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168 relations: Akhet (hieroglyph), Al-Maqrizi, Alexandria, Alnilam, Alnitak, Amenemhat II, Ancient Egyptian race controversy, Ancient Greek, Ancient Near East, André Thevet, Anubis, Arabs, Archaeology, Athanasius Kircher, Atum, Auguste Mariette, Émile Baraize, Balthasar de Monconys, BBC, BBC Two, Bedrock, Benoît de Maillet, Boston University, Cairo, Cartouche, Charlton Heston, Chisel, Classical antiquity, Colin Reader, Computer graphics, Coptic language, Cornelis de Bruijn, Cornell University Press, Damietta, Description de l'Égypte, Diorite, Djedefre, Documentary film, Dorling Kindersley, Dover Publications, Dream Stele, E. A. Wallis Budge, Eagle, Early Dynastic Period (Egypt), Egypt, Egyptian Arabic, Egyptian chronology, Egyptian language, Egyptian Museum, Egyptology, ..., Elliot Warburton, Emmy Award, Engraving, Erosion, Eugène Grébaut, Forensic anthropology, Forensic arts, Forensic science, Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, François de La Boullaye-Le Gouz, Frederic Louis Norden, Gaston Maspero, Geologist, George Sandys, German Archaeological Institute, Giovanni Battista Caviglia, Giza, Giza Plateau, Giza pyramid complex, Graham Hancock, Granite, Great Pyramid of Giza, Hellenization, Hieroglyph, Historical revisionism, Horizon (UK TV series), Horus, Iconoclasm, Iconography, Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, International Association for Identification, Inventory Stela, Jean de Thévenot, Jean-Léon Gérôme, Johann Michael Vansleb, John Anthony West, John Greaves, John Lawson Stoddard, Joos van Ghistele, Khafra, Khanqah, Khepri, Khufu, Kryštof Harant, Language change, Late Period of ancient Egypt, Legendary creature, Leo (constellation), Limestone, Lion, Lion (heraldry), List of colossal sculpture in situ, List of tallest statues, Lower Egypt, Mamluk, Manuel de Codage, Mark Lehner, Milky Way, Mintaka, Monolith, Monumental sculpture, Napoleon, Natural science, NBC, Nemes, New Kingdom of Egypt, New York City Police Department, Nile, Nummulite, Old Kingdom of Egypt, Olfert Dapper, Orion (constellation), Orion correlation theory, Orion's Belt, Paleolithic, Paul Lucas (traveller), Pharaoh, Phonetics, Pierre Belon, Printmaking, Prostitution, Pseudoarchaeology, Pyramid of Khafre, Quarry, Ra, Rain, Rainer Stadelmann, Ramesses II, Richard Pococke, Robert Bauval, Robert K. G. Temple, Robert M. Schoch, Romanization of Greek, Rosetta, Season of the Inundation, Second Japanese Embassy to Europe (1863), Selim Hassan, Shrine, Sphinx, Sufism, Supreme Council of Antiquities, Talisman, Temple, The Daily Telegraph, Thomas Young (scientist), Thutmose IV, Timewatch, Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt, Upper Egypt, Vandalism, Vincent Stochove, Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie, Weathering, Wheaton, Illinois, Wilhelm von Boldensele, Zahi Hawass, 10,000 BC (film), 2008 in film. Expand index (118 more) »
Akhet (hieroglyph)
Akhet (Ꜣḫt; Gardiner:N27) is an Egyptian hieroglyph that represents the place where the sun rises or sets.
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Al-Maqrizi
Taqi al-Din Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Qadir ibn Muhammad al-Maqrizi (1364–1442)Franz Rosenthal,.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.
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Alnilam
Alnilam, designated Epsilon Orionis (ε Orionis, abbreviated Epsilon Ori, ε Ori) and 46 Orionis (46 Ori), is a large blue supergiant star some 2,000 light-years distant in the constellation of Orion.
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Alnitak
Alnitak, designated Zeta Orionis (ζ Orionis, abbreviated Zeta Ori, ζ Ori) and 50 Orionis (50 Ori), is a multiple star several hundred parsecs from the Sun in the constellation of Orion.
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Amenemhat II
Nubkaure Amenemhat II was the third pharaoh of the 12th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt.
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Ancient Egyptian race controversy
The question of the race of ancient Egyptians was raised historically as a product of the early racial concepts of the 18th and 19th centuries, and was linked to models of racial hierarchy primarily based on craniometry, anthropometry and genetics.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Ancient Near East
The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, northeastern Syria and Kuwait), ancient Egypt, ancient Iran (Elam, Media, Parthia and Persia), Anatolia/Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula.
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André Thevet
André Thevet (1516 – 23 November 1590) was a French Franciscan priest, explorer, cosmographer and writer who travelled to Brazil in the 16th century.
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Anubis
Anubis (Ἄνουβις, Egyptian: jnpw, Coptic: Anoup) is the Greek name of a god associated with mummification and the afterlife in ancient Egyptian religion, usually depicted as a canine or a man with a canine head.
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Arabs
Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.
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Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
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Athanasius Kircher
Athanasius Kircher, S.J. (sometimes erroneously spelled Kirchner; Athanasius Kircherus, 2 May 1602 – 28 November 1680) was a German Jesuit scholar and polymath who published around 40 major works, most notably in the fields of comparative religion, geology, and medicine.
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Atum
Atum (Egyptian: jtm(w) or tm(w); Coptic Atoum), sometimes rendered as Atem or Tem, is an important deity in Egyptian mythology.
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Auguste Mariette
François Auguste Ferdinand Mariette (11 February 182118 January 1881) was a French scholar, archaeologist and Egyptologist, and founder of the Egyptian Department of Antiquities (later Supreme Council of Antiquities).
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Émile Baraize
Émile Baraize (28 August 1874 – 15 April 1952, Cairo) was a French Egyptologist.
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Balthasar de Monconys
Balthasar de Monconys (1611–1665) was a French traveller, diplomat, physicist and magistrate, who left a diary, which was published by his son as Journal des voyages de Monsieur de Monconys, Conseiller du Roy en ses Conseils d’Estat & Privé, & Lieutenant Criminel au Siège Presidial de Lyon, 2 vols., Lyon, 1665-1666.
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BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.
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BBC Two
BBC Two is the second flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Channel Islands.
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Bedrock
In geology, bedrock is the lithified rock that lies under a loose softer material called regolith at the surface of the Earth or other terrestrial planets.
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Benoît de Maillet
Benoît de Maillet (Saint-Mihiel, 12 April 1656 – Marseille, 30 January 1738) was a well-travelled French diplomat and natural historian.
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Boston University
Boston University (commonly referred to as BU) is a private, non-profit, research university in Boston, Massachusetts.
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Cairo
Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.
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Cartouche
In Egyptian hieroglyphs, a cartouche is an oval with a horizontal line at one end, indicating that the text enclosed is a royal name.
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Charlton Heston
Charlton Heston (born John Charles Carter or Charlton John Carter; October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor and political activist.
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Chisel
A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge (such that wood chisels have lent part of their name to a particular grind) of blade on its end, for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone, or metal by hand, struck with a mallet, or mechanical power.
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Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity (also the classical era, classical period or classical age) is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 5th or 6th century AD centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world.
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Colin Reader
Colin Reader is an English geologist with an interest in Ancient Egypt and is also secretary of The Manchester Ancient Egypt Society.
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Computer graphics
Computer graphics are pictures and films created using computers.
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Coptic language
Coptic or Coptic Egyptian (Bohairic: ti.met.rem.ən.khēmi and Sahidic: t.mənt.rəm.ən.kēme) is the latest stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt until at least the 17th century.
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Cornelis de Bruijn
Cornelis de Bruijn (also spelled Cornelius de Bruyn,; 16521726/7) was a Dutch artist and traveler.
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Cornell University Press
The Cornell University Press is a division of Cornell University housed in Sage House, the former residence of Henry William Sage.
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Damietta
Damietta (دمياط,; ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲁϯ) also known as Damiata, or Domyat, is a port and the capital of the Damietta Governorate in Egypt, a former bishopric and present multiple Catholic titular see.
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Description de l'Égypte
The Description de l'Égypte (Description of Egypt) was a series of publications, appearing first in 1809 and continuing until the final volume appeared in 1829, which aimed to comprehensively catalog all known aspects of ancient and modern Egypt as well as its natural history.
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Diorite
Diorite is an intrusive igneous rock composed principally of the silicate minerals plagioclase feldspar (typically andesine), biotite, hornblende, and/or pyroxene.
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Djedefre
Djedefre (also known as Djedefra and Ρετζεντέφ Radjedef) was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty during the Old Kingdom.
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Documentary film
A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record.
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Dorling Kindersley
Dorling Kindersley (DK) is a British multinational publishing company specializing in illustrated reference books for adults and children in 62 languages.
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Dover Publications
Dover Publications, also known as Dover Books, is an American book publisher founded in 1941 by Hayward Cirker and his wife, Blanche.
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Dream Stele
The Dream Stele, also called the Sphinx Stele, is an epigraphic stele belonging to the Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Thutmose IV.
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E. A. Wallis Budge
Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Budge (27 July 185723 November 1934) was an English Egyptologist, Orientalist, and philologist who worked for the British Museum and published numerous works on the ancient Near East.
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Eagle
Eagle is the common name for many large birds of prey of the family Accipitridae.
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Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)
The Archaic or Early Dynastic Period of Egypt is the era immediately following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt c. 3100 BC.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Egyptian Arabic
Egyptian Arabic, locally known as the Egyptian colloquial language or Masri, also spelled Masry, meaning simply "Egyptian", is spoken by most contemporary Egyptians.
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Egyptian chronology
The majority of Egyptologists agree on the outline and many details of the chronology of Ancient Egypt.
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Egyptian language
The Egyptian language was spoken in ancient Egypt and was a branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages.
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Egyptian Museum
The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities, known commonly as the Egyptian Museum or Museum of Cairo, in Cairo, Egypt, is home to an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian antiquities.
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Egyptology
Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek -λογία, -logia. علم المصريات) is the study of ancient Egyptian history, language, literature, religion, architecture and art from the 5th millennium BC until the end of its native religious practices in the 4th century AD.
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Elliot Warburton
Bartholomew Eliot George Warburton (1810–1852), usually known as Eliot Warburton, Irish traveller and novelist, was born near Tullamore, Ireland.
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Emmy Award
An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, is an American award that recognizes excellence in the television industry, and is the equivalent of an Academy Award (for film), the Tony Award (for theater), and the Grammy Award (for music).
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Engraving
Engraving is the practice of incising a design onto a hard, usually flat surface by cutting grooves into it.
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Erosion
In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).
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Eugène Grébaut
Eugène Grébaut (1846 – 8 January 1915) was a French Egyptologist.
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Forensic anthropology
Forensic anthropology is the application of the anatomical science of anthropology and its various subfields, including forensic archaeology and forensic taphonomy, in a legal setting.
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Forensic arts
Forensic art is any art used in law enforcement or legal proceedings.
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Forensic science
Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly—on the criminal side—during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.
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Fourth Dynasty of Egypt
The Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (notated Dynasty IV or Dynasty 4) is characterized as a "golden age" of the Old Kingdom of Egypt.
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François de La Boullaye-Le Gouz
François de La Boullaye-Le Gouz (1623 – 1668/1669?), was a French aristocrat and extensive traveller.
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Frederic Louis Norden
Frederic Louis Norden (22 October 1708 – 22 September 1742) was a Danish naval captain and explorer.
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Gaston Maspero
Sir Gaston Camille Charles Maspero (June 23, 1846 – June 30, 1916) was a French Egyptologist known for popularizing the term "Sea Peoples" in an 1881 paper.
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Geologist
A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth as well as the processes that shape it.
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George Sandys
George Sandys ("sands"; 2 March 1578 – March 1644) was an English traveller, colonist, and poet.
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German Archaeological Institute
The German Archaeological Institute (Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, DAI) is an institution of research within the field of archaeology (and related fields), and a "scientific corporation", under the auspices of the federal Foreign Office of Germany.
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Giovanni Battista Caviglia
Giovanni Battista Caviglia (1770 in Genoa – September 7, 1845 in Paris) was an explorer, navigator and Italian Egyptologist.
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Giza
Giza (sometimes spelled Gizah or Jizah; الجيزة; ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲏⲥ, ⲅⲓⲍⲁ) is the third-largest city in Egypt and the capital of the Giza Governorate.
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Giza Plateau
The Giza Plateau (جيزة بلاتي) is a plateau that is located in Giza, Egypt.
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Giza pyramid complex
The Giza pyramid complex (أهرامات الجيزة,, "pyramids of Giza") is an archaeological site on the Giza Plateau, on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.
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Graham Hancock
Graham Hancock (born 2 August 1950) is a British author and reporter.
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Granite
Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture.
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Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu or the Pyramid of Cheops) is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt.
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Hellenization
Hellenization or Hellenisation is the historical spread of ancient Greek culture, religion and, to a lesser extent, language, over foreign peoples conquered by Greeks or brought into their sphere of influence, particularly during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great in the fourth century BC.
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Hieroglyph
A hieroglyph (Greek for "sacred writing") was a character of the ancient Egyptian writing system.
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Historical revisionism
In historiography, the term historical revisionism identifies the re-interpretation of the historical record.
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Horizon (UK TV series)
Horizon is an ongoing and long-running British documentary television series on BBC that covers science and philosophy.
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Horus
Horus is one of the most significant ancient Egyptian deities.
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Iconoclasm
IconoclasmLiterally, "image-breaking", from κλάω.
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Iconography
Iconography, as a branch of art history, studies the identification, description, and the interpretation of the content of images: the subjects depicted, the particular compositions and details used to do so, and other elements that are distinct from artistic style.
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Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
The Institut français d'archéologie orientale (or IFAO), also known as the French Institute for Oriental Archaeology in Cairo is a French research institute based in Cairo, Egypt, dedicated to the study of the archaeology, history and languages of the various periods of Egypt's civilisation.
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International Association for Identification
The International Association for Identification (IAI) is the largest forensic organization in the world.
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Inventory Stela
The Inventory Stela (also known as King's Daughter's Stela) is an Ancient Egyptian commemorative tablet dating to the 26th Dynasty (c. 670 BC).
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Jean de Thévenot
Jean de Thévenot (16 June 1633 – 28 November 1667) was a French traveller in the East, who wrote extensively about his journeys.
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Jean-Léon Gérôme
Jean-Léon Gérôme (11 May 1824 – 10 January 1904) was a French painter and sculptor in the style now known as academicism.
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Johann Michael Vansleb
Johann Michael Vansleb (1 November 1635 – 1679) was a German theologian, linguist and Egypt traveller.
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John Anthony West
John Anthony West (July 9, 1932 – February 6, 2018) was an American author, lecturer, guide and a proponent of the Sphinx water erosion hypothesis in geology.
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John Greaves
John Greaves (1602 – 8 October 1652) was an English mathematician, astronomer and antiquarian.
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John Lawson Stoddard
John Lawson Stoddard (April 24, 1850 – June 5, 1931) was an American writer, hymn writer and lecturer who gained popularity through his travelogues.
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Joos van Ghistele
Joos van Ghistele (ca. 1446 in Ghentca. 1525) was a Flemish nobleman who spent four years (1481-1485) travelling around in the Middle East and southern Europe, including Italy, Greece, the Balkans, Tunisia, the Levant, Egypt and the Red Sea all the way down to Aden.
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Khafra
Khafra (also read as Khafre, Khefren and Χεφρήν Chephren) was an ancient Egyptian king (pharaoh) of the 4th dynasty during the Old Kingdom.
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Khanqah
A khanqah or khaniqah (also transliterated as khankahs, khaneqa, khanegah or khaneqah (خانقاه)), also known as a ribat (رباط) – among other terms – is a building designed specifically for gatherings of a Sufi brotherhood or tariqa and is a place for spiritual retreat and character reformation.
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Khepri
Khepri (Egyptian: ḫprj, also transliterated Khepera, Kheper, Khepra, Chepri) is a god in the ancient Egyptian religion.
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Khufu
Khufu (full name Khnum Khufu, known to the Greeks as Cheops, was an ancient Egyptian monarch who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty, in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC). Khufu was the second ruler of the 4th dynasty; he followed his possible father, king Sneferu, on the throne. He is generally accepted as having commissioned the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, but many other aspects of his reign are rather poorly documented. The only completely preserved portrait of the king is a three-inch high ivory figurine found in a temple ruin of a later period at Abydos in 1903. All other reliefs and statues were found in fragments, and many buildings of Khufu are lost. Everything known about Khufu comes from inscriptions in his necropolis at Giza and later documents. For example, Khufu is the main character noted in the Papyrus Westcar from the 13th dynasty. Most documents that mention king Khufu were written by ancient Egyptian and Greek historians around 300 BC. Khufu's obituary is presented there in a conflicting way: while the king enjoyed a long lasting cultural heritage preservation during the period of the Old Kingdom and the New Kingdom, the ancient historians Manetho, Diodorus and Herodotus hand down a very negative depiction of Khufu's character. Thanks to these documents, an obscure and critical picture of Khufu's personality persists.
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Kryštof Harant
Kryštof Harant of Polžice and Bezdružice (Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic, 1564 – June 21, 1621) was a Czech nobleman, traveler, humanist, soldier, writer and composer.
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Language change
Language change is variation over time in a language's phonological, morphological, semantic, syntactic, and other features.
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Late Period of ancient Egypt
The Late Period of ancient Egypt refers to the last flowering of native Egyptian rulers after the Third Intermediate Period from the 26th Saite Dynasty into Achaemenid Persian conquests and ended with the conquest by Alexander the Great and establishment of the Ptolemaic Kingdom.
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Legendary creature
A legendary, mythical, or mythological creature, traditionally called a fabulous beast or fabulous creature, is a fictitious, imaginary and often supernatural animal, often a hybrid, sometimes part human, whose existence has not or cannot be proved and that is described in folklore or fiction but also in historical accounts before history became a science.
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Leo (constellation)
Leo is one of the constellations of the zodiac, lying between Cancer the crab to the west and Virgo the maiden to the east.
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Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.
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Lion
The lion (Panthera leo) is a species in the cat family (Felidae).
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Lion (heraldry)
The lion is a common charge in heraldry.
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List of colossal sculpture in situ
This is a list of colossal sculptures that were carved in situ (or "in place"), sometimes referred to as "living rock".
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List of tallest statues
This list of the tallest statues includes completed statues that are at least 30 meters tall, which was the assumed height of the Colossus of Rhodes.
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Lower Egypt
Lower Egypt (مصر السفلى.) is the northernmost region of Egypt: the fertile Nile Delta, between Upper Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea — from El Aiyat, south of modern-day Cairo, and Dahshur.
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Mamluk
Mamluk (Arabic: مملوك mamlūk (singular), مماليك mamālīk (plural), meaning "property", also transliterated as mamlouk, mamluq, mamluke, mameluk, mameluke, mamaluke or marmeluke) is an Arabic designation for slaves.
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Manuel de Codage
The Manuel de Codage, abbreviated MdC, is a standard system for the computer-encoding of transliterations of Egyptian hieroglyphic texts.
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Mark Lehner
Mark Lehner is an American archaeologist with more than 30 years of experience excavating in Egypt.
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Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.
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Mintaka
Mintaka, also designated Delta Orionis (δ Orionis, abbreviated Delta Ori, δ Ori) and 34 Orionis (34 Ori) is a multiple star some 1,200 light years from the Sun in the constellation of Orion.
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Monolith
A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains, or a single large piece of rock placed as, or within, a monument or building.
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Monumental sculpture
The term monumental sculpture is often used in art history and criticism, but not always consistently.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Natural science
Natural science is a branch of science concerned with the description, prediction, and understanding of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
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NBC
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast.
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Nemes
The nemes is the striped headcloth worn by pharaohs in ancient Egypt.
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New Kingdom of Egypt
The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, is the period in ancient Egyptian history between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC, covering the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties of Egypt.
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New York City Police Department
The City of New York Police Department, commonly known as the NYPD, is the primary law enforcement and investigation agency within the five boroughs of New York City.
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Nile
The Nile River (النيل, Egyptian Arabic en-Nīl, Standard Arabic an-Nīl; ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro; Ancient Egyptian: Ḥ'pī and Jtrw; Biblical Hebrew:, Ha-Ye'or or, Ha-Shiḥor) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.
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Nummulite
Fossil nummulites in Urbasa, Navarre A nummulite is a large lenticular fossil, characterized by its numerous coils, subdivided by septa into chambers.
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Old Kingdom of Egypt
The Old Kingdom, in ancient Egyptian history, is the period in the third millennium (c. 2686–2181 BC) also known as the 'Age of the Pyramids' or 'Age of the Pyramid Builders' as it includes the great 4th Dynasty when King Sneferu perfected the art of pyramid building and the pyramids of Giza were constructed under the kings Khufu, Khafre and Menkaure.
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Olfert Dapper
Olfert Dapper (January 1636 – 29 December 1689) was a Dutch physician and writer.
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Orion (constellation)
Orion is a prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and visible throughout the world.
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Orion correlation theory
The Orion correlation theory (or Giza-Orion correlation theory) is a hypothesis in alternative Egyptology.
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Orion's Belt
Orion's Belt or the Belt of Orion, also known as the Three Kings or Three Sisters, is an asterism in the constellation Orion.
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Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is a period in human prehistory distinguished by the original development of stone tools that covers c. 95% of human technological prehistory.
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Paul Lucas (traveller)
Paul Lucas (1664 in Quevilly near Rouen – 1737 in Madrid) was a French merchant, naturalist, physician and antiquarian to King Louis XIV.
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Pharaoh
Pharaoh (ⲡⲣ̅ⲣⲟ Prro) is the common title of the monarchs of ancient Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150 BCE) until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Empire in 30 BCE, although the actual term "Pharaoh" was not used contemporaneously for a ruler until circa 1200 BCE.
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Phonetics
Phonetics (pronounced) is the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech, or—in the case of sign languages—the equivalent aspects of sign.
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Pierre Belon
Pierre Belon (1517–1564) was a French traveler, naturalist, writer and diplomat.
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Printmaking
Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper.
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Prostitution
Prostitution is the business or practice of engaging in sexual activity in exchange for payment.
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Pseudoarchaeology
Pseudoarchaeology—also known as alternative archaeology, fringe archaeology, fantastic archaeology, or cult archaeology—refers to interpretations of the past from outside of the archaeological science community, which reject the accepted datagathering and analytical methods of the discipline.
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Pyramid of Khafre
The Pyramid of Khafre or of Chephren (translit) is the second-tallest and second-largest of the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids of Giza and the tomb of the Fourth-Dynasty pharaoh Khafre (Chefren), who ruled from to 2532 BC.
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Quarry
A quarry is a place from which dimension stone, rock, construction aggregate, riprap, sand, gravel, or slate has been excavated from the ground.
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Ra
Ra (rꜥ or rˤ; also transliterated rˤw; cuneiform: ri-a or ri-ia) or Re (ⲣⲏ, Rē) is the ancient Egyptian sun god.
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Rain
Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then becomes heavy enough to fall under gravity.
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Rainer Stadelmann
Dr.
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Ramesses II
Ramesses II (variously also spelt Rameses or Ramses; born; died July or August 1213 BC; reigned 1279–1213 BC), also known as Ramesses the Great, was the third pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt.
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Richard Pococke
Richard Pococke (19 November 1704 – 25 September 1765)Notes and Queries, p. 129.
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Robert Bauval
Robert Bauval (born in Alexandria, Egypt) is a Belgian author, lecturer, and Ancient Egypt researcher, perhaps best known for his Orion Correlation Theory regarding the Giza pyramid complex.
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Robert K. G. Temple
Robert Kyle Grenville Temple (born 1945) is an American author best known for his controversial book The Sirius Mystery: New Scientific Evidence of Alien Contact 5,000 Years Ago (first published in 1976 though he began writing it in 1967, with a second edition in 1998 with a new title).
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Robert M. Schoch
Robert M. Schoch is an American associate professor of Natural Sciences at the College of General Studies, Boston University.
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Romanization of Greek
Romanization of Greek is the transliteration (letter-mapping) or transcription (sound-mapping) of text from the Greek alphabet into the Latin alphabet.
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Rosetta
Rosetta (رشيد; Rosette; ⲣⲁϣⲓⲧ Rashit) is a port city of the Nile Delta, located east of Alexandria, in Egypt's Beheira governorate.
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Season of the Inundation
The Season of the Inundation or Flood (Ꜣḫt) was the first season of the lunar and civil Egyptian calendars.
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Second Japanese Embassy to Europe (1863)
The Second Japanese Embassy to Europe (第２回遣欧使節, also 横浜鎖港談判使節団), also called the Ikeda Mission, was sent on December 29, 1863 by the Tokugawa shogunate.
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Selim Hassan
Selim Hassan (سليم حسن Arabic)(1887–1961) was an Egyptian Egyptologist.
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Shrine
A shrine (scrinium "case or chest for books or papers"; Old French: escrin "box or case") is a holy or sacred place, which is dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, daemon, or similar figure of awe and respect, at which they are venerated or worshipped.
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Sphinx
A sphinx (Σφίγξ, Boeotian: Φίξ, plural sphinxes or sphinges) is a mythical creature with the head of a human and the body of a lion.
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Sufism
Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.
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Supreme Council of Antiquities
The Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA) was a department within the Egyptian Ministry of Culture from 1994 until January 2011, when it became an independent ministry, the Ministry of State for Antiquities (MSA).
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Talisman
A talisman is an object that someone believes holds magical properties that bring good luck to the possessor or protect the possessor from evil or harm.
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Temple
A temple (from the Latin word templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual rituals and activities such as prayer and sacrifice.
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The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.
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Thomas Young (scientist)
Thomas Young FRS (13 June 1773 – 10 May 1829) was a British polymath and physician.
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Thutmose IV
Thutmose IV (sometimes read as Thutmosis or Tuthmosis IV, Thothmes in older history works in Latinized Greek; Ancient Egyptian: /ḏḥwty.ms/ Djehutymes, meaning "Thoth is born") was the 8th Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt, who ruled in approximately the 14th century BC.
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Timewatch
Timewatch is a long-running British television series showing documentaries on historical subjects, spanning all human history.
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Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt
The Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt (notated Dynasty XXVI, alternatively 26th Dynasty or Dynasty 26) was the last native dynasty to rule Egypt before the Persian conquest in 525 BC (although others followed).
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Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt (صعيد مصر, shortened to الصعيد) is the strip of land on both sides of the Nile that extends between Nubia and downriver (northwards) to Lower Egypt.
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Vandalism
Vandalism is an "action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property".
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Vincent Stochove
Vincent Stochove or Vincent de Stochove (1610–1679) was a traveller best known for his French-language book Voyage du Levant describing his travels in the 1630s through The Levant, including Turkey, Syria, Palestine, and Egypt.
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Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie
Voyage d'Egypte et de Nubie (1755) records Frederic Louis Norden's extensive documentation and drawings of his voyage though Egypt in 1737–38.
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Weathering
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.
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Wheaton, Illinois
Wheaton is a suburban city in Milton and Winfield Townships and is the county seat of DuPage County, Illinois.
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Wilhelm von Boldensele
Wilhelm von Boldensele (c. 1285 – 1338/39) was a German knight and oriental traveler from Lower Saxony.
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Zahi Hawass
Zahi Hawass (زاهي حواس; born May 28, 1947) is an Egyptian archaeologist, an Egyptologist, and former Minister of State for Antiquities Affairs.
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10,000 BC (film)
10,000 BC is a 2008 American epic adventure film from Warner Bros. set in the prehistoric era, about the journeys of a prehistoric tribe of mammoth hunters.
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2008 in film
The year 2008 involved many major movie events.
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Egyptian Sphinx, Giza Sphinx, Giza sphinx, Great Sphinx, Great Sphinx of Gizeh, Great Sphynx, Muhammad Sa'im al-Dahr, Sphinx age, Sphinx of Giza, Sphinx temple, The Great Sphinx, The Sphinx, The Sphinx of Giza.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Sphinx_of_Giza
