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109 relations: Advanced Encryption Standard, Alex Halderman, Algorithm, Application layer, Authentication, Backdoor (computing), Bell Labs, Block cipher, Block cipher mode of operation, Bullrun (decryption program), Bump-in-the-wire, Certificate authority, Columbia University, Communication protocol, Computing, Confidentiality, Cryptographic nonce, DARPA, Data Encryption Standard, Data integrity, Datagram, Device driver, Differentiated services, Diffie–Hellman key exchange, Digital Signal 1, Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network, Encapsulation (networking), Encryption, Equation Group, Explicit Congestion Notification, Galois/Counter Mode, Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present), Hash function, HMAC, Information hiding, Information security, Integrity, International Data Encryption Algorithm, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, Internet Engineering Task Force, Internet Key Exchange, Internet layer, Internet protocol suite, Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol, IP fragmentation, IP multicast, IPsec, IPv4, IPv4 header checksum, IPv6, ..., Kaspersky Lab, Kerberized Internet Negotiation of Keys, Kernel (operating system), Key (cryptography), List of DNS record types, List of IP protocol numbers, Logjam (computer security), Maximum transmission unit, MD5, Message authentication, Monotonic function, Mutual authentication, NAT traversal, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Security Agency, Network address translation, Network packet, Offset (computer science), Open standard, Operating system, Opportunistic encryption, OSI model, Path MTU Discovery, Port (computer networking), PostScript, Pre-shared key, Protocol stack, Public key certificate, Public-key cryptography, Replay attack, Request for Comments, Secure cryptoprocessor, Secure Hash Algorithms, Secure Shell, Security association, Security Parameter Index, Session key, SHA-1, SHA-2, Side-channel attack, Simple Network Management Protocol, Sliding window protocol, SunOS, SwIPe (protocol), Symmetric-key algorithm, Tcpcrypt, The Register, Theo de Raadt, Time to live, Transport layer, Transport Layer Security, Triple DES, Trusted Information Systems, Tunneling protocol, Type of service, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Virtual private network, White House, Zero-day (computing). Expand index (59 more) »
Advanced Encryption Standard
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael, is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
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Alex Halderman
J.
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Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.
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Application layer
An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared communications protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network.
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Authentication
Authentication (from authentikos, "real, genuine", from αὐθέντης authentes, "author") is the act of confirming the truth of an attribute of a single piece of data claimed true by an entity.
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Backdoor (computing)
A backdoor is a method, often secret, of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer system, a product, or an embedded device (e.g. a home router), or its embodiment, e.g. as part of a cryptosystem, an algorithm, a chipset, or a "homunculus computer" (such as that as found in Intel's AMT technology).
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Bell Labs
Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Labs) is an American research and scientific development company, owned by Finnish company Nokia.
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Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called a block, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.
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Block cipher mode of operation
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide an information service such as confidentiality or authenticity.
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Bullrun (decryption program)
Bullrun (stylized BULLRUN) is a clandestine, highly classified program to crack encryption of online communications and data, which is run by the United States National Security Agency (NSA).
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Bump-in-the-wire
The term bump-in-the-wire (BITW) refers to a communications device which can be inserted into existing (legacy) systems to enhance the integrity, confidentiality, or reliability of communications across an existing logical link without altering the communications endpoints.
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Certificate authority
In cryptography, a certificate authority or certification authority (CA) is an entity that issues digital certificates.
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Columbia University
Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.
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Communication protocol
In telecommunication, a communication protocol is a system of rules that allow two or more entities of a communications system to transmit information via any kind of variation of a physical quantity.
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Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers.
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Confidentiality
Confidentiality involves a set of rules or a promise usually executed through confidentiality agreements that limits access or places restrictions on certain types of information.
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Cryptographic nonce
In cryptography, a nonce is an arbitrary number that can be used just once.
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DARPA
The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.
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Data Encryption Standard
The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a symmetric-key algorithm for the encryption of electronic data.
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Data integrity
Data integrity is the maintenance of, and the assurance of the accuracy and consistency of, data over its entire life-cycle, and is a critical aspect to the design, implementation and usage of any system which stores, processes, or retrieves data.
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Datagram
A datagram is a basic transfer unit associated with a packet-switched network.
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Device driver
In computing, a device driver is a computer program that operates or controls a particular type of device that is attached to a computer.
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Differentiated services
Differentiated services or DiffServ is a computer networking architecture that specifies a simple and scalable mechanism for classifying and managing network traffic and providing quality of service (QoS) on modern IP networks.
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Diffie–Hellman key exchange
Diffie–Hellman key exchange (DH)Synonyms of Diffie–Hellman key exchange include.
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Digital Signal 1
Digital Signal 1 (DS1, sometimes DS-1) is a T-carrier signaling scheme devised by Bell Labs.
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Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network
Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network (DMVPN) is a dynamic tunneling form of a virtual private network (VPN) supported on Cisco IOS-based routers, Huawei AR G3 routers and USG firewalls, and on Unix-like operating systems.
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Encapsulation (networking)
In computer networking, encapsulation is a method of designing modular communication protocols in which logically separate functions in the network are abstracted from their underlying structures by inclusion or information hiding within higher level objects.
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Encryption
In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.
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Equation Group
"Equation Group" is an informal name for the Tailored Access Operations (TAO) unit of the United States National Security Agency (NSA).
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Explicit Congestion Notification
Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is an extension to the Internet Protocol and to the Transmission Control Protocol and is defined in RFC 3168 (2001).
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Galois/Counter Mode
Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation for symmetric key cryptographic block ciphers that has been widely adopted because of its efficiency and performance.
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Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)
Ongoing news reports in the international media have revealed operational details about the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and its international partners' global surveillance of foreign nationals and U.S. citizens.
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Hash function
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to data of a fixed size.
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HMAC
In cryptography, an HMAC (sometimes disabbreviated as either keyed-hash message authentication code or hash-based message authentication code) is a specific type of message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function and a secret cryptographic key.
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Information hiding
In computer science, information hiding is the principle of segregation of the design decisions in a computer program that are most likely to change, thus protecting other parts of the program from extensive modification if the design decision is changed.
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Information security
Information security, sometimes shortened to InfoSec, is the practice of preventing unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording or destruction of information.
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Integrity
Integrity is the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles, or moral uprightness.
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International Data Encryption Algorithm
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), originally called Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991.
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Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a function of ICANN, a nonprofit private American corporation that oversees global IP address allocation, autonomous system number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and Internet numbers.
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Internet Engineering Task Force
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) develops and promotes voluntary Internet standards, in particular the standards that comprise the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP).
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Internet Key Exchange
In computing, Internet Key Exchange (IKE, sometimes IKEv1 or IKEv2, depending on version) is the protocol used to set up a security association (SA) in the IPsec protocol suite.
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Internet layer
The internet layer is a group of internetworking methods, protocols, and specifications in the Internet protocol suite that are used to transport datagrams (packets) from the originating host across network boundaries, if necessary, to the destination host specified by an IP address.
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Internet protocol suite
The Internet protocol suite is the conceptual model and set of communications protocols used on the Internet and similar computer networks.
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Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol
ISAKMP (Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol) is a protocol defined by RFC 2408 for establishing '''S'''ecurity '''A'''ssociations (SA) and cryptographic keys in an Internet environment.
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IP fragmentation
An example of the fragmentation of a protocol data unit in a given layer into smaller fragments. IP fragmentation is an Internet Protocol (IP) process that breaks packets into smaller pieces (fragments), so that the resulting pieces can pass through a link with a smaller maximum transmission unit (MTU) than the original packet size.
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IP multicast
IP multicast is a method of sending Internet Protocol (IP) datagrams to a group of interested receivers in a single transmission.
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IPsec
In computing, Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) is a secure network protocol suite of IPv4 that authenticates and encrypts the packets of data sent over an IPv4 network.
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IPv4
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP).
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IPv4 header checksum
The IPv4 header checksum is a simple checksum used in version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) to protect the header of IPv4 data packets against data corruption.
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IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet.
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Kaspersky Lab
Kaspersky Lab (/kæˈspɜːrski/; Russian: Лаборатория Касперского, Laboratoriya Kasperskogo) is a multinational cybersecurity and anti-virus provider headquartered in Moscow, Russia and operated by a holding company in the United Kingdom.
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Kerberized Internet Negotiation of Keys
Kerberized Internet Negotiation of Keys (KINK) is a protocol defined in RFC 4430 used to set up an IPsec security association (SA), similar to Internet Key Exchange (IKE), utilizing the Kerberos protocol to allow trusted third parties to handle authentication of peers and management of security policies in a centralized fashion.
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Kernel (operating system)
The kernel is a computer program that is the core of a computer's operating system, with complete control over everything in the system.
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Key (cryptography)
In cryptography, a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm.
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List of DNS record types
This list of DNS record types is an overview of resource records (RRs) permissible in zone files of the Domain Name System (DNS).
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List of IP protocol numbers
Below are the Assigned Internet Protocol Numbers found in the Protocol field of the IPv4 header and the Next Header field of the IPv6 header.
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Logjam (computer security)
Logjam is a security vulnerability against a Diffie–Hellman key exchange ranging from 512-bit (US export-grade) to 1024-bit keys.
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Maximum transmission unit
In computer networking, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network layer transaction.
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MD5
The MD5 algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value.
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Message authentication
In information security, message authentication or data origin authentication is a property that a message has not been modified while in transit (data integrity) and that the receiving party can verify the source of the message.
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Monotonic function
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order.
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Mutual authentication
Mutual authentication or two-way authentication refers to two parties authenticating each other at the same time, being a default mode of authentication in some protocols (IKE, SSH) and optional in others (TLS).
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NAT traversal
Network address translator traversal is a computer networking technique of establishing and maintaining Internet protocol connections across gateways that implement network address translation (NAT).
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National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.
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National Security Agency
The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence.
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Network address translation
Network address translation (NAT) is a method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.
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Network packet
A network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network.
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Offset (computer science)
In computer science, an offset within an array or other data structure object is an integer indicating the distance (displacement) between the beginning of the object and a given element or point, presumably within the same object.
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Open standard
An open standard is a standard that is publicly available and has various rights to use associated with it, and may also have various properties of how it was designed (e.g. open process).
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Operating system
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
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Opportunistic encryption
Opportunistic encryption (OE) refers to any system that, when connecting to another system, attempts to encrypt the communications channel, otherwise falling back to unencrypted communications.
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OSI model
The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the communication functions of a telecommunication or computing system without regard to its underlying internal structure and technology.
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Path MTU Discovery
Path MTU Discovery (PMTUD) is a standardized technique in computer networking for determining the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size on the network path between two Internet Protocol (IP) hosts, usually with the goal of avoiding IP fragmentation.
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Port (computer networking)
In computer networking, a port is an endpoint of communication in an operating system, which identifies a specific process or a type of network service running on that system.
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PostScript
PostScript (PS) is a page description language in the electronic publishing and desktop publishing business.
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Pre-shared key
In cryptography, a pre-shared key (PSK) is a shared secret which was previously shared between the two parties using some secure channel before it needs to be used.
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Protocol stack
The protocol stack or network stack is an implementation of a computer networking protocol suite or protocol family.
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Public key certificate
In cryptography, a public key certificate, also known as a digital certificate or identity certificate, is an electronic document used to prove the ownership of a public key.
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Public-key cryptography
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is any cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys which may be disseminated widely, and private keys which are known only to the owner.
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Replay attack
A replay attack (also known as playback attack) is a form of network attack in which a valid data transmission is maliciously or fraudulently repeated or delayed.
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Request for Comments
In information and communications technology, a Request for Comments (RFC) is a type of publication from the technology community.
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Secure cryptoprocessor
A secure cryptoprocessor is a dedicated computer on a chip or microprocessor for carrying out cryptographic operations, embedded in a packaging with multiple physical security measures, which give it a degree of tamper resistance.
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Secure Hash Algorithms
The Secure Hash Algorithms are a family of cryptographic hash functions published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a U.S. Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS), including.
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Secure Shell
Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network.
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Security association
A Security Association (SA) is the establishment of shared security attributes between two network entities to support secure communication.
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Security Parameter Index
The Security Parameter Index (SPI) is an identification tag added to the header while using IPsec for tunneling the IP traffic.
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Session key
A session key is a single-use symmetric key used for encrypting all messages in one communication session.
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SHA-1
In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a cryptographic hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message digest - typically rendered as a hexadecimal number, 40 digits long.
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SHA-2
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA).
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Side-channel attack
In computer security, a side-channel attack is any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system, rather than weaknesses in the implemented algorithm itself (e.g. cryptanalysis and software bugs).
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Simple Network Management Protocol
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is an Internet Standard protocol for collecting and organizing information about managed devices on IP networks and for modifying that information to change device behavior.
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Sliding window protocol
A sliding window protocol is a feature of packet-based data transmission protocols.
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SunOS
SunOS is a Unix-branded operating system developed by Sun Microsystems for their workstation and server computer systems.
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SwIPe (protocol)
The swIPe IP Security Protocol (swIPe) is an experimental Internet Protocol (IP) security protocol that was specified in 1993.
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Symmetric-key algorithm
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both encryption of plaintext and decryption of ciphertext.
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Tcpcrypt
In computer networking, tcpcrypt is a transport layer communication encryption protocol.
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The Register
The Register (nicknamed El Reg) is a British technology news and opinion website co-founded in 1994 by Mike Magee, John Lettice and Ross Alderson.
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Theo de Raadt
Theo de Raadt (born May 19, 1968) is a software engineer who lives in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Time to live
Time to live (TTL) or hop limit is a mechanism that limits the lifespan or lifetime of data in a computer or network.
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Transport layer
In computer networking, the transport layer is a conceptual division of methods in the layered architecture of protocols in the network stack in the Internet Protocol Suite and the OSI model.
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Transport Layer Security
Transport Layer Security (TLS) – and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), which is now deprecated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) – are cryptographic protocols that provide communications security over a computer network.
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Triple DES
In cryptography, Triple DES (3DES), officially the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block.
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Trusted Information Systems
Trusted Information Systems (TIS) was a computer security research and development company during the 1980s and 1990s, performing computer and communications (information) security research for organizations such as NSA, DARPA, ARL, AFRL, SPAWAR, and others.
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Tunneling protocol
In computer networks, a tunneling protocol is a communications protocol that allows for the secure movement of data from one network to another.
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Type of service
The type of service (ToS) field in the IPv4 header has had various purposes over the years, and has been defined in different ways by five RFCs.
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United States Naval Research Laboratory
The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps.
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Virtual private network
A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network, and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States.
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Zero-day (computing)
A zero-day (also known as 0-day) vulnerability is a computer-software vulnerability that is unknown to those who would be interested in mitigating the vulnerability (including the vendor of the target software).
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Authentication Header, Encapsulating Security Payload, IP Security, IPSEC, IPSec, IPSecME, IPsec implementations, IPsec tunnelling, Internet Protocol Security, Ip security, Ipsec.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPsec
