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87 relations: Adenosine triphosphate, Alcohol, Babylonia, Benjamin Cummings, Berliner Weisse, Carbon dioxide, Catalysis, Cellular respiration, Cheesemaking, Chemical process, Chemical structure, China, Competitive advantage, Cuneiform script, Disaccharide, Distillation, Egypt, Enzyme, Epigenetics, Ester, Ethanol, Ethanol fermentation, Eukaryote, Facultative anaerobic organism, Fermentation, Gene, Genghis Khan, Genus, Globalization, Glucose, Hexose, Hunter-gatherer, Hydrocarbon, Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, Justus von Liebig, Kimchi, Kumis, Lactase, Lactase persistence, Lactate dehydrogenase, Lactic acid, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactose, Lactose intolerance, Lambic, Leuconostoc, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, ..., Louis Pasteur, Mare milk, Microorganism, Microscope, Milk, Mitochondrion, Molecule, Mongol Empire, Mongolia, Myocyte, Neolithic Revolution, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, North America, Organic chemistry, Paris, Pastoralism, Pathogen, PH, Phosphoketolase, Population, Probiotic, Pyruvic acid, Rural area, Sauerkraut, Settler society, Sour beer, Starch, Streptococcus thermophilus, Sucrose, Tsagaan Sar, Turkey, University of Lille, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Urban area, Yeast, Yogurt, Yurt. Expand index (37 more) »
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.
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Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a carbon.
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Babylonia
Babylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq).
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Benjamin Cummings
Benjamin Cummings specializes in science and is a publishing imprint of Pearson Education, the world's largest education publishing and technology company, which is part of Pearson PLC, the global publisher and former owner of Penguin Books and the Financial Times.
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Berliner Weisse
Berliner Weisse (German: Berliner Weiße) is a cloudy, sour beer of around 3% alcohol by volume.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.
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Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
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Cheesemaking
Cheesemaking (or caseiculture) is the craft of making cheese, which dates back at least 5,000 years.
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Chemical process
In a scientific sense, a chemical process is a method or means of somehow changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds.
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Chemical structure
A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Competitive advantage
In business, a competitive advantage is the attribute that allows an organization to outperform its competitors.
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Cuneiform script
Cuneiform script, one of the earliest systems of writing, was invented by the Sumerians.
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Disaccharide
A disaccharide (also called a double sugar or bivose) is the sugar formed when two monosaccharides (simple sugars) are joined by glycosidic linkage.
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Distillation
Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene function that do not involve changes in the DNA sequence.
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Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.
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Ethanol
Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.
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Ethanol fermentation
Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Facultative anaerobic organism
The title of this article should be "Facultative Aerobic Organism," as "facultative anaerobe" is a misnomer.
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Fermentation
Fermentation is a metabolic process that consumes sugar in the absence of oxygen.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan or Temüjin Borjigin (Чингис хаан, Çingis hán) (also transliterated as Chinggis Khaan; born Temüjin, c. 1162 August 18, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.
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Genus
A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.
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Globalization
Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies, and governments worldwide.
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Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
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Hexose
In bio-organic chemistry, a hexose is a monosaccharide with six carbon atoms, having the chemical formula C6H12O6.
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Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species.
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Hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
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Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (also Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac; 6 December 1778 – 9 May 1850) was a French chemist and physicist.
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Justus von Liebig
Justus Freiherr von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and was considered the founder of organic chemistry.
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Kimchi
Kimchi (gimchi), a staple in Korean cuisine, is a traditional side dish made from salted and fermented vegetables, most commonly napa cabbage and Korean radishes, with a variety of seasonings including chili powder, scallions, garlic, ginger, and jeotgal (salted seafood).
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Kumis
Kumis (also spelled kumiss or koumiss or kumys, see other transliterations and cognate words below under terminology and etymology - Қымыз, qımız) is a fermented dairy product traditionally made from mare's milk.
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Lactase
Lactase is an enzyme produced by many organisms.
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Lactase persistence
Lactase persistence is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood.
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Lactate dehydrogenase
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH or LD) is an enzyme found in nearly all living cells (animals, plants, and prokaryotes).
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Lactic acid
Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.
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Lactobacillales
Lactobacillales or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an order of Gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod- or coccus-shaped bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria, usually found in decomposing plants and milk products, produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. This trait has, throughout history, linked LAB with food fermentations, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents. Proteinaceous bacteriocins are produced by several LAB strains and provide an additional hurdle for spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, lactic acid and other metabolic products contribute to the organoleptic and textural profile of a food item. The industrial importance of the LAB is further evidenced by their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, due to their ubiquitous appearance in food and their contribution to the healthy microflora of human mucosal surfaces. The genera that comprise the LAB are at its core Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus, as well as the more peripheral Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Sporolactobacillus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella; these belong to the order Lactobacillales.
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Lactobacillus
Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria.
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Lactobacillus acidophilus
Lactobacillus acidophilus (New Latin 'acid-loving milk-bacillus') is a species of gram positive bacteria in the genus Lactobacillus.
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Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus
Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.
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Lactose
Lactose is a disaccharide.
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Lactose intolerance
Lactose intolerance is a condition in which people have symptoms due to the decreased ability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products.
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Lambic
Lambic is a type of beer brewed in the Pajottenland region of Belgium southwest of Brussels and in Brussels itself at the Cantillon Brewery.
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Leuconostoc
Leuconostoc is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family of Leuconostocaceae.
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Leuconostoc mesenteroides
Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a bacterial species sometimes associated with fermentation, under conditions of salinity and low temperatures (such as lactic acid production in fermented sausages).
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Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French biologist, microbiologist and chemist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.
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Mare milk
Mare milk is a milk secreted by female horses, known as mares, during lactation to feed their foals.
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Microorganism
A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.
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Microscope
A microscope (from the μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
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Milk
Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Molecule
A molecule is an electrically neutral group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
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Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Mongolyn Ezent Güren; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монголын эзэнт гүрэн;; also Орда ("Horde") in Russian chronicles) existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history.
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Mongolia
Mongolia (Monggol Ulus in Mongolian; in Mongolian Cyrillic) is a landlocked unitary sovereign state in East Asia.
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Myocyte
A myocyte (also known as a muscle cell) is the type of cell found in muscle tissue.
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Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution, Neolithic Demographic Transition, Agricultural Revolution, or First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly larger population possible.
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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme found in all living cells.
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North America
North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.
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Organic chemistry
Organic chemistry is a chemistry subdiscipline involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, and reactions of organic compounds and organic materials, i.e., matter in its various forms that contain carbon atoms.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.
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Pastoralism
Pastoralism is the branch of agriculture concerned with the raising of livestock.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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PH
In chemistry, pH is a logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.
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Phosphoketolase
In enzymology, a phosphoketolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-xylulose 5-phosphate and phosphate, whereas its 3 products are acetyl phosphate, D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and H2O.
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Population
In biology, a population is all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.
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Probiotic
Probiotics are microorganisms that are claimed to provide health benefits when consumed.
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Pyruvic acid
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH) is the simplest of the alpha-keto acids, with a carboxylic acid and a ketone functional group.
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Rural area
In general, a rural area or countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities.
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Sauerkraut
Sauerkraut is finely cut cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria.
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Settler society
Settler society is a theoretical term in early modern and modern history that describes a common link between modern, predominantly European, attempts to permanently settle in other areas of the world.
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Sour beer
Sour beer is beer which has an intentionally acidic, tart or sour taste.
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Starch
Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds.
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Streptococcus thermophilus
Streptococcus thermophilus also known as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus is a gram-positive bacterium, and a fermentative facultative anaerobe, of the viridans group.
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Sucrose
Sucrose is common table sugar.
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Tsagaan Sar
The Mongolian Lunar New Year, commonly known as Tsagaan Sar (Цагаан сар, Cagán sar /, or literally White Moon)Sagán ħara,; Cahan sar,; Чага-Байрам; Ürüny ıy; Vielgatguovssahasat; Aputtaqqiq; Aputqaqortoq, p, Xiao'erjing: ﭼَﺎقً ﺻَﺎژِ; Dungan: Санган сари, Sangan Sari, is the first day of the year according to the Mongolian lunisolar calendar.
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Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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University of Lille
The University of Lille (French: Université de Lille) is a pluridisciplinary French university located in and around Lille, France.
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University of Wisconsin–Madison
The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, or regionally as UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.
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Urban area
An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment.
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Yeast
Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.
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Yogurt
Yogurt, yoghurt, or yoghourt (or; from yoğurt; other spellings listed below) is a food produced by bacterial fermentation of milk.
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Yurt
A traditional yurt (from the Turkic languages) or ger (Mongolian) is a portable, round tent covered with skins or felt and used as a dwelling by nomads in the steppes of Central Asia.
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Redirects here:
Heterolactic, Homolactic, Lactate fermentation, Lactic fermentation, Lacto-fermentation, Lactofermentation.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactic_acid_fermentation
