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49 relations: Aerobic organism, Antibody, Antigen, Antimicrobial resistance, Archaellum, Bacteria, Bacterial conjugation, Bacterial gliding, Bacterial nanowires, Bacteriophage, Biofilm, Cholera toxin, Coding region, CTXφ bacteriophage, Disease, DNA, Escherichia coli, Extracellular matrix, Fertility factor (bacteria), Fimbria (bacteriology), Flagellin, Flagellum, Gram-negative bacteria, Homologous recombination, Latin, Lectin, Mating bridge, Microcolony, Motility, Mutant, Myxococcus xanthus, Nanometre, Neisseria meningitidis, Oligomer, Oligosaccharide, Pilin, Plasmid, Receptor (biochemistry), Reproduction, Selfish genetic element, Sexual reproduction, Sortase, Streptococcus, Transformation (genetics), Twitching motility, Uptake signal sequence, Vibrio cholerae, Virus, Word sense.
Aerobic organism
An aerobic organism or aerobe is an organism that can survive and grow in an oxygenated environment.
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Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.
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Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe.
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Archaellum
An archaellum (plural: archaella) is a new name for the unique whip-like structure on the cell surface of many archaea (formerly called the archaeal flagellum).
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bacterial conjugation
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.
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Bacterial gliding
Bacterial gliding is a process of motility whereby a bacterium can move under its own power.
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Bacterial nanowires
Bacterial nanowires (also known as microbial nanowires) are electrically conductive appendages produced by a number of bacteria most notably from (but not exclusive to) the Geobacter and Shewanella genera.
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Bacteriophage
A bacteriophage, also known informally as a phage, is a virus that infects and replicates within Bacteria and Archaea.
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Biofilm
A biofilm comprises any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface.
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Cholera toxin
Cholera toxin (also known as choleragen and sometimes abbreviated to CTX, Ctx or CT) is protein complex secreted by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
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Coding region
The coding region of a gene, also known as the CDS (from CoDing Sequence), is that portion of a gene's DNA or RNA that codes for protein.
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CTXφ bacteriophage
The CTXφ bacteriophage is a filamentous bacteriophage that contains the genetic material needed by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium for the production of cholera toxin, or CT.
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Disease
A disease is any condition which results in the disorder of a structure or function in an organism that is not due to any external injury.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli (also known as E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium of the genus Escherichia that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).
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Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a collection of extracellular molecules secreted by support cells that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells.
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Fertility factor (bacteria)
The fertility factor (first named F by one of its discoverers Esther Lederberg) (also called the sex factor in E. Coli or the F sex factor) allows genes to be transferred from one bacterium carrying the factor to another bacterium lacking the factor by conjugation. The F factor is carried on the F episome, the first episome to be discovered. Unlike other plasmids, F factor is constitutive for transfer proteins due to the gene traJ. The F plasmid belongs to a class of conjugative plasmids that control sexual functions of bacteria with a fertility inhibition (Fin) system.
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Fimbria (bacteriology)
In bacteriology, a fimbria (plural fimbriae), also referred to as an "attachment pilus" by some scientists, is an appendage that can be found on many Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria that is thinner and shorter than a flagellum.
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Flagellin
Flagellin is a globular protein that arranges itself in a hollow cylinder to form the filament in a bacterial flagellum.
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Flagellum
A flagellum (plural: flagella) is a lash-like appendage that protrudes from the cell body of certain bacterial and eukaryotic cells.
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Gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the gram-staining method of bacterial differentiation.
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Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Lectin
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins, macromolecules that are highly specific for sugar moieties of other molecules.
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Mating bridge
A mating bridge, also known as a "conjugation bridge", is a connection between two bacterial cells that provides a passage way for DNA in bacterial conjugation.
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Microcolony
No description.
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Motility
Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy.
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Mutant
In biology and especially genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is an alteration of the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of an organism.
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Myxococcus xanthus
Myxococcus xanthus is a gram-negative, rod-shaped species of myxobacteria that exhibits various forms of self-organizing behavior as a response to environmental cues.
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Nanometre
The nanometre (International spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm) or nanometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth (short scale) of a metre (m).
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Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis.
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Oligomer
An oligomer (oligo-, "a few" + -mer, "parts") is a molecular complex of chemicals that consists of a few monomer units, in contrast to a polymer, where the number of monomers is, in principle, infinite.
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Oligosaccharide
An oligosaccharide (from the Greek ὀλίγος olígos, "a few", and σάκχαρ sácchar, "sugar") is a saccharide polymer containing a small number (typically three to ten) of monosaccharides (simple sugars).
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Pilin
Pilin refers to a class of fibrous proteins that are found in pilus structures in bacteria.
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Plasmid
A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.
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Receptor (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a receptor is a protein molecule that receives chemical signals from outside a cell.
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Reproduction
Reproduction (or procreation or breeding) is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents".
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Selfish genetic element
Selfish genetics elements (also sometimes called selfish DNA) are genetic sequences that spread by forming additional copies of itself within the genome; and makes no specific contribution to the reproductive success of its host organism (it might or might not have significant deleterious effects).
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Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg) and a male's smaller sperm.
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Sortase
Sortase refers to a group of prokaryotic enzymes that modify surface proteins by recognizing and cleaving a carboxyl-terminal sorting signal.
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Streptococcus
Streptococcus (term coined by Viennese surgeon Albert Theodor Billroth (1829-1894) from strepto- "twisted" + Modern Latin coccus "spherical bacterium," from Greek kokkos meaning "berry") is a genus of coccus (spherical) Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the order Lactobacillales (lactic acid bacteria).
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Transformation (genetics)
In molecular biology, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).
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Twitching motility
Twitching motility is a form of crawling bacterial motility used to move over surfaces.
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Uptake signal sequence
Uptake signal sequence (USS) are short DNA sequences preferentially taken up by competent bacteria belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family (e.g., Haemophilus influenzae).
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Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium.
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Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms.
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Word sense
In linguistics, a word sense is one of the meanings of a word (some words have multiple meanings, some words have only one meaning).
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Redirects here:
Conjugation pilus, Conjugation tube, F Pili, F pilus, Fimbrium, Pili, sex, Sex pili, Sex pilus, Type 4 pilus, Type I Pili, Type IV pili, Type IV pilus, Type four pilus.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilus
