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Linux kernel

Index Linux kernel

The Linux kernel is an open-source monolithic Unix-like computer operating system kernel. [1]

275 relations: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture, Alan Cox, Amiga, Andrew Morton (computer programmer), Andrew S. Tanenbaum, Andrew Tridgell, Android (operating system), AOL, Apache Subversion, Apple Inc., Application binary interface, Application programming interface, ARM architecture, Assembly language, Balkanization, Bash (Unix shell), Berkeley Software Distribution, Binary blob, BitKeeper, Blue Gene, Bluetooth, Business telephone system, C (programming language), Canonical (company), CBS Interactive, Central processing unit, Chris Wright (programmer), Clang, CNET, COCOMO, Comparison of Linux distributions, Comparison of operating system kernels, Compiler, Completely Fair Scheduler, Compute Node Linux, Computer architecture, Computer science, Computer security, Computer terminal, Con Kolivas, Concurrent Versions System, Context switch, Cooperative Linux, Copy-on-write, Debian, Debian configuration system, DEC Alpha, Demand paging, Denial-of-service attack, Derivative work, ..., Desktop computer, Device driver, Device file, Dice.com, Diff, Digital Equipment Corporation, Digital First Media, Digital rights management, Digital video recorder, Direct Rendering Infrastructure, Direct Rendering Manager, Earliest deadline first scheduling, Egham, Embedded system, End-of-life (product), Engadget, Evolution, Exception handling, Ext3, Ext4, ExtremeTech, Fedora (operating system), FIFO (computing and electronics), File system, Filesystem in Userspace, Finland, Firefox OS, Firmware, Fork (software development), Framingham, Massachusetts, Free and open-source software, Free software, Free Software Foundation, Free Software Foundation Latin America, Freely redistributable software, FTA receiver, Ftrace, FUNET, Gartner, Giant lock, Git, GNU C Library, GNU Compiler Collection, GNU General Public License, GNU Hurd, GNU Project, Google+, Greg Kroah-Hartman, Groklaw, Grsecurity, HarperCollins, Heinz Heise, Hewlett-Packard, HotWired, IA-32, IBM Global Services, IBM mainframe, IBM Personal Computer/AT, Independent software vendor, Industry Standard Architecture, InfiniBand, InfoWorld, INK (operating system), Installed base, Intel, Intel 80386, Intel C++ Compiler, InterMezzo (file system), International Data Corporation, International Data Group, Internet protocol suite, Interrupt, IPhone, IPod, ISACA, JFS (file system), Kernel (operating system), Kernel panic, Kernel same-page merging, Kernel.org, KernelTrap, KGraft, Kpatch, Ksplice, L4Linux, Latency (engineering), Lennart Poettering, Library (computing), Linus Torvalds, Linux, Linux distribution, Linux Foundation, Linux Journal, Linux kernel interfaces, Linux kernel mailing list, Linux kernel oops, Linux on embedded systems, Linux Standard Base, Linux-libre, LLVM, Loadable kernel module, Logical Volume Manager (Linux), Long-term support, Longene, LWN.net, Maemo, Mainframe computer, Meltdown (security vulnerability), Memory management, Memory management unit, Microkernel, Microsoft, MINIX, MIPS architecture, MkLinux, Mm tree, Monolithic kernel, Motorola 68000, Motorola 68000 series, Native POSIX Thread Library, Network File System, Network interface controller, Network-attached storage, New API, Nokia, NTFS, Nvidia, Nvidia Optimus, O'Reilly Media, OSADL, PA-RISC, Patch (computing), PC Card, PC Magazine, Pentium FDIV bug, Personal computer, Phoronix, Physical Address Extension, Plug and play, Porting, Portland, Oregon, POSIX, PowerPC, Preemption (computing), Privilege escalation, Procfs, Proprietary software, Protection ring, Pseudoterminal, Radeon, RAID, Real-time computing, Red Hat, Richard Stallman, Round-robin scheduling, Router (computing), Royalty payment, RTLinux, S&P Global, Sailfish OS, SCHED DEADLINE, SCO Group, Inc. v. Novell, Inc., Security-Enhanced Linux, Self-hosting, Server (computing), Set-top box, Single UNIX Specification, Slackware, Slashdot, Smart TV, Smartphone, Smartwatch, Soft error, Softpedia, Software bug, Software release life cycle, Source lines of code, SPARC, Spectre (security vulnerability), Spinlock, Subroutine, Supercomputer, Symmetric multiprocessing, Sysfs, System call, Tablet computer, TechCrunch, Terabyte, The Salt Lake Tribune, Thread (computing), Tivoization, TOP500, Trademark, Tux (mascot), Ubuntu (operating system), Uniprocessor system, United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, University of Helsinki, Unix-like, Usage share of operating systems, USB, Usenet, Usenet newsgroup, User space, User-mode Linux, Version control, Video display controller, Video4Linux, Virtual memory, VU University Amsterdam, Webcam, WebOS, Windows 3.1x, Wireless access point, Wireless network interface controller, Working group, X Window System, X86, X86 assembly language, XFS, Z/Architecture, ZDNet, Ziff Davis, Zswap, 64-bit computing. Expand index (225 more) »

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture

Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) is a software framework and part of the Linux kernel that provides an application programming interface (API) for sound card device drivers.

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Alan Cox

Alan Cox (born 22 July 1968) is a British computer programmer who has been a key figure in the development of Linux.

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Amiga

The Amiga is a family of personal computers introduced by Commodore in 1985.

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Andrew Morton (computer programmer)

Andrew Keith Paul Morton (born 1959) is an Australian software engineer, best known as one of the lead developers of the Linux kernel.

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Andrew S. Tanenbaum

Andrew Stuart Tanenbaum (born March 16, 1944), sometimes referred to by the handle ast, is an American-Dutch computer scientist and professor emeritus of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in the Netherlands.

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Andrew Tridgell

Andrew "Tridge" Tridgell (born 28 February 1967) is an Australian computer programmer.

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Android (operating system)

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

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AOL

AOL (formerly a company known as AOL Inc., originally known as America Online, and stylized as Aol.) is a web portal and online service provider based in New York.

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Apache Subversion

Apache Subversion (often abbreviated SVN, after its command name svn) is a software versioning and revision control system distributed as open source under the Apache License.

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Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.

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Application binary interface

In computer software, an application binary interface (ABI) is an interface between two binary program modules; often, one of these modules is a library or operating system facility, and the other is a program that is being run by a user.

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Application programming interface

In computer programming, an application programming interface (API) is a set of subroutine definitions, protocols, and tools for building software.

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ARM architecture

ARM, previously Advanced RISC Machine, originally Acorn RISC Machine, is a family of reduced instruction set computing (RISC) architectures for computer processors, configured for various environments.

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Assembly language

An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language, in which there is a very strong (but often not one-to-one) correspondence between the assembly program statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.

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Balkanization

Balkanization, or Balkanisation, is a geopolitical term used to describe the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or uncooperative with one another.

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Bash (Unix shell)

Bash is a Unix shell and command language written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell.

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Berkeley Software Distribution

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was a Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995.

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Binary blob

In the context of free and open-source software, a binary blob is a closed-source binary-only piece of software.

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BitKeeper

BitKeeper is a software tool for distributed revision control of computer source code.

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Blue Gene

Blue Gene is an IBM project aimed at designing supercomputers that can reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS (petaFLOPS) range, with low power consumption.

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Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short-wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to 2.485GHz) from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs).

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Business telephone system

A business telephone system is a multiline telephone system typically used in business environments, encompassing systems ranging from small key telephone systems to large-scale private branch exchanges.

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C (programming language)

C (as in the letter ''c'') is a general-purpose, imperative computer programming language, supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope and recursion, while a static type system prevents many unintended operations.

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Canonical (company)

Canonical Ltd. is a UK-based privately held computer software company founded and funded by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth to market commercial support and related services for Ubuntu Linux and related projects.

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CBS Interactive

CBS Interactive Inc. (formerly CBS Digital Media Group) is an American media company and is a division of the CBS Corporation.

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Central processing unit

A central processing unit (CPU) is the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions.

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Chris Wright (programmer)

Chris Wright is a Linux kernel developer and a Principal Software Engineer with Red Hat.

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Clang

Clang is a compiler front end for the programming languages C, C++, Objective-C, Objective-C++, OpenMP, OpenCL, and CUDA.

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CNET

CNET (stylized as c|net) is an American media website that publishes reviews, news, articles, blogs, podcasts and videos on technology and consumer electronics globally.

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COCOMO

The Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO) is a procedural software cost estimation model developed by Barry W. Boehm.

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Comparison of Linux distributions

Technical variations of Linux distributions include support for different hardware devices and systems or software package configurations.

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Comparison of operating system kernels

A kernel is the most fundamental component of a computer operating system.

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Compiler

A compiler is computer software that transforms computer code written in one programming language (the source language) into another programming language (the target language).

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Completely Fair Scheduler

The Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) is a process scheduler which was merged into the 2.6.23 (October 2007) release of the Linux kernel and is the default scheduler.

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Compute Node Linux

Compute Node Linux (CNL) is a runtime environment based on the Linux kernel for the Cray XT3, Cray XT4, Cray XT5, Cray XT6, Cray XE6 and Cray XK6 supercomputer systems based on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.

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Computer architecture

In computer engineering, computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that describe the functionality, organization, and implementation of computer systems.

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Computer science

Computer science deals with the theoretical foundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations.

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Computer security

Cybersecurity, computer security or IT security is the protection of computer systems from theft of or damage to their hardware, software or electronic data, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.

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Computer terminal

A computer terminal is an electronic or electromechanical hardware device that is used for entering data into, and displaying or printing data from, a computer or a computing system.

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Con Kolivas

Con Kolivas is an Australian anaesthetist.

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Concurrent Versions System

The Concurrent Versions System (CVS), also known as the Concurrent Versioning System, is a free client-server revision control system in the field of software development.

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Context switch

In computing, a context switch is the process of storing the state of a process or of a thread, so that it can be restored and execution resumed from the same point later.

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Cooperative Linux

Cooperative Linux, abbreviated as coLinux, is software which allows Microsoft Windows and the Linux kernel to run simultaneously in parallel on the same machine.

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Copy-on-write

Copy-on-write (CoW or COW), sometimes referred to as implicit sharing or shadowing, is a resource-management technique used in computer programming to efficiently implement a "duplicate" or "copy" operation on modifiable resources.

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Debian

Debian is a Unix-like computer operating system that is composed entirely of free software, and packaged by a group of individuals participating in the Debian Project.

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Debian configuration system

debconf is a software utility for performing system-wide configuration tasks on Unix-like operating systems.

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DEC Alpha

Alpha, originally known as Alpha AXP, is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), designed to replace their 32-bit VAX complex instruction set computer (CISC) ISA.

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Demand paging

In computer operating systems, demand paging (as opposed to anticipatory paging) is a method of virtual memory management.

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Denial-of-service attack

In computing, a denial-of-service attack (DoS attack) is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet.

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Derivative work

In copyright law, a derivative work is an expressive creation that includes major copyright-protected elements of an original, previously created first work (the underlying work).

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Desktop computer

A desktop computer is a personal computer designed for regular use at a single location on or near a desk or table due to its size and power requirements.

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Device driver

In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.

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Device file

In Unix-like operating systems, a device file or special file is an interface to a device driver that appears in a file system as if it were an ordinary file.

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Dice.com

Dice.com is a career website based in New York City with primary sales and development operations in Urbandale, Iowa, San Jose, California and Denver.

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Diff

In computing, the diff utility is a data comparison tool that calculates and displays the differences between two files.

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Digital Equipment Corporation

Digital Equipment Corporation, also known as DEC and using the trademark Digital, was a major American company in the computer industry from the 1950s to the 1990s.

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Digital First Media

Digital First Media, formerly MediaNews Group, is a management company specializing in newspapers in the United States.

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Digital rights management

Digital rights management (DRM) is a set of access control technologies for restricting the use of proprietary hardware and copyrighted works.

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Digital video recorder

A digital video recorder (DVR) is an electronic device that records video in a digital format to a disk drive, USB flash drive, SD memory card, SSD or other local or networked mass storage device.

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Direct Rendering Infrastructure

The Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) is a framework for allowing direct access to graphics hardware under the X Window System in a safe, efficient way.

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Direct Rendering Manager

In computing, the Direct Rendering Manager (DRM), a subsystem of the Linux kernel, interfaces with the GPUs of modern video cards.

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Earliest deadline first scheduling

Earliest deadline first (EDF) or least time to go is a dynamic priority scheduling algorithm used in real-time operating systems to place processes in a priority queue.

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Egham

Egham is a Town in the Runnymede borough of Surrey, in the south-east of England.

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Embedded system

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints.

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End-of-life (product)

"End-of-life" (EOL) is a term used with respect to a product supplied to customers, indicating that the product is in the end of its useful life (from the vendor's point of view), and a vendor stops marketing, selling, or rework sustaining it.

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Engadget

Engadget is a multilingual technology blog network with daily coverage of gadgets and consumer electronics.

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Evolution

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Exception handling

Exception handling is the process of responding to the occurrence, during computation, of exceptions – anomalous or exceptional conditions requiring special processing – often changing the normal flow of program execution.

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Ext3

ext3, or third extended filesystem, is a journaled file system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel.

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Ext4

The ext4 or fourth extended filesystem is a journaling file system for Linux, developed as the successor to ext3.

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ExtremeTech

ExtremeTech is a technology weblog about hardware, computer software, science and other technologies which launched in May 2001.

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Fedora (operating system)

Fedora is a Linux distribution developed by the community-supported Fedora Project and sponsored by Red Hat.

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FIFO (computing and electronics)

FIFO is an acronym for first in, first out, a method for organizing and manipulating a data buffer, where the oldest (first) entry, or 'head' of the queue, is processed first.

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File system

In computing, a file system or filesystem controls how data is stored and retrieved.

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Filesystem in Userspace

Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) is a software interface for Unix-like computer operating systems that lets non-privileged users create their own file systems without editing kernel code.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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Firefox OS

Firefox OS (project name: Boot to Gecko, also known as B2G) is a discontinued open-source operating system made for smartphones, tablet computers and smart TVs designed by Mozilla and external contributors.

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Firmware

In electronic systems and computing, firmware is a specific class of computer software that provides the low-level control for the device's specific hardware.

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Fork (software development)

In software engineering, a project fork happens when developers take a copy of source code from one software package and start independent development on it, creating a distinct and separate piece of software.

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Framingham, Massachusetts

Framingham is a city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Free and open-source software

Free and open-source software (FOSS) is software that can be classified as both free software and open-source software.

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Free software

Free software or libre software is computer software distributed under terms that allow users to run the software for any purpose as well as to study, change, and distribute it and any adapted versions.

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Free Software Foundation

The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded by Richard Stallman on 4 October 1985 to support the free software movement, which promotes the universal freedom to study, distribute, create, and modify computer software, with the organization's preference for software being distributed under copyleft ("share alike") terms, such as with its own GNU General Public License.

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Free Software Foundation Latin America

Free Software Foundation Latin America (FSFLA) is the Latin American sister organisation of the Free Software Foundation.

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Freely redistributable software

Freely redistributable software (FRS) is software that anyone is free to redistribute.

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FTA receiver

A free-to-air or FTA Receiver is a satellite television receiver designed to receive unencrypted broadcasts.

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Ftrace

ftrace (abbreviated from Function Tracer) is a tracing framework for the Linux kernel.

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FUNET

FUNET is the Finnish University and Research Network, a backbone network providing Internet connections for Finnish universities and polytechnics as well as other research facilities.

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Gartner

Gartner, Inc. is a global research and advisory firm providing insights, advice, and tools for leaders in IT, Finance, HR, Customer Service and Support, Legal and Compliance, Marketing, Sales, and Supply Chain functions across the world.

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Giant lock

In operating systems, a giant lock, also known as a big-lock or kernel-lock, is a lock that may be used in the kernel to provide concurrency control required by symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems.

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Git

Git is a version control system for tracking changes in computer files and coordinating work on those files among multiple people.

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GNU C Library

The GNU C Library, commonly known as glibc, is the GNU Project's implementation of the C standard library.

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GNU Compiler Collection

The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) is a compiler system produced by the GNU Project supporting various programming languages.

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GNU General Public License

The GNU General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) is a widely used free software license, which guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share and modify the software.

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GNU Hurd

GNU Hurd is the multiserver microkernel written as part of GNU.

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GNU Project

The GNU Project is a free-software, mass-collaboration project, first announced on September 27, 1983 by Richard Stallman at MIT.

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Google+

Google Plus (stylized as Google+) is an Internet-based social network that is owned and operated by Google.

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Greg Kroah-Hartman

Greg Kroah-Hartman (GKH) is a Linux kernel developer.

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Groklaw

Groklaw was a website that covered legal news of interest to the free and open source software community.

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Grsecurity

grsecurity is a set of patches for the Linux kernel which emphasize security enhancements.

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HarperCollins

HarperCollins Publishers L.L.C. is one of the world's largest publishing companies and is one of the Big Five English-language publishing companies, alongside Hachette, Macmillan, Penguin Random House, and Simon & Schuster.

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Heinz Heise

Heinz Heise is a publishing house based in Hanover, Germany.

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Hewlett-Packard

The Hewlett-Packard Company (commonly referred to as HP) or shortened to Hewlett-Packard was an American multinational information technology company headquartered in Palo Alto, California.

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HotWired

Hotwired (1994–1999) was the first commercial web magazine, launched on October 27, 1994.

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IA-32

IA-32 (short for "Intel Architecture, 32-bit", sometimes also called i386) is the 32-bit version of the x86 instruction set architecture, first implemented in the Intel 80386 microprocessors in 1985.

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IBM Global Services

IBM Services is the professional services arm of IBM, made up of business, technology and industry experts who apply advanced technology and help clients design, build and run businesses.

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IBM mainframe

IBM mainframes are large computer systems produced by IBM since 1952.

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IBM Personal Computer/AT

The IBM Personal Computer AT, more commonly known as the IBM AT and also sometimes called the PC AT or PC/AT, was IBM's second-generation PC, designed around the 6 MHz Intel 80286 microprocessor and released in 1984 as System Unit 5170.

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Independent software vendor

An independent software vendor (ISV) is an organization specializing in making and selling software, as opposed to hardware, designed for mass or niche markets.

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Industry Standard Architecture

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) is a retronym term for the 16-bit internal bus of IBM PC/AT and similar computers based on the Intel 80286 and its immediate successors during the 1980s.

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InfiniBand

InfiniBand (abbreviated IB) is a computer-networking communications standard used in high-performance computing that features very high throughput and very low latency.

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InfoWorld

InfoWorld (formerly The Intelligent Machines Journal) is an information technology media business.

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INK (operating system)

INK (for I/O Node Kernel) is the operating system that runs on the input output nodes of the IBM Blue Gene supercomputer.

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Installed base

Installed base (also install base, install user base or just user base) is a measure of the number of units of a product or service that are actually in use, especially software or an Internet or computing platform, as opposed to market share, which only reflects sales over a particular period.

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Intel

Intel Corporation (stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in the Silicon Valley.

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Intel 80386

The Intel 80386, also known as i386 or just 386, is a 32-bit microprocessor introduced in 1985.

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Intel C++ Compiler

Intel C++ Compiler, also known as icc or icl, is a group of C and C++ compilers from Intel available for Windows, Mac, Linux, FreeBSD and Intel-based Android devices.

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InterMezzo (file system)

InterMezzo was a distributed file system written for the Linux kernel, distributed under the GNU General Public License.

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International Data Corporation

International Data Corporation (IDC) is a provider of market intelligence, advisory services, and events for the information technology, telecommunications, and consumer technology markets.

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International Data Group

International Data Group, Inc. (IDG) is a Chinese-owned, American-based media, data and marketing services and venture capital organization.

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Internet protocol suite

The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks.

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Interrupt

In system programming, an interrupt is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.

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IPhone

iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPhone line of products use Apple's iOS mobile operating system software.

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IPod

The iPod is a line of portable media players and multi-purpose pocket computers designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first version was released on October 23, 2001, about months after the Macintosh version of iTunes was released.

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ISACA

ISACA is an international professional association focused on IT governance.

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JFS (file system)

Journaled File System or JFS is a 64-bit journaling file system created by IBM.

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Kernel (operating system)

The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer's operating system, with complete control over everything in the system.

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Kernel panic

A kernel panic (sometimes abbreviated as KP) is a safety measure taken by an operating system's kernel upon detecting an internal fatal error in which it either is unable to safely recover from or cannot have the system continue to run without having a much higher risk of major data loss.

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Kernel same-page merging

In computing, kernel same-page merging (abbreviated as KSM, and also known as kernel shared memory and memory merging) is a kernel feature that makes it possible for a hypervisor system to share identical memory pages amongst different processes or virtualized guests.

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Kernel.org

kernel.org is the main distribution point of source code for the Linux kernel, which is the base of the Linux operating system.

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KernelTrap

KernelTrap was a computing news website which covered topics related to the development of free and open source operating system kernels, and especially, the Linux kernel.

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KGraft

kGraft is a feature of the Linux kernel that implements live patching of a running kernel, which allows kernel patches to be applied while the kernel is still running.

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Kpatch

kpatch is a feature of the Linux kernel that implements live patching of a running kernel, which allows kernel patches to be applied while the kernel is still running.

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Ksplice

Ksplice is an open-source extension of the Linux kernel that allows security patches to be applied to a running kernel without the need for reboots, avoiding downtimes and improving availability (a technique broadly referred to as dynamic software updating).

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L4Linux

L4Linux is a variant of the Linux kernel that is being altered to the extent that it can run virtualized on the L4.

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Latency (engineering)

Latency is a time interval between the stimulation and response, or, from a more general point of view, a time delay between the cause and the effect of some physical change in the system being observed.

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Lennart Poettering

Lennart Poettering (born October 15, 1980) is a German computer free software programmer known for his work on PulseAudio, a sound server; Avahi, an implementation of the zeroconf protocol for network device discovery; and systemd, an alternative to the System V init daemon.

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Library (computing)

In computer science, a library is a collection of non-volatile resources used by computer programs, often for software development.

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Linus Torvalds

Linus Benedict Torvalds (born December 28, 1969) is a Finnish-American software engineer who is the creator, and historically, the principal developer of the Linux kernel, which became the kernel for operating systems such as the Linux operating systems, Android, and Chrome OS.

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Linux

Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel.

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Linux distribution

A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system.

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Linux Foundation

The Linux Foundation (LF) is dedicated to building sustainable ecosystems around open source projects to accelerate technology development and commercial adoption.

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Linux Journal

Linux Journal is a monthly technology magazine published by Linux Journal, LLC.

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Linux kernel interfaces

The Linux kernel provides several interfaces to user-space applications that are used for different purposes and that have different properties by design.

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Linux kernel mailing list

The Linux kernel mailing list (LKML) is the main electronic mailing list for Linux kernel development,Kernel Traffic where the majority of the announcements, discussions, debates, and flame wars over the kernel take place.

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Linux kernel oops

In computing, an oops is a deviation from correct behavior of the Linux kernel, one that produces a certain error log.

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Linux on embedded systems

Operating systems based on the Linux kernel are used in embedded systems such as consumer electronics (i.e. set-top boxes, smart TVs, personal video recorders (PVRs), in-vehicle infotainment (IVI), networking equipment (such as routers, switches, wireless access points (WAPs) or wireless routers), machine control, industrial automation, navigation equipment, spacecraft flight software, and medical instruments in general).

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Linux Standard Base

The Linux Standard Base (LSB) is a joint project by several Linux distributions under the organizational structure of the Linux Foundation to standardize the software system structure, including the filesystem hierarchy used in the Linux operating system.

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Linux-libre

Linux-libre is an operating system kernel and a GNU package.

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LLVM

The LLVM compiler infrastructure project is a "collection of modular and reusable compiler and toolchain technologies" used to develop compiler front ends and back ends.

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Loadable kernel module

In computing, a loadable kernel module (LKM) is an object file that contains code to extend the running kernel, or so-called base kernel, of an operating system.

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Logical Volume Manager (Linux)

In Linux, Logical Volume Manager (LVM) is a device mapper target that provides logical volume management for the Linux kernel.

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Long-term support

Long-term support (LTS) is a type of special versions or editions of software designed to be supported for a longer than normal period.

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Longene

Longene is an operating system kernel intended to be binary compatible with application software and device drivers made for Microsoft Windows and Linux.

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LWN.net

LWN.net is a computing webzine with an emphasis on free software and software for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems.

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Maemo

Maemo is a software platform developed by Nokia for smartphones and Internet tablets.

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Mainframe computer

Mainframe computers (colloquially referred to as "big iron") are computers used primarily by large organizations for critical applications; bulk data processing, such as census, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning; and transaction processing.

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Meltdown (security vulnerability)

Meltdown is a hardware vulnerability affecting Intel x86 microprocessors, IBM POWER processors, and some ARM-based microprocessors.

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Memory management

Memory management is a form of resource management applied to computer memory.

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Memory management unit

A memory management unit (MMU), sometimes called paged memory management unit (PMMU), is a computer hardware unit having all memory references passed through itself, primarily performing the translation of virtual memory addresses to physical addresses.

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Microkernel

In computer science, a microkernel (also known as μ-kernel) is the near-minimum amount of software that can provide the mechanisms needed to implement an operating system (OS).

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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MINIX

MINIX (from "mini-Unix") is a POSIX-compliant (since version 2.0), Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture.

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MIPS architecture

MIPS (an acronym for Microprocessor without Interlocked Pipeline Stages) is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA)Price, Charles (September 1995).

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MkLinux

MkLinux is an open source computer operating system started by the Open Software Foundation Research Institute and Apple Computer in February 1996 to port Linux to the PowerPC platform, and Macintosh computers.

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Mm tree

Among Linux kernel developers, the -mm tree refers to a version of the kernel source code maintained by Andrew Morton.

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Monolithic kernel

A monolithic kernel is an operating system architecture where the entire operating system is working in kernel space and is alone in supervisor mode.

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Motorola 68000

The Motorola 68000 ("'sixty-eight-thousand'"; also called the m68k or Motorola 68k, "sixty-eight-kay") is a 16/32-bit CISC microprocessor, which implements a 32-bit instruction set, with 32-bit registers and 32-bit internal data bus, but with a 16-bit data ALU and two 16-bit arithmetic ALUs and a 16-bit external data bus, designed and marketed by Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector.

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Motorola 68000 series

The Motorola 68000 series (also termed 680x0, m68000, m68k, or 68k) is a family of 32-bit CISC microprocessors.

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Native POSIX Thread Library

The Native POSIX Thread Library (NPTL) is an implementation of the POSIX Threads specification for the Linux operating system.

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Network File System

Network File System (NFS) is a distributed file system protocol originally developed by Sun Microsystems in 1984, allowing a user on a client computer to access files over a computer network much like local storage is accessed.

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Network interface controller

A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter or physical network interface, and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

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Network-attached storage

Network-attached storage (NAS) is a file-level computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients.

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New API

New API (also referred to as NAPI) is an interface to use interrupt mitigation techniques for networking devices in the Linux kernel.

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Nokia

Nokia is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics company, founded in 1865.

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NTFS

NTFS (New Technology File System) is a proprietary file system developed by Microsoft.

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Nvidia

Nvidia Corporation (most commonly referred to as Nvidia, stylized as NVIDIA, or (due to their logo) nVIDIA) is an American technology company incorporated in Delaware and based in Santa Clara, California.

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Nvidia Optimus

Nvidia Optimus is a computer GPU switching technology created by Nvidia which, depending on the resource load generated by client software applications, will seamlessly switch between two graphics adapters within a computer system in order to provide either maximum performance or minimum power draw from the system's graphics rendering hardware.

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O'Reilly Media

O'Reilly Media (formerly O'Reilly & Associates) is an American media company established by Tim O'Reilly that publishes books and Web sites and produces conferences on computer technology topics.

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OSADL

The Open Source Automation Development Lab eG (OSADL) is a German organization intended to promote and coordinate the development of open source software for the machine, machine tool, and automation industry.

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PA-RISC

PA-RISC is an instruction set architecture (ISA) developed by Hewlett-Packard.

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Patch (computing)

A patch is a set of changes to a computer program or its supporting data designed to update, fix, or improve it.

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PC Card

In computing, PC Card is a configuration for computer parallel communication peripheral interface, designed for laptop computers.

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PC Magazine

PC Magazine (shortened as PCMag) is an American computer magazine published by Ziff Davis.

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Pentium FDIV bug

The Pentium FDIV bug was a computer bug that affected the floating point unit (FPU) of the early Intel Pentium processors.

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Personal computer

A personal computer (PC) is a multi-purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and price make it feasible for individual use.

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Phoronix

Phoronix is a technology website that offers insights regarding the development of the Linux kernel, product reviews, interviews, and news regarding free and open-source software by monitoring the Linux kernel mailing list or interviews.

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Physical Address Extension

In computing, Physical Address Extension (PAE), sometimes referred to as Page Address Extension, is a memory management feature for the x86 architecture.

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Plug and play

In computing, a plug and play (PnP) device or computer bus, is one with a specification that facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system without the need for physical device configuration or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.

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Porting

In software engineering, porting is the process of adapting software for the purpose of achieving some form of execution in a computing environment that is different from the one that a given program (meant for such execution) was originally designed for (e.g. different CPU, operating system, or third party library).

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Portland, Oregon

Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County.

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POSIX

The Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) is a family of standards specified by the IEEE Computer Society for maintaining compatibility between operating systems.

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PowerPC

PowerPC (with the backronym Performance Optimization With Enhanced RISC – Performance Computing, sometimes abbreviated as PPC) is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM.

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Preemption (computing)

In computing, preemption is the act of temporarily interrupting a task being carried out by a computer system, without requiring its cooperation, and with the intention of resuming the task at a later time.

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Privilege escalation

Privilege escalation is the act of exploiting a bug, design flaw or configuration oversight in an operating system or software application to gain elevated access to resources that are normally protected from an application or user.

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Procfs

The proc filesystem (procfs) is a special filesystem in Unix-like operating systems that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, providing a more convenient and standardized method for dynamically accessing process data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory.

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Proprietary software

Proprietary software is non-free computer software for which the software's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights—usually copyright of the source code, but sometimes patent rights.

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Protection ring

In computer science, hierarchical protection domains, often called protection rings, are mechanisms to protect data and functionality from faults (by improving fault tolerance) and malicious behaviour (by providing computer security).

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Pseudoterminal

In some operating systems, including Unix, a pseudoterminal, pseudotty, or PTY is a pair of pseudo-devices, one of which, the slave, emulates a real text terminal device, the other of which, the master, provides the means by which a terminal emulator process controls the slave.

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Radeon

Radeon is a brand of computer products, including graphics processing units, random-access memory, RAM disk software, and solid-state drives, produced by Radeon Technologies Group (formerly AMD Vision), a division of Advanced Micro Devices.

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RAID

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks, originally Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both.

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Real-time computing

In computer science, real-time computing (RTC), or reactive computing describes hardware and software systems subject to a "real-time constraint", for example from event to system response.

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Red Hat

Red Hat, Inc. is an American multinational software company providing open-source software products to the enterprise community.

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Richard Stallman

Richard Matthew Stallman (born March 16, 1953), often known by his initials, rms—is an American free software movement activist and programmer.

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Round-robin scheduling

Round-robin (RR) is one of the algorithms employed by process and network schedulers in computing.

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Router (computing)

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

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Royalty payment

A royalty is a payment made by one party, the licensee or franchisee to another that owns a particular asset, the licensor or franchisor for the right to ongoing use of that asset.

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RTLinux

RTLinux is a hard realtime RTOS microkernel that runs the entire Linux operating system as a fully preemptive process.

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S&P Global

S&P Global Inc. (prior to April 2016 McGraw Hill Financial, Inc., and prior to 2013 McGraw Hill Companies) is an American publicly traded corporation headquartered in New York City.

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Sailfish OS

Sailfish OS (also styled as SailfishOS or abbreviated to SFOS) is a general purpose Linux distribution used commonly as a mobile operating system combining the Linux kernel for a particular hardware platform, the open-source Mer core stack of middleware, a proprietary UI contributed by Jolla or an open source UI, and other third-party components.

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SCHED DEADLINE

SCHED_DEADLINE is a CPU scheduler available in the Linux kernel since version 3.14, Linux Weekly News, Deadline scheduling for Linux OSNews, Deadline Scheduling in the Linux Kernel based on the Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and Constant Bandwidth Server (CBS) L. Abeni and G. Buttazzo, "Integrating multimedia applications in hard real-time systems," Proc.

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SCO Group, Inc. v. Novell, Inc.

SCO v. Novell was a United States lawsuit in which The SCO Group (SCO) claimed ownership of the source code for the Unix operating system, including portions of Linux.

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Security-Enhanced Linux

Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including United States Department of Defense–style mandatory access controls (MAC).

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Self-hosting

Self-hosting is the use of a computer program as part of the toolchain or operating system that produces new versions of that same program—for example, a that can compile its own source code.

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Server (computing)

In computing, a server is a computer program or a device that provides functionality for other programs or devices, called "clients".

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Set-top box

A set-top box (STB) or set-top unit (STU) (one type also colloquially known as a cable box) is an information appliance device that generally contains a TV-tuner input and displays output to a television set and an external source of signal, turning the source signal into content in a form that then be displayed on the television screen or other display device.

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Single UNIX Specification

The Single UNIX Specification (SUS) is the collective name of a family of standards for computer operating systems, compliance with which is required to qualify for using the "UNIX" trademark.

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Slackware

Slackware is a Linux distribution created by Patrick Volkerding in 1993.

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Slashdot

Slashdot (sometimes abbreviated as /.) is a social news website that originally billed itself as "News for Nerds.

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Smart TV

A smart TV, sometimes referred to as connected TV or hybrid TV, is a television set with integrated Internet and interactive "Web 2.0" features.

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Smartphone

A smartphone is a handheld personal computer with a mobile operating system and an integrated mobile broadband cellular network connection for voice, SMS, and Internet data communication; most, if not all, smartphones also support Wi-Fi.

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Smartwatch

A smartwatch is a touchscreen wearable computer in the form of a wristwatch.

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Soft error

In electronics and computing, a soft error is a type of error where a signal or datum is wrong.

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Softpedia

Softpedia is a website from Romania that indexes information and provides primarily software information and downloads.

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Software bug

A software bug is an error, flaw, failure or fault in a computer program or system that causes it to produce an incorrect or unexpected result, or to behave in unintended ways.

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Software release life cycle

A software release life cycle is the sum of the stages of development and maturity for a piece of computer software: ranging from its initial development to its eventual release, and including updated versions of the released version to help improve software or fix software bugs still present in the software.

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Source lines of code

Source lines of code (SLOC), also known as lines of code (LOC), is a software metric used to measure the size of a computer program by counting the number of lines in the text of the program's source code.

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SPARC

SPARC, for Scalable Processor Architecture, is a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) instruction set architecture (ISA) originally developed by Sun Microsystems.

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Spectre (security vulnerability)

Spectre is a vulnerability that affects modern microprocessors that perform branch prediction.

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Spinlock

In software engineering, a spinlock is a lock which causes a thread trying to acquire it to simply wait in a loop ("spin") while repeatedly checking if the lock is available.

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Subroutine

In computer programming, a subroutine is a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit.

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Supercomputer

A supercomputer is a computer with a high level of performance compared to a general-purpose computer.

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Symmetric multiprocessing

Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) involves a multiprocessor computer hardware and software architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single, shared main memory, have full access to all input and output devices, and are controlled by a single operating system instance that treats all processors equally, reserving none for special purposes.

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Sysfs

sysfs is a pseudo file system provided by the Linux kernel that exports information about various kernel subsystems, hardware devices, and associated device drivers from the kernel's device model to user space through virtual files.

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System call

In computing, a system call is the programmatic way in which a computer program requests a service from the kernel of the operating system it is executed on.

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Tablet computer

A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a portable personal computer, typically with a mobile operating system and LCD touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single thin, flat package.

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TechCrunch

TechCrunch is an American online publisher of technology industry news founded in 2005 by Archimedes Ventures whose partners were Michael Arrington and Keith Teare.

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Terabyte

The terabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information.

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The Salt Lake Tribune

The Salt Lake Tribune is a daily newspaper published in the city of Salt Lake City, Utah, with the largest weekday circulation but second largest Sunday circulation behind the Deseret News.

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Thread (computing)

In computer science, a thread of execution is the smallest sequence of programmed instructions that can be managed independently by a scheduler, which is typically a part of the operating system.

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Tivoization

Tivoization is the creation of a system that incorporates software under the terms of a copyleft software license (like the GPL), but uses hardware restrictions to prevent users from running modified versions of the software on that hardware.

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TOP500

The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-distributed computer systems in the world.

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Trademark

A trademark, trade mark, or trade-markThe styling of trademark as a single word is predominantly used in the United States and Philippines only, while the two-word styling trade mark is used in many other countries around the world, including the European Union and Commonwealth and ex-Commonwealth jurisdictions (although Canada officially uses "trade-mark" pursuant to the Trade-mark Act, "trade mark" and "trademark" are also commonly used).

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Tux (mascot)

Tux is a penguin character and the official brand character of the Linux kernel.

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Ubuntu (operating system)

Ubuntu (stylized as ubuntu) is a free and open source operating system and Linux distribution based on Debian.

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Uniprocessor system

A uniprocessor system is defined as a computer system that has a single central processing unit that is used to execute computer tasks.

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United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

The United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit (in case citations, 10th Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts.

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University of Helsinki

The University of Helsinki (Helsingin yliopisto, Helsingfors universitet, Universitas Helsingiensis, abbreviated UH) is a university located in Helsinki, Finland since 1829, but was founded in the city of Turku (in Swedish Åbo) in 1640 as the Royal Academy of Åbo, at that time part of the Swedish Empire.

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Unix-like

A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X or *nix) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification.

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Usage share of operating systems

The usage share of operating systems is an estimate of the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system at any particular time.

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USB

USB (abbreviation of Universal Serial Bus), is an industry standard that was developed to define cables, connectors and protocols for connection, communication, and power supply between personal computers and their peripheral devices.

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Usenet

Usenet is a worldwide distributed discussion system available on computers.

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Usenet newsgroup

A Usenet newsgroup is a repository usually within the Usenet system, for messages posted from many users in different locations using Internet.

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User space

A modern computer operating system usually segregates virtual memory into kernel space and user space.

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User-mode Linux

User-mode Linux (UML) enables multiple virtual Linux kernel-based operating systems (known as guests) to run as an application within a normal Linux system (known as the host).

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Version control

A component of software configuration management, version control, also known as revision control or source control, is the management of changes to documents, computer programs, large web sites, and other collections of information.

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Video display controller

A video display controller or VDC (also regularly called display engine, display interface) is an integrated circuit which is the main component in a video signal generator, a device responsible for the production of a TV video signal in a computing or game system.

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Video4Linux

Video4Linux, V4L for short, is a collection of device drivers and an API for supporting realtime video capture on Linux systems.

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Virtual memory

In computing, virtual memory (also virtual storage) is a memory management technique that provides an "idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine" which "creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory." The computer's operating system, using a combination of hardware and software, maps memory addresses used by a program, called virtual addresses, into physical addresses in computer memory.

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VU University Amsterdam

The Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (abbreviated as VU, VU University Amsterdam, "Free University Amsterdam") is a university in Amsterdam, Netherlands, founded in 1880.

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Webcam

A webcam is a video camera that feeds or streams its image in real time to or through a computer to a computer network.

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WebOS

webOS, also known as LG webOS and previously known as Open webOS, HP webOS and Palm webOS, is a Linux kernel-based multitasking operating system for smart devices such as smart TVs and it has been used as a mobile operating system.

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Windows 3.1x

Windows 3.1x (codenamed Janus) is a series of 16-bit operating environments produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers.

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Wireless access point

20018 In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP), or more generally just access point (AP), is a networking hardware device that allows a Wi-Fi device to connect to a wired network.

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Wireless network interface controller

A wireless network interface controller (WNIC) is a network interface controller which connects to a wireless radio-based computer network, rather than a wired network, such as Token Ring or Ethernet.

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Working group

A working group or working party is a group of experts working together to achieve specified goals.

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X Window System

The X Window System (X11, or shortened to simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on UNIX-like computer operating systems.

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X86

x86 is a family of backward-compatible instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU and its Intel 8088 variant.

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X86 assembly language

x86 assembly language is a family of backward-compatible assembly languages, which provide some level of compatibility all the way back to the Intel 8008 introduced in April 1972.

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XFS

XFS is a high-performance 64-bit journaling file system created by Silicon Graphics, Inc (SGI) in 1993.

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Z/Architecture

z/Architecture, initially and briefly called ESA Modal Extensions (ESAME), is IBM's 64-bit instruction set architecture implemented by its mainframe computers.

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ZDNet

ZDNet is a business technology news website published by CBS Interactive, along with TechRepublic.

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Ziff Davis

Ziff Davis, LLC is an American publisher and Internet company.

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Zswap

zswap is a Linux kernel feature that provides a compressed write-back cache for swapped pages, as a form of virtual memory compression.

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64-bit computing

In computer architecture, 64-bit computing is the use of processors that have datapath widths, integer size, and memory address widths of 64 bits (eight octets).

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel

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