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Internet censorship in China

Index Internet censorship in China

Internet censorship in China is among the most extensive in the world due to a wide variety of laws and administrative regulations. [1]

194 relations: Ai Weiwei, Alibaba Group, AlienVault, Amazon (company), Amnesty International, Amnesty International Australia, Animal Farm, Anonymous post, AOL, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Baidu, BBC, Beijing, Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society, Big mama, Bing (search engine), Blogger (service), Bulletin board system, Byte, Carrie Gracie, CBS, Censorship in Belarus, Censorship in China, Censorship in Cuba, Censorship of GitHub, CERNET, Chilling effect, China, China Central Television, China Digital Times, China Telecommunications Corporation, Chinese Wikipedia, Cisco Systems, Cloud storage, CNN, Communist Party of China, CSTNET, Ctrip, Cultural Revolution, Cyber defamation law, Cyberspace Administration of China, Deep packet inspection, Democracy Party of China, Deng Xiaoping, Digital divide in China, ElgooG, Facial recognition system, Falun Gong, Fireworks, First Monday (journal), ..., Flickr, Four Cardinal Principles, Freedom House, Freedom of speech, Gary King (political scientist), GitHub, Global Times, Gmail, Golden Shield Project, Google, Google China, Great Firewall, GreatFire, Green Dam Youth Escort, Harmonious Society, Harvard University, Homophone, Hong Kong, HTTPS, Hu Jintao, Human rights in China, Human rights in Zimbabwe, Human Rights Watch, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, ICP license, IEEE Spectrum, Instant messaging, Internet café, Internet censorship, Internet censorship and surveillance by country, Internet censorship in Russia, Internet censorship in the United States, Internet in China, Internet police, Internet security, Internet service provider, Internet Society of China, Jiang Zemin, Jingjing and Chacha, John Oliver, JSONP, July 2009 Ürümqi riots, Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, Li Datong, Linda Hutcheon, List of cities in China, Liu Xiaobo, Macau, Mainland China, Media of China, Memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Michael Anti (journalist), Michel de Certeau, Microblogging, Microblogging in China, Microsoft, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Public Security (China), Mirror website, National People's Congress, NBC, NetEase, Netizen, Opera Mini, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Organization of American States, Outlook.com, Oxford University Press, Panopticon, Perry Link, Pierre Bourdieu, Police brutality, Post Office Protocol, ProPublica, Protectionism, Provinces of China, Proxy server, Psiphon, Public Pledge on Self-Discipline for the Chinese Internet Industry, Qihoo 360, Qinghai, Re-education through labor, Renren, Reporters Without Borders, Reuters, River crab (Internet slang), Routledge, Rubber Duck (sculpture), Rupert Murdoch, Secure Shell, Self-censorship, Shanghai, Sheng Guangzu, Shenzhen, Silicon Valley, Simplified Chinese characters, Sina Corp, Sina Weibo, Skype, SMTH BBS, Sohu, Soso (search engine), State Council Information Office, Steganography, Taiwan, Taiwan independence movement, Tank Man, Taobao, Technorati, TED (conference), Tencent, Tencent QQ, Term limit, The Christian Science Monitor, The Guardian, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, Tibet, Tibetan independence movement, Tor (anonymity network), Traditional Chinese characters, Transmission Control Protocol, Transport Layer Security, Tuidang movement, Victoria Park (Hong Kong), Virtual private network, Vladimir Putin, Web search engine, Wenzhou train collision, White paper, Windows Live Spaces, WordPress.com, Xi Jinping, Xiamen, Xiao Qiang, Xinhua News Agency, Yahoo!, YTHT, 2010 Nobel Peace Prize, 2012 in China, 2017 G20 Hamburg summit, 20th anniversary of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. Expand index (144 more) »

Ai Weiwei

Ai Weiwei (born 28 August 1957 in Beijing) is a Chinese contemporary artist and activist.

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Alibaba Group

Alibaba Group Holding Limited is a Chinese multinational e-commerce, retail, Internet, AI and technology conglomerate founded in 1999 that provides consumer-to-consumer, business-to-consumer and business-to-business sales services via web portals, as well as electronic payment services, shopping search engines and cloud computing services.

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AlienVault

AlienVault is a developer of commercial and open source solutions to manage cyber attacks, including the Open Threat Exchange, the world's largest crowd-sourced computer-security platform.

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Amazon (company)

Amazon.com, Inc., doing business as Amazon, is an American electronic commerce and cloud computing company based in Seattle, Washington that was founded by Jeff Bezos on July 5, 1994.

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Amnesty International

Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a London-based non-governmental organization focused on human rights.

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Amnesty International Australia

Amnesty International Australia is a section of the Amnesty International network, and is part of the global movement promoting and defending human rights and dignity.

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Animal Farm

Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945.

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Anonymous post

An anonymous post is an entry on a bulletin board system, Internet forum, or other discussion forums, without a screen name or more commonly by using a non-identifiable pseudonym.

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AOL

AOL (formerly a company known as AOL Inc., originally known as America Online, and stylized as Aol.) is a web portal and online service provider based in New York.

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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a forum for 21 Pacific Rim member economies.

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Baidu

Baidu, Inc. (anglicized), incorporated on 18 January 2000, is a Chinese multinational technology company specializing in Internet-related services and products, and artificial intelligence, headquartered at the Baidu Campus in Beijing's Haidian District.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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Beijing

Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.

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Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society

The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society is a research center at Harvard University that focuses on the study of cyberspace.

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Big mama

Big mama (Simplified Chinese: 大妈; Pinyin: dà mā) is a Chinese language neologism for an Internet censor on web bulletin board systems in the People's Republic of China.

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Bing (search engine)

Bing is a web search engine owned and operated by Microsoft.

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Blogger (service)

Blogger is a blog-publishing service that allows multi-user blogs with time-stamped entries.

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Bulletin board system

A bulletin board system or BBS (also called Computer Bulletin Board Service, CBBS) is a computer server running software that allows users to connect to the system using a terminal program.

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Byte

The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.

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Carrie Gracie

Carrie Gracie (born 1962)Ben Dowell, theguardian.com, 12 May 2009 is a Scottish journalist, who is employed by the BBC and was the China editor for BBC News.

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CBS

CBS (an initialism of the network's former name, the Columbia Broadcasting System) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation.

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Censorship in Belarus

Censorship in Belarus, although prohibited by the country's constitution, is enforced by a number of laws.

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Censorship in China

Censorship in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is implemented or mandated by the PRC's ruling party, the Communist Party of China (CPC).

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Censorship in Cuba

Censorship in Cuba is extensive and has been reported on almost exhaustively.

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Censorship of GitHub

GitHub has been the target of censorship from governments using methods ranging from local Internet service provider blocks, intermediary blocking using methods such as DNS hijacking and man-in-the-middle attacks, and denial-of-service attacks on GitHub's servers from countries including China, India, Russia, and Turkey.

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CERNET

The China Education and Research Network (CERNET) is the first nationwide education and research computer network in China.

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Chilling effect

In a legal context, a chilling effect is the inhibition or discouragement of the legitimate exercise of natural and legal rights by the threat of legal sanction.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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China Central Television

China Central Television (formerly Beijing Television), commonly abbreviated as CCTV, is the predominant state television broadcaster in the People's Republic of China.

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China Digital Times

China Digital Times (CDT) is a California-based bilingual news website covering China.

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China Telecommunications Corporation

China Telecommunications Corporation known as its trading name China Telecom is a Chinese state-owned telecommunication company.

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Chinese Wikipedia

The Chinese Wikipedia is the (Standard) Chinese language edition of Wikipedia.

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Cisco Systems

Cisco Systems, Inc. is an American multinational technology conglomerate headquartered in San Jose, California, in the center of Silicon Valley, that develops, manufactures and sells networking hardware, telecommunications equipment and other high-technology services and products.

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Cloud storage

Cloud storage is a model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored in logical pools.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.

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Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.

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CSTNET

CSTNET or China Science and Technology Network offers Internet services to the Chinese education, research, scientific and technical communities, relevant government departments and hi-tech enterprises, providing services such as network access, host trusteeship, virtual host and domain name registration etc.

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Ctrip

Ctrip is a Chinese provider of travel services including accommodation reservation, transportation ticketing, packaged tours and corporate travel management.

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Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in China from 1966 until 1976.

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Cyber defamation law

Cyber defamation is not a specific criminal offense, misdemeanor or tort, but rather defamation or slander conducted via digital media, usually through the Internet.

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Cyberspace Administration of China

The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), also known as the Office of the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission, is the central Internet regulator, censor, oversight, and control agency for the People's Republic of China.

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Deep packet inspection

Deep packet inspection is a type of data processing that inspects in detail the data being sent over a computer network, and usually takes action by blocking, re-routing, or logging it accordingly.

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Democracy Party of China

The Democracy Party of China (DPC) is a political party that started in the People's Republic of China, and was banned by the Communist Party of China (CPC).

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Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997), courtesy name Xixian (希贤), was a Chinese politician.

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Digital divide in China

Over the past decade there has been an explosion in the use of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in China.

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ElgooG

elgooG (Google spelled backwards) was a mirrored website of Google Search with horizontally flipped search results, also known as a "Google mirror".

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Facial recognition system

A facial recognition system is a technology capable of identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source.

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Falun Gong

Falun Gong or Falun Dafa (Standard Mandarin Chinese:; literally, "Dharma Wheel Practice" or "Law Wheel Practice") is a modern Chinese spiritual practice that combines meditation and qigong exercises with a moral philosophy centered on the tenets of truthfulness, compassion, and forbearance.

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Fireworks

Fireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes.

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First Monday (journal)

First Monday is a monthly peer-reviewed open access academic journal covering research on the Internet.

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Flickr

Flickr (pronounced "flicker") is an image hosting service and video hosting service.

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Four Cardinal Principles

The Four Cardinal Principles were stated by Deng Xiaoping in 1979 and are the four issues for which debate was not allowed within the People's Republic of China.

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Freedom House

Freedom House is a U.S.-based 501(c)(3) U.S. government-funded non-governmental organization (NGO) that conducts research and advocacy on democracy, political freedom, and human rights.

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Freedom of speech

Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.

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Gary King (political scientist)

Gary M. King (born December 8, 1958) is an American political scientist and quantitative methodologist.

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GitHub

GitHub Inc. is a web-based hosting service for version control using Git.

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Global Times

The Global Times is a daily Chinese tabloid newspaper under the auspices of the People's Daily newspaper, focusing on international issues from China's perspective.

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Gmail

Gmail is a free, advertising-supported email service developed by Google.

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Golden Shield Project

The Golden Shield Project, also named National Public Security Work Informational Project, is the Chinese nationwide network-security fundamental constructional project by the e-government of the People's Republic of China.

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Google

Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.

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Google China

Google China is a subsidiary of Google.

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Great Firewall

The Great Firewall of China (abbreviated to GFW) is the combination of legislative actions and technologies enforced by the People's Republic of China to regulate the Internet domestically.

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GreatFire

GreatFire (GreatFire.org) is a non-profit organization that monitors the status of websites censored by the Great Firewall of China and helps Chinese Internet users circumvent the censorship and blockage of websites in China.

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Green Dam Youth Escort

Green Dam Youth Escort is content-control software for Windows developed in the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Harmonious Society

The Harmonious Society has been a socioeconomic vision in China.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Homophone

A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same (to varying extent) as another word but differs in meaning.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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HTTPS

HTTP Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet.

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Hu Jintao

---- Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who was the paramount leader of China from 2002 to 2012.

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Human rights in China

Human rights in China is a highly contested topic, especially for the fundamental human rights periodically reviewed by the United Nations Human Rights Committee, on which the government of the People's Republic of China and various foreign governments and human rights organizations have often disagreed.

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Human rights in Zimbabwe

There were widespread reports of systematic and escalating violations of human rights in Zimbabwe under the regime of Robert Mugabe and his party, ZANU-PF between 1980 and 2017.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems.

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ICP license

ICP licence (abbreviation for Internet Content Provider) is a permit issued by the Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology to permit China-based websites to operate in China.

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IEEE Spectrum

IEEE Spectrum is a magazine edited by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

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Instant messaging

Instant messaging (IM) technology is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over the Internet.

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Internet café

An Internet café, also known as a cybercafé, is a place which provides Internet access to the public, usually for a fee.

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Internet censorship

Internet censorship is the control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators, or on their own initiative.

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Internet censorship and surveillance by country

This list of Internet censorship and surveillance by country provides information on the types and levels of Internet censorship and surveillance that is occurring in countries around the world.

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Internet censorship in Russia

Internet censorship in the Russian Federation is enforced on the basis of several laws and through several mechanisms.

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Internet censorship in the United States

Internet censorship in the United States is the suppression of information published or viewed on the Internet in the United States.

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Internet in China

China has been on the internet intermittently since May 1989 and on a permanent basis since 20 April 1994.

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Internet police

Internet police is a generic term for police and government agencies, departments and other organizations in charge of policing Internet in a number of countries.

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Internet security

Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the Internet, often involving browser security but also network security on a more general level, as it applies to other applications or operating systems as a whole.

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Internet service provider

An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet.

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Internet Society of China

The Internet Society of China (ISC) is a Chinese non-governmental organization made up of 140 members of the Chinese Internet industry including private companies, schools and research institutes.

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Jiang Zemin

Jiang Zemin (born 17 August 1926) is a retired Chinese politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China from 1989 to 2002, as Chairman of the Central Military Commission from 1989 to 2004, and as President of the People's Republic of China from 1993 to 2003.

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Jingjing and Chacha

Jingjing and Chacha (警警 and 察察, a pun on the Chinese word for police) are the cartoon mascots of the Internet Surveillance Division of the Public Security Bureau in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.

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John Oliver

John William Oliver (born 23 April 1977) is an English comedian, writer, producer, political commentator, actor, and television host.

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JSONP

JSONP (JSON with Padding or JSON-P) is used to request data from a server residing in a different domain than the client.

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July 2009 Ürümqi riots

The July 2009 Ürümqi riots were a series of violent riots over several days that broke out on 5 July 2009 in Ürümqi, the capital city of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (XUAR), in northwestern People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Last Week Tonight with John Oliver

Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (often abridged as Last Week Tonight) is an American late-night talk and news satire television program hosted by comedian John Oliver.

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Li Datong

Li Datong (李大同, born 1952) was the Managing Editor of Freezing Point, a section of China Youth Daily.

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Linda Hutcheon

Linda Hutcheon, FRS, O.C. (born August 24, 1947) is a Canadian academic working in the fields of literary theory and criticism, opera, and Canadian studies.

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List of cities in China

According to the administrative divisions of China including Hong Kong and Macau, there are three levels of cities, namely provincial-level (consists of municipalities and SARs), prefectural-level cities, and county-level cities.

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Liu Xiaobo

Liu Xiaobo (刘晓波, 28 December 1955 – 13 July 2017) was a Chinese writer, literary critic, human rights activist, philosopher and Nobel Peace Prize laureate who called for political reforms and was involved in campaigns to end communist one-party rule in China.

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Macau

Macau, officially the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the western side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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Mainland China

Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland, is the geopolitical as well as geographical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Media of China

The Media of the People's Republic of China (alternatively Media of China, Chinese Media) consists primarily of television, newspapers, radio, and magazines.

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Memorials for the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

In the days following the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, many memorials and vigils were held around the world.

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Michael Anti (journalist)

Jing Zhao (born 1975), better known by his pen name Michael Anti, is a Chinese journalist and political blogger, known for his posts about freedom of the press in China.

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Michel de Certeau

Michel de Certeau (17 May 1925 – 9 January 1986) was a French Jesuit and scholar whose work combined history, psychoanalysis, philosophy, and the social sciences.

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Microblogging

Microblogging is an online broadcast medium that exists as a specific form of blogging.

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Microblogging in China

Weibo (微博) is the Chinese word for "microblog".

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) of the Chinese government, established in March 2008, is the state agency of the People's Republic of China responsible for regulation and development of the postal service, Internet, wireless, broadcasting, communications, production of electronic and information goods, software industry and the promotion of the national knowledge economy.

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Ministry of Public Security (China)

The Ministry of Public Security (MPS) is the principal police and security authority of the People's Republic of China and the government ministry that exercises oversight over and is ultimately responsible for day-to-day law enforcement.

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Mirror website

Mirror websites or mirrors are replicas of other websites.

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National People's Congress

The National People's Congress (usually abbreviated NPC) is the national legislature of the People's Republic of China. With 2,980 members in 2018, it is the largest parliamentary body in the world. Under China's Constitution, the NPC is structured as a unicameral legislature, with the power to legislate, the power to oversee the operations of the government, and the power to elect the major officers of state. However, the NPC has been described as a "rubber stamp," having "never rejected a government proposal" in its history. The NPC is elected for a term of five years. It holds annual sessions every spring, usually lasting from 10 to 14 days, in the Great Hall of the People on the west side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The NPC's sessions are usually timed to occur with the meetings of the National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a consultative body whose members represent various social groups. As the NPC and the CPPCC are the main deliberative bodies of China, they are often referred to as the Lianghui (Two Assemblies). According to the NPC, its annual meetings provide an opportunity for the officers of state to review past policies and present future plans to the nation.

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NBC

The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English language commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast.

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NetEase

NetEase, Inc. is a Chinese Internet technology company providing online services centered on content, community, communications and commerce.

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Netizen

The term netizen is a portmanteau of the words Internet and citizen as in "citizen of the net".

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Opera Mini

Opera Mini is a mobile web browser developed by the Opera Software AS company.

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Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization.

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Organization of American States

The Organization of American States (Organización de los Estados Americanos, Organização dos Estados Americanos, Organisation des États américains), or the OAS or OEA, is a continental organization that was founded on 30 April 1948, for the purposes of regional solidarity and cooperation among its member states.

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Outlook.com

Outlook.com is a web-based suite of webmail, contacts, tasks, and calendaring services from Microsoft.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Panopticon

The Panopticon is a type of institutional building and a system of control designed by the English philosopher and social theorist Jeremy Bentham in the late 18th century.

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Perry Link

Eugene Perry Link, Jr. (born 1944) is Chancellorial Chair Professor for Innovative Teaching Comparative Literature and Foreign Languages in College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences at the University of California, Riverside and Emeritus Professor of East Asian Studies at Princeton University.

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Pierre Bourdieu

Pierre Felix Bourdieu (1 August 1930 – 23 January 2002) was a French sociologist, anthropologist, philosopher, and public intellectual.

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Police brutality

Police brutality is one of several forms of police misconduct which involves undue violence by police members.

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Post Office Protocol

In computing, the Post Office Protocol (POP) is an application-layer Internet standard protocol used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from a server in an Internet Protocol (IP) network.

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ProPublica

ProPublica is an American nonprofit organization based in New York City.

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Protectionism

Protectionism is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.

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Provinces of China

Provincial-level administrative divisions or first-level administrative divisions, are the highest-level Chinese administrative divisions.

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Proxy server

In computer networks, a proxy server is a server (a computer system or an application) that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers.

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Psiphon

Psiphon is a free and open-source Internet censorship circumvention tool that uses a combination of secure communication and obfuscation technologies (VPN, SSH, and HTTP Proxy).

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Public Pledge on Self-Discipline for the Chinese Internet Industry

The Public Pledge on Self-Discipline for the Chinese Internet Industry is an agreement between the Chinese internet industry regulator and companies that operate sites in China.

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Qihoo 360

Qihoo 360 (approximate pronunciation CHEE-hoo), full name Qihoo 360 Technology Co.

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Qinghai

Qinghai, formerly known in English as Kokonur, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest of the country.

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Re-education through labor

Re-education through labor (RTL), abbreviated laojiao was a system of administrative detention in the People's Republic of China.

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Renren

The Renren Network, formerly known as the Xiaonei Network is a Chinese social networking service.

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Reporters Without Borders

Reporters Without Borders (RWB), or Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), is an international non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and defends freedom of information and freedom of the press.

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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River crab (Internet slang)

River crab and harmonious/harmonize/harmonization are Internet slang terms created by Chinese netizens in reference to Internet censorship or the other censorship of China.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Rubber Duck (sculpture)

Rubber Duck refers to any of several giant floating sculptures designed by Dutch artist Florentijn Hofman, which have appeared in many cities around the world, including Hong Kong, Pittsburgh, Toronto, Baku, and Sydney.

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Rupert Murdoch

Keith Rupert Murdoch, (born 11 March 1931) is an Australian-born American media mogul.

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Secure Shell

Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network.

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Self-censorship

Self-censorship is the act of censoring or classifying one's own discourse.

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Shanghai

Shanghai (Wu Chinese) is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of China and the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million.

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Sheng Guangzu

Sheng Guangzu (born 1949) was the last Chinese Minister of Railways before the position was abolished in March 2013, and the first Genenal Manager of China Railway Corporation.

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Shenzhen

Shenzhen is a major city in Guangdong Province, China.

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Silicon Valley

Silicon Valley (abbreviated as SV) is a region in the southern San Francisco Bay Area of Northern California, referring to the Santa Clara Valley, which serves as the global center for high technology, venture capital, innovation, and social media.

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Simplified Chinese characters

Simplified Chinese characters are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters for use in mainland China.

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Sina Corp

Sina is a Chinese technology company.

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Sina Weibo

Sina Weibo is a Chinese microblogging (weibo) website.

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Skype

Skype is a telecommunications application software product that specializes in providing video chat and voice calls between computers, tablets, mobile devices, the Xbox One console, and smartwatches via the Internet and to regular telephones.

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SMTH BBS

Shuimu Tsinghua (abbreviated as SMTH) BBS is the first and one of the most popular bulletin board system sites among the universities in China.

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Sohu

Sohu, Inc. is a Chinese Internet company headquartered in the Sohu Internet Plaza in Haidian District, Beijing.

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Soso (search engine)

Soso was a Chinese search engine owned by Tencent Holdings Limited, which is well known for its other creations Pengyou and QQ.

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State Council Information Office

The State Council Information Office (SCIO) is an administrative office under the State Council, the chief administrative body of the People's Republic of China.

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Steganography

Steganography is the practice of concealing a file, message, image, or video within another file, message, image, or video.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Taiwan independence movement

The Taiwan independence movement is a political movement to pursue formal independence of Taiwan, Goals for independence have arisen from international law in relation to the 1952 Treaty of San Francisco.

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Tank Man

Tank Man (also known as the Unknown Protester or Unknown Rebel) is the nickname of an unidentified man who stood in front of a column of tanks on June 5, 1989, the morning after the Chinese military had suppressed the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 by force.

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Taobao

Taobao is a Chinese online shopping website, headquartered in Hangzhou, China, and is a subsidiary of Alibaba Group.

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Technorati

Technorati was a publisher advertising platform that served as an advertising solution for the thousands of websites in its network.

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TED (conference)

TED Conferences, LLC (Technology, Entertainment, Design) is a media organization that posts talks online for free distribution, under the slogan "ideas worth spreading".

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Tencent

Tencent Holdings Limited is a Chinese multinational investment holding conglomerate whose subsidiaries specialize in various Internet-related services and products, entertainment, artificial intelligence and technology both in China and globally.

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Tencent QQ

Tencent QQ, also known as QQ, is an instant messaging software service developed by the Chinese company Shenzhen Tencent Computer System Co., Ltd..

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Term limit

A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms an officeholder may serve in a particular elected office.

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The Christian Science Monitor

The Christian Science Monitor (CSM) is a nonprofit news organization that publishes daily articles in electronic format as well as a weekly print edition.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, commonly known in mainland China as the June Fourth Incident (六四事件), were student-led demonstrations in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China, in 1989.

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Tibet

Tibet is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Central Asia.

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Tibetan independence movement

The Tibetan independence movement is a movement for the independence of Tibet and the political separation of Tibet from China.

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Tor (anonymity network)

Tor is free software for enabling anonymous communication.

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Traditional Chinese characters

Traditional Chinese characters (Pinyin) are Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946.

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Transmission Control Protocol

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) is one of the main protocols of the Internet protocol suite.

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Transport Layer Security

Transport Layer Security (TLS) – and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), which is now deprecated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) – are cryptographic protocols that provide communications security over a computer network.

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Tuidang movement

The Tuidang movement (退黨運動/退党运动; Tuìdǎng yùndòng) is a Chinese dissident phenomenon that began in late 2004.

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Victoria Park (Hong Kong)

Victoria Park is a public park in Hong Kong, named after Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

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Virtual private network

A virtual private network (VPN) extends a private network across a public network, and enables users to send and receive data across shared or public networks as if their computing devices were directly connected to the private network.

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Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (a; born 7 October 1952) is a Russian statesman and former intelligence officer serving as President of Russia since 2012, previously holding the position from 2000 until 2008.

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Web search engine

A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web.

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Wenzhou train collision

On 23 July 2011, two high-speed trains travelling on the Yongtaiwen railway line collided on a viaduct in the suburbs of Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, China.

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White paper

A white paper is an authoritative report or guide that informs readers concisely about a complex issue and presents the issuing body's philosophy on the matter.

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Windows Live Spaces

Windows Live Spaces was Microsoft's blogging and social networking platform.

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WordPress.com

WordPress.com is a blogging platform that is owned and hosted online by Automattic.

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Xi Jinping

Xi Jinping (born 15 June 1953) is a Chinese politician currently serving as General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC), President of the People's Republic of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission.

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Xiamen

Xiamen, formerly romanized as Amoy, is a sub-provincial city in southeastern Fujian province, People's Republic of China, beside the Taiwan Strait.

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Xiao Qiang

Xiao Qiang is the Founder and Editor-in-Chief of China Digital Times, a bilingual China news website.

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Xinhua News Agency

Xinhua News Agency (English pronunciation: J. C. Wells: Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, 3rd ed., for both British and American English) or New China News Agency is the official state-run press agency of the People's Republic of China.

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Yahoo!

Yahoo! is a web services provider headquartered in Sunnyvale, California and wholly owned by Verizon Communications through Oath Inc..

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YTHT

Yi Ta Hu Tu (YTHT BBS) is a bulletin board system which was created on September 17, 1999, by student Lepton in Peking University, Beijing, China.

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2010 Nobel Peace Prize

The 2010 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to imprisoned Chinese human rights activist "for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China".

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2012 in China

Events in the year 2012 in China.

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2017 G20 Hamburg summit

The 2017 G20 Hamburg summit was the twelfth meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20), which was held on 7–8 July 2017, at Hamburg Messe, in the city of Hamburg, Germany.

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20th anniversary of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

The 20th anniversary of Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 (20周年六四遊行) was a series of rallies that took place in late May to early June 2009 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of 4 June Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, during which the Chinese government sent troops to suppress the pro-democracy movement.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China

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