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95 relations: Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729), Anne, Queen of Great Britain, Anonymity, Autobiography, Battle of Glen Shiel, Battle of Hochkirch, Battle of Leuthen, Battle of Lobositz, Battle of Rossbach, Battle of Sheriffmuir, Brittany, Capture of Eilean Donan Castle, Charles XII of Sweden, Continental Europe, Croatia, Earl Marischal, Elizabeth of Russia, Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great, Estates of the realm, Eva Merthen, Expert, Field marshal, Finnish Literature Society, Franz Moritz von Lacy, Frederick the Great, Freemasonry, G. A. Henty, Galicia (Spain), Generalfeldmarschall, George Browne (soldier), George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal, Hochkirch, House of Stuart, Inverugie, Inverugie Castle, Jacobite rising of 1715, Jacobite risings, Jacobitism, James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth, James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, James Francis Edward Stuart, James II of England, John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675–1732), Karl August Varnhagen von Ense, Kingdom of Finland (1742), Leipzig, Lewis, List of Scottish monarchs, Lusatia, ..., Madrid, Man-of-war, Mary of Modena, Matti Klinge, Moravia, Order of St. Andrew, Order of the Black Eagle, Order of the Thistle, Orkney, Peter Buchan, Peter II of Russia, Peter Lacy, Peter the Great, Peterhead, Philip V of Spain, Pretender, Prince Henry of Prussia (1726–1802), Privy council, Protestantism, Prussia, Prussian Army, Robert Keith (historian), Russia, Russo-Swedish War (1741–43), Saint Petersburg, Scotland, Scots law, Sedan, Ardennes, Seine, Seven Years' War, Siege of Pirna, Siege of Prague, Skye, Spain, Statue of James Francis Edward Keith, Suomen kansallisbiografia, The Honourable, University of Aberdeen, University of Paris, Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov, War of the Quadruple Alliance, William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas, William Keith, 9th Earl Marischal, William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine, Williamite War in Ireland. Expand index (45 more) »
Anglo-Spanish War (1727–1729)
The Anglo-Spanish War of 1727–1729 was a limited war that took place between Great Britain and Spain during the late 1720s, and consisted of a failed British attempt to blockade Porto Bello and a failed Spanish attempt to capture Gibraltar.
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Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) was the Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland between 8 March 1702 and 1 May 1707.
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Anonymity
Anonymity, adjective "anonymous", is derived from the Greek word ἀνωνυμία, anonymia, meaning "without a name" or "namelessness".
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Autobiography
An autobiography (from the Greek, αὐτός-autos self + βίος-bios life + γράφειν-graphein to write) is a self-written account of the life of oneself.
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Battle of Glen Shiel
The Battle of Glen Shiel (Scottish Gaelic: Blàr Ghleann Seile) was a battle in Glen Shiel, in the West Highlands of Scotland on 10 June 1719, between British Government troops (mostly Scots) and an alliance of Jacobites and Spanish, resulting in a victory for the Government forces.
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Battle of Hochkirch
The Battle of Hochkirch took place on 14 October 1758 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War).
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Battle of Leuthen
The Battle of Leuthen was fought on 5 December 1757, at which Frederick the Great's Prussian army used maneuver and terrain to decisively defeat a much larger Austrian force commanded by Prince Charles of Lorraine and Count Leopold Joseph von Daun.
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Battle of Lobositz
The Battle of Lobositz or Lovosice also Lowositz on 1 October 1756 was the opening land battle of the Third Silesian War and the wider Seven Years' War.
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Battle of Rossbach
The Battle of Rossbach took place on 5 November 1757 during the Third Silesian War (1756–1763, part of the Seven Years' War) near the village of Rossbach (Roßbach), in the Electorate of Saxony.
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Battle of Sheriffmuir
The Battle of Sheriffmuir (Blàr Sliabh an t-Siorraim) was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rising in England and Scotland.
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Brittany
Brittany (Bretagne; Breizh, pronounced or; Gallo: Bertaèyn, pronounced) is a cultural region in the northwest of France, covering the western part of what was known as Armorica during the period of Roman occupation.
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Capture of Eilean Donan Castle
The Capture of Eilean Donan Castle was an land-based naval engagement that took place in 1719 during the Jacobite rising of that year, and the War of the Quadruple Alliance.
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Charles XII of Sweden
Charles XII, also Carl (Karl XII; 17 June 1682 – 30 November 1718 O.S.), Latinized to Carolus Rex, was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718.
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Continental Europe
Continental or mainland Europe is the continuous continent of Europe excluding its surrounding islands.
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Croatia
Croatia (Hrvatska), officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), is a country at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, on the Adriatic Sea.
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Earl Marischal
The title of Earl Marischal was created in the peerage of Scotland for William Keith, the Great Marischal of Scotland.
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Elizabeth of Russia
Elizabeth Petrovna (Елизаве́та (Елисаве́та) Петро́вна) (–), also known as Yelisaveta or Elizaveta, was the Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death.
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Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great
The equestrian statue of Frederick the Great is an outdoor sculpture in cast bronze at the east end of Unter den Linden in Berlin, honouring King Frederick II of Prussia.
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Estates of the realm
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the medieval period to early modern Europe.
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Eva Merthen
Eva Merthen (1723–15 October 1811), known as "The Duchess of Finland", was a Finnish woman known for her relationship with the General James Keith during the Russian occupation of the Swedish province of Finland during the Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743).
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Expert
An expert is someone who has a prolonged or intense experience through practice and education in a particular field.
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Field marshal
Field marshal (or field-marshal, abbreviated as FM) is a very senior military rank, ordinarily senior to the general officer ranks.
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Finnish Literature Society
The Finnish Literature Society (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura ry or SKS) was founded in 1831 to promote literature written in Finnish.
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Franz Moritz von Lacy
Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy (English: Francis Maurice de Lacy, Russian: Boris Petrovich Lassi; 21 October 1725 – 24 November 1801), was the son of Count Peter von Lacy and was a famous Austrian field marshal.
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Frederick the Great
Frederick II (Friedrich; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king.
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Freemasonry
Freemasonry or Masonry consists of fraternal organisations that trace their origins to the local fraternities of stonemasons, which from the end of the fourteenth century regulated the qualifications of stonemasons and their interaction with authorities and clients.
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G. A. Henty
George Alfred Henty (8 December 1832 – 16 November 1902) was a prolific English novelist and war correspondent.
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Galicia (Spain)
Galicia (Galician: Galicia, Galiza; Galicia; Galiza) is an autonomous community of Spain and historic nationality under Spanish law.
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Generalfeldmarschall
Generalfeldmarschall (general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal;; abbreviated to Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, the rank Feldmarschall was used.
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George Browne (soldier)
George Browne (Юрий Юрьевич Броун., Seoirse de Brún, Georg Reichsgraf von Browne, George de Browne), Count von Browne in the nobility of the Holy Roman Empire (15 June 1698 – 18 February 1792), was an Irish soldier of fortune who became full general in the Russian service.
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George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal
George Keith, 10th Earl Marischal (1692/3?, probably at Inverugie Castle – 1778, Potsdam) was a Scottish and Prussian army officer and diplomat.
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Hochkirch
Hochkirch (Upper Sorbian: Bukecy) is a municipality in the district of Bautzen, in Saxony, Germany.
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House of Stuart
The House of Stuart, originally Stewart, was a European royal house that originated in Scotland.
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Inverugie
Inverugie (Inbhir Ùigidh) is a small village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland that lies on the entrance to the River Ugie just north of Peterhead.
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Inverugie Castle
Inverugie Castle or Cheyne's Tower is the ruins of a motte-and-bailey castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
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Jacobite rising of 1715
The Jacobite rising of 1715 (Bliadhna Sheumais) (also referred to as the Fifteen or Lord Mar's Revolt), was the attempt by James Francis Edward Stuart (also called the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland for the exiled House of Stuart.
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Jacobite risings
The Jacobite risings, also known as the Jacobite rebellions or the War of the British Succession, were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in Great Britain and Ireland occurring between 1688 and 1746.
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Jacobitism
Jacobitism (Seumasachas, Seacaibíteachas, Séamusachas) was a political movement in Great Britain and Ireland that aimed to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England and Ireland (as James VII in Scotland) and his heirs to the thrones of England, Scotland, France and Ireland.
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James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde
James FitzJames Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde, 13th Earl of Ormond, 7th Earl of Ossory, 2nd Baron Butler, (29 April 1665 – 16 November 1745) was an Irish statesman and soldier.
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James Drummond, 4th Earl of Perth
James Drummond, 1st Duke of Perth KT PC (1648 – 11 May 1716), also 4th Earl of Perth and 7th Lord Drummond, was a Scottish statesman, and Jacobite.
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James Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick
James Francis (Jacobo Francisco) Fitz-James Stuart, 2nd Duke of Berwick, (Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France, 21 October 1696 – Naples, Italy, 2 June 1738) was a Jacobite and Spanish nobleman.
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James Francis Edward Stuart
James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales (10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766), nicknamed the Old Pretender, was the son of King James II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland, and his second wife, Mary of Modena.
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James II of England
James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701An assertion found in many sources that James II died 6 September 1701 (17 September 1701 New Style) may result from a miscalculation done by an author of anonymous "An Exact Account of the Sickness and Death of the Late King James II, as also of the Proceedings at St. Germains thereupon, 1701, in a letter from an English gentleman in France to his friend in London" (Somers Tracts, ed. 1809–1815, XI, pp. 339–342). The account reads: "And on Friday the 17th instant, about three in the afternoon, the king died, the day he always fasted in memory of our blessed Saviour's passion, the day he ever desired to die on, and the ninth hour, according to the Jewish account, when our Saviour was crucified." As 17 September 1701 New Style falls on a Saturday and the author insists that James died on Friday, "the day he ever desired to die on", an inevitable conclusion is that the author miscalculated the date, which later made it to various reference works. See "English Historical Documents 1660–1714", ed. by Andrew Browning (London and New York: Routledge, 2001), 136–138.) was King of England and Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685 until he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
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John Erskine, Earl of Mar (1675–1732)
John Erskine, Earl of Mar, KT (1675May 1732), Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, Earl of Mar (who died in 1689), from whom he inherited estates that were heavily loaded with debt.
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Karl August Varnhagen von Ense
Karl August Varnhagen von Ense (21 February 1785 in Düsseldorf – 10 October 1858 in Berlin) was a German biographer, diplomat and soldier.
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Kingdom of Finland (1742)
The attempt to create a Kingdom of Finland in 1742 is a little-known chapter in the history of Finland.
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Leipzig
Leipzig is the most populous city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.
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Lewis
Lewis (Leòdhas,, also Isle of Lewis) is the northern part of Lewis and Harris, the largest island of the Western Isles or Outer Hebrides archipelago in Scotland.
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List of Scottish monarchs
The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland.
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Lusatia
Lusatia (Lausitz, Łužica, Łužyca, Łużyce, Lužice) is a region in Central Europe.
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Madrid
Madrid is the capital of Spain and the largest municipality in both the Community of Madrid and Spain as a whole.
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Man-of-war
The man-of-war (pl. men-of-war; also man of war, man-o'-war, man o' war, or simply man) was a British Royal Navy expression for a powerful warship or frigate from the 16th to the 19th century.
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Mary of Modena
Mary of Modena (Maria di Modena) (Maria Beatrice Anna Margherita Isabella d'Este; –) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland as the second wife of James II and VII (1633–1701).
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Matti Klinge
Matti Klinge (born August 31, 1936, Helsinki) is a Finnish historian.
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Moravia
Moravia (Morava;; Morawy; Moravia) is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
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Order of St. Andrew
The Order of St.
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Order of the Black Eagle
The Order of the Black Eagle (Hoher Orden vom Schwarzen Adler) was the highest order of chivalry in the Kingdom of Prussia.
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Order of the Thistle
The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an order of chivalry associated with Scotland.
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Orkney
Orkney (Orkneyjar), also known as the Orkney Islands, is an archipelago in the Northern Isles of Scotland, situated off the north coast of Great Britain.
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Peter Buchan
Peter Buchan (1790 – 19 September 1854), Scottish was a Scottish editor, publisher, and collector of ballads and folktales.
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Peter II of Russia
Peter II Alexeyevich (Russian: Пётр II Алексеевич, Pyotr II Alekseyevich) (–) reigned as Emperor of Russia from 1727 until his death.
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Peter Lacy
Count Peter von Lacy, or Pyotr Petrovich Lacy (Пётр Петро́вич Ла́сси), as he was known in Russia (26 September 1678 – 30 April 1751), was one of the most successful Russian imperial commanders before Rumyantsev and Suvorov.
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Peter the Great
Peter the Great (ˈpʲɵtr vʲɪˈlʲikʲɪj), Peter I (ˈpʲɵtr ˈpʲɛrvɨj) or Peter Alexeyevich (p; –)Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are in the Julian calendar with the start of year adjusted to 1 January.
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Peterhead
Peterhead (Ceann Phàdraig, Peterheid) is a town in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
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Philip V of Spain
Philip V (Felipe V, Philippe, Filippo; 19 December 1683 – 9 July 1746) was King of Spain from 1 November 1700 to his abdication in favour of his son Louis on 15 January 1724, and from his reascendancy of the throne upon his son's death on 6 September 1724 to his own death on 9 July 1746.
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Pretender
A pretender is one who is able to maintain a claim that they are entitled to a position of honour or rank, which may be occupied by an incumbent (usually more recognised), or whose powers may currently be exercised by another person or authority.
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Prince Henry of Prussia (1726–1802)
Frederick Henry Louis (Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig) (18 January 1726 – 3 August 1802), commonly known as Henry (Heinrich), was a Prince of Prussia and the younger brother of Frederick the Great.
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Privy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a nation, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Prussia
Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.
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Prussian Army
The Royal Prussian Army (Königlich Preußische Armee) served as the army of the Kingdom of Prussia.
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Robert Keith (historian)
Bishop Robert Keith (1681–1757) was a Scottish Episcopal bishop and historian.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russo-Swedish War (1741–43)
The Russo–Swedish War of 1741–1743, known as the Hats' Russian War in Sweden and the Hats' War in Finland, which resulted in the Lesser Wrath (Pikkuviha, Lilla ofreden), or the occupation of Finland, was instigated by the Hats, a Swedish political party that aspired to regain the territories lost to Russia during the Great Northern War, and by French diplomacy, which sought to divert Russia's attention from supporting its long-standing ally, the Habsburg monarchy, in the War of the Austrian Succession.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Scots law
Scots law is the legal system of Scotland.
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Sedan, Ardennes
Sedan is a commune in the Ardennes department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.
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Seine
The Seine (La Seine) is a river and an important commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France.
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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.
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Siege of Pirna
The Siege of Pirna (or Investment of Pirna) took place in 1756 as part of the Prussian invasion of Saxony during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War). Following the occupation of the capital Dresden by Frederick the Great on 9 September the Saxon army had withdrawn south and taken up position at the fortress of Pirna under Frederick von Rutowski. The Saxons hoped to receive relief from the Austrian army which was across the border in neighbouring Bohemia under Marshal Browne. Following the Battle of Lobositz the Austrians withdrew, and tried to approach Pirna by a different route but they failed to make contact with the defenders. Despite a Saxon attempt to escape by crossing the River Elbe, it soon became apparent that their position was hopeless. On 14 October Rutowski concluded a capitulation with Frederick. In total 18,000 troops surrendered. They were swiftly and forcibly incorporated into the Prussian forces, an act which caused widespread protest even from Prussians. Many of them later deserted and fought with the Austrians against the Prussian forces - with whole regiments changing sides at the Battle of Prague.
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Siege of Prague
The Siege of Prague was an unsuccessful attempt by a Prussian army led by Frederick the Great to capture the Austrian city of Prague during the Third Silesian War (Seven Years' War).
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Skye
Skye, or the Isle of Skye (An t-Eilean Sgitheanach or Eilean a' Cheò), is the largest and northernmost of the major islands in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland.
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Spain
Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.
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Statue of James Francis Edward Keith
The statue of James Francis Edward Keith is a bronze sculpture installed at Zietenplatz in Berlin, Germany.
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Suomen kansallisbiografia
Suomen kansallisbiografia (The National Biography of Finland) is a collection of more than 6,000 biographies of individuals and families who have made important contributions to the development of Finnish society.
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The Honourable
The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable (abbreviated to The Hon., Hon. or formerly The Hon'ble—the latter term is still used in South Asia) is a style that is used before the names of certain classes of people.
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University of Aberdeen
The University of Aberdeen is a public research university in Aberdeen, Scotland.
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University of Paris
The University of Paris (Université de Paris), metonymically known as the Sorbonne (one of its buildings), was a university in Paris, France, from around 1150 to 1793, and from 1806 to 1970.
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Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov
Prince Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov (Russian: князь Василий Владимирович Долгоруков) (c. January 1667 – 11 February 1746, Saint Petersburg) was a Russian commander and politician, promoted to Field Marshal (генерал-фельдмаршал) in 1728.
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War of the Quadruple Alliance
The War of the Quadruple Alliance (1717–1720) was a result of the ambitions of Bourbon King Philip V of Spain, his wife, Elisabeth Farnese, and his chief minister Giulio Alberoni to retake territories in Italy lost to the Habsburgs in Vienna, and perhaps even to claim the French throne.
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William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas
William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas and 11th Earl of Angus (1589–1660) was a Scottish nobleman.
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William Keith, 9th Earl Marischal
William Keith, 9th Earl Marischal (c.1664 – 27 May 1712, London) was a Jacobite politician and Earl Marischal of Scotland.
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William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine
William Murray, Marquess of Tullibardine (14 April 1689 – 9 July 1746) was a Scottish army officer and Jacobite leader.
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Williamite War in Ireland
The Williamite War in Ireland (1688–1691) (Cogadh an Dá Rí, meaning "war of the two kings"), was a conflict between Jacobites (supporters of the Catholic King James II of England and Ireland, VII of Scotland) and Williamites (supporters of the Dutch Protestant Prince William of Orange) over who would be monarch of the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Francis_Edward_Keith
