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73 relations: Abstraction, Albania, Ancient Greece, Arabic, Archetype, Bagpipes, Bargello, Black Sea, Bow (music), Bulgaria, Byzantine Empire, Calabrian lira, Classical antiquity, Classical kemençe, Constantinople, Cretan lyra, Crete, Croatia, Dalmatia, Dodecanese, Drama, Greece, Drone (music), Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Fiddle, Fingerboard, Florence, Gadulka, Greece, Greek language, Gudok, Gusle, Harp, Iberian Peninsula, Ibn Khordadbeh, Karpathos, Kemençe of the Black Sea, Kemenche, Lijerica, Lira da braccio, List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: 321.321, Lyre, Macedonia (Greece), Major sixth, Medieval music, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Middle Ages, Minor third, Montenegro, Mount Olympus, Octave, ..., Oxford University Press, Pandura, Pear-shaped, Perfect fifth, Perfect fourth, Persian people, Pontic Greeks, Rebab, Rebec, Republic of Macedonia, Serbia, Sound board (music), Sound hole, String (music), String instrument, Talharpa, Thrace, Trade route, Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, Turkey, Turkish language, University of Chicago Press, Veliky Novgorod. Expand index (23 more) »
Abstraction
Abstraction in its main sense is a conceptual process where general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal ("real" or "concrete") signifiers, first principles, or other methods.
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Albania
Albania (Shqipëri/Shqipëria; Shqipni/Shqipnia or Shqypni/Shqypnia), officially the Republic of Albania (Republika e Shqipërisë), is a country in Southeastern Europe.
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Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Archetype
The concept of an archetype appears in areas relating to behavior, modern psychological theory, and literary analysis.
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Bagpipes
Bagpipes are a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag.
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Bargello
The Bargello, also known as the Palazzo del Bargello, Museo Nazionale del Bargello, or Palazzo del Popolo (Palace of the People), is a former barracks and prison, now an art museum, in Florence, Italy.
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Black Sea
The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.
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Bow (music)
In music, a bow is a tensioned stick with hair affixed to it that is moved across some part of a musical instrument to cause vibration, which the instrument emits as sound.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Calabrian lira
The Calabrian lira (lira Calabrese) is a traditional musical instrument characteristic of some areas of Calabria, region in southern Italy.
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Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th or 6th century AD centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world.
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Classical kemençe
The classical kemenche (Turkish: Klasik kemençe) or Armudî kemençe (pear-shaped kemenche) or Politiki lyra (Greek: πολίτικη λύρα, Constantinopolitan Lyre) is a pear-shaped bowed instrument.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.
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Cretan lyra
The Cretan lyra (Κρητική λύρα) is a Greek pear-shaped, three-stringed bowed musical instrument, central to the traditional music of Crete and other islands in the Dodecanese and the Aegean Archipelago, in Greece.
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Crete
Crete (Κρήτη,; Ancient Greek: Κρήτη, Krḗtē) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.
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Croatia
Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.
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Dalmatia
Dalmatia (Dalmacija; see names in other languages) is one of the four historical regions of Croatia, alongside Croatia proper, Slavonia and Istria.
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Dodecanese
The Dodecanese (Δωδεκάνησα, Dodekánisa, literally "twelve islands") are a group of 15 larger plus 150 smaller Greek islands in the southeastern Aegean Sea, off the coast of Asia Minor (Turkey), of which 26 are inhabited.
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Drama, Greece
Drama (Δράμα) is a city and municipality in northeastern Greece in Makedonia.
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Drone (music)
In music, a drone is a harmonic or monophonic effect or accompaniment where a note or chord is continuously sounded throughout most or all of a piece.
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Encyclopædia Britannica Online
Encyclopædia Britannica Online is the website of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. and its Encyclopædia Britannica, with more than 120,000 articles that are updated regularly.
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Fiddle
A fiddle is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin.
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Fingerboard
The fingerboard (also known as a fretboard on fretted instruments) is an important component of most stringed instruments.
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Florence
Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.
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Gadulka
The gadulka (Гъдулка) is a traditional Bulgarian bowed string instrument.
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Greece
No description.
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Gudok
The gudok (гудок), gudochek (гудочек), or hudok (гудïк) is an ancient Eastern Slavic string musical instrument, played with a bow.
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Gusle
The gusle (гусле, гусла, lahuta, lăuta) is a single-stringed musical instrument (and musical style) traditionally used in the Dinarides region of Southeastern Europe.
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Harp
The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard; the strings are plucked with the fingers.
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Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.
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Ibn Khordadbeh
Abu'l-Qasim Ubaydallah ibn Abdallah ibn Khordadbeh (ابوالقاسم عبیدالله ابن خردادبه) (c. 820 – 912 CE), better known as Ibn Khordadbeh or Ibn Khurradadhbih, was the author of the earliest surviving Arabic book of administrative geography.
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Karpathos
Karpathos (Κάρπαθος) is the second largest of the Greek Dodecanese islands, in the southeastern Aegean Sea.
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Kemençe of the Black Sea
The Kemençe of the Black Sea (Turkish: Karadeniz kemençesi, Greek Pontic kemenche or Pontiaki lyra (Ποντιακή λύρα), Laz Çilili (ჭილილი), or Armenian Qamani (Քամանի) is a bottle-shaped bowed lute found in the Black Sea region of Turkey (Pontus), adjacent Armenian and Georgian peopled lands, as well as in Greece. It is also known as the "kementche of Laz". The name kemençe comes from Iranian Music Instrument Kamancheh.
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Kemenche
Kemenche or kemençe is a name used for various types of stringed bowed musical instruments having their origin in the Eastern Mediterranean, particularly in Greece, Iran, Turkey, Armenia, and regions adjacent to the Black Sea.
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Lijerica
The lijerica is a musical instrument from the Croatian region of Dalmatia and Croatian parts of eastern Hercegovina.
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Lira da braccio
The lira da braccio (or lyra de bracioMichael Praetorius. Syntagma Musicum Theatrum Instrumentorum seu Sciagraphia Wolfenbüttel 1620) was a European bowed string instrument of the Renaissance.
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List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: 321.321
This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.321 under that system.
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Lyre
The lyre (λύρα, lýra) is a string instrument known for its use in Greek classical antiquity and later periods.
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Macedonia (Greece)
Macedonia (Μακεδονία, Makedonía) is a geographic and historical region of Greece in the southern Balkans.
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Major sixth
In music from Western culture, a sixth is a musical interval encompassing six note letter names or staff positions (see Interval number for more details), and the major sixth is one of two commonly occurring sixths.
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Medieval music
Medieval music consists of songs, instrumental pieces, and liturgical music from about 500 A.D. to 1400.
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Metropolitan Museum of Art
The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the United States.
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Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages (or Medieval Period) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century.
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Minor third
In the music theory of Western culture, a minor third is a musical interval that encompasses three half steps, or semitones.
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Montenegro
Montenegro (Montenegrin: Црна Гора / Crna Gora, meaning "Black Mountain") is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe.
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Mount Olympus
Mount Olympus (Όλυμπος Olympos, for Modern Greek also transliterated Olimbos, or) is the highest mountain in Greece.
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Octave
In music, an octave (octavus: eighth) or perfect octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Pandura
The pandura (πανδοῦρα, pandoura) was an ancient Greek string instrument belonging in the broad class of the lute and guitar instruments.
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Pear-shaped
Pear-shaped is a metaphorical term with several meanings, all in reference to the shape of a (European) pear, i.e. tapering towards the top.
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Perfect fifth
In music theory, a perfect fifth is the musical interval corresponding to a pair of pitches with a frequency ratio of 3:2, or very nearly so.
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Perfect fourth
In classical music from Western culture, a fourth spans exactly four letter names (staff positions), while a perfect fourth (harmonic series) always involves the same interval, regardless of key (sharps and flats) between letters. A perfect fourth is the relationship between the third and fourth harmonics, sounding neither major nor minor, but consonant with an unstable quality (additive synthesis). In the key of C, the notes C and F constitute a perfect fourth relationship, as they're separated by four semitones (C, C#, D, D#, E, F). Up until the late 19th century, the perfect fourth was often called by its Greek name, diatessaron. A perfect fourth in just intonation corresponds to a pitch ratio of 4:3, or about 498 cents, while in equal temperament a perfect fourth is equal to five semitones, or 500 cents. The perfect fourth is a perfect interval like the unison, octave, and perfect fifth, and it is a sensory consonance. In common practice harmony, however, it is considered a stylistic dissonance in certain contexts, namely in two-voice textures and whenever it appears above the bass. If the bass note also happens to be the chord's root, the interval's upper note almost always temporarily displaces the third of any chord, and, in the terminology used in popular music, is then called a suspended fourth. Conventionally, adjacent strings of the double bass and of the bass guitar are a perfect fourth apart when unstopped, as are all pairs but one of adjacent guitar strings under standard guitar tuning. Sets of tom-tom drums are also commonly tuned in perfect fourths. The 4:3 just perfect fourth arises in the C major scale between G and C.
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Persian people
The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group that make up over half the population of Iran.
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Pontic Greeks
The Pontic Greeks, also known as Pontian Greeks (Πόντιοι, Ελληνοπόντιοι, Póntioi, Ellinopóntioi; Pontus Rumları, Karadeniz Rumları, პონტოელი ბერძნები, P’ont’oeli Berdznebi), are an ethnically Greek group who traditionally lived in the region of Pontus, on the shores of the Black Sea and in the Pontic Mountains of northeastern Anatolia.
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Rebab
The rebab (ربابة, rabāb, variously spelled rebap, rabab, rebeb, rababa and rabeba, also known as جوزه jawza or joza in Iraq) is a type of a bowed string instrument so named no later than the 8th century and spread via Islamic trading routes over much of North Africa, the Middle East, parts of Europe, and the Far East.
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Rebec
The rebec (sometimes rebecha, rebeckha, and other spellings, pronounced or) is a bowed stringed instrument of the Medieval era and the early Renaissance era.
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Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia (translit), officially the Republic of Macedonia, is a country in the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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Serbia
Serbia (Србија / Srbija),Pannonian Rusyn: Сербия; Szerbia; Albanian and Romanian: Serbia; Slovak and Czech: Srbsko,; Сърбия.
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Sound board (music)
A sound board, or soundboard, is the surface of a string instrument that the strings vibrate against, usually via some sort of bridge.
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Sound hole
A sound hole is an opening in the body of a stringed musical instrument, usually the upper sound board.
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String (music)
A string is the vibrating element that produces sound in string instruments such as the guitar, harp, piano (piano wire), and members of the violin family.
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String instrument
String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.
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Talharpa
The talharpa, also known as a tagelharpa (tail-hair harp) or the stråkharpa (bowed harp), is a four-stringed bowed lyre from northern Europe.
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Thrace
Thrace (Modern Θράκη, Thráki; Тракия, Trakiya; Trakya) is a geographical and historical area in southeast Europe, now split between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, which is bounded by the Balkan Mountains to the north, the Aegean Sea to the south and the Black Sea to the east.
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Trade route
A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo.
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Trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks
The trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks (Vägen från varjagerna till grekerna, Shlyakh' z varahaw u hreki, Shlyakh iz varyahiv u hreky, Put' iz varjag v greki, Εμπορική οδός Βαράγγων–Ελλήνων) was a medieval trade route that connected Scandinavia, Kievan Rus' and the Eastern Roman Empire.
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Turkey
Turkey (Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti), is a transcontinental country in Eurasia, mainly in Anatolia in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe.
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Turkish language
Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).
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University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the largest and one of the oldest university presses in the United States.
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Veliky Novgorod
Veliky Novgorod (p), also known as Novgorod the Great, or Novgorod Veliky, or just Novgorod, is one of the most important historic cities in Russia, which serves as the administrative center of Novgorod Oblast.
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Byzantine Lyra, Byzantine lira, Lira (instrument), Lyra (Byzantine), Relia.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_lyra
