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Drosophila

Index Drosophila

Drosophila is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit. [1]

118 relations: Adaptive radiation, Alpine climate, Anopheles gambiae, Ant, Arista (insect anatomy), Asilidae, Banana, Bark (botany), Beetle, Biology Letters, Caenorhabditis, Carl Fredrik Fallén, Ceratitis capitata, Chromosomal polymorphism, Chromosome, City, Colin Patterson (biologist), Cornell University, Cornell University Press, Cryptic female choice, Desert, Developmental biology, Dew, Domestication, Dorsilopha, Drosophila (subgenus), Drosophila appendiculata, Drosophila bifurca, Drosophila circadian rhythm, Drosophila embryogenesis, Drosophila funebris, Drosophila grimshawi, Drosophila hybrid sterility, Drosophila immigrans, Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup, Drosophila mojavensis, Drosophila persimilis, Drosophila pseudoobscura, Drosophila simulans, Drosophila subobscura, Drosophila suzukii, Drosophila virilis, Drosophila willistoni, Drosophilidae, Dudaica, Elsevier, ENCODE, Family (biology), Flower, ..., Fly, FlyBase, Fruit, Fungus, Genetics, Genus, Greek language, Hawaii, Hibernation, Hirtodrosophila, Hirtodrosophila duncani, Honey bee, Housefly, Hybrid (biology), Ithaca, Johan Christian Fabricius, Journal of Experimental Zoology, Laboratory experiments of speciation, Latin, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lek mating, List of Drosophila species, London, Lordiphosa, Microbiome in the Drosophila gut, Microorganism, Model organism, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Mosquito, Mushroom, Mycodrosophila, Nature (journal), Nobel Prize, Ovary, Paraphyly, Parasitism, Phylogenetics, Polyandry, Pomace, Predation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Rove beetle, Royal Society, Scaptomyza, Siphlodora, Slime flux, Sophophora, Speciation, Species, Sperm competition, Spermatozoon, Sterol, Subgenus, Swamp, Temperature, Tephritidae, The Florida Entomologist, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Traumatic insemination, Tropical rainforest, Vespula, Vinegar, Western honey bee, White (mutation), Wine, Yeast, Zaprionus, Zaprionus indianus. Expand index (68 more) »

Adaptive radiation

In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.

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Alpine climate

Alpine climate is the average weather (climate) for the regions above the tree line.

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Anopheles gambiae

The Anopheles gambiae complex consists of at least seven morphologically indistinguishable species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles.

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Ant

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera.

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Arista (insect anatomy)

In insect anatomy the arista is a simple or variously modified apical or subapical bristle, arising from the third antennal segment.

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Asilidae

The Asilidae are the robber fly family, also called assassin flies.

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Banana

A banana is an edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.

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Bark (botany)

Bark is the outermost layers of stems and roots of woody plants.

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Beetle

Beetles are a group of insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Endopterygota.

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Biology Letters

Biology Letters is a peer-reviewed, biological, scientific journal published by the Royal Society.

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Caenorhabditis

Caenorhabditis is a genus of nematodes which live in bacteria-rich environments like compost piles, decaying dead animals and rotting fruit.

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Carl Fredrik Fallén

Carl Fredrik Fallén (Born 22 September 1764 in Kristinehamn – 26 August 1830) was a Swedish botanist and entomologist.

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Ceratitis capitata

Ceratitis capitata, the Mediterranean fruit fly, or medfly for short, is a species of fruit fly capable of causing extensive damage to a wide range of fruit crops.

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Chromosomal polymorphism

In genetics, chromosomal polymorphism is a condition where one species contains members with varying chromosome counts or shapes.

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Chromosome

A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

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City

A city is a large human settlement.

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Colin Patterson (biologist)

Colin Patterson FRS (1933–1998), was a British palaeontologist at the Natural History Museum in London from 1962 to his official retirement in 1993 who specialised in fossil fish and systematics, advocating the transformed cladistics school.

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Cornell University

Cornell University is a private and statutory Ivy League research university located in Ithaca, New York.

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Cornell University Press

The Cornell University Press is a division of Cornell University housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage.

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Cryptic female choice

Cryptic female choice is a form of mate choice which occurs both in pre and post copulatory circumstances when females in certain species use physical or chemical mechanisms to control a male's success of inseminating them; namely by selecting whether sperm are successful in fertilizing their eggs or not.

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Desert

A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.

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Developmental biology

Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.

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Dew

Dew is water in the form of droplets that appears on thin, exposed objects in the morning or evening due to condensation.

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Domestication

Domestication is a sustained multi-generational relationship in which one group of organisms assumes a significant degree of influence over the reproduction and care of another group to secure a more predictable supply of resources from that second group.

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Dorsilopha

The subgenus Dorsilopha belongs to genus Drosophila and consists of four species.

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Drosophila (subgenus)

Drosophila is a paraphyletic subgenus of the genus Drosophila, a classification of fruit flies.

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Drosophila appendiculata

Drosophila appendiculata is a large yellowish fruitfly found in Southern Chile and neighboring Argentina.

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Drosophila bifurca

Drosophila bifurca is a species of fruit fly.

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Drosophila circadian rhythm

Drosphila circadian rhythm is a daily 24-hour cycle of rest and activity in the fruit flies of the genus Drosophila.

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Drosophila embryogenesis

Drosophila embryogenesis, the process by which Drosophila (fruit fly) embryos form, is a favorite model system for genetics and developmental biology.

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Drosophila funebris

Drosophila funebris is a species of fruit fly.

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Drosophila grimshawi

Drosophila grimshawi is a species of fruit fly from Hawaii, and was one of 12 fruit fly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study.

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Drosophila hybrid sterility

The concept of a biological species as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding to produce viable offspring dates back to at least the 18th century, although it is often associated today with Ernst Mayr.

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Drosophila immigrans

Drosophila immigrans is a species of vinegar fly in the family Drosophilidae.

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Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae.

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Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup

The Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup contains 9 species, including the best known species Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans.

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Drosophila mojavensis

Drosophila mojavensis is a cactophilic species of fruit fly from the southwestern United States and Mexico, and was one of 12 fruitfly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study.

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Drosophila persimilis

Drosophila persimilis is a species of fruit fly that is a sister species to D. pseudoobscura, and was one of 12 fruitfly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study.

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Drosophila pseudoobscura

Drosophila pseudoobscura is a species of fruit fly, used extensively in lab studies of speciation.

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Drosophila simulans

Drosophila simulans is a species of fly closely related to D. melanogaster, belonging to the same ''melanogaster'' species subgroup.

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Drosophila subobscura

Drosophila subobscura is a species of fruit flies from the family Drosophilidae.

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Drosophila suzukii

Drosophila suzukii, commonly called the spotted wing drosophila, is a fruit fly.

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Drosophila virilis

Drosophila virilis is a species of fruit fly with a worldwide distribution (probably due to human movements), and was one of 12 fruit fly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study.

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Drosophila willistoni

Drosophila willistoni is a species of fruit fly.

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Drosophilidae

The Drosophilidae are a diverse, cosmopolitan family of flies, which includes fruit flies.

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Dudaica

The subgenus Dudaica belongs to genus Drosophila and consists of two species, Drosophila malayana (Takada, 1976) and Drosophila senilis Duda, 1926.

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Elsevier

Elsevier is an information and analytics company and one of the world's major providers of scientific, technical, and medical information.

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ENCODE

The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) is a public research project which aims to identify functional elements in the human genome.

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Family (biology)

In biological classification, family (familia, plural familiae) is one of the eight major taxonomic ranks; it is classified between order and genus.

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Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also called angiosperms).

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Fly

True flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- di- "two", and πτερόν pteron "wings".

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FlyBase

FlyBase is an online bioinformatics database and the primary repository of genetic and molecular data for the insect family Drosophilidae.

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Fruit

In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants (also known as angiosperms) formed from the ovary after flowering.

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Fungus

A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.

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Genetics

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.

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Genus

A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Hibernation

Hibernation is a state of inactivity and metabolic depression in endotherms.

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Hirtodrosophila

Hirtodrosophila is a genus of fruit flies from the family Drosophilidae.

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Hirtodrosophila duncani

Hirtodrosophila duncani is a North American fruit fly, a member of the fungus-breeding genus Hirtodrosophila.

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Honey bee

A honey bee (or honeybee) is any member of the genus Apis, primarily distinguished by the production and storage of honey and the construction of perennial, colonial nests from wax.

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Housefly

The housefly (Musca domestica) is a fly of the suborder Cyclorrhapha.

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Hybrid (biology)

In biology, a hybrid, or crossbreed, is the result of combining the qualities of two organisms of different breeds, varieties, species or genera through sexual reproduction.

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Ithaca

Ithaca, Ithaki or Ithaka (Greek: Ιθάκη, Ithakē) is a Greek island located in the Ionian Sea, off the northeast coast of Kefalonia and to the west of continental Greece.

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Johan Christian Fabricius

Johan Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others.

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Journal of Experimental Zoology

Journal of Experimental Zoology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of zoology established in 1904.

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Laboratory experiments of speciation

Laboratory experiments of speciation have been conducted for all four modes of speciation: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric; and various other processes involving speciation: hybridization, reinforcement, founder effects, among others.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), commonly referred to as Berkeley Lab, is a United States national laboratory located in the Berkeley Hills near Berkeley, California that conducts scientific research on behalf of the United States Department of Energy (DOE).

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Lek mating

A lek, from the Swedish word for "play", is an aggregation of male animals gathered to engage in competitive displays, lekking, to entice visiting females which are surveying prospective partners for copulation.

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List of Drosophila species

Drosophila is a genus of flies of the family Drosophilidae.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Lordiphosa

Lordiphosa is a genus of fly in the family Drosophilidae.

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Microbiome in the Drosophila gut

The microbiota describes the sum of all symbiotic microorganisms (mutualism, commensalism or pathogenic) living on or in an organism.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Model organism

A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.

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Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics.

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Mosquito

Mosquitoes are small, midge-like flies that constitute the family Culicidae.

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Mushroom

A mushroom, or toadstool, is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.

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Mycodrosophila

Mycodrosophila is a genus of vinegar flies, insects in the family Drosophilidae.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.

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Ovary

The ovary is an organ found in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum.

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Paraphyly

In taxonomy, a group is paraphyletic if it consists of the group's last common ancestor and all descendants of that ancestor excluding a few—typically only one or two—monophyletic subgroups.

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Parasitism

In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.

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Phylogenetics

In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: φυλή, φῦλον – phylé, phylon.

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Polyandry

Polyandry (from πολυ- poly-, "many" and ἀνήρ anēr, "man") is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time.

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Pomace

Pomace, or marc (from French marc), is the solid remains of grapes, olives, or other fruit after pressing for juice or oil.

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Predation

Predation is a biological interaction where a predator (a hunting animal) kills and eats its prey (the organism that is attacked).

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS) is the official scientific journal of the National Academy of Sciences, published since 1915.

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Rove beetle

The rove beetles are a family (Staphylinidae) of beetles, primarily distinguished by their short elytra (wing covers) that typically leave more than half of their abdomens exposed.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Scaptomyza

Scaptomyza is a genus of vinegar flies, insects in the family Drosophilidae.

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Siphlodora

The subgenus Siphlodora belongs to genus Drosophila and consists of two species that share a sigmoid-shaped posterior crossvein.

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Slime flux

Slime flux is a bacterial disease of certain trees, primarily elm, cottonwood, poplar, boxelder, ash, aspen, fruitless mulberry and oak.

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Sophophora

The paraphyletic subgenus Sophophora of the genus Drosophila was first described by Alfred Sturtevant in 1939.

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Speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.

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Species

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank, as well as a unit of biodiversity, but it has proven difficult to find a satisfactory definition.

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Sperm competition

Sperm competition is the competitive process between spermatozoa of two or more different males to fertilize the same egg during sexual reproduction.

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Spermatozoon

A spermatozoon (pronounced, alternate spelling spermatozoön; plural spermatozoa; from σπέρμα "seed" and ζῷον "living being") is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.

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Sterol

Sterols, also known as steroid alcohols, are a subgroup of the steroids and an important class of organic molecules.

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Subgenus

In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus.

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Swamp

A swamp is a wetland that is forested.

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Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity expressing hot and cold.

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Tephritidae

The Tephritidae are one of two fly families referred to as fruit flies, the other family being the Drosophilidae.

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The Florida Entomologist

The Florida Entomologist is an quarterly open access scientific journal published by BioOne on behalf of the Florida Entomological Society.

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Thomas Hunt Morgan

Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that the chromosome plays in heredity.

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Traumatic insemination

Traumatic insemination, also known as hypodermic insemination, is the mating practice in some species of invertebrates in which the male pierces the female's abdomen with his aedeagus and injects his sperm through the wound into her abdominal cavity (hemocoel).

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Tropical rainforest

Tropical rainforests are rainforests that occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rainforest.

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Vespula

Vespula is a small genus of social wasps, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Vinegar

Vinegar is a liquid consisting of about 5–20% acetic acid (CH3COOH), water (H2O), and trace chemicals that may include flavorings.

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Western honey bee

The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bee worldwide.

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White (mutation)

white, abbreviated w, was the first sex-linked mutation ever discovered, found in the fruit fly ''Drosophila melanogaster''.

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Wine

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.

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Yeast

Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of the fungus kingdom.

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Zaprionus

The genus Zaprionus belongs to the family fruit fly Drosophilidae and is positioned within the paraphyletic genus Drosophila.

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Zaprionus indianus

Zaprionus indianus, the African fig fly, is a species of vinegar fly in the family Drosophilidae.

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Redirects here:

Drosophila genome, Drosophila montana, Drosophilia, Drosophilia flies, Drosophilia fly, Drosophilists, Pomace fly, Vinegar Fly, Vinegar flies.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila

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