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108 relations: 'Urabi revolt, Abdülaziz, Abdul Hamid II, Africa, Ahmed ‘Urabi, Al Musafir Khana Palace, Al-Rifa'i Mosque, Alexandria, Barka River, Battle of Gura, Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Bilen people, Bosporus, Cairo, Caisse de la Dette, Champagne, Charles Rivers Wilson, Circassians, Constantinople, Darfur, Egypt, Egypt Eyalet, Egyptian National Library and Archives, Egyptian National Railways, Egyptians, Emperor of Ethiopia, Ercolano, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer, Feriyal Kadinefendi, Firman, France, Fuad I of Egypt, George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen, Great power, Habesh Eyalet, Hamasien, Hewett Treaty, Hoshiar Kadinefendi, Hugh Chisholm, Hussein Kamel of Egypt, Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, Islam, Istanbul, Jamal Nur Kadinefendi, Jeshm Afet Hanimefendi, Keren, Eritrea, Khedivate of Egypt, Khedive, ..., Khedivial Opera House, Legion of Honour, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Lord Mayor of London, Mahmud II, Massawa, Mixed Courts of Egypt, Muhammad Ali dynasty, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Naples, Napoleon III, Neshedil Kadinefendi, Nile, Nubar Pasha, Nur Felek Kadinefendi, Order of Glory (Ottoman Empire), Order of Leopold (Austria), Order of Leopold (Belgium), Order of Osmanieh, Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Order of the Bath, Order of the Black Eagle, Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar, Order of the Crown of Italy, Order of the Netherlands Lion, Order of the Red Eagle, Order of the Redeemer, Order of the Star of India, Order of the Sword, Ottoman Empire, Pertevniyal Sultan, Pope, Post office, Pound sterling, Queen Victoria, Red Sea, Sa'id of Egypt, Shafaq Nur Hanim, Slavery, Stephen Cave, Suakin, Sublime Porte, Sudan, Suez Canal, Suez Canal Company, Sugar, Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation, Tawfiq of Egypt, Time (magazine), Turkish language, United Kingdom, Vali (governor), Valide sultan, Wali, Werner Munzinger, William McEntyre Dye, World Digital Library, Yohannes IV. Expand index (58 more) »
'Urabi revolt
The 'Urabi revolt, also known as the 'Urabi Revolution (الثورة العرابية), was a nationalist uprising in Egypt from 1879 to 1882.
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Abdülaziz
Abdülaziz (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / `Abdü’l-`Azīz, Abdülaziz; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.
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Abdul Hamid II
Abdul Hamid II (عبد الحميد ثانی, `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî; İkinci Abdülhamit; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state.
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Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).
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Ahmed ‘Urabi
Colonel Ahmed ‘Urabi or Ourabi (أحمد عرابى, ˈæħmæd ʕouˈɾɑːbi in Egyptian Arabic; 31 March 1841 – 21 September 1911), widely known in English (and by himself) as Ahmad Ourabi, was an Egyptian nationalist, revolutionary and an officer of the Egyptian army.
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Al Musafir Khana Palace
The Musafir Khana Palace also known as the Musafirkana Palace was built in Cairo, Egypt between 1779 and 1788 by Mahmud Muharram; a wealthy merchant.
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Al-Rifa'i Mosque
Al-Rifa'i Mosque (مسجد الرفاعى, transliterated also as Al-Rifai, Al-Refai, Al-Refa'i, and named in English the Royal Mosque), is located in Cairo, Egypt, in Midan al-Qal'a, adjacent to the Cairo Citadel.
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Alexandria
Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.
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Barka River
Barka River (نهر بركة nahr Baraka) flows from the Eritrean Highlands to the plains of Sudan.
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Battle of Gura
The Battle of Gura was fought on March 7–9, 1876 between the Ethiopian Empire and the Khedivate of Egypt near the town of Gura in Eritrea.
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Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
The Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften) is an independent public institution, located in Munich.
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Bilen people
The Bilenalso variously transcribed as Blin, and also formerly known as the Bogo, Bogos or North Agaware an ethnic group on the Horn of Africa.
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Bosporus
The Bosporus or Bosphorus;The spelling Bosporus is listed first or exclusively in all major British and American dictionaries (e.g.,,, Merriam-Webster,, and Random House) as well as the Encyclopædia Britannica and the.
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Cairo
Cairo (القاهرة) is the capital of Egypt.
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Caisse de la Dette
The Caisse de la Dette Publique ("Public Debt Commission") was an international commission established by a decree issued by Khedive Ismail of Egypt on 2 May 1876 to supervise the payment by the Egyptian government of the loans to the European governments following the construction of the Suez Canal.
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Champagne
Champagne is sparkling wine or, in EU countries, legally only that sparkling wine which comes from the Champagne region of France.
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Charles Rivers Wilson
Sir Charles Rivers Wilson (1831-1916) was a British civil servant and financier.
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Circassians
The Circassians (Черкесы Čerkesy), also known by their endonym Adyghe (Circassian: Адыгэхэр Adygekher, Ады́ги Adýgi), are a Northwest Caucasian nation native to Circassia, many of whom were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War in 1864.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.
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Darfur
Darfur (دار فور, Fur) is a region in western Sudan.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Egypt Eyalet
The Eyalet of Egypt was the result of the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, following the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517) and the absorption of Syria into the Empire in 1516.
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Egyptian National Library and Archives
The Egyptian National Library and Archives (دار الكتب والوثائق القومية; "Dar el-Kotob") in Cairo is the largest library in Egypt.
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Egyptian National Railways
Egyptian National Railways (ENR; السكك الحديدية المصرية Al-Sikak al-Ḥadīdiyyah al-Miṣriyyah) is the national railway of Egypt and managed by the parastatal Egyptian Railway Authority (ERA; الهيئة القومية لسكك حديد مصر Al-Haī'ah al-Qawmiyya li-Sikak Ḥadīd Miṣr, literally, "National Agency for Egypt's Railways").
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Egyptians
Egyptians (مَصريين;; مِصريّون; Ni/rem/en/kīmi) are an ethnic group native to Egypt and the citizens of that country sharing a common culture and a common dialect known as Egyptian Arabic.
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Emperor of Ethiopia
The Emperor of Ethiopia (ንጉሠ ነገሥት, nəgusä nägäst, "King of Kings") was the hereditary ruler of the Ethiopian Empire, until the abolition of the monarchy in 1975.
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Ercolano
Ercolano is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania of Southern Italy.
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Eritrea
Eritrea (ኤርትራ), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa, with its capital at Asmara.
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Ethiopia
Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ, yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk), is a country located in the Horn of Africa.
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Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer
Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer (26 February 1841 – 29 January 1917), was a British statesman, diplomat and colonial administrator.
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Feriyal Kadinefendi
Feriyal Kadinefendi was a woman (1845 - February 21, 1902) who was born in France in and was born to a noble French family.
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Firman
A firman (فرمان farmân), or ferman (Turkish), at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state, namely the Ottoman Empire.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Fuad I of Egypt
Fuad I (فؤاد الأول Fu’ād al-Awwal, I.; 26 March 1868 – 28 April 1936) was the Sultan and later King of Egypt and Sudan, Sovereign of Nubia, Kordofan, and Darfur.
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George Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen
George Joachim Goschen, 1st Viscount Goschen, PC, DL, FBA (10 August 1831 – 7 February 1907) was a British statesman and businessman best remembered for being "forgotten" by Lord Randolph Churchill.
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Great power
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale.
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Habesh Eyalet
Habesh Eyalet (ایالت حبش; Eyālet-i Ḥabeş) was an Ottoman eyalet.
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Hamasien
Hamasien (Tigrinya: ሓማሴን) As the bible Ge'ez teachings teaches that the name hamasien was made up by the mixing of the names of Ham and Shem in Ge'ez "Esien" Because this people were made up by the mixing of Ham and Shem As the inhabitants of the hamasien and some other regions in Eritrea are of Semitic origin, a branch of Afroasiatic.
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Hewett Treaty
The Hewett Treaty, also called the Treaty of Adwa, was an agreement between Britain, Egypt and Ethiopia signed at Adwa on 3 June 1884.
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Hoshiar Kadinefendi
Hoshiar Kadinefendi (c. 1813 – 21 June 1886) was a consort to Ibrahim Pasha and was Walida Pasha to their son Isma'il Pasha.
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Hugh Chisholm
Hugh Chisholm (22 February 1866 – 29 September 1924) was a British journalist, and editor of the 10th, 11th and 12th editions of the Encyclopædia Britannica.
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Hussein Kamel of Egypt
Sultan Hussein Kamel (السلطان حسين كامل, Sultan Hüseyin Kamil Paşa; November 1853 – 9 October 1917) was the Sultan of Egypt from 19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917, during the British protectorate over Egypt.
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Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt
Ibrahim Pasha (Kavalalı İbrahim Paşa, 1789 – November 10, 1848) was the eldest son of Muhammad Ali, the Wāli and unrecognised Khedive of Egypt and Sudan.
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Islam
IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).
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Istanbul
Istanbul (or or; İstanbul), historically known as Constantinople and Byzantium, is the most populous city in Turkey and the country's economic, cultural, and historic center.
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Jamal Nur Kadinefendi
Jamal Nur Kadinefendi (born in 1850; died 1876) was a consort to Khedive Isma'il Pasha of Egypt.
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Jeshm Afet Hanimefendi
Jeshm Afet Hanim was the Princess consort of Khedive Isma'il Pasha of Egypt.
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Keren, Eritrea
Keren (Ge'ez: ከረን كرن or كيرين), formerly known as Cheren and Sanhit,Shinn, David & al.
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Khedivate of Egypt
The Khedivate of Egypt (خدیویت مصر) was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt.
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Khedive
The term Khedive (خدیو Hıdiv) is a title largely equivalent to the English word viceroy.
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Khedivial Opera House
The Khedivial Opera House or Royal Opera House (دار الأوبرا الخديوية / ALA-LC: Dār Awbirā al-Khudaywī) was an opera house in Cairo, Egypt.
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Legion of Honour
The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.
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List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire
The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.
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Lord Mayor of London
The Lord Mayor of London is the City of London's mayor and leader of the City of London Corporation.
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Mahmud II
Mahmud II (Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثانى Mahmud-u sānī, محمود عدلى Mahmud-u Âdlî) (İkinci Mahmut) (20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.
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Massawa
Massawa (Maṣṣawa‘, Mitsiwa), also known as Miṣṣiwa‘ (مِـصِّـوَع) and Bāḍiʿ (بَـاضِـع),Matt Phillips, Jean-Bernard Carillet, Lonely Planet Ethiopia and Eritrea, (Lonely Planet: 2006), p.340.
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Mixed Courts of Egypt
The Mixed Courts of Egypt (المحاكم المختلطة, transliterated: Al-Maḥākim al-Mukhṭaliṭah) (Tribunaux Mixtes d'Egypte) were founded in October 1875 by the Khedive Isma'il Pasha.
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Muhammad Ali dynasty
The Muhammad Ali dynasty was the ruling dynasty of Egypt and Sudan from the 19th to the mid-20th century.
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Muhammad Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; محمد علي باشا / ALA-LC: Muḥammad ‘Alī Bāshā; Albanian: Mehmet Ali Pasha; Turkish: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who rose to the rank of Pasha, and became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan with the Ottomans' temporary approval.
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Naples
Naples (Napoli, Napule or; Neapolis; lit) is the regional capital of Campania and the third-largest municipality in Italy after Rome and Milan.
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Napoleon III
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (born Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the President of France from 1848 to 1852 and as Napoleon III the Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870.
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Neshedil Kadinefendi
Neshedil Kadinefendi()(1857 - 30 January 1924) was a consort to Khedive Isma'il Pasha of Egypt.
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Nile
The Nile River (النيل, Egyptian Arabic en-Nīl, Standard Arabic an-Nīl; ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro; Ancient Egyptian: Ḥ'pī and Jtrw; Biblical Hebrew:, Ha-Ye'or or, Ha-Shiḥor) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.
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Nubar Pasha
Nubar Pasha (نوبار باشا Նուպար Փաշա (January 1825, Smyrna, Ottoman Empire - 14 January 1899, Paris) was an Egyptian-Armenian politician and the first Prime Minister of Egypt. He served as Prime Minister three times during his career. His first term was between August 1878 and 23 February 1879. His second term was served from 10 January 1884 to 9 June 1888. His final term was between 16 April 1894 and 12 November 1895.
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Nur Felek Kadinefendi
Nur Felek Kadinefendi was the first consort of Isma'il Pasha of Egypt.
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Order of Glory (Ottoman Empire)
The Order of Glory (Nişan-i İftihar) was an order of the Ottoman Empire founded 19 August 1831 by Sultan Mahmud II.
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Order of Leopold (Austria)
The Austrian Imperial Order of Leopold (Österreichisch-kaiserlicher Leopold-Orden) was founded by Franz I of Austria on 8 January 1808.
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Order of Leopold (Belgium)
The Order of Leopold (Leopoldsorde, Ordre de Léopold) is one of the three current Belgian national honorary orders of knighthood.
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Order of Osmanieh
The Order of Osmanieh or Osmaniye (Osmanlı Devlet Nişanı) was a military decoration of the Ottoman Empire.
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Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
The Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (Ordine dei Santi Maurizio e Lazzaro) is a Roman Catholic dynastic order of knighthood bestowed by the House of Savoy, founded in 1572 by Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, through amalgamation approved by Pope Gregory XIII of the Order of Saint Maurice, founded in 1434, with the medieval Order of Saint Lazarus, founded circa 1119, considered its sole legitimate successor.
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Order of the Bath
The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725.
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Order of the Black Eagle
The Order of the Black Eagle (Hoher Orden vom Schwarzen Adler) was the highest order of chivalry in the Kingdom of Prussia.
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Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar
The Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar (Wisam al-Kawkab al-Durri al-Zanzibari) is a decoration awarded by the Sultan of Zanzibar for meritorious services and since The Order of Independence was created in 1963 it is reserved for the persons rendering extraordinary service to the Sultan, his heirs and successors and other members of the Royal family.
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Order of the Crown of Italy
The Order of the Crown of Italy, italic, was founded as a national order in 1868 by King Vittorio Emanuele II, to commemorate the unification of Italy in 1861.
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Order of the Netherlands Lion
The Order of the Netherlands Lion, also referred to as the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands (De Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw, L'Ordre du Lion Néerlandais) is a Dutch order of chivalry founded by King William I of the Netherlands on 29 September 1815.
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Order of the Red Eagle
The Order of the Red Eagle (Roter Adlerorden) was an order of chivalry of the Kingdom of Prussia.
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Order of the Redeemer
The Order of the Redeemer (translit), also known as the Order of the Saviour, is an order of merit of Greece.
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Order of the Star of India
The Most Exalted Order of the Star of India is an order of chivalry founded by Queen Victoria in 1861.
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Order of the Sword
The Order of the Sword (officially: Royal Order of the Sword; Swedish: Kungliga Svärdsorden) is a Swedish order of chivalry and military decoration created by King Frederick I of Sweden on February 23, 1748, together with the Order of the Seraphim and the Order of the Polar Star.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Pertevniyal Sultan
Pertevniyal Sultan (1812 – 5 February 1883), sometimes called Besime and Hasna was a consort of Sultan Mahmud II, and Valide Sultan to their son Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire.
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Pope
The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Post office
A post office is a customer service facility forming part of a national postal system.
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Pound sterling
The pound sterling (symbol: £; ISO code: GBP), commonly known as the pound and less commonly referred to as Sterling, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, Jersey, Guernsey, the Isle of Man, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, the British Antarctic Territory, and Tristan da Cunha.
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Queen Victoria
Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death.
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Red Sea
The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
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Sa'id of Egypt
Mohamed Sa'id Pasha (محمد سعيد باشا, Mehmed Said Paşa, March 17, 1822 – January 17, 1863) was the Wāli of Egypt and Sudan from 1854 until 1863, officially owing fealty to the Ottoman Sultan but in practice exercising virtual independence.
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Shafaq Nur Hanim
Shafaq Nur Hanim (1836 - 17 March 1884) was the Princess consort of Khedive Isma'il Pasha and was Walida Pasha to their son Tewfik Pasha, the next Khedive of Egypt and Sudan.
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Slavery
Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.
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Stephen Cave
Sir Stephen Cave (28 December 1820 – 6 June 1880) was a British lawyer, writer and Conservative politician.
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Suakin
Suakin or Sawakin (سواكن Sawákin) is a port city in north-eastern Sudan, on the west coast of the Red Sea, which has been leased to the Republic of Turkey for 99 years by bilateral agreement.
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Sublime Porte
The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (باب عالی Bāb-ı Ālī or Babıali, from باب, bāb "gate" and عالي, alī "high"), is a synecdochic metonym for the central government of the Ottoman Empire.
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Sudan
The Sudan or Sudan (السودان as-Sūdān) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan (جمهورية السودان Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa.
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Suez Canal
thumb The Suez Canal (قناة السويس) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.
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Suez Canal Company
Participating certificate of the Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez, issued 1. January 1889 The Universal Maritime Suez Canal Company (Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez, or simply Compagnie de Suez for short) was the corporation that constructed the Suez Canal between 1859 and 1869 and operated it until 1956.
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Sugar
Sugar is the generic name for sweet-tasting, soluble carbohydrates, many of which are used in food.
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Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation
The Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (French: Ordre suprême de la Très Sainte Annonciade, Italian: Ordine Supremo della Santissima Annunziata) is a Roman Catholic order of knighthood, originating in Savoy.
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Tawfiq of Egypt
Mohamed Tewfik Pasha (محمد توفيق باشا, Muhammed Tevfik Paşa; April 30 or November 15, 1852 – January 7, 1892), also known as Tawfiq of Egypt, was khedive of Egypt and the Sudan between 1879 and 1892 and the sixth ruler from the Muhammad Ali Dynasty.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Turkish language
Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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Vali (governor)
Wāli or vali (from Arabic والي Wāli) is an administrative title that was used during the Caliphate and Ottoman Empire to designate governors of administrative divisions.
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Valide sultan
Valide sultan (والده سلطان, lit. "mother sultan") was the title held by the "legal mother" of a ruling Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
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Wali
Walī (ولي, plural أولياء) is an Arabic word whose literal meanings include "custodian", "protector", "helper", and "friend".
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Werner Munzinger
Werner Munzinger (4 April 1832 in Olten, Switzerland – 14 November 1875 in Awsa, Ethiopia) was a Swiss administrator and explorer of the Horn of Africa.
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William McEntyre Dye
William McEntyre Dye (January 26, 1831 – November 13, 1899) was a soldier from the United States who served in military capacities around the world.
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World Digital Library
The World Digital Library (WDL) is an international digital library operated by UNESCO and the United States Library of Congress.
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Yohannes IV
Yohannes IV (Ge'ez: ፬ኛ ዮሓንስ, Āratenya Yōḥānnis; horse name "Abba Bezba"; 11 July 1837 – 10 March 1889), born Lij Kaśa Mercha and contemporaneously also known in English as Johannes or John IV, was ruler of Tigray 1867-71, and Emperor of Ethiopia ("King of Zion" and "King of Kings" of Ethiopia) 1872-89 is remembered as one of the leading architects of the modern state of Ethiopia.
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Redirects here:
Ishma'il Pasha, Isma'il of Egypt, Isma'il the Magnificent, Isma`il Pasha, Ismail of Egypt, Ismail the Magnificent, Isma‘il, Khedive Isma'il, Khedive Ismail.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isma'il_Pasha
