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212 relations: Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Abkhaz–Georgian conflict, Abkhazia, Abkhazian Armed Forces, Abkhazian State University, Abkhazians, Aero L-39 Albatros, Airborne forces, AK-47, AK-74, Akhalkalaki, AKM, Alexander Rutskoy, Andrei Kozyrev, Andrei Nekrasov, Anti-aircraft warfare, Anti-tank missile, Antonov An-2, April 9 tragedy, Armenians, Armoured fighting vehicle, Armoured personnel carrier, Ataman, AZP S-60, Bagramyan Battalion, Baltic states, Batumi, BM-21 Grad, BM-27 Uragan, BMD-1, BMD-2, BMP-1, BMP-2, BRDM-2, BTR-152, BTR-60, BTR-70, BTR-80, BTR-D, Budapest, Buk missile system, Chechens, Commonwealth of Independent States, Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus, Cossacks, David Tevzadze, Degtyaryov machine gun, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Kholodov, Dragunov (SVD-63) sniper rifle, ..., DShK, Eduard Shevardnadze, Estonians in Abkhazia, Ethnic cleansing, Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia, F1 grenade (Russia), First Chechen War, Gagra, Gali District, Abkhazia, Geno Adamia, Georgia (country), Georgian Armed Forces, Georgian Civil War, Georgian Orthodox Church, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian–Ossetian conflict, Georgians, Giorgi Karkarashvili, Government of the Republic of Abkhazia, Greeks, Greeks in Georgia, Gudauta, Gujar Kurashvili, Guram Gabiskiria, Human rights, Human Rights Watch, Infantry fighting vehicle, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, Internal Troops of Georgia, Internally displaced person, International Crisis Group, Istanbul, Jaba Ioseliani, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kamani massacre, Kamani, Georgia, KGB, Kodori Valley, Lisbon, Makarov pistol, Mikoyan MiG-29, Mil Mi-17, Mil Mi-2, Mil Mi-24, Mil Mi-26, Mil Mi-6, Mil Mi-8, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Missing person, Mkhedrioni, Mosin–Nagant, MP 40, MT-LB, Nagant M1895, National Guard of Georgia, Norinco CQ, North Caucasus, NSV machine gun, Ochamchira District, OECD, OpenDemocracy, Operation Golden Fleece, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Pavel Grachev, Peacekeeping, Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965, PK machine gun, Politics of Abkhazia, Post-Soviet states, Poti, PPSh-41, PSM pistol, Pușcă Automată model 1986, Raul Eshba, Refugee, RGD-5, RGN hand grenade, Richard Lugar, Rifle, RKG-3 anti-tank grenade, RPD machine gun, RPG-16, RPG-18, RPG-22, RPG-26, RPG-43, RPG-7, RPK, Ruslan Khasbulatov, Russia, Russians, Russo-Circassian War, S-125 Neva/Pechora, S-75 Dvina, Saint George, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Sergei Dbar, Shamil Basayev, Shotgun, SKS, Sochi, Sochi agreement, Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia, Sotnia, Soviet Union, SPG-9, Stechkin automatic pistol, Sukhoi Su-17, Sukhoi Su-25, Sukhoi Su-27, Sukhumi, Sukhumi District, Sukhumi massacre, Sultan Sosnaliyev, Supreme Soviet of Russia, Surface-to-air missile, Svans, T-54/T-55, T-72, Tamaz Nadareishvili, Tbilisi, Tbilisi State University, Tengiz Kitovani, Terrorism, Thermobaric weapon, Time (magazine), Tkvarcheli, Transair Georgia, TT pistol, Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence, United Nations General Assembly, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia, United States Department of State, Vagharshak Kosyan, Vladislav Ardzinba, Yakovlev Yak-52, Zhiuli Shartava, ZSU-23-4, ZU-23-2, Zviad Gamsakhurdia, Zviadists, 122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30), 152 mm gun 2A36, 152 mm howitzer 2A65, 152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20), 1989 Sukhumi riots, 1991–1992 South Ossetia War, 1993 Sukhumi airliner attacks, 2K22 Tunguska, 2S1 Gvozdika, 2S19 Msta, 2S3 Akatsiya, 2S9 Nona, 9K111 Fagot, 9K115 Metis, 9K32 Strela-2, 9K34 Strela-3, 9K35 Strela-10, 9K38 Igla, 9M113 Konkurs, 9M14 Malyutka. Expand index (162 more) »
Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
The Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Абхазская Автономная Советская Социалистическая Республика; აფხაზეთის ავტონომიური საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა; Аҧснытәи Автономтә Советтә Социалисттә Республика), abbreviated as Abkhaz ASSR (Абхазская АССР; აფხაზეთის ასსრ; Аҧснытәи АССР) was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union within the Georgian SSR.
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Abkhaz–Georgian conflict
The Abkhaz–Georgian conflict involves ethnic conflict between Georgians and the Abkhaz people in Abkhazia, a de facto independent, partially recognized republic.
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Abkhazia
Abkhazia (Аҧсны́; აფხაზეთი; p) is a territory on the eastern coast of the Black Sea, south of the Greater Caucasus mountains, in northwestern Georgia.
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Abkhazian Armed Forces
The Abkhazian Armed Forces are the military of Abkhazia.
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Abkhazian State University
The Abkhazian State University is the only university in Abkhazia.
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Abkhazians
Abkhazians or the Abkhaz (Abkhaz: Аҧсуа, Apswa; აფხაზები) are a Northwest Caucasian ethnic group, mainly living in Abkhazia, a disputed region on the Black Sea coast.
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Aero L-39 Albatros
The Aero L-39 Albatros is a high-performance jet trainer developed in Czechoslovakia by Aero Vodochody.
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Airborne forces
Airborne Military parachuting or gliding form of inserting personnel or supplies.
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AK-47
The AK-47, or AK as it is officially known, also known as the Kalashnikov, is a gas-operated, 7.62×39mm assault rifle, developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov.
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AK-74
The AK-74 (Russian: Автомат Калашникова образца 1974 года or "Kalashnikov automatic rifle model 1974") is an assault rifle developed in the early 1970s by Russian designer Mikhail Kalashnikov as the replacement for the earlier AKM (itself a refined version of the AK-47). It uses a smaller 5.45×39mm cartridge, replacing the 7.62×39mm chambering of earlier Kalashnikov-pattern weapons. The rifle first saw service with Soviet forces engaged in the 1979 Afghanistan conflict.Woźniak, Ryszard: Encyklopedia najnowszej broni palnej—tom 1 A-F, page 25. Bellona, 2001. The head of the Afghan bureau of the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence claimed that the CIA paid $5,000 for the first AK-74 captured by the Mujahideen during the Soviet–Afghan War. Presently, the rifle continues to be used by the majority of countries of the former Soviet Union. Additionally, licensed copies were produced in Bulgaria (AK-74, AKS-74 and AKS-74U), and the former East Germany (MPi-AK-74N, MPi-AKS-74N, MPi-AKS-74NK).Cutshaw, Charlie: The New World of Russian Small Arms & Ammo, page 92. Paladin Press, 1998.McNab, Chris: The AK47 (Weapons of War), page 25. Spellmount Publishers, 2001. Besides former Soviet republics and eastern European countries, Mongolia, North Korean Special Forces, and Vietnamese People's Naval infantry use AK-74s.
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Akhalkalaki
Akhalkalaki (ახალქალაქი, for New City (from Georgian ɑxɑli meaning "new" and kʰɑlɑkʰi meaning "city" or "town"); Ախալքալաք; Ahılkelek) is a town in Georgia's southern region of Samtskhe-Javakheti.
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AKM
The AKM is a 7.62mm assault rifle designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov.
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Alexander Rutskoy
Alexander Vladimirovich Rutskoy (p; born 16 September 1947) is a Russian politician and a former Soviet military officer.
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Andrei Kozyrev
Andrey Vladimirovich Kozyrev (Андре́й Влади́мирович Ко́зырев; born 27 March 1951, Brussels, Belgium) was the first Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation under President Boris Yeltsin, in office from October 1991 until January 1996.
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Andrei Nekrasov
Andrei Lvovich Nekrasov (Андре́й Льво́вич Некра́сов; born 1958 in Saint Petersburg) is a Russian film and TV director from Saint Petersburg.
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Anti-aircraft warfare
Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action."AAP-6 They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons).
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Anti-tank missile
An anti-tank missile (ATM), anti-tank guided missile (ATGM), anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon, is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles.
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Antonov An-2
The Antonov An-2 (Russian nickname: "Annushka" or "Annie"; "kukuruznik" - corn crop duster; USAF/DoD reporting name Type 22, NATO reporting name Colt) is a Soviet mass-produced single-engine biplane utility/agricultural aircraft designed and manufactured by the Antonov Design Bureau beginning in 1946.
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April 9 tragedy
The April 9 tragedy (also known as Tbilisi massacre or Tbilisi tragedy) refers to the events in Tbilisi, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, on April 9, 1989, when an anti-Soviet demonstration was dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 21 deaths and hundreds of injuries.
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Armenians
Armenians (հայեր, hayer) are an ethnic group native to the Armenian Highlands.
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Armoured fighting vehicle
An armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) is an armed combat vehicle protected by armour, generally combining operational mobility with offensive and defensive capabilities.
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Armoured personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a type of armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) designed to transport infantry to the battlefield.
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Ataman
Ataman (variants: otaman, wataman, vataman; Russian: атаман, отаман) was a title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds.
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AZP S-60
57 mm AZP S-60 (Автоматическая зенитная пушка С-60, abbrev. АЗП (AZP); literally: Automatic anti-aircraft gun S-60) is a Soviet towed, road-transportable, short- to medium-range, single-barrel anti-aircraft gun from the 1950s.
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Bagramyan Battalion
The Bagramyan Battalion (Բաղրամյանի անվան գումարտակ) was a battalion formed in Abkhazia and predominantly composed of ethnic Armenians living in Abkhazia that fought together with Russia backed separatist Abkhaz forces during the War in Abkhazia (1992–93).
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Baltic states
The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Baltijas valstis, Baltijos valstybės), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign countries in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
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Batumi
Batumi (ბათუმი) is the second-largest city of Georgia, located on the coast of the Black Sea in the country's southwest.
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BM-21 Grad
The BM-21 "Grad" (БМ-21 "Град"), is a Soviet truck-mounted 122 mm multiple rocket launcher.
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BM-27 Uragan
The BM-27 Uragan (Ураган, "hurricane"; GRAU index 9P140) is a self-propelled multiple rocket launcher system designed in the Soviet Union.
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BMD-1
The BMD-1 is a Soviet airborne amphibious tracked infantry fighting vehicle, which was introduced in 1969 and first seen by the West in 1970.
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BMD-2
The BMD-2 is a Soviet airborne infantry fighting vehicle, introduced in 1985.
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BMP-1
The BMP-1 is a Soviet amphibious tracked infantry fighting vehicle.
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BMP-2
The BMP-2 (Boyevaya Mashina Pekhoty,, literally "infantry combat vehicle") is a second-generation, amphibious infantry fighting vehicle introduced in the 1980s in the Soviet Union, following on from the BMP-1 of the 1960s.
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BRDM-2
The BRDM-2 (Boyevaya Razvedyvatelnaya Dozornaya Mashina, Боевая Разведывательная Дозорная Машина, literally "Combat Reconnaissance/Patrol Vehicle") is an amphibious armoured patrol car used by Russia and the former Soviet Union.
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BTR-152
The BTR-152 (also known as BTR-140) was a six-wheeled Soviet armored personnel carrier (БТР, from Бронетранспортер/Bronetransporter, literally "armored transporter"), built on the chassis and drive train of a ZiS-151 utility truck.
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BTR-60
The BTR-60 is the first vehicle in a series of Soviet eight-wheeled armoured personnel carriers (APCs).
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BTR-70
The BTR-70 is an eight-wheeled armored personnel carrier (бронетранспортер/''Bronetransporter'', or literally "Armoured Transporter") originally developed by the Soviet Union during the late 1960s under the manufacturing code GAZ-4905.
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BTR-80
The BTR-80 (бронетранспортер/Bronetransporter, literally "Armoured Transporter") is an 8×8 wheeled amphibious armoured personnel carrier (APC) designed in the USSR.
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BTR-D
The BTR-D is a Soviet airborne multi-purpose tracked armoured personnel carrier which was introduced in 1974 and first seen by the West in 1979 during the Soviet war in Afghanistan.
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Budapest
Budapest is the capital and the most populous city of Hungary, and one of the largest cities in the European Union.
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Buk missile system
The Buk missile system ("Бук"; “beech” (tree)) is a family of self-propelled, medium-range surface-to-air missile systems developed by the Soviet Union and its successor state, the Russian Federation, and designed to counter cruise missiles, smart bombs, fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Chechens
Chechens (Нохчий; Old Chechen: Нахчой Naxçoy) are a Northeast Caucasian ethnic group of the Nakh peoples originating in the North Caucasus region of Eastern Europe.
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Commonwealth of Independent States
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; r), also nicknamed the Russian Commonwealth (in order to distinguish it from the Commonwealth of Nations), is a political and economic intergovernmental organization of nine member states and one associate member, all of which are former Soviet Republics located in Eurasia (primarily in Central to North Asia), formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus
Confederation of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus (Конфедерация горских народов Кавказа) was a militarised political organisation in the Caucasus, active around the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, between 1991 and 1994.
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Cossacks
Cossacks (козаки́, translit, kozaky, казакi, kozacy, Czecho-Slovak: kozáci, kozákok Pronunciations.
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David Tevzadze
David Tevzadze (დავით თევზაძე) (born January 30, 1949) is a retired Georgian lieutenant general who was the country’s Minister of Defense from April 1998 to February 2004.
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Degtyaryov machine gun
The Degtyaryov machine gun (Russian: Пулемёт Дегтярёвa Пехотный Pulemyot Degtyaryova Pekhotny "Degtyaryov's infantry machine gun") or DP-27 is a light machine gun firing the 7.62×54mmR cartridge that was primarily used by the Soviet Union, with service trials starting in 1927 followed by general deployment in 1928.
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Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.
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Dmitry Kholodov
Dmitry Yuryevich Kholodov (Дми́трий Ю́рьевич Хо́лодов; 21 July 1967 – 17 October 1994) was a Russian journalist who investigated corruption in the military and was assassinated on 17 October 1994 in Moscow.
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Dragunov (SVD-63) sniper rifle
The Dragunov sniper rifle (formal Снайперская Винтовка системы Драгунова образца 1963 года Snayperskaya Vintovka sistem'y Dragunova obraz'tsa 1963 goda (SVD-63), officially "Sniper Rifle, System of Dragunov, Model of the Year 1963") is a semi-automatic sniper/designated marksman rifle chambered in 7.62×54mmR and developed in the Soviet Union.
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DShK
The DShK 1938 (ДШК, for Дегтярёва-Шпагина Крупнокалиберный, Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny, "Degtyaryov-Shpagin Large-Calibre") is a Soviet heavy machine gun firing the 12.7×108mm cartridge.
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Eduard Shevardnadze
Eduard Ambrosiyevich Shevardnadze (ედუარდ ამბროსის ძე შევარდნაძე, Eduard Ambrosis dze Šewardnadze; 25 January 1928 – 7 July 2014) was a Georgian politician and diplomat.
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Estonians in Abkhazia
Estonians in Abkhazia are a minority residing in Abkhazia, recognized worldwide as an autonomous region of Georgia but de facto an independent country.
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Ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic or racial groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous.
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Ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia
The ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia,The Guns of August 2008, Russia's War in Georgia, Svante Cornell & Frederick Starr, p 27In Georgia, Tales of Atrocities Lee Hockstander, International Herald Tribune, 22 October 1993On Ruins of Empire: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Former Soviet Union Georgiy I. Mirsky, p. 72 also known as the massacres of Georgians in AbkhaziaChervonnaia, Svetlana Mikhailovna.
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F1 grenade (Russia)
The Soviet F1 hand grenade, is an anti-personnel fragmentation defensive grenade.
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First Chechen War
The First Chechen War (Пе́рвая чече́нская война́), also known as the First Chechen Сampaign (Пе́рвая чече́нская кампа́ния) or First Russian-Chechen war, was a rebellion by the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria against the Russian Federation, fought from December 1994 to August 1996.
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Gagra
Gagra (გაგრა; Abkhaz and Russian: Гагра) is a town in Abkhazia, sprawling for 5 km on the northeast coast of the Black Sea, at the foot of the Caucasus Mountains.
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Gali District, Abkhazia
Gali District is one of the districts of Abkhazia.
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Geno Adamia
Geno Adamia (გენო ადამია) (8 March 1936 – 28 September 1993) was a Georgian military commander who was killed during the war in Abkhazia, Georgia.
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Georgia (country)
Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.
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Georgian Armed Forces
The Georgian Armed Forces (tr) is the name of the unified armed forces of Georgia.
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Georgian Civil War
The Georgian Civil War comprised inter-ethnic and intranational conflicts in the regions of South Ossetia (1988–1992) and Abkhazia (1992–1993), as well as the violent military coup d'état of December 22, 1991 – December 31, 1993, against the first democratically elected President of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia and his subsequent uprising in an attempt to regain power (1993). While the Gamsakhurdia rebellion was eventually defeated, the South Ossetia and Abkhazia conflicts resulted in the de facto secession of both regions from Georgia. As a result, both conflicts have lingered on, with occasional flare-ups.
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Georgian Orthodox Church
The Georgian Apostolic Autocephalous Orthodox Church (საქართველოს სამოციქულო ავტოკეფალური მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია, sakartvelos samotsikulo avt’ok’epaluri martlmadidebeli ek’lesia) is an autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Church in full communion with the other churches of Eastern Orthodoxy.
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Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Georgia, formally the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic (Georgian SSR; tr; Gruzinskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), was one of the republics of the Soviet Union from its inception in 1922 to its breakup in 1991.
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Georgian–Ossetian conflict
The Georgian–Ossetian conflict is an ethno-political conflict over Georgia's former autonomous region of South Ossetia, which evolved in 1989 and developed into a 1991–1992 South Ossetia War.
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Georgians
The Georgians or Kartvelians (tr) are a nation and Caucasian ethnic group native to Georgia.
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Giorgi Karkarashvili
Giorgi (Gia) Karkarashvili (გიორგი ყარყარაშვილი) (born October 31, 1966) is a Georgian politician and retired Major General who served as Georgia's Minister of Defense from May 1993 to March 1994.
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Government of the Republic of Abkhazia
The Government of the Republic of Abkhazia governs the partially recognised Republic of Abkhazia.
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Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.
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Greeks in Georgia
The Greek diaspora in Georgia, which in academic circles is often considered part of the broader, historic community of Pontic Greeks or—more specifically in this region—Caucasus Greeks, is estimated at between 15,000 and 20,000 people to 100,000 (15,166 according to the latest census) down from about 100,000 in 1989.
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Gudauta
Gudauta (გუდაუთა,; Гәдоуҭа, Gwdowtha; Гудаута, Gudauta) is a town in Abkhazia, Georgia and a centre of the eponymous district.
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Gujar Kurashvili
Gujar Kurashvili (გუჯარ ყურაშვილი; born 1 June 1951) is a former Georgian general who was involved in the War in Abkhazia in the 1990s and was accused of plotting a coup d'etat in 1999.
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Guram Gabiskiria
Guram Gabiskiria (გურამ გაბესკირია) (2 March 1947 – 27 September 1993) was a Mayor of Sukhumi who was murdered by Abkhaz separatists during the ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia in 1993.
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Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.
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Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
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Infantry fighting vehicle
An infantry fighting vehicle (IFV), also known as a mechanized infantry combat vehicle (MICV), is a type of armoured fighting vehicle used to carry infantry into battle and provide direct-fire support.
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Institute for War and Peace Reporting
Institute for War & Peace Reporting (or IWPR for short) is an independent not-for profit organisation that works with media and civil society to promote positive change in conflict zones, closed societies, and countries in transition around the world.
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Internal Troops of Georgia
The Internal Troops of Georgia (საქართველოს შინაგანი ჯარები, sak'art'velos shinagani jarebi) was the militarized gendarmerie-like force in Georgia from 1991 to 2004.
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Internally displaced person
An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders.
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International Crisis Group
The International Crisis Group (ICG; also simply known as the Crisis Group) is a transnational non-profit, non-governmental organization founded in 1995 that carries out field research on violent conflict and advances policies to prevent, mitigate or resolve conflict.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
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Jaba Ioseliani
Jaba (or Dzhaba) Ioseliani (July 10, 1926 – March 4, 2003) was a Georgian politician, writer, thief-in-law and leader of the paramilitary Mkhedrioni organisation.
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Kabardino-Balkaria
The Kabardino-Balkar Republic (Кабарди́но-Балка́рская Респу́блика, Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika; Kabardian: Къэбэрдей-Балъкъэр Республикэ, Ķêbêrdej-Baĺķêr Respublikê; Karachay-Balkar: Къабарты-Малкъар Республика, Qabartı-Malqar Respublika), or Kabardino-Balkaria (Кабарди́но-Балка́рия, Kabardino-Balkariya), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in the North Caucasus.
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Kamani massacre
The Kamani Massacre took place on July 9, 1993, during the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict.
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Kamani, Georgia
Kamani is a small village in Abkhazia, the disputed the region of Georgia.
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KGB
The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.
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Kodori Valley
The Kodori Valley, also known as the Kodori Gorge (კოდორის ხეობა, Кәыдырҭа), is a river valley in Abkhazia, Georgia's breakaway autonomous republic.
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Lisbon
Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 552,700, Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2.
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Makarov pistol
The Makarov pistol or PM (Пистолет Макарова, Pistolet Makarova, literally Makarov's Pistol) is a Russian semi-automatic pistol.
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Mikoyan MiG-29
The Mikoyan MiG-29 (Микоян МиГ-29; NATO reporting name: Fulcrum) is a twin-engine jet fighter aircraft designed in the Soviet Union.
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Mil Mi-17
The Mil Mi-17 (NATO reporting name: Hip) is a Russian helicopter in production at two factories in Kazan and Ulan-Ude.
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Mil Mi-2
The Mil Mi-2 (NATO reporting name Hoplite) is a small, lightly armored turbine-powered transport helicopter that could also provide close air support when armed with 57 mm rockets and a 23 mm cannon.
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Mil Mi-24
The Mil Mi-24 (Миль Ми-24; NATO reporting name: Hind) is a large helicopter gunship, attack helicopter and low-capacity troop transport with room for eight passengers.
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Mil Mi-26
The Mil Mi-26 (Миль Ми-26, NATO reporting name: Halo) is a Soviet/Russian heavy transport helicopter.
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Mil Mi-6
The Mil Mi-6 (NATO reporting name Hook), given the article number izdeliye 50 and company designation V-6, was a Soviet/Russian heavy transport helicopter that was designed by the Mil design bureau.
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Mil Mi-8
The Mil Mi-8 (Ми-8, NATO reporting name: Hip) is a medium twin-turbine helicopter, originally designed by the Soviet Union, and now produced by Russia.
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Minister of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
This is a list of foreign ministers of Tsardom of Russia, Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, and Russian Federation.
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Missing person
A missing person is a person who has disappeared and whose status as alive or dead cannot be confirmed as his or her location and fate are not known.
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Mkhedrioni
The Mkhedrioni was a paramilitary group and political organisation in the Republic of Georgia, outlawed since 1995 but subsequently reconstituted as the Union of Patriots political party.
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Mosin–Nagant
The 3-line rifle M1891 (трёхлинейная винтовка образца 1891 года, tryokhlineynaya vintovka obraztsa 1891 goda), colloquially known as Mosin–Nagant (винтовка Мосина, ISO 9) is a five-shot, bolt-action, internal magazine–fed, military rifle developed from 1882 to 1891, and used by the armed forces of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union and various other nations.
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MP 40
The MP 40 (Maschinenpistole 40) was a submachine gun chambered for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge.
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MT-LB
The MT-LB (Многоцелевой Тягач Легкий Бронированный, Mnogotselevoy Tyagach Legky Bronirovanny / Multi-Purpose Towing Vehicle Light Armoured) is a Soviet multi-purpose fully amphibious auxiliary armored tracked vehicle, which was first introduced in the 1960s.
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Nagant M1895
The Nagant M1895 Revolver was a seven-shot, gas-seal revolver designed and produced by Belgian industrialist Léon Nagant for the Russian Empire.
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National Guard of Georgia
The National Guard of Georgia (NG, საქართველოს ეროვნული გვარდია, sak'art'velos erovnuli gvardia) is a military structure within the Georgian Armed Forces and has a department status within the Ministry of Defense.
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Norinco CQ
The Type CQ is an unlicensed Chinese variant of the M16 rifle manufactured by Norinco.
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North Caucasus
The North Caucasus (p) or Ciscaucasia is the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Sea of Azov and Black Sea on the west and the Caspian Sea on the east, within European Russia.
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NSV machine gun
The NSV (Russian НСВ Никитина-Соколова-Волкова) is a 12.7mm caliber heavy machine gun of Soviet origin, named after the designers, G. I. Nikitin (Г. И. Никитин), Y. S. Sokolov (Ю. М. Соколов) and V. I. Volkov (В. И. Волков).
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Ochamchira District
Ochamchira District is a district of the partially recognised Abkhazia.
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OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques, OCDE) is an intergovernmental economic organisation with 35 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.
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OpenDemocracy
openDemocracy is a United Kingdom-based political website.
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Operation Golden Fleece
The Operation Golden Fleece (Επιχείρηση Χρυσόμαλλο Δέρας) was a non-combatant evacuation operation carried out by the Hellenic Navy in August 1993 to evacuate over 1,000 native Greeks from Georgia fleeing the War in Abkhazia to Greece.
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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization.
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Pavel Grachev
Pavel Sergeyevich Grachev (Па́вел Серге́евич Грачё́в; 1 January 1948 – 23 September 2012), sometimes transliterated as Grachov, was a Russian Army General and the Defence Minister of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1996; in 1988 he was awarded Hero of the Soviet Union gold star.
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Peacekeeping
Peacekeeping refers to activities intended to create conditions that favour lasting peace.
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Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965
The Pistol Mitralieră model 1963 (abbreviated PM md. 63 or simply md. 63) is an assault rifle patterned after the AKM, and chambered in the 7.62×39mm cartridge.
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PK machine gun
The PK (Пулемёт Калашникова, transliterated as Pulemyot Kalashnikova, or "Kalashnikov's Machinegun"), is a 7.62x54mmR general-purpose machine gun designed in the Soviet Union and currently in production in Russia.
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Politics of Abkhazia
Politics in Abkhazia is dominated by its conflict with Georgia.
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Post-Soviet states
The post-Soviet states, also collectively known as the former Soviet Union (FSU) or former Soviet Republics, are the states that emerged and re-emerged from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in its breakup in 1991, with Russia internationally recognised as the successor state to the Soviet Union after the Cold War.
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Poti
Poti (ფოთი; Mingrelian: ფუთი; Laz: ჶაში/Faşi or ფაში/Paşi) is a port city in Georgia, located on the eastern Black Sea coast in the region of Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti in the west of the country.
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PPSh-41
The PPSh-41 (pistolet-pulemyot Shpagina; Пистолет-пулемёт Шпагина; "Shpagin machine pistol"); is a Soviet submachine gun designed by Georgy Shpagin as a cheap, reliable, and simplified alternative to the PPD-40.
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PSM pistol
The PSM (Pistolet Samozaryadny Malogabaritny, Russian for "compact self-loading pistol") was designed by the Tula Design Bureau in 1969 as a self-defense firearm for law enforcement and military officers of the USSR.
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Pușcă Automată model 1986
The Pușcă Automată model 1986 (Automatic Rifle Model 1986, abbreviated PA md. 86 or simply md. 86) is the standard assault rifle used by the Romanian Military Forces and manufactured in Cugir, Romania by the ROMARM firm, located in Bucharest.
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Raul Eshba
Raul Eshba (Раул Эшба) (1944-1993) was an ethnic Abkhaz politician who was killed in Sukhumi along with Zhiuli Shartava, Guram Gabiskiria, Alexander Berulava and others by Abkhaz separatist rebels during the mass murder of Georgians in Abkhazia on September 27, 1993.
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Refugee
A refugee, generally speaking, is a displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely (for more detail see legal definition).
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RGD-5
The RGD-5 (Ruchnaya Granata Distantsionnaya, English "Hand Grenade Remote"), is a post-World War II Soviet anti-personnel fragmentation grenade, designed in the early 1950s.
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RGN hand grenade
The RGN hand grenade (Ruchnaya Granata Nastupatel'naya, "Hand Grenade Offensive") is an offensive/defensive Soviet fragmentation hand grenade.
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Richard Lugar
Richard Green Lugar (born April 4, 1932) is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from Indiana from 1977 to 2013 as a member of the Republican Party.
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Rifle
A rifle is a portable long-barrelled firearm designed for precision shooting, to be held with both hands and braced against the shoulder for stability during firing, and with a barrel that has a helical pattern of grooves ("rifling") cut into the bore walls.
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RKG-3 anti-tank grenade
RKG-3 is a series of Russian anti-tank hand grenades.
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RPD machine gun
The RPD (Russian: ручной пулемёт Дегтярёва Ruchnoy Pulemyot Degtyaryova, English: Degtyaryov hand-held machine gun) is a 7.62mm light machine gun developed in the Soviet Union by Vasily Degtyaryov for the 7.62×39mm M43 intermediate cartridge.
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RPG-16
The RPG-16 is a handheld anti-tank grenade launcher for anti-tank warfare.
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RPG-18
The RPG-18 Mukha (translit) is a Soviet short-range, disposable light anti-tank rocket launcher.
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RPG-22
The Soviet RPG-22 Netto is a one-shot disposable anti-tank rocket launcher first deployed in 1985, based on the RPG-18 rocket launcher, but firing a larger 72.5 mm fin stabilised projectile.
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RPG-26
The RPG-26 Aglen is a disposable anti-tank rocket launcher developed by the Soviet Union.
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RPG-43
The RPG-43 (for ruchnaya protivotankovaya granata meaning "hand-held anti-tank grenade") was a high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) hand grenade used by the Soviet Union during the Second World War.
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RPG-7
The RPG-7 (РПГ-7) is a portable, reusable, unguided, shoulder-launched, anti-tank rocket-propelled grenade launcher.
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RPK
The RPK (Ruchnoy Pulemyot Kalashnikova, Ручной пулемёт Калашникова or "Kalashnikov hand-held machine gun") is a 7.62×39mm light machine gun of Soviet design, developed by Mikhail Kalashnikov in the late 1950s, parallel with the AKM assault rifle.
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Ruslan Khasbulatov
Ruslan Imranovich Khasbulatov (Русла́н Имранович Хасбула́тов, Хасбола́ти Имра́ни кIант Руслан) (born November 22, 1942) is a Russian economist and politician and the Chairman of Parliament of Russia of Chechen descent who played a central role in the events leading to the 1993 constitutional crisis in the Russian Federation.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russians
Russians (русские, russkiye) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe. The majority of Russians inhabit the nation state of Russia, while notable minorities exist in other former Soviet states such as Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Ukraine and the Baltic states. A large Russian diaspora also exists all over the world, with notable numbers in the United States, Germany, Israel, and Canada. Russians are the most numerous ethnic group in Europe. The Russians share many cultural traits with their fellow East Slavic counterparts, specifically Belarusians and Ukrainians. They are predominantly Orthodox Christians by religion. The Russian language is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, and also spoken as a secondary language in many former Soviet states.
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Russo-Circassian War
The Russo-Circassian War (1763–1864) involved a series of battles and wars in Circassia, the northwestern part of the Caucasus, in the course of the Russian Empire's conquest of the Caucasus.
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S-125 Neva/Pechora
The S-125 Neva/Pechora (С-125 "Нева"/"Печора", NATO reporting name SA-3 Goa) Soviet surface-to-air missile system was designed by Aleksei Mihailovich Isaev to complement the S-25 and S-75.
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S-75 Dvina
The S-75 (Russian: С-75; NATO reporting name SA-2 Guideline) is a Soviet-designed, high-altitude air defence system, built around a surface-to-air missile with command guidance.
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Saint George
Saint George (Γεώργιος, Geṓrgios; Georgius;; to 23 April 303), according to legend, was a Roman soldier of Greek origin and a member of the Praetorian Guard for Roman emperor Diocletian, who was sentenced to death for refusing to recant his Christian faith.
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Secretary-General of the United Nations
The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
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Sergei Dbar
Sergei Dbar was a prominent military leader of Abkhazia.
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Shamil Basayev
Shamil Salmanovich Basayev (Шамиль Басаев, Шамиль Салманович Басаев; 14 January 1965 – 10 July 2006) was a Chechen General militant Islamist and a leader of the Chechen movement.
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Shotgun
A shotgun (also known as a scattergun, or historically as a fowling piece) is a firearm that is usually designed to be fired from the shoulder, which uses the energy of a fixed shell to fire a number of small spherical pellets called shot, or a solid projectile called a slug.
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SKS
The SKS is a Soviet semi-automatic carbine chambered for the 7.62×39mm round, designed in 1943 by Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov.
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Sochi
Sochi (a) is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia.
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Sochi agreement
The Sochi agreement (also known as the Dagomys Agreements (Дагомысские соглашения), official name in Russian: «Cоглашение о принципах мирного урегулирования грузино-осетинского конфликта») was a ceasefire agreement ostensibly marking the end of both the Georgian–Ossetian and Georgian–Abkhazian conflicts, signed in Sochi on June 24, 1992 between Georgia and Russia, the ceasefire with Abkhazia on July 27, 1993.
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Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia
The Socialist Soviet Republic of Abkhazia (SSR Abkhazia) was a short-lived republic within the Caucasus region of the Soviet Union that covered the territory of Abkhazia, and existed from 31 March 1921 to 19 February 1931.
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Sotnia
Sotnia or sotnya (Ukrainian and Cотня, Satnija Satnija) is a military term of Slavic origin.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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SPG-9
The SPG-9 Kopye (Spear) is a tripod-mounted man-portable, 73 millimetre calibre recoilless rifle developed by the Soviet Union.
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Stechkin automatic pistol
The Stechkin automatic pistol or APS (Avtomaticheskiy Pistolet Stechkina.
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Sukhoi Su-17
The Sukhoi Su-17 (NATO reporting name: Fitter) is a Soviet variable-sweep wing fighter-bomber developed from the Sukhoi Su-7.
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Sukhoi Su-25
The Sukhoi Su-25 Grach (Грач (rook); NATO reporting name: Frogfoot) is a single-seat, twin-engine jet aircraft developed in the Soviet Union by Sukhoi.
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Sukhoi Su-27
The Sukhoi Su-27 (Сухой Су-27; NATO reporting name: Flanker) is a twin-engine supermaneuverable fighter aircraft designed by Sukhoi.
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Sukhumi
Sokhumi or Sukhumi (Аҟәа, Aqwa; სოხუმი,; Сухум(и), Sukhum(i)) is a city on the Black Sea coast.
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Sukhumi District
Sukhumi District is one of the districts of Abkhazia, Georgia’s breakaway republic.
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Sukhumi massacre
The Sukhumi massacre took place on September 27, 1993, during and after the fall of Sukhumi into separatist hands in the course of the War in Abkhazia.
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Sultan Sosnaliyev
Sultan Aslambekovich Sosnaliyev (Султан Асламбекович Сосналиев) was a Soviet Army officer of Circassian ethnicity who served as a commander of Abkhaz and allied forces during the War in Abkhazia and as the defence minister of Abkhazia in 1993–1996 and 2005–2007.
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Supreme Soviet of Russia
The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR (Верховный Совет РСФСР, Verkhovnıy Sovet RSFSR), later Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation (Верховный Совет Российской Федерации, Verkhovnıy Sovet Rossiyskoi Federatsii) was the supreme government institution of the Russian SFSR in 1938–1990; in 1990–1993 it was a permanent parliament, elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation). The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR was established as similar structure as the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1938, instead of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK) as the highest organ of power of Russia. In the 1940s, the Supreme Soviet Presidium and the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR were located in the former mansion of counts Osterman (str Delegatskaya, 3), which was later in 1991 given to a museum. The sessions were held in Grand Kremlin Palace. In 1981 the Supreme Soviet was moved to a specially constructed building on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, The House of Soviets. The Supreme Soviet was abolished in October 1993 (after the events of Russia's 1993 constitutional crisis) and replaced by the Federal Assembly of Russia (consists of the Federation Council of Russia and State Duma), whose powers are weaker than Supreme Council ones.
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Surface-to-air missile
A surface-to-air missile (SAM, pronunced), or ground-to-air missile (GTAM, pronounced), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles.
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Svans
The Svans (სვანი, Svani) are an ethnic subgroup of the Georgians (Kartvelians)Stephen F. Jones.
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T-54/T-55
The T-54 and T-55 tanks are a series of Soviet main battle tanks introduced in the years following the Second World War.
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T-72
The T-72 is a Soviet second-generation main battle tank that entered production in 1971.
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Tamaz Nadareishvili
Tamaz Nadareishvili (თამაზ ნადარეიშვილი) (19 July 1954 – 31 August 2004) was a Georgian politician who served as head of the Council of Ministers of Abkhazia, a government-in-exile for the breakaway province.
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Tbilisi
Tbilisi (თბილისი), in some countries also still named by its pre-1936 international designation Tiflis, is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura River with a population of approximately 1.5 million people.
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Tbilisi State University
Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი Ivane Javaxishvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmts'ipo universit'et'i, often shortened to its historical name, Tbilisi State University or TSU), is a public research university established on 8 February 1918 in Tbilisi, Georgia.
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Tengiz Kitovani
Tengiz Kitovani (თენგიზ კიტოვანი) (born June 9, 1938) is a retired Georgian politician and military commander with high-profile involvement in the Georgian Civil War early in the 1990s when he commanded the National Guard of Georgia and served as a Defense Minister until being gradually sidelined by Eduard Shevardnadze who had earlier been invited to lead the nation after a successful coup d'etat launched by Kitovani and his allies against President Zviad Gamsakhurdia.
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Terrorism
Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.
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Thermobaric weapon
A thermobaric weapon is a type of explosive that uses oxygen from the surrounding air to generate a high-temperature explosion, and in practice the blast wave typically produced by such a weapon is of a significantly longer duration than that produced by a conventional condensed explosive.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Tkvarcheli
Tkvarcheli (ტყვარჩელი; Тҟəарчал, Tqwarchal; Ткварчели, Tkvarcheli) is a town in Abkhazia, Georgia.
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Transair Georgia
Transair Georgia was an airline based in Georgia.
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TT pistol
The TT-30 (7,62 mm Samozaryadny Pistolet Tokareva obraztsa 1930 goda, "7.62 mm Tokarev self-loading pistol model 1930", TT stands for Tula-Tokarev) is a Russian semi-automatic pistol.
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Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence
The Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence (Українська Національна Асамблея-Українська Народна Самооборона, УНА-УНСО, UNA-UNSO) is a Ukrainian political organisation seen as far-right in Ukraine and abroad.
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United Nations General Assembly
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée Générale AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the UN.
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United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is a United Nations programme with the mandate to protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities and stateless people, and assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country.
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United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia
The United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) was established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 858 in August 1993 to verify compliance with a 27 July 1993 ceasefire agreement between the Republic of Georgia and forces in Abkhazia with special attention given to the situation in the city of Sukhumi, Georgia.
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United States Department of State
The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.
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Vagharshak Kosyan
Vagharshak Kosyan is an Armenian-Abkhazian military leader and politician.
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Vladislav Ardzinba
don't want to be part of our country, we will simply drive them out.
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Yakovlev Yak-52
The Yakovlev Yak-52 (Яковлев Як-52) is a Soviet primary trainer aircraft which first flew in 1976.
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Zhiuli Shartava
Zhiuli Shartava (March 7, 1944 – September 27, 1993) was a Georgian politician and the Head of the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia who was killed by Abkhaz militants during the ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia in 1993.
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ZSU-23-4
The ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" is a lightly armored Soviet self-propelled, radar guided anti-aircraft weapon system (SPAAG).
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ZU-23-2
The ZU-23-2, also known as ZU-23, is a Soviet towed 23 mm anti-aircraft twin-barreled autocannon.
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Zviad Gamsakhurdia
Zviad Gamsakhurdia (ზვიად გამსახურდია, tr. Zviad K'onst'ant'ines dze Gamsakhurdia; Звиа́д Константи́нович Гамсаху́рдия, tr. Zviad Konstantinovich Gamsakhurdiya; March 31, 1939 – December 31, 1993) was a Georgian politician, dissident, scholar, and writer who became the first democratically elected President of Georgia in the post-Soviet era.
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Zviadists
Zviadists was an informal name given to supporters of the former Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia who was overthrown and died during the Georgian Civil War of 1991–1993.
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122 mm howitzer 2A18 (D-30)
The 122-mm howitzer D-30 (GRAU index 2A18) is a Soviet howitzer that first entered service in the 1960s.
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152 mm gun 2A36
The 2A36 Giatsint-B is a Soviet/Russian towed 152 mm field gun which entered service in 1975.
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152 mm howitzer 2A65
The 2A65 "Msta-B" is a Soviet towed 152.4 mm howitzer.
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152 mm towed gun-howitzer M1955 (D-20)
The 152 mm gun-howitzer M1955, also known as the D-20, (152-мм пушка-гаубица Д-20 обр.) is a manually loaded, towed 152 mm artillery piece, manufactured in the Soviet Union during the 1950s.
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1989 Sukhumi riots
The Sukhumi riot was a riot in Sukhumi, Abkhaz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic, Soviet Union, in July 1989, triggered by an increasing inter-ethnic tensions between the Abkhaz and Georgian communities and followed by several days of street fighting and civil unrest in Sukhumi and throughout Abkhazia.
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1991–1992 South Ossetia War
The 1991–1992 South Ossetian War (also known as the First South Ossetian war) was fought as part of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict between Georgian government forces and ethnic Georgian militia on one side and the forces of South Ossetia and ethnic Ossetian militia who wanted South Ossetia to secede from Georgia and become an independent state on the other.
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1993 Sukhumi airliner attacks
In September, 1993, five Tupolev civilian airliners belonging to Transair Georgia and Orbi Georgian Airways were hit by missiles allegedly fired by separatists in Sukhumi, Abkhazia, Georgia.
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2K22 Tunguska
The 2K22 Tunguska (2К22 "Тунгуска".; Tunguska) is a Russian tracked self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon armed with a surface-to-air gun and missile system.
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2S1 Gvozdika
The 2S1 Gvozdika (2С1 «Гвоздика», "Carnation") is a Soviet self-propelled howitzer based on the MT-LB APC chassis, mounting a 122 mm 2A18 howitzer.
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2S19 Msta
The 2S19 "Msta-S" (Мста, after the Msta River) is a 152.4 mm self-propelled howitzer designed by Russia/Soviet Union, which entered service in 1989 as the successor to the 2S3 Akatsiya.
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2S3 Akatsiya
SO-152 (СО-152) is a Soviet 152.4 mm self-propelled gun developed in 1968.
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2S9 Nona
The 2S9 NONA (Новейшее Орудие Наземной Артилерии - Newest Ordnance of Ground Artillery) is an extremely light-weight self-propelled and air-droppable 120 mm mortar designed in the Soviet Union that entered service in 1981.
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9K111 Fagot
The 9K111 Fagot (Фагот; "bassoon") is a second-generation tube-launched SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union for use from ground or vehicle mounts.
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9K115 Metis
The 9K115 Metis ("mongrel") (NATO reporting name AT-7 Saxhorn) is a man-portable SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union.
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9K32 Strela-2
The 9K32 Strela-2 (Cтрела, "arrow"; NATO reporting name SA-7 Grail) is a man-portable, shoulder-fired, low-altitude surface-to-air missile system (MANPADS) with a high explosive warhead and passive infrared homing guidance.
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9K34 Strela-3
The 9K34 Strela-3 (9К34 «Стрела-3»; arrow) is a man-portable air defence missile system (MANPADS) developed in the Soviet Union as a response to the poor performance of the earlier 9K32 Strela 2 (SA-7 Grail) system.
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9K35 Strela-10
The 9K35 Strela-10 (9К35 «Стрела-10»; arrow) is a highly mobile, visually aimed, optical/infrared-guided, low-altitude, short-range surface-to-air missile system.
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9K38 Igla
The 9K38 Igla (Игла́, "needle", NATO reporting name SA-18 Grouse) is a Russian/Soviet man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM).
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9M113 Konkurs
The 9M113 Konkurs (9М113 «Конкурс»; cognate of Concours; "Contest") is a SACLOS wire-guided anti-tank missile of the Soviet Union.
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9M14 Malyutka
The 9M14 Malyutka (Малютка; "Little one", NATO reporting name: AT-3 Sagger) is a manual command to line of sight (MCLOS) wire-guided anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) system developed in the Soviet Union.
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Redirects here:
1992-1993 Georgian-Abkhaz war, 1992-1993 war in Abkhazia, First War in Abkhazia, War in Abkhazia (1992-1993), War in Abkhazia (1992-93), War in Abkhazia (1992–93).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992–1993)
