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250 relations: Aaron, Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib, Abbasid Caliphate, Abd Allah ibn Abbas, Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, Abdul Hussain Jivaji, Abdul Qadir Ebrahimji, Abdul-Muttalib, Abdullah al-Aftah, Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah, Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib, Abraham, Abu Hanifa, Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Uthman, Abu Muslim, Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi, Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Abul Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri, Abul Qasim Husayn ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti, Ad-Darazi, Adam, Aga Khan, Aga Khan IV, Ahl al-Bayt, Ahmad al-Wafi, Akhbari, Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah, Al-Aziz Billah, Al-Hafiz, Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Al-Khaṣībī, Al-Mansur Billah, Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah, Al-Muqanna, Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin, Al-Musta'li, Al-Mustansir Billah, Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah, Alamut Castle, Alavi Bohras, Alawites, Aleviler, Alevism, Ali, Ali al-Hadi, Ali al-Ridha, Ali az-Zahir, Ali ibn Babawayh Qummi, Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, ..., Ali-Illahism, Alians, Alid dynasties of northern Iran, Allah, Aminah, Amr ibn Hishām, Arabati Baba Teḱe, Arabic, Arwa al-Sulayhi, Asad ibn Hashim, Asghar Ali Engineer, Assassins, At-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim, Atba-e-Malak Badar, Atba-i-Malak, Atba-i-Malak Vakil, Azali, Baba Rexheb, Babak Khorramdin, Badakhshan Province, Badruddin Ghulam Hussain Miya Khan Saheb, Bahá'í Faith, Bahá'u'lláh, Balım Sultan, Banu Hanifa, Barrah bint Abdul Uzza, Batiniyya, Báb, Bábism, Bektashi Order, Bektashism and folk religion, Caliphate, Da'i al-Mutlaq, Dawah, Dawoodi Bohra, Demir Baba Teke, Dhu'ayb ibn Musa, Din (Arabic), Divine grace, Doctrine, Druze, Encyclopædia Britannica Online, Encyclopædia Iranica, Family tree of Ali, Family tree of Muhammad, Fathite, Fatimah, Fatimah bint Amr, Fatimah bint Asad, Fatimah bint Hasan, Fatimid Caliphate, Fatwa, Fazlallah Astarabadi (Naimi), Francis Robinson, God in Islam, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, Hadith of the Twelve Successors, Hafizi, Hanafi, Hasan al-Askari, Hasan ibn Ali, Hashim ibn Abd Manaf, Hassan II (Imam), Hassan-i Sabbah, Hebtiahs Bohra, Hossein Nasr, Houthis, Hurufism, Husayn ibn Ali, Ibn Arabi, Ibn Babawayh, Ibn Nusayr, Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kazim, Ijma, Imadaddin Nasimi, Imam, Imamah (Ismaili doctrine), Imamate (Twelver doctrine), Imamate in Nizari doctrine, Imams of Yemen, Imamzadeh, Infallibility, Infobase Publishing, Iran, Ishaq al-Turk, Ishikism, Ishmael, Islam, Isma'il ibn Jafar, Isma'ilism, Ismah, Istanbul, Ja'far al-Sadiq, Ja'fari jurisprudence, Jesus, Kaysanites, Khadija bint Khuwaylid, Khawlah bint Ja'far, Khums, Khurramites, Khuwaylid ibn Asad, Kitab al-Kafi, Madhhab, Mahdi, Mahmoud Pasikhani, Mary, mother of Jesus, Mawla, Mazyar, Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah, Moses, Mosque, Muhammad, Muhammad al-Baqir, Muhammad al-Jawad, Muhammad al-Mahdi, Muhammad at-Taqi (Ahmed ibn Abadullah), Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Aftah, Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr, Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah, Muhammad ibn Isma'il, Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni, Muhammad in Islam, Muhammerah, Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, Musa al-Kadhim, Muslim, Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Musta'li, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Nasir Khusraw, Natila bint Janab, New York City, Nizar (Nizari Imam), Nizari, Nizari Ismaili state, Noah, North Yemen Civil War, Nuqtavi, Nur Ali Elahi, Occultation (Islam), Otman Baba, Pamiris, Philip Sherrard, Pir (Sufism), Prince Aly Khan, Progressive Dawoodi Bohra, Prophet, Qarmatians, Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr, Qizilbash, Quran, Quraysh, Radi Abdullah, Rashidun, Regent, Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi, Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam, Safavid dynasty, Safaviyya, Salamiyah, Sayyid, Seth, Sevener, Shahrbanu, Shaykhism, Shem, Shi'ite Islam (book), Shia Islam, Sijilmasa, Simeon (son of Jacob), Subh-i-Azal, Succession to Muhammad, Sufism, Sulayman bin Hassan, Sulaymani, Sultan Sahak, Sunni Bohra, Sunni Islam, Sunpadh, Syria, Tariqa, Tayyibi Isma'ilism, The event of Ghadir Khumm, Theology of Twelvers, Twelver, Umayyad Caliphate, Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim, Ummah, Usuli, Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi, Wahb ibn Abd Manaf, Yarsanism, Zaidiyyah, Zakat, Zayd ibn Ali. Expand index (200 more) »
Aaron
Aaron is a prophet, high priest, and the brother of Moses in the Abrahamic religions (elder brother in the case of Judaism).
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Abbas ibn Abdul-Muttalib
Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib (العباس بن عبد المطلب) (c.568 – c.653 CE) was a paternal uncle and Sahabi (companion) of Muhammad, just three years older than his nephew.
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Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Abd Allah ibn Abbas
Abd Allah ibn Abbas (عبد الله ابن عباس) or ′Abd Allah ibn al-′Abbas otherwise called (Ibn Abbas; Al-Habr; Al-Bahr; The Doctor; The Sea) was born c. 619 CE.
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Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (d. 161 AH; 776 CE), also known as Abu Hashim was a member of the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca.
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Abdul Hussain Jivaji
Abdul Hussayn Jivaji (also known as Malak) was the founder of the Atba-i-Malak branch of Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam.
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Abdul Qadir Ebrahimji
Abdul Qadir Ebrahimji was the founder of the Atba-i-Malak Vakil branch of Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam.
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Abdul-Muttalib
Shaybah ibn Hāshim c. 497 – 578), better known as ‘Abdul-Muṭṭalib, since he was raised by his uncle Muṭṭalib, was the grandfather of Islamic prophet Muḥammad.
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Abdullah al-Aftah
Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq (d.766 CE / 149 A.H.) was the eldest surviving son of Ja'far al-Sadiq (after al-Sadiq’s death) and the full-brother of Isma'il ibn Jafar.
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Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah
Abu Muḥammad ʿAlī / ʿAbd Allāh al-Mahdi Billah (873 – 4 March 934) (أبو محمد عبد الله المهدي بالله), was the founder of the Ismaili Fatimid Caliphate, the only major Shi'a caliphate in Islam, and established Fatimid rule throughout much of North Africa, Hejaz, Palestine and the Levant.
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Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib
Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib (عبدالله بن عبد المطلب) (c.546–570) was the father of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Abraham
Abraham (Arabic: إبراهيم Ibrahim), originally Abram, is the common patriarch of the three Abrahamic religions.
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Abu Hanifa
Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān b. Thābit b. Zūṭā b. Marzubān (أبو حنيفة نعمان بن ثابت بن زوطا بن مرزبان; c. 699 – 767 CE), known as Abū Ḥanīfa for short, or reverently as Imam Abū Ḥanīfa by Sunni Muslims, was an 8th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and jurist of Persian origin,Pakatchi, Ahmad and Umar, Suheyl, “Abū Ḥanīfa”, in: Encyclopaedia Islamica, Editors-in-Chief: Wilferd Madelung and, Farhad Daftary.
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Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Uthman
Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Uthman was the second of The Four Deputies after death of Uthman ibn Sa’id al-Asadi, his father and the first deputy, in Twelver Shia Islam, who appointed as the agent and deputy of the twelfth and final Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, while he was in the Minor Occultation.
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Abu Muslim
Abu Muslim Abd al-Rahman ibn Muslim al-Khorasani or al-Khurasani (أبو مسلم عبد الرحمن بن مسلم الخراساني born 718-19 or 723-27, died in 755), born Behzādān Pūr-i Vandād Hormoz (بهزادان پور ونداد هرمزد), was a Persian general in service of the Abbasid dynasty, who led the Abbasid Revolution that toppled the Umayyad dynasty.
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Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi
Abū-Saʿīd Ḥasan ibn Bahrām Jannābī was the founder of the Qarmatian state in Al-Bahrayn, in the late 9th century CE.
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Abu Tahir al-Jannabi
Abū Tāhir Sulaymān al-Jannābī (906–944) (ابو طاهر سلیمان الجنّابي) was the ruler of the Qarmatian state in Bahrain (historical region) and Eastern Arabia, who in 930 led the sacking of Mecca.
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Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib
Abū Ṭālib ibn ‘Abd al-Muṭṭalib (ابو طالب بن عبد المطلب), was the leader of Banu Hashim, a clan of the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca in the Hijaz, Arabian Peninsula.
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Abul Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri
In Twelver Shia Islam, Abul Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri(939 AD) was the fourth and last of The Four Deputies appointed by the twelfth and final Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, while he was in the Minor Occultation.
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Abul Qasim Husayn ibn Ruh al-Nawbakhti
Abul Qasim Husayn ibn Ruh Nawbakhti (died 937 or 938 AD) was the third of the four deputies appointed by twelfth Shia Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi while he was in the Minor Occultation.
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Ad-Darazi
Muhammad bin Ismail Nashtakin ad-Darazi (محمد بن اسماعيل نشتاكين الدرازي) was an 11th-century Ismaili preacher and early leader of the Druze faith who was labeled a heretic in 1016 and subsequently executed in 1018 by the Fatimid Caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah.
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Adam
Adam (ʾĀdam; Adám) is the name used in the opening chapters of the Book of Genesis for the first man created by God, but it is also used in a collective sense as "mankind" and individually as "a human".
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Aga Khan
Aga Khan (آقاخان; also transliterated as Aqa Khan and Agha Khan) is a title used also as a name by the Imam of the Nizari Ismailis, whose current holder is the 49th Imam (1957–present), Prince Shah Karim Al Husseini Aga Khan IV (b. 1936).
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Aga Khan IV
Prince Shah Karim Al Hussaini, Aga Khan IV, (شاه كريم الحسيني، الآغاخان الرابع; شاه کریم حسینی، آقاخان چهارم; شاه کریم حسینی، آغاخان چهارم; Aga Khan is also transliterated as Aqa Khan and Agha Khan; born 13 December 1936) is the 49th and current Imam of Nizari Ismailism, a denomination of Isma'ilism within Shia Islam consisting of an estimated 10-15 million adherents (10—12% of the world's Shia Muslim population).
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Ahl al-Bayt
Ahl al-Bayt (أهل البيت, اهلِ بیت), also Āl al-Bayt, is a phrase meaning, literally, "People of the House" or "Family of the House".
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Ahmad al-Wafi
Aḥmad al-Wafī (proper name: ʿAbadullāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl, عبد اللّه بن محمد بن إسماعيل; born 766-828 CE/149-212 AH in Salamiyah, Syria; Imamate 809-828 CE/193-212 AH) alias ʿAbdallāh ibn Maymūn Al-Qaddāḥ is the eighth Isma'ili Imam.
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Akhbari
The Akhbaris (اخباري) are Twelver Shia Muslims who reject the use of reasoning in deriving verdicts, and believe Quran and hadith (sayings of Prophet Muhammad and Twelve Shia Imams) as the only source of law.
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Al-Amir bi-Ahkami'l-Lah
Abū ʿAlī Manṣūr al-Āmir bi'Aḥkāmi’l-Lāh (منصور الآمر بأحكام الله‎; 31 December 1096 – 7 October 1130 (Tuesday 3 Dhu'l-Qadah 524 AH) was the tenth Fatimid Caliph (1101–1130) and the 20th Isma'ili Imam of the Musta'li sect of Shia Islam. Like his father al-Musta'li (1094–1101), al-Amir was controlled by the regent al-Afdal Shahanshah (1094–1121) and had little influence in political matters. However, after the assassination of al-Afdal in 1121 AD he managed to gain control of government. His reign was marred by the loss of Tyre to the Crusaders as well as by the continuation of the schism between the Nizari and the Mustaali. This conflict climaxed in the assassination of al-Amir on Tuesday, October 7, 1130 (3rd Dhu al-Qi'dah, 524 AH).
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Al-Aziz Billah
Abu Mansur Nizar al-Aziz Billah, commonly known as al-Aziz (10 May 955 – 14 October 996) (أبو منصور نزار العزيز بالله) was the fifth Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate (975–996).
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Al-Hafiz
Abu’l-Maymūn ‘Abd al-Majīd ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Mustanṣir al-Ḥāfiz li-Dīn-Allāh (c. 1076 – 8 October 1149) was the eleventh Caliph of the Fāṭimids (r. 1130–1149) Al-Ḥāfiz assumed the Caliphate as the cousin of the murdered al-Āmir (1101–1130).
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Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah
Abū ʿAlī Manṣūr (13 August 985 – 13 February 1021), better known by his regnal title al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh (الحاكم بأمر الله; literally "Ruler by God's Command"), was the sixth Fatimid caliph and 16th Ismaili imam (996–1021).
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Al-Khaṣībī
Abu ʿAbd-Allāh al-Ḥusayn ibn Ḥamdān al-Jonbalānī al-Khaṣībī (الحسين بن حمدان الخصيبي), mostly known as al-KhaṣībīMustafa Öz, Mezhepler Tarihi ve Terimleri Sözlüğü (History of Madh'habs), Ensar Publications, İstanbul, 2011.
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Al-Mansur Billah
Abu Tahir Ismail al-Mansur Billah (913 – 19 March 953) was the third Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya (r. 946-953).
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Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah
Abu Tamim Maad al-Muizz li-Dinillah (26 September 932 – 19 December 975) (lit), also spelled as al-Moezz, was the fourth Fatimid Caliph and 14th Ismaili imam, and reigned from 953 to 975.
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Al-Muqanna
Hashim (Arabic/Persian: هاشم), better known as al-Muqanna‘ (المقنع "The Veiled", died ca. 783. was a Persian who claimed to be a prophet, and founded a religion which was a mixture of Zoroastrianism and Islam. He was a chemist, and one of his experiments caused an explosion in which a part of his face was burnt. For the rest of his life he used a veil and thus was known as "Hashemi" ("The Veiled One"). Nafisi and Arian-Pour have elaborated him on the "Khorrām-Dīnān" armies.
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Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin
Baha'uddin 'Ali ibn Ahmad ibn ad-Dayf, also known as Al-Muqtana Baha'uddin, Baha'uddin al-Muqtana, Bahā'a ad-Dīn, Bahā'a ad-Dīn, Ali ibn Ahmad, Baha' al-Din, Ali ibn ad-Dayf, Ali b ad-Tai or Baha'u d-Din as-Samuqi (born 979 – died 1043 CE) was an 11th-century Ismaili, and founding leader of the Druze.
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Al-Musta'li
Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad al-Musta‘lī bil-Lāh (16 September 1094 – 12 December 1101, أبو القاسم أحمد المستعلي بالله) was the ninth Fatimid caliph, and believed by the Musta'li sect of Isma'ilism to be the nineteenth Imam.
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Al-Mustansir Billah
Abū Tamīm Ma‘ad al-Mustanṣir bi-llāh (أبو تميم معد المستنصر بالله.‎; July 5, 1029 – January 10, 1094) was the eighth caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate from 1036 until 1094.
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Al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah
Abu'l-Qasim Muhammad ibn al-Mahdi (أبو القاسم محمد بن المهدي القائم بأمر الله; April 893 – 17 May 946), better known by his regnal name al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah or bi-Amri 'llah (القائم بأمر الله, "He who carries out God's orders"), was the second caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate in Ifriqiya and ruled from 934 to 946.
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Alamut Castle
Alamut (الموت, meaning "eagle's nest") was a mountain fortress located in Alamut region in the South Caspian province of Daylam near the Rudbar region in Persia, approximately 100 km (60 mi) from present-day Tehran.
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Alavi Bohras
The Alavi Bohras (علوي بھرۃ) are a Taiyebi Musta'alavi Isma'ili Shi'i Muslim community from Gujarat, India.
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Alawites
The Alawis, also rendered as Alawites (علوية Alawiyyah/Alawīyah), are a syncretic sect of the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, primarily centered in Syria.
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Aleviler
Aleviler is an idiom to characterize the Zaydids of Tabaristan, Daylam and Gilan; the Bātinī-IsmāʿīlīsBalcıoğlu, Tahir Harimî, Türk Tarihinde Mezhep Cereyanları - The course of madh'hab events in Turkish history (Preface and notes by Hilmi Ziya Ülken), Ahmet Sait Press, 271 pages, Kanaat Publications, Istanbul, 1940.
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Alevism
Alevism (Alevîlik or Anadolu Alevîliği/Alevileri, also called Qizilbash, or Shī‘ah Imāmī-Tasawwufī Ṭarīqah, or Shīʿah-ī Bāṭen’īyyah) is a syncretic, heterodox, and local tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical (''bāṭenī'') teachings of Ali, the Twelve Imams, and a descendant—the 13th century Alevi saint Haji Bektash Veli.
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Ali
Ali (ʿAlī) (15 September 601 – 29 January 661) was the cousin and the son-in-law of Muhammad, the last prophet of Islam.
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Ali al-Hadi
Alī ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Alī (علي بن محمد بن علي; 828-868 C.E.) commonly called Ali al-Hadi and Alī an-Naqī was known as al-Hadi. He was the tenth of the Twelve Imams after his father Muhammad al-Jawad and before his son Hasan al-Askari. He remained in Medina teaching until the age of 30 when he was summoned to Samarra by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil. There he was treated roughly by the caliph and his successors until, according to Shiite accounts, he was poisoned through intrigue of Al-Mu'tazz the Abbasid caliph, in 254/868, and was buried in Samarra.
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Ali al-Ridha
'Alī ibn Mūsā ar-Riḍā (علي ابن موسى الرّضا), also called Abu al-Hasan, Ali al-Reza (29 December 765 – 23 August 818) or in Iran (Persia) as Imam Reza (امام رضا), was a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad and the eighth Shi'ite Imam, after his father Musa al-Kadhim, and before his son Muhammad al-Jawad.
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Ali az-Zahir
Abu'l Hasan ʻAlī az-Zāhir li A'zaz li Din-illah (20 June 1005 – 13 June 1036) (الظاهر بالله) was the Seventh Caliph of the Fātimids (1021–1036).
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Ali ibn Babawayh Qummi
Ali ibn Babawayh Qummi (died 939) was a Twelver Shi'a scholar from the time of the Ghaybat al-Sughra.
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Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin
Ali ibn Husayn (علي بن الحسين) known as Zayn al-Abidin (the adornment of the worshippers) and Imam al-Sajjad (The Prostrating Imam), was the fourth Shia Imam, after his father Husayn, his uncle Hasan, and his grandfather Ali.
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Ali-Illahism
Ali Illahism (علیاللّهی) is a name attributed to a syncretic religion which has been practiced in parts of Iranian Luristan, Pakistan, and India which combines elements of Shia Islam with older religions.
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Alians
The Alian Kızılbaşī community (in Turkish Alyanlar or Tajiklar), are a Shi`a order, similar to the Sufi Mevlevi, who live in several regions of Bulgaria.
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Alid dynasties of northern Iran
Alid dynasties of northern Iran or Alâvids.
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Allah
Allah (translit) is the Arabic word for God in Abrahamic religions.
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Aminah
Aminah bint Wahb (آمنة بنت وهب; died 577 AD) was the mother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Amr ibn Hishām
Amr ibn Hisham (عمرو بن هشام), often known as Abu Jahl (أبو جهل), (born 556? — died 17 March 624), was one of the Meccan polytheist pagan Qurayshi leaders known for his critical opposition towards Muhammad the Islamic prophet and the early Muslims in Mecca.
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Arabati Baba Teḱe
The Arabati Baba Tekḱe is a tekḱe located in Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Arwa al-Sulayhi
Arwa bint Asma (أروى بنت أحمد بن محمد بن جعفر بن موسى الصليحي الإسماعيلية Arwa bint Asma Muḥammad ibn Jaʿfar ibn Mūsá ṣ-Ṣulayḥī al-Ismā'īliyyah, c. 1048–1138, died 22nd Shaban, 532 AH) was the long-reigning ruler of Yemen, firstly as the co-ruler of her first two husbands and then as sole ruler, from 1067 until her death in 1138.
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Asad ibn Hashim
Asad ibn Hashim was the son of Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf and the brother of Abdul Muttalib.
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Asghar Ali Engineer
Asghar Ali Engineer (10 March 1939 – 14 May 2013) was an Indian reformist-writer and social activist.
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Assassins
Order of Assassins or simply Assassins (أساسين asāsīn, حشاشین Hashâshīn) is the common name used to refer to an Islamic sect formally known as the Nizari Ismailis.
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At-Tayyib Abu'l-Qasim
Al-Ṭayyib Abū'l-Qāṣim ibn al-Manṣūr (الطيب أبو القاسم بن المنصور) was, according to the Mustaali sect of Isma'ilism, the twenty-first Imam and the last Caliph of the Fatimid Caliphate.
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Atba-e-Malak Badar
The Atba-i-Malak Badar are a branch of Atba-i-Malak Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam.
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Atba-i-Malak
The Atba-i-Malak jamaat (community) are a branch of Taiyabi Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam that broke off from the mainstream Dawoodi Bohra after the death of the 46th Da'i al-Mutlaq, under the leadership of Abdul Hussain Jivaji in 1891.
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Atba-i-Malak Vakil
The Atba-i-Malak Vakil are a branch of Atba-i-Malak Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam.
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Azali
An Azali (ازلیان)Browne (1889) or Azali BábíBarrett (2001) p. 246 is a follower of the monotheistic religion of Subh-i-Azal and the Báb.
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Baba Rexheb
Rexheb Beqiri (18 August 190110 August 1995), better known by the religious name Baba Rexheb, was an Albanian Islamic scholar and Sufi.
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Babak Khorramdin
Bābak Khorramdin (Formally known as "Pāpak" meaning "Young Father") (بابک خرمدین, alternative spelling: Pāpak Khorramdin; 795, according to some other sources 798— January 838) was one of the main PersianArthur Goldschmidt, Lawrence Davidson, "A concise history of the Middle East", Westview Press; Eighth Edition (July 21, 2005).
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Badakhshan Province
Badakhshan Province (بدخشان ولایت Badaxšān wilāyat and Velâyat-e Badakhšân) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the farthest northeastern part of the country between Tajikistan and northern Pakistan.
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Badruddin Ghulam Hussain Miya Khan Saheb
Badruddin Ghulam Hussain Miya Khan Saheb was the founder of the Atba-e-Malak Badar branch of Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam.
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Bahá'í Faith
The Bahá'í Faith (بهائی) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.
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Bahá'u'lláh
Bahá'u'lláh (بهاء الله, "Glory of God"; 12 November 1817 – 29 May 1892 and Muharram 2, 1233 - Dhu'l Qa'dah 2, 1309), born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Núrí (میرزا حسینعلی نوری), was the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.
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Balım Sultan
Balım Sultan is the greatest personality in the Bektashi Order after Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli (Haji Bektash) and he is regarded as the “Second Pir”.
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Banu Hanifa
Banu Hanifa (بنو حنيفة) were an ancient Arab tribe inhabiting the area of al-Yamama in the central region of modern-day Saudi Arabia.
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Barrah bint Abdul Uzza
Barrah bint Abdul Uzza (برة بنت عبد العزى) ibn Uthman ibn Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai ibn Kilab (of the Banu Abd ad-Dar) was the maternal grandmother of Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Batiniyya
Batiniyya (Bāṭiniyyah) refers to groups that distinguish between an outer, exoteric (zāhir) and an inner, esoteric (bāṭin) meaning in Islamic scriptures.
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Báb
The Báb, born Siyyid `Alí Muhammad Shírází (سيد علی محمد شیرازی; October 20, 1819 – July 9, 1850) was the founder of Bábism, and one of the central figures of the Bahá'í Faith.
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Bábism
Bábism (بابیه, Babiyye), also known as the Bayání Faith (Persian:, Bayání), is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion which professes that there is one incorporeal, unknown, and incomprehensible GodBrowne, E.G., p. 15 who manifests his will in an unending series of theophanies, called Manifestations of God (Arabic). It has no more than a few thousand adherents according to current estimates, most of whom are concentrated in Iran.
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Bektashi Order
Bektashi Order or Shī‘ah Imāmī Alevī-Bektāshī Ṭarīqah (Tarikati Bektashi; Bektaşi Tarîkatı) is a dervish order (tariqat) named after the 13th century Alevi Wali (saint) Haji Bektash Veli from Khorasan, but founded by Balım Sultan.
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Bektashism and folk religion
Folk religious practices remain in the Bektashiyyah tariqa and certain practices are also found to a lesser extent in Balkan Christianity and non-Bektashi Balkan Islam as well, according to some Western Islamic scholars.
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Caliphate
A caliphate (خِلافة) is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (خَليفة), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).
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Da'i al-Mutlaq
The term Dā'ī al-Mutlaq or ad-Da'i ul-Mutlaq (الداعي المطلق or داعي المطلق) literally means "the absolute or unrestricted missionary" pl.
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Dawah
(also daawa or daawah; دعوة "invitation") is the proselytizing or preaching of Islam.
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Dawoodi Bohra
The Dawoodi Bohras are a sect within the Ismā'īlī branch of Shia Islam.
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Demir Baba Teke
Demir Baba Teke (Демир баба теке; Demir Baba Tekkesi) is a 16th-century Alevi mausoleum (türbe) near the village of Sveshtari, Isperih municipality, Razgrad Province in northeastern Bulgaria.
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Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
Dhu’ayb bin Mūsā al-Wādi‘ī al-Hamdānī (died 10 Muharram 546 AH (1151 CE) in Hooth, Yemen) was the first Da'i al-Mutlaq, a position of spiritual authority in Musta'li Isma'ili Islam.
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Din (Arabic)
Din (Dīn, also anglicized as Deen) is an Arabic word that roughly means "creed" or "religion".
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Divine grace
Divine grace is a theological term present in many religions.
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Doctrine
Doctrine (from doctrina, meaning "teaching", "instruction" or "doctrine") is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief system.
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Druze
The Druze (درزي or, plural دروز; דרוזי plural דרוזים) are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group originating in Western Asia who self-identify as unitarians (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn/Muwahhidun).
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Encyclopædia Britannica Online
Encyclopædia Britannica Online is the website of Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. and its Encyclopædia Britannica, with more than 120,000 articles that are updated regularly.
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Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.
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Family tree of Ali
Alī ibn Abī Tālib (عَـلِي ابـن أَﺑِﻲ طَـالِـب, 599 – 661 ACE) was an early Islamic leader.
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Family tree of Muhammad
This article is about the family tree of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.
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Fathite
The Fathites (alternately Aftahiyya, Fathiyya) are a now-defunct branch of Shia Muslims who were supporters of Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, believing him to be Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq, the sixth imam of Shiism, in 766 CE.
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Fatimah
Fatimah bint Muhammad (فاطمة;; especially colloquially: born c. 609 (or 20 Jumada al-Thani 5 BH ?) – died 28 August 632) was the youngest daughter and according to Shia Muslims, the only child of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadijah who lived to adulthood, and therefore part of Muhammad's household.
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Fatimah bint Amr
Fatimah bint Amr (فاطمة بنت عمر; died 576) was the grandmother of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and one of the wives of Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim.
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Fatimah bint Asad
Fatimah bint Asad (68 BH – 4 AH; 555–626 CE) (فاطمة بنت أسد) was the mother of Ali bin Abi Talib.
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Fatimah bint Hasan
Fātimah bint al-Hasan ibn ‘Alī (فاطمة بنت الـحسن بن علي) was a daughter of Hasan ibn ‘Alī, wife of ‘Alī ibn Husayn (fourth Twelver Imām), and mother of Muhammad al-Bāqir (fifth Twelver Imām).
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Fatimid Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate was an Islamic caliphate that spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
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Fatwa
A fatwā (فتوى; plural fatāwā فتاوى.) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law.
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Fazlallah Astarabadi (Naimi)
Fażlu l-Lāh Astar-Ābādī (فضلالله استرآبادی) (born 1339/40 in Astarābād – died 1394 in Nakhchivan), also known as Fażlullāh Tabrīzī AstarābādīIrène Mélikoff.
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Francis Robinson
Francis Christopher Rowland Robinson CBE, DL (born 23 November 1944 in Barnet) is a British historian and academic who specialises in the history of South Asia and Islam.
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God in Islam
In Islam, God (Allāh, contraction of الْإِلٰه al-ilāh, lit. "the god") is indivisible, the God, the absolute one, the all-powerful and all-knowing ruler of the universe, and the creator of everything in existence within the universe.
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Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region
The Kuhistani Badakhshan Autonomous Region (Вилояти Мухтори Кӯҳистони Бадахшон, Viloyati Muxtori Köhistoni Badaxshon; also known as Gorno-Badakhshan (after translit) is an autonomous region in eastern Tajikistan. Located in the Pamir Mountains, it makes up 45% of the land area of the country but only 3% of its population.Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of 1 January 2008, State Statistical Committee, Dushanbe, 2008.
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Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist
The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, also called the Governance of the Jurist (ولایت فقیه, Vilayat-e Faqih; ولاية الفقيه, Wilayat al-Faqih), is a post-Age-of-Occultation theory in Shia Islam which holds that Islam gives a faqīh (Islamic jurist) custodianship over people.
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Hadith of the Twelve Successors
The hadith of the twelve successors, or twelve caliphs (ḥadīth al-ithnā ‘ashar khalīfah) is an Islamic prophecy, attributed to Muhammad.
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Hafizi
The Hafizi was a branch of Mustaali Ismailism that believed the current ruler of the Fatimid Caliphate after the reign of Al-Amir Bi-Ahkamillah, Al-Hafiz was also the Imam of the Time as well as his descendants.
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Hanafi
The Hanafi (حنفي) school is one of the four religious Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh).
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Hasan al-Askari
Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad (846 – 874) was the 11th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam, after his father Ali al-Hadi.
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Hasan ibn Ali
Al-Ḥasan ibn Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (الحسن ابن علي ابن أبي طالب, 624–670 CE), commonly known as Hasan or Hassan, is the eldest son of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and of Ali, and the older brother to Husayn.
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Hashim ibn Abd Manaf
Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf al Mughirah (هاشم بن عبد مناف المغيرة; ca. 464 – 497) was the great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the progenitor of the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca.
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Hassan II (Imam)
Ḥasan ʿAlā Dhikrihi's Salām (Persian/حسن على ذكره السلام) or Hassan II was the hereditary Imam of the Nizari Ismailis from 1162 until 1166.
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Hassan-i Sabbah
Hassan-e Sabbāh (mistakenly Hassan-i Sabbāh Persian: حسن صباح Hasan-e Sabbāh) or Hassan as-Sabbāh (Arabic: حسن الصباح Ḥasan aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ) (circa 1050–1124) was the leader of the Nizārī Ismā‘īlītes and the founder of the order known as Assassins.
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Hebtiahs Bohra
The Hebtiahs Bohra are a branch of Mustaali Ismaili Shi'a Islam that broke off from the mainstream Dawoodi Bohra after the death of the 39th Da'i al-Mutlaq in 1754.
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Hossein Nasr
Hossein Nasr (سید حسین نصر, born April 7, 1933) is an Iranian professor emeritus of Islamic studies at George Washington University, and an Islamic philosopher.
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Houthis
The Houthis (الحوثيون al-Ḥūthiyyūn), officially called Ansar Allah (أنصار الله "Supporters of God"), are members of an Islamic religious-political-armed movement that emerged from Sa'dah in northern Yemen in the 1990s.
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Hurufism
Hurufism (حروفية hurufiyya, adjective form hurufi literal meaning "letters") was a Sufi doctrine, which was born in Astrabad and spread in areas of western Persia and Anatolia in later 14th – early 15th century.
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Husayn ibn Ali
Al-Ḥusayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (الحسين ابن علي ابن أبي طالب; 10 October 625 – 10 October 680) (3 Sha'aban AH 4 (in the ancient (intercalated) Arabic calendar) – 10 Muharram AH 61) (his name is also transliterated as Husayn ibn 'Alī, Husain, Hussain and Hussein), was a grandson of the Islamic ''Nabi'' (نَـبِي, Prophet) Muhammad, and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib (the first Shia Imam and the fourth Rashid caliph of Sunni Islam), and Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah.
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Ibn Arabi
Ibn ʿArabi (full name Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibnʿArabī al-Ḥātimī aṭ-Ṭāʾī أبو عبد الله محمد بن علي بن محمد بن عربي الحاتمي الطائي ‎ 26 July 1165 – 16 November 1240), was an Arab Andalusian Sufi scholar of Islam, mystic, poet, and philosopher.
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Ibn Babawayh
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawaih al-Qummi (Persian: ابو جعفر محمد بن علي بن بابويه القمي; c. 923-991), referred to as Ibn Babawayh or Al-Shaykh al-Saduq (the truthful scholar) was a Persian Shi'ite Islamic scholar whose work, entitled Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih, forms part of The Four Books of the Shi'ite Hadith collection.
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Ibn Nusayr
Abū Shuʿayb Muḥammad ibn Nuṣayr al-numayri was a disciple of the tenth Twelver Imam, Ali al‐Hadi and of the eleventh Twelver Imam, Hasan al‐Askari (d. 873).
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Ibn Taymiyyah
Taqī ad-Dīn Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah (Arabic: تقي الدين أحمد ابن تيمية, January 22, 1263 - September 26, 1328), known as Ibn Taymiyyah for short, was a controversial medieval Sunni Muslim theologian, jurisconsult, logician, and reformer.
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Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kazim
Ibrahim ibn Musa al-Kazim (إبراهيم بن موسى الكاظم), known as al-Jazzar (الجزار, "the Butcher"), died 825 or after 837, was a ninth century Alid leader who led a rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate in the Yemen in the aftermath of the Fourth Fitna.
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Ijma
Ijmāʿ (إجماع) is an Arabic term referring to the consensus or agreement of the Muslim scholars basically on religious issues.
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Imadaddin Nasimi
‘Alī ‘Imādu d-Dīn Nasīmī (Seyid Əli İmadəddin Nəsimi عمادالدین نسیمی, عمادالدین نسیمی), often known as Nesimi, (1369 – 1417 skinned alive in Aleppo) was a 14th-century Azerbaijani or Turkmen Ḥurūfī poet.
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Imam
Imam (إمام; plural: أئمة) is an Islamic leadership position.
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Imamah (Ismaili doctrine)
The doctrine of the Imamate in Isma'ilism differs from that of the Twelvers because the Isma'ilis had living Imams for centuries after the last Twelver Imam went into concealment.
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Imamate (Twelver doctrine)
Imāmah (اٍمامة) means "leadership" and is a concept in Twelver theology.
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Imamate in Nizari doctrine
The Imamate in Nizārī Ismā'īlī doctrine (إمامة) is a concept in Nizari Isma'ilism which defines the political, religious and spiritual dimensions of authority concerning Islamic leadership over the nation of believers.
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Imams of Yemen
The Imams of Yemen and later the Kings of Yemen were religiously consecrated leaders belonging to the Zaidiyyah branch of Shia Islam.
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Imamzadeh
An Imāmzādeh (امامزاده, İmamzadə; Imām-born) is a word found in the Persian, Azerbaijani, and Urdu languages, that refers to an immediate descendant of a Shi'i Imam.
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Infallibility
Infallibility is the inability to be wrong.
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Infobase Publishing
Infobase Publishing is an American publisher of reference book titles and textbooks geared towards the North American library, secondary school, and university-level curriculum markets.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Ishaq al-Turk
Ishaq al-Turk (also: Eshaq El-Tork, Arabic إسحاق الترك).
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Ishikism
Ishikism, (Işıkçılık) or Ishik Alevism (Işık Aleviliği), also known as Chinarism (Çınarcılık), is a syncretic religious movement among Alevis who have developed an alternative understanding of Alevism and its history.
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Ishmael
Ishmael Ἰσμαήλ Ismaēl; Classical/Qur'anic Arabic: إِسْمَٰعِيْل; Modern Arabic: إِسْمَاعِيْل ʾIsmāʿīl; Ismael) is a figure in the Tanakh and the Quran and was Abraham's first son according to Jews, Christians and Muslims. Ishmael was born to Abraham and Sarah's handmaiden Hagar (Hājar).. According to the Genesis account, he died at the age of 137. The Book of Genesis and Islamic traditions consider Ishmael to be the ancestor of the Ishmaelites and patriarch of Qaydār. According to Muslim tradition, Ishmael the Patriarch and his mother Hagar are said to be buried next to the Kaaba in Mecca.
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Islam
IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).
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Isma'il ibn Jafar
Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar al-Mubārak (إسماعيل بن جعفر; c. born: 719 AD, Medina - died circa 762 AD, Medina) was the eldest son of Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq. He is also known as Isma'il Al-Ãraj ibn Ja'far (اسماعيل الاعرج ابن جعفر الصادق). Following Ja'far's death, the Shia community split between those who would become the Twelver Shia and those who believed that the Imamate passed to Isma'il's son; the Isma'ili branch of Shia Islam is accordingly named for Isma'il. According to both the Nizari and Mustaali Shia sects, he is the rightful successor of the sixth Imam, Jafar al-Sadiq, and the seventh Imam.
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Isma'ilism
Ismāʿīlism (الإسماعيلية al-Ismāʿīliyya; اسماعیلیان; اسماعيلي; Esmāʿīliyān) is a branch of Shia Islam.
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Ismah
‘Iṣmah or ‘Isma (عِصْمَة; literally, "protection") is the concept of incorruptible innocence, immunity from sin, or moral infallibility in Islamic theology, and which is especially prominent in Shia Islam.
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Istanbul
Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
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Ja'far al-Sadiq
Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq (جعفر بن محمد الصادق; 700 or 702–765 C.E.), commonly known as Jaʿfar al-Sadiq or simply al-Sadiq (The Truthful), was the sixth Shia Imam and a major figure in the Hanafi and Maliki schools of Sunni jurisprudence.
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Ja'fari jurisprudence
Jaʿfari jurisprudence, (Persian: فقه جعفری) Jaʿfari school of thought, Jaʿfarite School, or Jaʿfari Fiqh is the school of jurisprudence of most Shia Muslims, derived from the name of Ja'far al-Sadiq, the 6th Shia Imam.
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Jesus
Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.
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Kaysanites
The Kaysanites were a Shi'i sect of Islam that reportedly formed from the followers of Al-Mukhtar.
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Khadija bint Khuwaylid
Khadijah, Khadījah bint Khuwaylid (خديجة بنت خويلد) or Khadījah al-Kubra (Khadijah the Great) 555 – 22 November 619 CE) was the first wife and follower of the Islamic Prophet (نَـبِي, Prophet) Muhammad. She is commonly regarded by Muslims as the "Mother of the Believers". Khadijah is regarded as one of the most important female figures in Islam, like her daughter, Fatimah. Muhammad was monogamously married to her for 25 years. After the death of Khadijah, Muhammad married at least nine women. Khadijah was the closest to Muhammad and he confided in her the most out of all his following wives. It is narrated in many hadiths that Khadijah was Muhammad's most trusted and favorite among all his marriages. It is narrated in Sahih Muslim: The messenger of Allah said: "God Almighty never granted me anyone better in this life than her. She accepted me when people rejected me; she believed in me when people doubted me; she shared her wealth with me when people deprived me; and Allah granted me children only through her." ‘A’ishah narrated of Muhammed and Khadijah in Sahih Bukhari: "I did not feel jealous of any of the wives of the Prophet as much as I did of Khadijah though I did not see her, but the Prophet used to mention her very often, and when ever he slaughtered a sheep, he would cut its parts and send them to the women friends of Khadijah. When I sometimes said to him, "(You treat Khadijah in such a way) as if there is no woman on Earth except Khadijah," he would say, "Khadijah was such-and-such, and from her I had children." It is also narrated: The Messenger of Allah said: "The best of its women is Khadijah bint Khuwailid, and the best of its women is Maryam bint ‘Imran." Muhammad said about her "She believed in me when the whole world refuted me and she attested to my veracity when the whole world accused me of falsehood. She offered me compassion and loyalty with her wealth when everyone else had forsaken me." Khadijah was the first female and person to become a follower of Muhammad. Muhammad was married to her until her death and Khadijah was the only wife to be married to Muhammad in monogamy, thus sometimes regarded as Muhammad's most beloved. She is regarded as one of the most important women in Islam, and in terms of the progression of Islam, the most important out of all of Muhammad's wives.
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Khawlah bint Ja'far
Khawlah bint Ja'far al-Hanafiyyah / (Umm e Muhammad) (خولة بنت جعفر الحنفية) was one of the wives of imam Ali.
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Khums
In Islamic tradition, khums (خمس, literally 'one fifth') refers to the historically required religious obligation of any Muslim army to pay one-fifth of the spoils of war, the money collected from non-believers after a military campaign; this tax was paid to the caliph or sultan, representing the state of Islam.
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Khurramites
The Khurramites (خرمدینان Khorram-Dīnân, meaning "those of the Joyful Religion") were an IranianW.
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Khuwaylid ibn Asad
Khuwaylid ibn Asad (خويلد بن أسد) was a man of Banu Quraysh and mainly recognised as being the father of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, the wife of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Kitab al-Kafi
The book Al-Kāfī (The Sufficient Book) is a Twelver Shīʿī ḥadīth collection compiled by Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb al-Kulaynī.
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Madhhab
A (مذهب,, "way to act"; pl. مذاهب) is a school of thought within fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence).
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Mahdi
The Mahdi (مهدي, ISO 233:, literally "guided one") is an eschatological redeemer of Islam who will appear and rule for five, seven, nine or nineteen years (according to differing interpretations)Martin 2004: 421 before the Day of Judgment (literally "the Day of Resurrection") and will rid the world of evil.
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Mahmoud Pasikhani
Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī (محمود پسیخانی) was the founder of the Nuqtavi movement in Iran, an offshoot of the Hurūfī movement.
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Mary, mother of Jesus
Mary was a 1st-century BC Galilean Jewish woman of Nazareth, and the mother of Jesus, according to the New Testament and the Quran.
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Mawla
Mawlā (مَوْلًى), plural mawālī (مَوَالِي), is a polysemous Arabic word, whose meaning varied in different periods and contexts.
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Mazyar
Mazyar (Middle Persian: Māh-Izād; Mazandarani/Mazyār), was an Iranian prince from the Qarinvand dynasty, who was the ruler (ispahbadh) of the mountainous region of Tabaristan from 825/6 to 839.
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Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah
Minhaj as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah (Arabic:منهاج السنة النبوية) is a work by Ibn Taymiyyah.
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Moses
Mosesמֹשֶׁה, Modern Tiberian ISO 259-3; ܡܘܫܐ Mūše; موسى; Mωϋσῆς was a prophet in the Abrahamic religions.
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Mosque
A mosque (from masjid) is a place of worship for Muslims.
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Muhammad
MuhammadFull name: Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim (ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم, lit: Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim) (مُحمّد;;Classical Arabic pronunciation Latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition.
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Muhammad al-Baqir
Muḥammad al-Baqir, full name Muhammad bin 'Ali bin al-Husayn bin Ali bin Abi Talib, also known as Abu Ja'far or simply al-Baqir (the one who opens knowledge) (677-733) was the fifth Shia imam, succeeding his father Zayn al-Abidin and succeeded by his son Ja'far al-Sadiq.
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Muhammad al-Jawad
Muhammad ibn ‘Alī ibn Mūsā (Arabic: محمد ابن علی ابن موسی) (circa April 12, 811 - c. November 29, 835) was the ninth of the Twelve Imams and a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.
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Muhammad al-Mahdi
Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Mahdī (محمد بن الحسن المهدي), also known as Imam Zaman (امام زمان), is believed by Twelver Shī‘a Muslims to be the Mahdī, an eschatological redeemer of Islam and ultimate savior of humankind and the final Imām of the Twelve Imams who will emerge with Isa (Jesus Christ) in order to fulfill their mission of bringing peace and justice to the world.
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Muhammad at-Taqi (Ahmed ibn Abadullah)
Muhammad at-Taqi (True name: Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl (أحمد بن عبد اللّه بن محمد بن إسماعيل) or Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad at-Taqi) (born, died, Salamia, Syria, Imam: -) is the ninth Ismāʿīlī Imam.
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Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i
Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i or Seyed Mohammad Hossein Tabataba'i (علامه سید محمد حسین طباطبائی, 16 March 1903 – 15 November 1981) was one of the most prominent thinkers of philosophy and contemporary Shia Islam.
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Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Aftah
Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq was a figure whose existence is contested: a portion of the Fathite Shia Muslims (followers of Abdullah al-Aftah ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq), believed that Muhammad was the son of Imam Abdullah al-Aftah (died 766 CE), whom they believed to be the Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq.
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Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr (محمد بن أبي بكر) was the son of Abu Bakr and a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
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Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, also known as Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (15 AH – 81 AH; AD 636 – 700) and surnamed Abu'l-Qasim was an early Muslim leader.
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Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah
Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdallah or Muhammad al-Imâm was the son of Ali ibn Abd Allah ibn al-Abbas and great-grandson of al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, the uncle of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.
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Muhammad ibn Isma'il
Muhammad ibn Ismāʿīl alias Maymūn Al-Qaddāḥ was the son of Isma'il ibn Jafar and an Ismāʿīlī Imam.
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Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq
Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Sadiq, surnamed al-Dibaj ("the handsome"), the younger full brother of Musa al-Kadhim, and son of Ja'far al-Sadiq appeared in Mecca in the year 200 A.H. / 815 C.E. claiming that he was the Awaited Mahdi.
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Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni
Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ya'qub ibn Ishaq al-Kulayni al-Razi (Persian: شیخ ابوجعفر محمّد بن یعقوب بن اسحاق رازی; c. 250 AH/864 CE - 329 AH/941 CE).
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Muhammad in Islam
Muḥammad ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbdul-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim (مُـحَـمَّـد ابْـن عَـبْـد الله ابْـن عَـبْـد الْـمُـطَّـلِـب ابْـن هَـاشِـم) (circa 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE), in short form Muhammad, is the last Messenger and Prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam.
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Muhammerah
Muhammerah or Muhammira ("The Crimson, The Red") were Mazdaki groups such as the followers of al-Muqanna, the Khurramites and the Kūl’īyyah.
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Mukhtar al-Thaqafi
al-Mukhtār ibn Abī ‘Ubaydah al-Thaqafī (المختار بن أبي عبيدة الثقفي) (also spelled Mukhtar bin Abu Ubaid), (born c. 622, al-Ṭaʾif, Arabia —died March 687, Kūfah, Iraq), was an early Islamic revolutionary based in Kufa, Iraq who led an abortive rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphs in vengeance for the death of Husayn ibn 'Ali at the Battle of Karbala.
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Musa al-Kadhim
Mūsá ibn Ja‘far al-Kāzim (موسى بن جعفر الكاظم), also called Abūl-Hasan, Abū Abd Allah, Abū Ibrāhīm, and al-Kāzim (the one who controls his anger), was the seventh Shiite Imam after his father Ja'far al-Sadiq.
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Muslim
A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.
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Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj
Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Asākir ad-Dīn Muslim ibn al-Ḥajjāj ibn Muslim ibn Ward ibn Kawshādh al-Qushayrī an-Naysābūrī (أبو الحسين عساكر الدين مسلم بن الحجاج بن مسلم بن وَرْد بن كوشاذ القشيري النيسابوري; after 815 – May 875) or Muslim Nīshāpūrī (مسلم نیشاپوری), commonly known as Imam Muslim, was a Persian Islamic scholar, particularly known as a muhaddith (scholar of hadith).
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Musta'li
The Musta‘lī (مستعلي) are a sect of Isma'ilism named for their acceptance of al-Musta'li as the legitimate nineteenth Fatimid caliph and legitimate successor to his father, al-Mustansir Billah.
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Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī (محمد بن محمد بن حسن طوسی‎ 18 February 1201 – 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din Tusi (نصیر الدین طوسی; or simply Tusi in the West), was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian.
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Nasir Khusraw
Abu Mo’in Hamid ad-Din Nasir ibn Khusraw al-Qubadiani or Nāsir Khusraw Qubādiyānī Balkhi (1004 – 1088 CE) (ناصر خسرو قبادیانی) was a Persian poet, philosopher, Isma'ili scholar, traveler and one of the greatest writers in Persian literature.
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Natila bint Janab
Natilah bint Janab of the Tribe of Namir (نَـتِـيْـلَـة بـنـت جـنـاب الـنـمـريّـة), also known by the diminutive "Nutaylah" (نُـتَـيْـلَـة), was a wife of ‘Abdul-Muttalib and, by her son Al-‘Abbas, an ancestress of the ‘Abbasid Dynasty.
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New York City
The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.
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Nizar (Nizari Imam)
Abū Manṣūr Nizār al-Muṣṭafá li-Dīn’il-Lāh (1047-1097, أبومنصور نزار المصطفى لدين الله) was the founder (and an Imām) of the Nizāri branch of Ismā‘ilī Shia Islam.
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Nizari
The Nizaris (النزاريون al-Nizāriyyūn) are the largest branch of the Ismaili Shi'i Muslims, the second-largest branch of Shia Islam (the largest being the Twelver).
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Nizari Ismaili state
The Nizari Ismaili state, also called the Alamut State, was a Shia Nizari Ismaili state founded by Hasan-i Sabbah after he took control of the Alamut Castle in 1090 AD.
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Noah
In Abrahamic religions, Noah was the tenth and last of the pre-Flood Patriarchs.
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North Yemen Civil War
The North Yemen Civil War (ثورة 26 سبتمبر, Thawra 26 Sabtambar, "26 September Revolution") was fought in North Yemen from 1962 to 1970 between royalist partisans of the Mutawakkilite Kingdom and supporters of the Yemen Arab Republic.
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Nuqtavi
The Nuqtavi (نقطوية Nuqṭawiyyah) movement was founded by Mahmūd Pasīkhānī (محمود پسیخانی) when he proclaimed himself the Mahdi in 1397.
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Nur Ali Elahi
Nur Ali Elahi (or Ostad Elahi var. Nūr ‘Alī Ilāhī, Nour Ali Elahi, نورعلی الهی - استاد الهی) (September 11, 1895 – October 19, 1974) was an Iranian philosopher, jurist and musician of Kurdish descent whose work investigated the metaphysical dimension of human beings.
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Occultation (Islam)
The Occultation (غيبة Ghaybah) in Shia Islam refers to a belief that the messianic figure, or Mahdi, who in Shi'i thought is an infallible male descendant of the founder of Islam, Muhammad, was born but disappeared, and will one day return and fill the world with justice and peace.
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Otman Baba
Otman Baba (c. 1378 – 8 Receb 1478) was a 15th-century dervish who traveled throughout the Ottoman Empire, acquiring a following among heterodox Muslims in Bulgaria after 1445 that has developed into his veneration as a saint.
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Pamiris
The Pamiris (پامیری; Помири) are an Iranian ethnic group who are native to the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of eastern Tajikistan, the Badakhshan Province of northeastern Afghanistan, the Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County in Xinjiang, China, and the Chitral and Gilgit Baltistan regions of northern Pakistan.
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Philip Sherrard
Philip Owen Arnould Sherrard (23 September 1922 – 30 May 1995) was a British author, translator and philosopher.
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Pir (Sufism)
Pir or Peer (پیر, literally "old ", "elder") is a title for a Sufi master or spiritual guide.
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Prince Aly Khan
Prince Ali Salman Aga Khan (13 June 1911 – 12 May 1960), known as Aly Khan, was a son of Sultan Mahommed Shah, Aga Khan III, the leader of the Nizārī Ismā'īlī Muslims, a sect of Shia Islam, and the father of Aga Khan IV.
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Progressive Dawoodi Bohra
Progressive Dawoodi Bohra known as "Bohra Youth" is a reform movement within the Dawoodi Bohra subsect of Mustaali Ismai'li Shi'a Islam.
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Prophet
In religion, a prophet is an individual regarded as being in contact with a divine being and said to speak on that entity's behalf, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the supernatural source to other people.
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Qarmatians
The Qarmatians (قرامطة Qarāmita; also transliterated Carmathians, Qarmathians, Karmathians) were a syncretic branch of Sevener Ismaili Shia Islam that combined elements of Zoroastrianism.
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Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
Al-Qāsim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (قاسم بن محمد) (born 36 or 38 AH; died 106 AH or 108 AH (corresponding to 660/662 and 728/730 AD)The Four Imams by Muhammad Abu Zahrah) was an important jurist in early Islam.
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Qizilbash
Qizilbash or Kizilbash, (Kızılbaş - Red Head, sometimes also Qezelbash or Qazilbash, قزلباش) is the label given to a wide variety of Shi'i militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan, also known as Iranian Azerbaijan), Anatolia and Kurdistan from the late 15th century onwards, some of which contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty of Iran.
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Quran
The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).
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Quraysh
The Quraysh (قريش) were a mercantile Arab tribe that historically inhabited and controlled Mecca and its Ka'aba.
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Radi Abdullah
ʿAbdullāh ar-Raḍī, (actual name Abu ʿAlīDaftary, Farhad,, Cambridge University Press, pg. 108. al-Ḥusayn ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl (ﺍلحسين بن أحمد بن عبد اللّه بن محمد بن إسماعيل; born 219 AH, died 268AH or 881 AD in Askar, Syria; Imamate: 225-268AH) surnamed al-Raḍī/al-Zakī) is the tenth Isma'ili Imam.
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Rashidun
The Rashidun Caliphs (Rightly Guided Caliphs; الخلفاء الراشدون), often simply called, collectively, "the Rashidun", is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the 30-year reign of the first four caliphs (successors) following the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, namely: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali of the Rashidun Caliphate, the first caliphate.
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Regent
A regent (from the Latin regens: ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated.
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Sa'id Akhtar Rizvi
Sayyid Sa‘eed Akhtar Rizvi (سيد سعيد اختر رضوي) was an Indian born, Twelver Shī‘ah scholar, who promoted Islam in East Africa.
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Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam
The Safavid conversion of Iran from Sunni Islam to Shia Islam took place roughly over the 16th through 18th centuries and made Iran the spiritual bastion of Shia Islam.
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Safavid dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.
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Safaviyya
The Safaviyya Səfəviyyə(صفویه)was a tariqa (Sufi order) founded by the | Encyclopædia IranicaV.
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Salamiyah
A full view of Shmemis (spring 1995) Salamiyah (سلمية) is a city and district in western Syria, in the Hama Governorate.
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Sayyid
Sayyid (also spelt Syed, Saiyed,Seyit,Seyd, Said, Sayed, Sayyed, Saiyid, Seyed and Seyyed) (سيد,; meaning "Mister"; plural سادة) is an honorific title denoting people (سيدة for females) accepted as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali (combined Hasnain), sons of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and son-in-law Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib).
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Seth
Seth (translit;; "placed", "appointed"; Σήθ), in Judaism, Christianity, Mandaeism, and Islam, was the third son of Adam and Eve and brother of Cain and Abel, who were the only other of their children mentioned by name in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible).
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Sevener
al-Ismāʿīliyya al-khāliṣa / al-Ismāʿīliyya al-wāqifa or Seveners (سبعية) was a branch of Ismā'īlī Shīʻa.
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Shahrbanu
Shahrbānū (or Shehr Bano) (شهربانو) (Meaning: "Lady of the Land") is one of the wives of Husayn ibn Ali, (grandson of Muhammad and third Twelver Shī‘ah Imām) and the mother of Ali ibn Husayn (the fourth Imāmī-Twelver Shī‘ah Imām).
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Shaykhism
Shaykhism (الشيخية) is an Islamic religious movement founded by Shaykh Ahmad in early 19th century Qajar Iran.
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Shem
Shem (שֵׁם Šēm; Σήμ Sēm; Ge'ez: ሴም, Sēm; "renown; prosperity; name"; Arabic: سام Sām) was one of the sons of Noah in the Hebrew Bible as well as in Islamic literature.
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Shi'ite Islam (book)
Shi'ite Islam is an important text on the history and thought of Shi'a Islam.
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Shia Islam
Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.
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Sijilmasa
Sijilmasa (سجلماسة; also transliterated Sijilmassa, Sidjilmasa, Sidjilmassa and Sigilmassa) was a medieval city and trade entrepôt at the northern edge of the Sahara Desert in Morocco.
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Simeon (son of Jacob)
According to the Book of Genesis, Simeon was the second son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Simeon.
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Subh-i-Azal
Ṣubḥ-i-Azal (یحیی صبح ازل)(Morning of Eternity) (1831–1912, born Mírzá Yaḥyá Núrí) was a Persian religious leader of Azali Bábism also known as the Bayání Faith.
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Succession to Muhammad
The succession to Muhammad is the central issue that divided the Muslim community into several divisions in the first century of Muslim history.
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Sufism
Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.
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Sulayman bin Hassan
The 27th Da'i al-Mutlaq of Ismailism according to the Sulaymanis.
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Sulaymani
Sulaymani Bohras (Sulaymanis) are a Musta‘lī Ismaili community that predominantly reside in Saudi Arabia (Najran), Yemen, Pakistan and India.
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Sultan Sahak
Sultan Sahak, or Soltân Sahak (سلطان سهاک) (born 14th century; died 15th century), was a Kurdish religious leader of Arab descent who founded spiritual path of the Ahl-e Haqq, also known as the Yârsân.
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Sunni Bohra
Sunni Vahoras or Sunni Bohras (سنی بوہرہ)(also Jafari Bohras or Patani Bohras) are a community from the state of Gujarat in India.
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Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.
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Sunpadh
Sunpadh (سندباد; also spelled Sunpad and Sunbadh) was an Iranian nobleman from the House of Karen, who incited an uprising against the Abbasid Caliphate in the 8th century.
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Tariqa
A tariqa (or tariqah; طريقة) is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking Haqiqa, which translates as "ultimate truth".
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Tayyibi Isma'ilism
ayyibi Ismā‘īlism is the only surviving sect of the Musta'li branch of Isma'ilism, the other being Hafizi Isma'ilism.
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The event of Ghadir Khumm
The event of Ghadir Khumm (Arabic and Persian: واقعه غدیر خم) is an event that took place in March 632.
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Theology of Twelvers
Theology of Twelver Shias contains five principles of the Shia religion known as Uṣūl ad-Dīn (أصول الدين عند الشيعة).
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Twelver
Twelver (translit; شیعه دوازدهامامی) or Imamiyyah (إمامية) is the largest branch of Shia Islam.
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Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate (ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلأُمَوِيَّة, trans. Al-Khilāfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah), also spelt, was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
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Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim or Umm Farwah Fatimah was the wife of Muhammad al-Baqir, and the mother of the sixth Imam, Ja'far al-Sadiq.
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Ummah
(أمة) is an Arabic word meaning "community".
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Usuli
Usulis (الاصولية) are the majority Twelver Shi'a Muslim group.
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Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi
Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi was the first of the four deputies in Twelver Shia Islam, who was appointed as an agent and deputy of Muhammad al-Mahdi while the latter was in the minor occultation (Minor Occultation refers to early years of Imamate of Muhammad al-Mahdi who disappeared and would only contact his followers through the Four Deputies.) After ibn Sa'id's death, his son Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Uthman was appointed as the second deputy by Muhammad al-Mahdi.
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Wahb ibn Abd Manaf
Wahb ibn 'Abd Manaf (وهب بن عبد مناف) ibn Zuhrah ibn Kilab ibn Murrah was the chief of Banu Zuhrah, and the father of Aminah bint Wahb.
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Yarsanism
The Yarsan or Ahl-e Haqq (Kurdish:, Yarsan, اهل حق Ahl-e Haqq "People of Truth"), is a syncretic religion founded by Sultan Sahak in the late 14th century in western Iran.
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Zaidiyyah
Zaidiyyah or Zaidism (الزيدية az-zaydiyya, adjective form Zaidi or Zaydi) is one of the Shia sects closest in terms of theology to Hanafi Sunni Islam.
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Zakat
Zakat (زكاة., "that which purifies", also Zakat al-mal زكاة المال, "zakat on wealth", or Zakah) is a form of alms-giving treated in Islam as a religious obligation or tax, which, by Quranic ranking, is next after prayer (salat) in importance.
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Zayd ibn Ali
Zayd ibn 'Alī (زيد بن علي, also spelled Zaid, Zayyed; 695–740) was the grandson of Husayn ibn Ali, and great-grandson of Ali.
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Redirects here:
Imam (Shia Islam), Imamah (Shi'a doctrine), Imamah (Shia doctrine), Imamah (Shiite doctrine), Imamate (Shi'a), Imamate (Shi`i Doctrine), Imāmah, Imāmah (Shi'a doctrine), Shi'a Imam, Shi'a Imams, Shi'a imam, Shi'a imams, Shi'a view of al mahdi(as), Shi'a view of ali ameer ul momeneen(as), Shi'ite Imam, Shi'ite Imams, Shia Imam, Shia Imams, Status of a Shi'a Imam, Status of a Shia Imam, Tenet of Imamah, The Ismaili view on the Imamah.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imamah_(Shia)
