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186 relations: Abaga Mongols, Abaganar, Abtai Sain Khan, Adai Khan, Agbarjin, Altai Mountains, Altan Khan, Altan Khan of the Khalkha, Aohans, Ariq Böke, Arughtai, Asud, Öljei Temür Khan, Örüg Temür Khan, Üzemchin Mongols, Baarins, Baatud, Baotou, Barga Mongols, Basalawarmi, Battle of Buir Lake, Battle of Jao Modo, Battle of Kherlen, Bayads, Beijing, Belgutei, Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara, Borjigin, Buddhism, Buryats, Capital city, Central Asia, Chagatai Khan, Chahars, Chao (currency), China, China proper, Chinese language, Choghtu Khong Tayiji, Choros, Conquest dynasty, Cult, Daraisung Guden Khan, Daur people, Dayan Khan, Dörbet Oirat, Delbeg Khan, Dirham, Dolon Nor, Dorgon, ..., Dzungar Khanate, Dzungar people, Eastern Dorbet, Ejei Khan, Eljigin, Emperor, Emperor of China, Emperor Yingzong of Ming, Erdeni Batur, Esen Taishi, Fief, Field gun, Four Oirat, Galdan Boshugtu Khan, Genghis Khan, Gobi Desert, Gorlos Mongols, Greater Khingan, Guizhou, Hami, Han Chinese, Hand cannon, Historiography, Hohhot, Hong Taiji, Hongwu Emperor, House of Ögedei, Imperial Seal of the Mongols, Inner Mongolia, Jalaids, Jaruud, Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Jinong, Jorightu Khan Yesüder, Jurchen people, Kangxi Emperor, Kara Del, Karakoram, Karakorum, Kashgar, Köke Temür, Khagan, Khalkha Mongols, Khanbaliq, Kharchin Mongols, Kharkhul, Khatun, Kherlen River, Khishigten, Khoid, Khongirad, Khorchin Mongols, Khoshut, Khuuchid, Kublai Khan, Kurultai, Lake Baikal, Late Middle Ages, Later Jin (1616–1636), Liang (realm), Liaodong Peninsula, Liaoyang, Ligdan Khan, List of Mongol states, List of Northern Yuan khans, Luc Kwanten, Mahmud, Manchu people, Manchuria, Mandate of Heaven, Mandukhai Khatun, Manduul Khan, Mentorship, Ming campaign against the Uriankhai, Ming conquest of Yunnan, Ming dynasty, Moghulistan, Mongol Empire, Mongolia, Mongolian language, Mongolian nobility, Mongols, Muumyangan, Naghachu, Naimans, Nen River, North China, Northern and southern China, Nurhaci, Oirats, Olot people, Onnigud, Ordos Mongols, Ordos Plateau, Qing dynasty, Qinghai, Red Turban Rebellion, Reuven Amitai, Russian Empire, Russian tea culture, Shamanism, Shangdu, Siberia, Song dynasty, Sunud, Taisun Khan, Tarim Basin, Tarim River, Tümen Zasagt Khan, Tibet, Tibetan Buddhism, Timur, Toghon Temür, Tolui, Torghut, Tumed, Tumu Crisis, Tundra, Tuul River, Ulaanbaatar, Urad Mongols, Uriankhai, Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür, Uyghurs, Warlord, William E. Butler, Yassa, Yellow River, Yingchang, Yongle Emperor, Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols, Yuan dynasty, Yunnan, Zaya Pandita, Zhengde Emperor, Zuunmod. Expand index (136 more) »
Abaga Mongols
The Abagas (Khalkha-Mongolian:Авга/Avga) are a Southern Mongolian ethnic groups in Abag Banner, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Abaganar
The Abaganars are (Khalkha-Mongolian:Авга нар/Avga nar) a Southern Mongolian sub-ethnic group in Inner Mongolia of China.
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Abtai Sain Khan
Abtai Sain Khan (Mongolian: Абтай сайн хан; 1554 - 1588) - alternately Abatai or Avtai - was a Khalkha-Mongolian prince who was named by the 3rd Dalai Lama as first khan of the Tüsheet Khanate in 1587.
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Adai Khan
Adai (1390–1438) was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Agbarjin
Agbarjin (Agvarjin) or Akbarjin was a khagan claimant of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Altai Mountains
The Altai Mountains (also spelled Altay Mountains; Altai: Алтай туулар, Altay tuular; Mongolian:, Altai-yin niruɣu (Chakhar) / Алтайн нуруу, Altain nuruu (Khalkha); Kazakh: Алтай таулары, Altai’ tay’lary, التاي تاۋلارى Алтайские горы, Altajskije gory; Chinese; 阿尔泰山脉, Ā'ěrtài Shānmài, Xiao'erjing: اَعَرتَىْ شًامَىْ; Dungan: Артэ Шанмэ) are a mountain range in Central and East Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan come together, and are where the rivers Irtysh and Ob have their headwaters.
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Altan Khan
Altan Khan of the Tümed (1507–1582; Алтан хан; Chinese: 阿爾坦汗), whose given name was Anda (in Mongolian; 俺答 in Chinese), was the leader of the Tümed Mongols, Shunyi Wang (Prince of Shunyi, Chinese: 顺义王) of Ming dynasty China, and de facto ruler of the Right Wing, or western tribes, of the Mongols.
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Altan Khan of the Khalkha
The Altan Khans (lit. Golden Khan) ruled north-western Mongolia from about 1609 to 1691 at the latest.
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Aohans
The Aohan (Khalkha-Mongolian:Аохань/Aohan) are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Ariq Böke
Ariq Böke (after 1219–1266), the components of his name also spelled Arigh, Arik and Bukha, Buka (Аригбөх; Chinese: 阿里不哥), was the seventh and youngest son of Tolui, a grandson of Genghis Khan.
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Arughtai
Arughtai, also known as Alutai (d. 1434), was a chingsang of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia, who fought against the Yongle Emperor of Ming dynasty China and the Four Oirats.
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Asud
The Asud (Mongolian Cyrillic: Асуд, IPA: //) were a military group of Alani origin.
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Öljei Temür Khan
Öljei Temür Khan (Өлзийтөмөр хаан), Bunyashir Khan (full name: Bunyashiri, died 1412) was the Mongol khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Örüg Temür Khan
Örüg Temür (Chinese) or Gulichi (Chinese) was a Mongol leader who temporarily enthroned himself Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia in the early 15th century.
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Üzemchin Mongols
The Üzemchin (Mongolian: Үзэмчин), also written Ujumchin, Ujumucin or Ujimqin, are a subgroup of Mongols in eastern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.
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Baarins
The Baarin are a Southern Mongol subgroup.
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Baatud
The Baatuds are a sub-ethnic group of the Oirats.
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Baotou
Baotou (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ Buɣutu qota, Бугат хот) also known as Bugat hot is the second largest city by urban population in Inner Mongolia.
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Barga Mongols
The Barga (Mongol: Барга) are a subgroup of the Mongol people which gave its name to the Baikal region – "Bargujin-Tukum" (Bargujin Tökhöm) – “the land’s end”, according to the 13th-14th centuries Mongol people’s conception.
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Basalawarmi
Basalawarmi (died January 6, 1382), commonly known by his hereditary title, the Prince of Liang, was a descendant of Kublai Khan and a Yuan Dynasty loyalist who fought against the ascendant Ming Dynasty in China.
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Battle of Buir Lake
The Battle of Buir Lake was fought between the Chinese Ming and Mongol Northern Yuan forces at Buir Lake in 1388.
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Battle of Jao Modo
The Battle of Jao Modo (Зуунмод-Тэрэлжийн тулалдаан) also known as the Battle of Zuunmod (literally "Battle of the Hundred Trees"), was fought on June 12, 1696 on the banks of the upper Terelj river east of the modern-day Mongolian capital Ulaanbaatar.
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Battle of Kherlen
The Battle of Kherlen was a battle between the Eastern Mongols (Northern Yuan dynasty) and Ming China that took place at the banks of Kherlen River (Kerulen) in the Mongolian Plateau on 23 September 1409.
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Bayads
The Bayad (Mongol: Баяд/Bayad, lit. "the Riches") is the third largest subgroup of the Mongols in Mongolia and they are a tribe in Four Oirats.
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Beijing
Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.
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Belgutei
Belgutei was the son of Yesugei and half-brother to Genghis Khan.
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Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara
Biligtü Khan or The Emperor Zhaozong of Yuan, born Ayushiridara (Билигт хаан Аюушридар) (temple name: 昭宗, Zhaozong; r. 1370–1378), was a ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Borjigin
Borjigin (plural Borjigid; Боржигин, Borjigin; Борджигин, Bordjigin; Mongolian script:, Borjigit) is the last name of the imperial clan of Genghis Khan and his successors.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Buryats
The Buryats (Buryaad; 1, Buriad), numbering approximately 500,000, are the largest indigenous group in Siberia, mainly concentrated in their homeland, the Buryat Republic, a federal subject of Russia.
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Capital city
A capital city (or simply capital) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country, state, province, or other administrative region, usually as its seat of government.
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Central Asia
Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.
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Chagatai Khan
Chagatai Khan (Цагадай, Tsagadai; 察合台, Chágětái; Çağatay; جغتای, Joghatai; 22 December 1183 – 1 July 1242) was the second son of Genghis Khan.
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Chahars
The Chahars (Khalkha Mongolian: Цахар, Tsahar) are a subgroup of Mongols that speak Chakhar Mongolian and predominantly live in southeastern Inner Mongolia, China.
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Chao (currency)
The chao was the official banknote of the Yuan dynasty in China.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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China proper
China proper, Inner China or the Eighteen Provinces was a term used by Western writers on the Manchu Qing dynasty to express a distinction between the core and frontier regions of China.
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Chinese language
Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
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Choghtu Khong Tayiji
Tümengken Tsoghtu Khong Tayiji (Classical Mongolian: Tümengken čoγtu qong tayiǰi; modern Mongolian:,, Tümenkhen Tsogt Khun Taij; 1581–1637), was a noble in Northern Khalkha.
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Choros
Choros or Tsoros (Цорос) was the ruling clan of the Dzungars and Dörbet Oirat and once ruled the whole Four Oirat.
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Conquest dynasty
A conquest dynasty in the history of imperial China refers to a dynasty established by non-Han peoples that ruled parts or all of the China proper, such as the Mongol Yuan dynasty and the Manchu Qing dynasty.
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Cult
The term cult usually refers to a social group defined by its religious, spiritual, or philosophical beliefs, or its common interest in a particular personality, object or goal.
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Daraisung Guden Khan
Daraisung Guden Khan (1520–1557) or Darayisung Gudeng Khan was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Daur people
The Daur people (Khalkha Mongolian: Дагуур/Daguur;; the former name "Dahur" is considered derogatory) are a Mongolic-speaking ethnic group in northeastern China.
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Dayan Khan
Dayan Khan (Даян Хаан) (given name: Batumöngke; 1464–1517/1543) was a Mongol khan who reunited the Mongols under Chinggisid supremacy in the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Dörbet Oirat
The Dörbet (Дөрвд, Dörwd; Дөрвөд, Dörwöd,, lit. "the Fours";; also known in English as the Derbet) is the second largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia and was formerly one of the major tribes of the Four Oirat confederation in the 15th-18th centuries.
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Delbeg Khan
Delbeg (ᠳᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ, Дэлбэг, or Dalbag; 1395–1415) was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Dirham
Dirham, dirhem or dirhm (درهم) was and, in some cases, still is a unit of currency in several Arab states.
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Dolon Nor
Dolon Nor (Долоон нуур, Doloon nuur, seven lakes; also: To-lun, Dolonnur), is a town and the county seat of Duolun County, Xilin Gol League in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous region, China.
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Dorgon
Dorgon (Manchu:, literally "badger"; 17 November 1612 – 31 December 1650), formally known as Prince Rui, was a Manchu prince and regent of the early Qing dynasty.
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Dzungar Khanate
The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate, was an Oirat khanate on the Eurasian Steppe.
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Dzungar people
The name Dzungar people, also written as Zunghar (literally züüngar, from the Mongolian for "left hand"), referred to the several Oirat tribes who formed and maintained the Dzungar Khanate in the 17th and 18th centuries.
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Eastern Dorbet
The Dörbet (Dörvön Khüükhed/four children, Züün Dörvöd/Eastern Dorbet) clan is composed of descendants of Ainaga (爱纳嘎), the 16th grandson of Hasar.
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Ejei Khan
Ejei Khongghor or Ejei Khan (?–1661) was the son of Ligdan Khan, the last in the Borjigin clan of Mongol Khans, who once established the Mongol Empire in the 13th century.
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Eljigin
The Eljigin people are a Khalkha Mongolian sub-ethnic group.
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Emperor
An emperor (through Old French empereor from Latin imperator) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm.
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Emperor of China
The Emperor or Huangdi was the secular imperial title of the Chinese sovereign reigning between the founding of the Qin dynasty that unified China in 221 BC, until the abdication of Puyi in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China, although it was later restored twice in two failed revolutions in 1916 and 1917.
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Emperor Yingzong of Ming
Zhu Qizhen (29 November 1427 – 23 February 1464) was the sixth and eighth emperor of the Ming dynasty.
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Erdeni Batur
Erdeni Batur (in modern Mongolian: Эрдэнэбаатар, Erdenebaatar; d. 1653) was a Choros-Oirat prince generally considered to be the founder of the Dzungar Khanate, centered in the Dzungaria region,currently in north-westernmost part of China.
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Esen Taishi
Esen Taishi (d. 1455) was a powerful Oirat Taishi and de facto ruler of the Northern Yuan in 15th century Mongolia.
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Fief
A fief (feudum) was the central element of feudalism and consisted of heritable property or rights granted by an overlord to a vassal who held it in fealty (or "in fee") in return for a form of feudal allegiance and service, usually given by the personal ceremonies of homage and fealty.
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Field gun
A field gun is a field artillery piece.
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Four Oirat
The Four Oirat (Dorben Oirad), also known as the Alliance of the Four Oirat tribes or the Oirat confederation (Oirads; Mongolian: Дөрвөн Ойрад; in the past, also Eleuths), was the confederation of the Oirat tribes, which marked the rise of the Western Mongols in Mongolian history.
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Galdan Boshugtu Khan
Choros Erdeniin Galdan (1644–1697, Галдан Бошигт хаан,, in Mongolian script: Galdan bošoɣtu qaɣan) was a Dzungar-Oirat Khan of the Dzungar Khanate.
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Genghis Khan
Genghis Khan or Temüjin Borjigin (Чингис хаан, Çingis hán) (also transliterated as Chinggis Khaan; born Temüjin, c. 1162 August 18, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.
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Gobi Desert
The Gobi Desert is a large desert region in Asia.
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Gorlos Mongols
The Gorlos (Khalkha-Mongolian:Горлос/Gorlos) are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County, China.
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Greater Khingan
The Greater Khingan Range (IPA:; Их Хянганы нуруу, Ih Hyangani’ nurū; Manchu: Amba Hinggan), is a volcanic mountain range in northeast China.
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Guizhou
Guizhou, formerly romanized as Kweichow, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country.
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Hami
Hami, also known as Kumul, is a prefecture-level city in eastern Xinjiang, China.
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Han Chinese
The Han Chinese,.
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Hand cannon
The hand cannon (Chinese: 手銃), also known as the gonne or handgonne, is the first true firearm and the successor of the fire lance.
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Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
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Hohhot
Hohhot, abbreviated in Chinese as Hushi, formerly known as Kweisui, is the capital of Inner Mongolia in the north of the People's Republic of China, serving as the region's administrative, economic and cultural center.
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Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji (28November 159221 September1643), sometimes written as Huang Taiji and also referred to as Abahai in Western literature, was an Emperor of the Qing dynasty.
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Hongwu Emperor
The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang (Chu Yuan-chang in Wade-Giles), was the founding emperor of China's Ming dynasty.
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House of Ögedei
The House of Ögedei, sometimes called the Ögedeids, were an influential family of Mongol Borjigin (Imperial, or Golden Family) from the 12th to 14th centuries.
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Imperial Seal of the Mongols
The Imperial Seal of the Mongols is a seal (tamgha-тамга) that was used by the Mongols.
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Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region or Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (Ѳвѳр Монголын Ѳѳртѳѳ Засах Орон in Mongolian Cyrillic), is one of the autonomous regions of China, located in the north of the country.
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Jalaids
The Jalaid (Khalkha-Mongolian:Жалайд/Jalaid) are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Jalaid Banner, in China.
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Jaruud
The Jaruud (Khalkha-Mongolian:Жарууд/Jaruud, "The Sixties") are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Jarud Banner, China.
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Jin dynasty (1115–1234)
The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, lasted from 1115 to 1234 as one of the last dynasties in Chinese history to predate the Mongol invasion of China.
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Jinong
Jinong was a title of the Mongols.
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Jorightu Khan Yesüder
Jorightu Khan (Yesüder?) (1358–1392) was a Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Jurchen people
The Jurchen (Manchu: Jušen; 女真, Nǚzhēn), also known by many variant names, were a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until around 1630, at which point they were reformed and combined with their neighbors as the Manchu.
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Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor (康熙; 4 May 165420 December 1722), personal name Xuanye, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722.
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Kara Del
Kara Del or Qara Del was a Mongol kingdom that existed in Hami in present-day Xinjiang.
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Karakoram
The Karakoram, or Karakorum is a large mountain range spanning the borders of Pakistan, India, and China, with the northwest extremity of the range extending to Afghanistan and Tajikistan.
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Karakorum
Karakorum (Khalkha Mongolian: Хархорум Kharkhorum) was the capital of the Mongol Empire between 1235 and 1260, and of the Northern Yuan in the 14–15th centuries.
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Kashgar
Kashgar is an oasis city in Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Köke Temür
Köke Temür (died 1375), also known as Wang Baobao, was a Bayad general of the Yuan dynasty.
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Khagan
Khagan or Qaghan (Old Turkic: kaɣan; хаан, khaan) is a title of imperial rank in the Turkic and Mongolian languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire).
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Khalkha Mongols
The Khalkha (Халх, Halh) is the largest subgroup of Mongol people in Mongolia since the 15th century.
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Khanbaliq
Khanbaliq or Dadu was the capital of the Yuan dynasty, the main center of the Mongol Empire founded by Kublai Khan in what is now Beijing, also the capital of China today.
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Kharchin Mongols
The Kharchin (Харчин, ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ, qaračin) is a subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly (and originally) in North-western Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia.
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Kharkhul
Kharkhul (English name:Khara Khula; died 1634) was a Choros-Oirat prince and tayishi of the Choros tribe.
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Khatun
Khatun (Mongolian:, khatun, хатан khatan; خاتون khātūn; خاتون, plural خواتين; খাঁতুন, খাতুন; hatun) is a female title of nobility and counterpart to "khan" or "Khagan" prominently used in the Turkic Khaganate and in the subsequent Mongol Empire.
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Kherlen River
Kherlen River (also known as Kerulen or Kerülen) is a river of 1,254 km length in Mongolia and China.
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Khishigten
The Hishigten (Khalkha-Mongolian: Хишигтэн/Hishigten) are one of the Southern Mongol ethnic groups.
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Khoid
The Khoyd, Qoyid (also Khoid or Khoit) (Northern ones/people) people are an Oirat.
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Khongirad
The Khongirad (Mongolian: Хонгирад/Khonghirad), also known as QongiratCentral Asia: Foundations of Change, by R. D. McChesney, pub Darwin Press, 1996, p202.
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Khorchin Mongols
The Khorchin (Хорчин, Horçin; Qorčin) is a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in northeastern Inner Mongolia of China.
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Khoshut
The Khoshut (Mongolian: Хошууд, Hoşūd, literally "bannermen," from Middle Mongolian qosighu "flag, banner") are one of the four major tribes of the Oirat people.
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Khuuchid
The Huuchid (Khalkha-Mongolian: Хуучид/Huuchid, "The old/ancient ones") are a Southern Mongol subgroup.
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Kublai Khan
Kublai (Хубилай, Hubilai; Simplified Chinese: 忽必烈) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position).
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Kurultai
Kurultai (Mongolian:, Хуралдай, Khuruldai; Turkish: Kurultay),Kazakh: Құрылтай, Qurıltay; Корылтай, Qorıltay; Ҡоролтай, Qoroltay; Qurultay; Gurultaý was a political and military council of ancient Mongol and some Turkic chiefs and khans.
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Lake Baikal
Lake Baikal (p; Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur; Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur, etymologically meaning, in Mongolian, "the Nature Lake") is a rift lake in Russia, located in southern Siberia, between Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast.
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Late Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history lasting from 1250 to 1500 AD.
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Later Jin (1616–1636)
Later Jin (Manju i Yargiyan Kooli (滿洲實錄). Zhonghua Book Company, p. 283.; literally: "Gold State"; 1616–1636) was a khanate established by the Jurchen khan, Nurhaci in Manchuria during 1616–1636, and was the predecessor of the Qing dynasty.
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Liang (realm)
Liang was a traditional Chinese fief centered on present-day Kaifeng.
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Liaodong Peninsula
The Liaodong Peninsula is a peninsula in Liaoning Province of Northeast China, historically known in the West as Southeastern Manchuria.
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Liaoyang
Liaoyang is a prefecture-level city of east-central Liaoning province, China, situated on the Taizi River and, together with Anshan, forms a metro area of 2,057,200 inhabitants in 2010.
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Ligdan Khan
Ligdan Khutugtu Khan (from Mongolian "Ligden Khutugt Khan"; Mongolian Cyrillic: Лигдэн Хутугт хаан; or from Chinese, Lindan Han; Chinese: 林丹汗; 1588–1634) was the last khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia as well as the last in the Borjigin clan of Mongol Khans who ruled the Mongols from Chakhar.
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List of Mongol states
This is a list of Mongol states.
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List of Northern Yuan khans
The following is a list of Khans or Khagans of the Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635) based in Mongolia, after the overthrow of the Yuan dynasty by the Ming dynasty of China in 1368.
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Luc Kwanten
Luc Kwanten (born 1943) is a Belgian sinologist, Tangutologist and literary agent.
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Mahmud
Mahmud is the primary transliteration of the Arabic given name, محمود,, that comes from the Arabic triconsonantal root of Ḥ-M-D "Praise".
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Manchu people
The Manchu are an ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.
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Manchuria
Manchuria is a name first used in the 17th century by Chinese people to refer to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia.
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Mandate of Heaven
The Mandate of Heaven or Tian Ming is a Chinese political and religious doctrine used since ancient times to justify the rule of the King or Emperor of China.
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Mandukhai Khatun
Mandukhai Khatun (Мандухай хатан), also known as Mandukhai Sechen Khatun (Мандухай сэцэн хатан, or Queen Manduhai the Wise), (c. 1449 – 1510) was the Khatun of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Manduul Khan
Manduul Khan (Manduuluu, Manduyul or Manduyulun) (1438–1478), was the Mongol Khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia, and he was the younger brother of Taisun Khan (Toghtoa Bukha or Toγtoγa Buqa), but the two had different mothers.
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Mentorship
Mentorship is a relationship in which a more experienced or more knowledgeable person helps to guide a less experienced or less knowledgeable person.
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Ming campaign against the Uriankhai
The Ming campaign against the Uriankhai of 1387 was an offensive military expedition campaign of Ming China's army led by General Feng Sheng against the Uriankhai horde of the Mongol chieftain Naghachu in Manchuria.
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Ming conquest of Yunnan
The Ming conquest of Yunnan was the final phase in the Chinese Ming dynasty expulsion of Mongol Yuan dynasty rule from China in the 1380s.
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Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
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Moghulistan
Moghulistan (Mughalistan, Moghul Khanate) (from مغولستان, Moqulestân/Moġūlistān), also called the Eastern Chagatai Khanate, was a Mongol breakaway khanate of the Chagatai Khanate and a historical geographic area north of the Tian Shan mountain range, on the border of Central Asia and East Asia.
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Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Mongolyn Ezent Güren; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монголын эзэнт гүрэн;; also Орда ("Horde") in Russian chronicles) existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history.
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Mongolia
Mongolia (Monggol Ulus in Mongolian; in Mongolian Cyrillic) is a landlocked unitary sovereign state in East Asia.
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Mongolian language
The Mongolian language (in Mongolian script: Moŋɣol kele; in Mongolian Cyrillic: монгол хэл, mongol khel.) is the official language of Mongolia and both the most widely-spoken and best-known member of the Mongolic language family.
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Mongolian nobility
The Mongolian nobility (язгууртан сурвалжтан; yazgurtan survaljtan) arose between the 10th and 12th centuries, became prominent in the 13th century, and essentially governed Mongolia until the early 20th century.
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Mongols
The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
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Muumyangan
The Muumyangan (Khalkha-Mongolian:Муумянган/Muumyangan) are a sub-ethnic group of the Southern Mongols in Darhan Muminggan United Banner, China.
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Naghachu
Naghachu (script, d. 1388), also written as Nahacu, was a Uriankhai leader and general of the Northern Yuan dynasty in Manchuria, which was under Liaoyang province of the former Yuan dynasty.
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Naimans
The Naiman (Khalkha-Mongolian: Найман/Naiman, "eight") is the name of a tribe originating in East Turkic Khaganate (nowadays west part of Mongolia, one of the tribes in middle juz of Kazakh nation.
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Nen River
The Nen River or Nenjiang, or Nonni is a river in Northeast China.
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North China
North China (literally "China's north") is a geographical region of China, lying North of the Qinling Huaihe Line.
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Northern and southern China
Northern China and southern China are two approximate regions within China. The exact boundary between these two regions are not precisely defined. Nevertheless, the self-perception of Chinese people, especially regional stereotypes, has often been dominated by these two concepts, given that regional differences in culture and language have historically fostered strong regional identities of the Chinese people.
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Nurhaci
Nurhaci (alternatively Nurhachi; 21 February 1559 – 30 September 1626) was a Jurchen chieftain of Jianzhou, a vassal of Ming, who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria.
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Oirats
Oirats (Oirad or Ойрд, Oird; Өөрд; in the past, also Eleuths) are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia.
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Olot people
The Olot people (Mongolian: Өөлд/Ööld, English: Eleut) are an Oirat sub-ethnic group of Choros origin.
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Onnigud
The Onniguds (Khalkha-Mongolian:Оннигууд/Onniguud) are a sub-ethnic group of the Southern Mongols in Ongniud Banner, China.
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Ordos Mongols
The Ordos (Mongolian Cyrillic: Ордос) are a Mongol subgroup that live in Uushin district, Inner Mongolia of China.
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Ordos Plateau
The Ordos Loop is a large rectangular bend of the Yellow River in central China.
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Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.
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Qinghai
Qinghai, formerly known in English as Kokonur, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest of the country.
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Red Turban Rebellion
The Red Turban Rebellion was an uprising influenced by the White Lotus Society members that, between 1351 and 1368, targeted the ruling Mongol Yuan dynasty, eventually leading to the overthrowing of Mongol rule in China.
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Reuven Amitai
Reuven Amitai (born August 23, 1955), also Reuven Amitai-Preiss, is an Israeli-American historian and writer, specializing in pre-modern Islamic civilization, especially Syria and Palestine during the time of the Mamluk Empire.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
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Russian tea culture
Tea is a part of Russian culture.
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Shamanism
Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with what they believe to be a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world.
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Shangdu
Shangdu, also known as Xanadu (Mongolian: Šandu), was the capital of Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty in China, before he decided to move his throne to the Jin dynasty capital of Zhōngdū, which he renamed Khanbaliq, present-day Beijing.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.
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Sunud
The Sunuds (Khalkha-Mongolian:Сөнөд/Sönöd; English:Sonid, Sönid) are a Southern Mongol subgroup.
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Taisun Khan
Taisun Khan (or Toghtoa Bukha, Toγtoγa Buqa; Modern Mongolian:Taisun haan) (1416–1453) was a Khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Tarim Basin
The Tarim Basin is an endorheic basin in northwest China occupying an area of about.
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Tarim River
The Tarim River (Mandarin Tǎlǐmù Hé, 塔里木河; Uyghur: تارىم دەرياسى, Тарим дәряси), known in Sanskrit as the Śītā is an endorheic river in Xinjiang, China.
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Tümen Zasagt Khan
Tümen Zasagt Khan (Түмэн засагт хаан, Tümen zasagt xaan) was a 16th-century Mongol Khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia who reigned from 1558 to 1592.
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Tibet
Tibet is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Central Asia.
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Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is the form of Buddhist doctrine and institutions named after the lands of Tibet, but also found in the regions surrounding the Himalayas and much of Central Asia.
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Timur
Timur (تیمور Temūr, Chagatai: Temür; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang, "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror.
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Toghon Temür
Toghon Temür (Тогоонтөмөр, Togoontömör; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by the temple name Emperor Huizong bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty in Mongolia and by the posthumous name Shundi bestowed by the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty China, was a son of Khutughtu Khan Kusala who ruled as emperor of the Yuan dynasty.
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Tolui
Tolui, (Classic Mongolian: Toluy, Tului, Тулуй хаан,, Tolui Khan (meaning the Khan Tolui)) (c.1191–1232) was the fourth son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte.
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Torghut
The Torghut (Mongolian: Торгууд/Torguud, "Guardsman" or "the Silks") are one of the four major subgroups of the Four Oirats.
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Tumed
The Tümed (Tumad, "The many or ten thousands" derived from Tumen) are a Mongol subgroup.
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Tumu Crisis
The Tumu Crisis (Тумугийн тулалдаан); also called the Crisis of Tumu Fortress or Battle of Tumu, was a frontier conflict between the Oirat tribes of Mongols and the Chinese Ming dynasty which led to the capture of the Zhengtong Emperor on September 1, 1449, and the defeat of an army of 500,000 men by a much smaller force.
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Tundra
In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.
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Tuul River
The Tuul River or Tula River (Туул гол, Tūl gol; in older sources also Tola) is a river in central and northern Mongolia.
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Ulaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar, formerly anglicised as Ulan Bator (Улаанбаатар,, Ulaγanbaγatur, literally "Red Hero"), is the capital and largest city of Mongolia. The city is not part of any aimag (province), and its population was over 1.3 million, almost half of the country's total population. Located in north central Mongolia, the municipality lies at an elevation of about in a valley on the Tuul River. It is the country's cultural, industrial and financial heart, the centre of Mongolia's road network and connected by rail to both the Trans-Siberian Railway in Russia and the Chinese railway system. The city was founded in 1639 as a nomadic Buddhist monastic centre. In 1778, it settled permanently at its present location, the junction of the Tuul and Selbe rivers. Before that, it changed location twenty-eight times, with each location being chosen ceremonially. In the twentieth century, Ulaanbaatar grew into a major manufacturing center. Ulaanbaatar is a member of the Asian Network of Major Cities 21. The city's official website lists Moscow, Hohhot, Seoul, Sapporo and Denver as sister cities.
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Urad Mongols
The Urad (Southern ones/people) is a Mongol tribe in Inner Mongolia, China.
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Uriankhai
Uriankhai (also written as "Uriyangkhai", "Urianhai", or "Uryangkhai") is a Mongolian term applied to several neighboring "forest" ethnic groups such as the Altai Uriankhai, Tuvans and Yakuts.
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Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür
Uskhal Khan or the Last Emperor of Yuan (Төгс Төмөр хаан 元末帝), born Tögüs Temür (r. 1378–1388), was a Mongol Emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia.
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Uyghurs
The Uyghurs or Uygurs (as the standard romanisation in Chinese GB 3304-1991) are a Turkic ethnic group who live in East and Central Asia.
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Warlord
A warlord is a leader able to exercise military, economic, and political control over a subnational territory within a sovereign state due to their ability to mobilize loyal armed forces.
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William E. Butler
William Elliott Butler (born 20 October 1939) is a jurist and educator, the John Edward Fowler Distinguished Professor of Law, Dickinson School of Law, Pennsylvania State University (2005-) and Professorial Research Associate, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (2006-), and Emeritus Professor of Comparative Law in the University of London (2005-). He is a pre-eminent authority on the legal systems of Russia, other members of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and Mongolia.
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Yassa
Yasser (alternatively: Yasa, Yasaq, Jazag, Zasag, Mongolian: Их засаг, Yehe Zasag) was a secret written code of law created by Genghis Khan.
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Yellow River
The Yellow River or Huang He is the second longest river in Asia, after the Yangtze River, and the sixth longest river system in the world at the estimated length of.
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Yingchang
Yingchang was one of the important cities in the Yuan dynasty.
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Yongle Emperor
The Yongle Emperor (Yung-lo in Wade–Giles; 2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424) — personal name Zhu Di (WG: Chu Ti) — was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, reigning from 1402 to 1424.
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Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols
Yongle Emperor's campaigns against the Mongols (1410-1424) was the military campaign of Ming China under Yongle Emperor against the Mongols in the north.
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Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.
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Yunnan
Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country.
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Zaya Pandita
Zaya Pandita or Namkhaijamts (1599–1662) was a Buddhist missionary priest and scholar of Oirat origin who is the most prominent Oirat Buddhist scholar.
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Zhengde Emperor
The Zhengde Emperor (26October 149120April 1521) was the 11th Ming dynasty Emperor of China between 1505–1521.
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Zuunmod
Zuunmod (Зуунмод;, "Hundred Trees") is the administrative seat of Mongolia's Töv Province.
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Redirects here:
Northern Yuan, Northern Yuan Dynasty, Northern yuan, Post Imperial Mongolia, Post-Imperial Mongolia, Post-imperial Mongolia, The Forty and the Four, The Forty and the Four tumens.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Yuan_dynasty
