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164 relations: Abdul Ahad Karzai, Abdul Aziz Hotak, Abdul Bari Jahani, Abdul Hai Habibi, Abdur Rahman Khan, Achaemenid Empire, Achakzai, Afghan National Anthem, Afghan National Security Forces, Afghan Turk International School & Colleges, Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Alakozai, Alexander the Great, Alexandria Arachosia, Ancient Greek, Arabic, Arabs, Arachosia, Aramaic language, Arghandab District, Arghandab River, Arghistan District, Asadullah Khalid, Ashoka, Ashraf Hotak, Asia, Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan), Babai (Pashtun tribe), Babur, Baloch people, Balochistan, Pakistan, Barakzai, Barech, Brahui people, British Raj, Bronze, Bronze Age, Bukhara, Cabinet of Afghanistan, Central Asia, Dahla Dam, Daman District, Afghanistan, Dari language, Districts of Afghanistan, Dost Mohammad Khan (Emir of Afghanistan), Durrani, Durrani Empire, Father of the Nation, First Anglo-Afghan War, ..., Gandhara, Genghis Khan, Ghaznavids, Ghazni Province, Ghilji, Ghorak District, Ghulam Haider Hamidi, Ghurid dynasty, Governor, Greek language, Gul Agha Sherzai, Hamid Karzai, Hazaras, Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority, Helmand Province, Hotak, Hotak dynasty, Humayun Azizi, Hussain Hotak, India, Indus Valley Civilisation, International Security Assistance Force, Iranian Plateau, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, Jalalabad, Kabul Shahi, Kakar, Kandahar, Kandahar District, Kandahar International Airport, Kandahar University, Khakrez District, Khosrow Sofla, Languages of Afghanistan, List of governors of Nangarhar, List of national founders, Loudin, Louis Dupree (professor), Lower Babur, Loy Kandahar, Mahmud Hotak, Mahmud of Ghazni, Maruf District, Mausoleum, Maywand District, Medes, Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (Afghanistan), Mirwais Hotak, Miyanishin District, Mohammad Arif Noorzai, Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal, Mohmand, Mughal Empire, Mujahideen, Nader Shah, Nancy Dupree, Nesh District, Nur Jahan, Nurzai, Old Kandahar, Operation Moshtarak, Pakistan, Pakistan Railways, Panjwayi District, Pashto, Pashtuns, Persian language, Pir Muhammad ibn Jahangir, Popalzai, Pottery, Provinces of Afghanistan, Rahmatullah Raufi, Reg District (Kandahar), Registan Desert, Safavid dynasty, Saffarid dynasty, Second Anglo-Afghan War, Seleucid Empire, Shah Wali Kot District, Sher Ali Khan, Shorabak District, Sistan, Smithsonian Institution, South Asia, Soviet–Afghan War, Spin Boldak, Spin Boldak District, Subah, Tajiks, Taliban, Tarakai, Tarok Kolache, The Asia Foundation, Timur, Timur Shah Durrani, Timurid dynasty, Tokhi, Toryalai Wesa, Tribal chief, Umayyad Caliphate, United Arab Emirates, United States Agency for International Development, United States Army Corps of Engineers, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Urozgan Province, Uzbeks, War in Afghanistan (2001–present), Western Asia, Yahya Maroofi, Yousef Pashtun, Zabul Province, Zaman Shah Durrani, Zhari District, Zunbils. Expand index (114 more) »
Abdul Ahad Karzai
Abdul Ahad Karzai (1922 – 14 July 1999) was a politician in Afghanistan, who served as the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly of Afghanistan under King Zahir Shah in the 1960s.
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Abdul Aziz Hotak
Shāh Abdul Azīz Hotak (died 1717) (عبد العزیز هوتک) was the second ruler of the Ghilji Hotak dynasty of Kandahar, in what is now the modern state of Afghanistan.
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Abdul Bari Jahani
Abdul Bari Jahani (عبدالباري جهاني) is an Afghan poet, novelist, historian and journalist.
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Abdul Hai Habibi
Abdul Hai Habibi (عبدالحى حبيبي, عبدالحی حبیبی) – ʿAbd' ul-Ḥay Ḥabībi) (1910 – 9 May 1984) was a prominent Afghan historian for much of his lifetime as well as a member of the National Assembly of Afghanistan (Afghan Parliament) during the reign of King Zahir Shah. A Pashtun nationalist from Kakar tribe of Kandahar, Afghanistan, he began as a young teacher who made his way up to become a writer, scholar, politician and Dean of Faculty of Literature at Kabul University. He is the author of over 100 books but is best known for editing Pata Khazana, an "old" Pashto language manuscript that he claimed to have "discovered" in 1944; the academic community, however, does not acknowledge the manuscript as genuine.
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Abdur Rahman Khan
Abdur Rahman Khan (عبد رحمان خان) (between 1840 and 1844October 1, 1901) was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901.
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Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire, also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great.
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Achakzai
Achakzai (اڅکزی), pronounced in Pashto, is a Pashtun tribe that resides on both sides of current Pakistan Afghanistan border, centered on Killa Abdullah District with some clans as far away as Afghanistan’s Kandahar Province.
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Afghan National Anthem
The "Afghan National Anthem" (ملی سرود - Milli Sorud; سرود ملی - Sorude Melli, literally "National anthem") was adopted and officially announced as such by a Loya Jirga in May 2006.
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Afghan National Security Forces
The Afghan National Security Forces (ANSF), also known as the Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF), consist of.
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Afghan Turk International School & Colleges
Afghan Turk International School & Colleges are the members of a chain of Turkish educational institutions established in 1995 and running under the auspices of Afghan Turk International Cag Educational Foundation for pursuit of excellence in education in Afghanistan.
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Afghanistan
Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.
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Ahmad Shah Durrani
Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c. 1722 – 16 October 1772) (Pashto: احمد شاه دراني), also known as Ahmad Khān Abdālī (احمد خان ابدالي), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan.
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Alakozai
Alakozai ('''الکوزی'''. - meaning descendant of Alako in Pashto) is the name of a Pashtun tribe in Afghanistan.
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Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.
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Alexandria Arachosia
Alexandria in Arachosia was a city in ancient times that is now called Kandahar in Afghanistan.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Arabs
Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.
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Arachosia
Arachosia is the Hellenized name of an ancient satrapy in the eastern part of the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Greco-Bactrian, and Indo-Scythian empires.
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Aramaic language
Aramaic (אַרָמָיָא Arāmāyā, ܐܪܡܝܐ, آرامية) is a language or group of languages belonging to the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic language family.
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Arghandab District
Arghandab (Pashto/ارغنداب) is a district in the central part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Arghandab River
Arghandab is a river in Afghanistan, about in length.
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Arghistan District
The Arghistan District (ارغستان ولسوالۍ, ولسوالی ارغستان) is a district situated in the northeastern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Asadullah Khalid
Asadullah Khalid is a politician in Afghanistan.
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Ashoka
Ashoka (died 232 BCE), or Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from to 232 BCE.
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Ashraf Hotak
Shāh Ashraf Hotak, (شاہ أشرف ہوتک), also known as Shāh Ashraf Ghiljī (شاه اشرف غلجي) (died 1730), son of Abdul Aziz Hotak, was the fourth ruler of the Hotak dynasty.
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Asia
Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.
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Ayub Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)
Ghazi Mohammad Ayub Khan (غازي محمد ايوب خان) (1857 – April 7, 1914, Urdu) was also known as The Victor of Maiwand or The Afghan Prince Charlie and was, for a while, the governor of Herat Province in Afghanistan.
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Babai (Pashtun tribe)
The Babai (Pashto: بابئی or بابئے), also known as Babi (Pashto: بابی), is a Gharghashti Pashtun tribe.
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Babur
Babur (بابر|lit.
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Baloch people
The Baloch or Baluch (Balochi) are a people who live mainly in the Balochistan region of the southeastern-most edge of the Iranian plateau in Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan, as well as in the Arabian Peninsula.
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Balochistan, Pakistan
Balochistan (bəloːt͡ʃɪs't̪ɑːn) (بلوچِستان), is one of the five provinces of Pakistan.
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Barakzai
Bārakzai (بارکزی, bārakzay, plur. bārakzī) is the name of a Pashtun tribe from present-day, Kandahar, Afghanistan.
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Barech
Barech (also Baraich, Bareach, Barreach) is a Pashtun tribe indigenous to southern Kandahar province of Afghanistan and in Quetta, Pakistan.
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Brahui people
The Brahui (Brahui: براہوئی) or Brahvi people are an ethnic group of about 2.2 million people with the vast majority found in Baluchistan, Pakistan.
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British Raj
The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.
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Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12% tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon.
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Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.
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Bukhara
Bukhara (Uzbek Latin: Buxoro; Uzbek Cyrillic: Бухоро) is a city in Uzbekistan.
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Cabinet of Afghanistan
The Cabinet of Afghanistan is made of the heads of all the government ministries.
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Central Asia
Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.
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Dahla Dam
The Dahla Dam is the largest dam in Kandahar Province, and the second largest in Afghanistan.
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Daman District, Afghanistan
Daman District is situated in the central part of the Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Dari language
Darī (دری) or Dari Persian (فارسی دری Fārsī-ye Darī) or synonymously Farsi (فارسی Fārsī) is the variety of the Persian language spoken in Afghanistan.
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Districts of Afghanistan
This is a list of districts of Afghanistan, known as wuleswali (ولسوالۍ or wuləswāləi; شهرستان), which are one level below the provinces.
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Dost Mohammad Khan (Emir of Afghanistan)
Dost Mohammad Khan (دوست محمد خان, December 23, 1793June 9, 1863) was the founder of the Barakzai dynasty and one of the prominent rulers of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War.
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Durrani
Durrani (دراني) or Abdali (ابدالي) is the name of a prominent Sarbani Pashtun tribal confederation in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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Durrani Empire
The Durrani Empire (د درانیانو واکمني), also called the Afghan Empire (د افغانانو واکمني), was founded and built by Ahmad Shah Durrani.
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Father of the Nation
The Father of the Nation is an honorific title given to a man considered the driving force behind the establishment of his country, state, or nation.
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First Anglo-Afghan War
The First Anglo-Afghan War (also known as Disaster in Afghanistan) was fought between British imperial India and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1839 to 1842.
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Gandhara
Gandhāra was an ancient kingdom situated along the Kabul and Swat rivers of Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan or Temüjin Borjigin (Чингис хаан, Çingis hán) (also transliterated as Chinggis Khaan; born Temüjin, c. 1162 August 18, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.
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Ghaznavids
The Ghaznavid dynasty (غزنویان ġaznaviyān) was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin, at their greatest extent ruling large parts of Iran, Afghanistan, much of Transoxiana and the northwest Indian subcontinent from 977 to 1186.
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Ghazni Province
Ghazni (غزنی; غزني) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southeastern part of the country.
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Ghilji
The Ghilji (غلجي Ghəljī), غلزایی), also called Khaljī (خلجي), Khiljī, Ghilzai, or Gharzai (غرزی; ghar means "mountain" and zai "born of"), are the largest Pashtun tribal confederacy. The Ghilji at various times became rulers of present Afghanistan region and were the most dominant Pashtun confederacy from c. 1000 A.D. until 1747 A.D., when power shifted to the Durranis. The Ghilji tribes are today scattered all over Afghanistan and some parts of Pakistan, but most are concentrated in the region from Zabul to Kabul province, with Ghazni and Paktika provinces in the center of their region. The Ghilji tribes are also settled in Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan. Many of the migrating Kochi people of Afghanistan belong to the Ghilji confederacy. Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, the current President of Afghanistan, also belongs to the Ghilji tribe. From 1709 to 1738, the Ghilji ruled the Hotak Empire based first in Kandahar, Afghanistan and later, from 1722–1728, in Isfahan, Persia. The founder of the Hotak Empire was Mirwais Hotak. Another famous Ghilji from the 18th century was Azad Khan Afghan, who rose to power from 1752 to 1757 in western Iran.
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Ghorak District
Ghorak district is situated in the northwestern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Ghulam Haider Hamidi
Ghulam Haider Hamidi (غلام حیدر حمیدی, also spelled Ghulam Haidar Hameedi and also known as Henry Hamidi; 1945 – 27 July 2011) was the Mayor of Kandahar in Afghanistan.
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Ghurid dynasty
The Ghurids or Ghorids (سلسله غوریان; self-designation: شنسبانی, Shansabānī) were a dynasty of Eastern Iranian descent from the Ghor region of present-day central Afghanistan, presumably Tajik, but the exact ethnic origin is uncertain, and it has been argued that they were Pashtun.
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Governor
A governor is, in most cases, a public official with the power to govern the executive branch of a non-sovereign or sub-national level of government, ranking under the head of state.
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Greek language
Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
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Gul Agha Sherzai
Gul Agha Sherzai, also known as Mohammad Shafiq, is a politician in Afghanistan.
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Hamid Karzai
Hamid Karzai, (Pashto/حامد کرزی, born 24 December 1957) is an Afghan politician who was the leader of Afghanistan from 22 December 2001 to 29 September 2014, originally as an interim leader and then as President for almost ten years, from 7 December 2004 to 2014.
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Hazaras
The Hazaras (هزاره, آزره) are an ethnic group native to the region of Hazarajat in central Afghanistan, speaking the Hazaragi variant of Dari, itself an eastern variety of Persian and one of the two official languages of Afghanistan.
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Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority
The Helmand and Arghandab Valley Authority (HAVA) based in Lashkar Gah, Afghanistan, originally named the Helmand Valley Authority (HVA) until its expansion in 1965, C Clapp-Wicek & E Baldwin, U.S. Agency for International Development, published December 1983 was established on December 4, 1952 as an agency of the Afghan Government.
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Helmand Province
Helmand (Pashto/Dari: هلمند), also known as Hillmand or Helman, and, in ancient times, as Hermand and Hethumand is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, in the south of the country.
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Hotak
The Hotak (هوتک),or Hotaki (هوتکي), is a tribe of the Ghilji confederacy of the Pashtun people.
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Hotak dynasty
The Hotak dynasty (د هوتکيانو ټولواکمني) was an Afghan monarchy of the Ghilji Pashtuns, established in April 1709 by Mirwais Hotak after leading a successful revolution against their declining Persian Safavid overlords in the region of Loy Kandahar ("Greater Kandahar") in what is now southern Afghanistan.
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Humayun Azizi
Humayun Azizi was a governor of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, from April 2015 until 2017.
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Hussain Hotak
Shah Hussain Hotak, (Pashto شاه حسين هوتک), son of Mirwais Hotak, was the fifth and last ruler of the Hotak dynasty.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or Harappan Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation (5500–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
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International Security Assistance Force
The International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) was a NATO-led security mission in Afghanistan, established by the United Nations Security Council in December 2001 by Resolution 1386, as envisaged by the Bonn Agreement.
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Iranian Plateau
The Iranian Plateau or the Persian Plateau is a geological formation in Western Asia and Central Asia.
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Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (د افغانستان اسلامي امارات) was an Islamic state established in September 1996 when the Taliban began their rule of Afghanistan after the fall of Kabul.
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Jalalabad
Jalālābād, or Dzalalabad, formerly called Ādīnapūr as documented by the 7th-century Xuanzang, is a city in eastern Afghanistan.
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Kabul Shahi
The Kabul Shahi dynasties also called ShahiyaSehrai, Fidaullah (1979).
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Kakar
The Kakar (Pashto: کاکړ, Urdu: کاکڑ, Hindi: काकड़) is a Gharghashti Pashtun tribe, based mostly in the Balochistan Province of Pakistan, and Loy Kandahar in Afghanistan.
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Kandahar
Kandahār or Qandahār (کندهار; قندهار; known in older literature as Candahar) is the second-largest city in Afghanistan, with a population of about 557,118.
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Kandahar District
Kandahar District or Dand District is situated in the central part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, surrounding the city of Kandahar.
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Kandahar International Airport
Kandahar International Airport (د کندهار نړيوال هوايي ډګر; referred to by ISAF as Kandahar Airfield, KAF) is located south-east of Kandahar City in Afghanistan.
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Kandahar University
Kandahar University (د کندهار پوهنتون; Persian: دانشگاه قندهار) is a government funded higher learning institution in Kandahar, Afghanistan.
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Khakrez District
Khakrez District is a rural agrarian community with a population of more than 20,000 located in north-central Kandahar Province.
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Khosrow Sofla
Khosrow Sofla was a village in the Arghandab District of Kandahar Province in southern Afghanistan that was demolished by the United States Army in October and November 2010.
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Languages of Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a multilingual country in which two languages – Pashto and Dari – are both official and most widely spoken.
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List of governors of Nangarhar
This is a list of the governors of the province of Nangarhar, Afghanistan.
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List of national founders
The following list of national founding figures is a record, by country, of people who were credited with establishing their nation.
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Loudin
Loudin is a surname.
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Louis Dupree (professor)
Professor Louis Dupree (August 23, 1925 – March 21, 1989) was an American archaeologist, anthropologist, and scholar of Afghan culture and history.
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Lower Babur
Lower Babur is a village in the Arghandab District of Kandahar Province in southern Afghanistan that was destroyed by American military forces in October and November 2010.
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Loy Kandahar
Lōy Kandahār (لوی کندهار, lit. "Greater Kandahar") is a historical and cultural region of Afghanistan, comprising the modern Afghanistan provinces of Kandahar, Helmand, Farah, Urozgan, and Zabul, as well as parts of Nimruz, and the Pashtun majority northern part of Balochistan Province, Pakistan (the latter known as "South Pashtunkhwa").
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Mahmud Hotak
Shāh Mahmūd Hotak, (شاه محمود هوتک), also known as Shāh Mahmūd Ghiljī (شاه محمود غلجي) (lived 1697 – April 22, 1725), was an Afghan ruler of the Hotak dynasty who overthrew the heavily declined Safavid dynasty to briefly become the king of Persia from 1722 until his death in 1725.
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Mahmud of Ghazni
Yamīn-ud-Dawla Abul-Qāṣim Maḥmūd ibn Sebüktegīn (یمینالدوله ابوالقاسم محمود بن سبکتگین), more commonly known as Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی; November 971 – 30 April 1030), also known as Mahmūd-i Zābulī (محمود زابلی), was the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire.
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Maruf District
Maruf District (from the Persian: معروف) (also:Ma'ruf, Maroof) is a district in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people.
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Maywand District
Maiwand District is situated in the western part of the Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Medes
The Medes (Old Persian Māda-, Μῆδοι, מָדַי) were an ancient Iranian people who lived in an area known as Media (northwestern Iran) and who spoke the Median language. At around 1100 to 1000 BC, they inhabited the mountainous area of northwestern Iran and the northeastern and eastern region of Mesopotamia and located in the Hamadan (Ecbatana) region. Their emergence in Iran is thought to have occurred between 800 BC and 700 BC, and in the 7th century the whole of western Iran and some other territories were under Median rule. Its precise geographical extent remains unknown. A few archaeological sites (discovered in the "Median triangle" in western Iran) and textual sources (from contemporary Assyrians and also ancient Greeks in later centuries) provide a brief documentation of the history and culture of the Median state. Apart from a few personal names, the language of the Medes is unknown. The Medes had an ancient Iranian religion (a form of pre-Zoroastrian Mazdaism or Mithra worshipping) with a priesthood named as "Magi". Later during the reigns of the last Median kings, the reforms of Zoroaster spread into western Iran.
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Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (Afghanistan)
The Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) is a ministry of the Afghan government.
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Mirwais Hotak
Mīrwais Khān Hotak (مير ويس خان هوتک), also known as Shāh Mirwais Ghiljī (شاه ميرويس غلجي) (1673 – November 1715), was an influential tribal chief of the Ghilji Pashtuns from Kandahar, Afghanistan, who founded the Hotak dynasty that existed from 1709 to 1738.
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Miyanishin District
Miyanishin District (translit) is a new district of Kandahar District, Afghanistan, created in 2005.
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Mohammad Arif Noorzai
Mohammad Arif Noorzai (born 1959) was a former minister of Border and Tribe Affairs for Afghanistan.
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Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal
Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal (محمد هاشم میوندوال 23 March 1919 – 1 October 1973) was an Afghan politician during the reign of Zahir Shah.
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Mohmand
Mohmand (Pashto:مومند) is a Pashtun tribe son of Daulatyar tribe grandson of Ghoryakhel mainly live in Mohmand Agency, FATA, and Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and Nangarhar, Afghanistan.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.
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Mujahideen
Mujahideen (مجاهدين) is the plural form of mujahid (مجاهد), the term for one engaged in Jihad (literally, "holy war").
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Nader Shah
Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.
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Nancy Dupree
Nancy Hatch Dupree (October 3, 1927 – September 10, 2017) was an American historian whose work primarily focused on the history of modern Afghanistan.
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Nesh District
Nesh (نېش ولسوالۍ, ولسوالی نیش) is a mountainous district in the northern part of Kandahar Province, shifted from Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan.
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Nur Jahan
Nur Jahan (born Mehr-un-Nissa) (31 May 1577 – 17 December 1645) was the twentieth (and last) wife of the Mughal emperor Jahangir.
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Nurzai
The name Nurzai or Noorzai, linguistically, is a combination of Arabic and Pashto meaning son of the light.
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Old Kandahar
Old Kandahar (locally known as Zorr Shaar; زوړ ښار, meaning "Old City") is a historical section of the city of Kandahar in southern Afghanistan.
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Operation Moshtarak
Operation Moshtarak (Dari for Together or Joint), also known as the Battle of Marjah, an International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) pacification offensive in the town of Marjah, Helmand Province, Afghanistan.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.
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Pakistan Railways
Pakistan Railways (پاکستان ریلویز) is the national, state-owned railway company of Pakistan.
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Panjwayi District
Panjwayi (also spelled Panjwaye, Panjwaii, Panjway, Panjwa'i, or Panjwai) is a district in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Pashto
Pashto (پښتو Pax̌tō), sometimes spelled Pukhto, is the language of the Pashtuns.
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Pashtuns
The Pashtuns (or; پښتانه Pax̌tānə; singular masculine: پښتون Pax̌tūn, feminine: پښتنه Pax̌tana; also Pukhtuns), historically known as ethnic Afghans (افغان, Afğān) and Pathans (Hindustani: پٹھان, पठान, Paṭhān), are an Iranic ethnic group who mainly live in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
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Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
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Pir Muhammad ibn Jahangir
Pir Muhammad ibn Jahangir (c. 1374 – 22 February 1407) was a Timurid prince and briefly succeeded as King of Timurid Empire after the death of his grandfather Timur the Lame.
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Popalzai
Popalzai or Popalzay (پوپلزی), also known as Popal, are Durrani (formerly called Abdali or Bor Tareen) Pashtuns of Afghanistan and Pakistan.
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Pottery
Pottery is the ceramic material which makes up pottery wares, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.
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Provinces of Afghanistan
Afghanistan is made up of 34 provinces (ولايت wilåyat).
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Rahmatullah Raufi
1Major General Rahmatullah Raufi (born 1948 in Maidan Wardak Province, Afghanistan) is a former governor of Kandahar from August 2008 until he was sacked on December 4, 2008.
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Reg District (Kandahar)
Reg District is situated in the southern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Registan Desert
The Registan Desert (Persian), also known as Rigestan Desert, is an extremely arid plateau region located between Helmand and Kandahar provinces in southwestern Afghanistan.
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Safavid dynasty
The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.
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Saffarid dynasty
The Saffarid dynasty (سلسله صفاریان) was a Muslim Persianate dynasty from Sistan that ruled over parts of eastern Iran, with its capital at Zaranj (a city now in southwestern Afghanistan).
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Second Anglo-Afghan War
The Second Anglo-Afghan War (د افغان-انګرېز دويمه جګړه) was a military conflict fought between the British Raj and the Emirate of Afghanistan from 1878 to 1880, when the latter was ruled by Sher Ali Khan of the Barakzai dynasty, the son of former Emir Dost Mohammad Khan.
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Seleucid Empire
The Seleucid Empire (Βασιλεία τῶν Σελευκιδῶν, Basileía tōn Seleukidōn) was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty, which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC; Seleucus I Nicator founded it following the division of the Macedonian empire vastly expanded by Alexander the Great.
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Shah Wali Kot District
Shah Wali Kot District (شاه ولي کوټ ولسوالۍ, ولسوالی شاه ولی کوت) is situated in the northern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Sher Ali Khan
Sher Ali Khan (شير علي خان)(c. 1825 – February 21, 1879) was Amir of Afghanistan from 1863 to 1866 and from 1868 until his death in 1879.
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Shorabak District
Shorabak District is a remote district situated in the southeastern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, 110 km south and east of Kandahar.
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Sistan
Sīstān (Persian/Baloch/Pashto: سیستان), known in ancient times as Sakastan (Persian/Baloch/Pashto: ساكاستان; "the land of the Saka"), is a historical and geographical region in present-day eastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province), southern Afghanistan (Nimruz, Kandahar) and the Nok Kundi region of Balochistan (western Pakistan).
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Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge," is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States.
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South Asia
South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.
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Soviet–Afghan War
The Soviet–Afghan War lasted over nine years, from December 1979 to February 1989.
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Spin Boldak
Spin Boldak, meaning 'white desert', is a border town and the headquarters of Spin Boldak District in the southern Kandahar province of Afghanistan, next to the Durand Line border with Pakistan.
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Spin Boldak District
Spin Boldak is a district in the eastern part of Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Subah
A Subah was the term for a province in the Mughal Empire.
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Tajiks
Tajik (تاجيک: Tājīk, Тоҷик) is a general designation for a wide range of native Persian-speaking people of Iranian origin, with current traditional homelands in present-day Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan.
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Taliban
The Taliban (طالبان "students"), alternatively spelled Taleban, which refers to itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), is a Sunni Islamic fundamentalist political movement in Afghanistan currently waging war (an insurgency, or jihad) within that country.
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Tarakai
The Taraki is a Ghilji Pashtun tribe; many are found in Ghazni (their traditional powerbase) and Zabol provinces of Afghanistan.
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Tarok Kolache
Tarok Kolache was a small settlement in Kandahar province, Afghanistan.
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The Asia Foundation
The Asia Foundation is a nonprofit international development organization committed to “improving lives across a dynamic and developing Asia.” Informed by six decades of experience and deep local expertise, its programs address critical issues affecting Asia in the 21st century—governance and law, economic development, women's empowerment, environment, and regional cooperation.
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Timur
Timur (تیمور Temūr, Chagatai: Temür; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang, "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror.
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Timur Shah Durrani
Timur Shah Durrani, (Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic:; 1748 – May 18, 1793) was the second ruler of the Durrani Empire, from October 16, 1772 until his death in 1793.
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Timurid dynasty
The Timurid dynasty (تیموریان), self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol lineageB.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006Encyclopædia Britannica, "", Online Academic Edition, 2007.
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Tokhi
Tokhi (Pashto: توخی) is a Ghilji Pashtun tribe found throughout southern, eastern, southeastern and northeastern Afghanistan.
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Toryalai Wesa
Tooryalai Wesa (توريالی ویسا; born c. 1949) is a politician in Afghanistan.
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Tribal chief
A tribal chief is the leader of a tribal society or chiefdom.
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Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate (ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلأُمَوِيَّة, trans. Al-Khilāfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah), also spelt, was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.
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United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates (UAE; دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة), sometimes simply called the Emirates (الإمارات), is a federal absolute monarchy sovereign state in Western Asia at the southeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf, bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south, as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north.
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United States Agency for International Development
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.
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United States Army Corps of Engineers
The United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is a U.S. federal agency under the Department of Defense and a major Army command made up of some 37,000 civilian and military personnel, making it one of the world's largest public engineering, design, and construction management agencies.
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University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology—commonly called the Penn Museum—is an archaeology and anthropology museum that is part of the University of Pennsylvania.
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Urozgan Province
Urōzgān (اروزګان، روزګان; اروزگان), also spelled as Uruzgan, Oruzgan, Orozgan, or Rozgan, is one of the thirty-four provinces of Afghanistan.
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Uzbeks
The Uzbeks (Oʻzbek/Ўзбек, pl. Oʻzbeklar/Ўзбеклар) are a Turkic ethnic group; the largest Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia.
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War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
The War in Afghanistan (or the U.S. War in Afghanistan; code named Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (2001–2014) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (2015–present)) followed the United States invasion of Afghanistan of October 7, 2001.
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Western Asia
Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia.
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Yahya Maroofi
Mohammad Yahya Maroofi (or Maroufi) (born March 5, 1939 in Kabul), is an ethnic Pashtun from the Barakzai tribe.
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Yousef Pashtun
Mohammad Yousef Pashtun ('''یوسف پښتون '''.) is an Afghan Technocrat and Politician, serving as the Senior Adviser to the President of Afghanistan on Construction, Mines, Water & Energy.
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Zabul Province
Zabul (Persian and زابل) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the south of the country.
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Zaman Shah Durrani
Shah Zaman Durrani, (Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic), (c. 1770 – 1844) was ruler of the Durrani Empire from 1793 until 1800.
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Zhari District
Zhari (Pashto: ژېړۍ, ولسوالی ژری) is a new district in Kandahar Province, Afghanistan.
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Zunbils
Zunbil, also written as Zhunbil, was a royal dynasty south of the Hindu Kush in present southern Afghanistan region.
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Redirects here:
Kandahar Province, Afghanistan, Kandahar province, Kandahār Province, Qandahar (province), Qandahar subah.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kandahar_Province
