир Дмитриевич Казанцев, 6 January 1923 – 22 November 2007) was a Russian long-distance runner who won a silver medal in the 3000 m steeplechase at the 1952 Olympics.

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Vladimir Lukin

Senator Vladimir Petrovich Lukin (Влади́мир Петро́вич Луки́н, born 13 July 1937, Omsk) is Russian liberal political activist who served as Human Rights Commissioner of Russia from February 2004 to March 2014.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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Vladimir Zhitarenko

Colonel Vladimir Zhitarenko (Владимир Житаренко; June 15, 1942 – January 1, 1995) was a military correspondent for the Russian armed forces daily Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star).

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Vladislav Surkov

Vladislav Yuryevich Surkov (Владислав Юрьевич Сурков) (born 21 September 1964), is a Russian businessman and politician of Chechen descent.

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War crime

A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.

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War in Donbass

The War in Donbass is an armed conflict in the Donbass region of Ukraine.

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Weapon of mass destruction

A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological or other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to a large number of humans or cause great damage to human-made structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the biosphere.

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WikiLeaks

WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organisation that publishes secret information, news leaks, and classified media provided by anonymous sources.

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Xenophobia

Xenophobia is the fear and distrust of that which is perceived to be foreign or strange.

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Yazidis

The Yazidis, or Yezidis (Êzidî), are a Kurdish-speaking people, indigenous to a region of northern Mesopotamia (known natively as Ezidkhan) who are strictly endogamous.

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Yevgenia Albats

Yevgenia Markovna Albats (Евге́ния Ма́рковна Альба́ц, born 5 September 1958, Agentura.ru, referring to another web site., Znamya) is a Russian investigative journalist, political scientist, writer and radio host.

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Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija/Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија; Pannonian Rusyn: Югославия, transcr. Juhoslavija)Jugosllavia; Jugoszlávia; Juhoslávia; Iugoslavia; Jugoslávie; Iugoslavia; Yugoslavya; Югославия, transcr. Jugoslavija.

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Yukos

OJSC "Yukos Oil Company" (ОАО Нефтяна́я Компа́ния Ю́КОС) was an oil and gas company based in Moscow, Russia.

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Yuri Budanov

Yuri Dmitrievich Budanov (p; 24 November 196310 June 2011) was a Russian military officer convicted by a Russian court of kidnapping and murder in Chechnya.

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Yuri Shchekochikhin

Yuri Petrovich Shchekochikhin (p; born 9 June 1950 in (now Ganja, Azerbaijan); died 3 July 2003 in Moscow) was a Russian investigative journalist, writer, and liberal lawmaker in the Russian parliament.

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Zarema Bagavutdinova

Zarema Bagavutdinova (born 1968) was a member of a Dagestan regional human rights group, "Pravozashchita" or “Human Rights Defense." She was imprisoned in July 2013 on charges of recruiting on behalf of an armed Islamic insurgency in the region of Dagestan.

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2006 deportation of Georgians from Russia

The 2006 deportation of Georgians from Russia refers to the deaths, unlawful arrests, expulsions and overall mistreatment of several thousand ethnic Georgians by the Russian government during the 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy.

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2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy

The 2006 Georgian–Russian espionage controversy began when the Government of Georgia arrested four Russian officers on charges of espionage, on September 27, 2006.

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2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

From the end of February 2014, demonstrations by pro-Russian and anti-government groups took place in major cities across the eastern and southern regions of Ukraine, in the aftermath of the Euromaidan movement and the 2014 Ukrainian revolution.

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2014 Winter Olympics

The 2014 Winter Olympics, officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games (Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver) (r) and commonly known as Sochi 2014, was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia, with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony, 6 February 2014.

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Redirects here:

Children's rights in Russia, Human rights abuses in Russia, Human rights in Chechnya, Human rights in russia, Persecution of scientists in Russia, Political freedom in Russia, Political prisoners in Russia, Russia and discrimination of ethnic minorities, Torture in Russia.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia

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