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112 relations: Acetyl group, Adverse drug reaction, Amphibian, Ampicillin, Antiarrhythmic agent, Antibiotic, Anticoagulant, Anticonvulsant, Antidepressant, Antifungal, Antimicrobial resistance, Antiviral drug, Aplastic anemia, Bacteriostatic agent, Benzodiazepine, Bioavailability, Blood plasma, Bone marrow suppression, Breast milk, Broad-spectrum antibiotic, Calcium channel blocker, Case-control study, Cataract, Ceftriaxone, Cefuroxime, Cephalosporin, Cerebrospinal fluid, Chemotherapy, Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, Cholera, Chytridiomycosis, Complete blood count, Conjunctivitis, Cyanosis, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, Cytochrome P450, Developing country, Differential diagnosis, Empiric therapy, Endophthalmitis, Enterococcus faecium, Enzyme, Ester, Eye drop, Gene, Glucuronic acid, Gray baby syndrome, Haemophilus influenzae, Health system, ..., Hemoglobin, Human iron metabolism, Hydrolysis, Hydroxy group, Hypotension, Immunosuppression, India, Intramuscular injection, Intravenous therapy, Kidney, Koala, Leukemia, Liver, Macrolide, Malta, Meningitis, Mexico, Mildred Rebstock, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Mitochondrion, Multiple drug resistance, Neisseria meningitidis, Palmitic acid, Parke-Davis, Pathogenic bacteria, PDE5 inhibitor, Penicillin, Peptidyl transferase, Plague (disease), Plasma protein binding, Preventive healthcare, Prodrug, Protein, Protein Data Bank, Protein isoform, Protein synthesis inhibitor, Proton-pump inhibitor, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Purpura, R-factor, Ribosome, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Sepsis, Small intestine, Staphylococcus capitis, Statin, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptomyces venezuelae, Tetracycline, Thiamphenicol, Topical medication, Tricyclic antidepressant, Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Typhoid fever, Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Veillonella, Veterinary medicine, Volume of distribution, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 23S ribosomal RNA. Expand index (62 more) »
Acetyl group
In organic chemistry, acetyl is a moiety, the acyl with chemical formula CH3CO.
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Adverse drug reaction
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an injury caused by taking a medication.
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Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.
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Ampicillin
Ampicillin is an antibiotic used to prevent and treat a number of bacterial infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, meningitis, salmonellosis, and endocarditis.
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Antiarrhythmic agent
Antiarrhythmic agents, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia medications, are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart (cardiac arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.
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Antibiotic
An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.
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Anticoagulant
Anticoagulants, commonly referred to as blood thinners, are chemical substances that prevent or reduce coagulation of blood, prolonging the clotting time.
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Anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.
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Antidepressant
Antidepressants are drugs used for the treatment of major depressive disorder and other conditions, including dysthymia, anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, chronic pain, neuropathic pain and, in some cases, dysmenorrhoea, snoring, migraine, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), addiction, dependence, and sleep disorders.
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Antifungal
An antifungal medication, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.
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Antimicrobial resistance
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR or AR) is the ability of a microbe to resist the effects of medication that once could successfully treat the microbe.
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Antiviral drug
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating viral infections rather than bacterial ones.
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Aplastic anemia
Aplastic anaemia is a rare disease in which the bone marrow and the hematopoietic stem cells that reside there are damaged.
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Bacteriostatic agent
A bacteriostatic agent or bacteriostat, abbreviated Bstatic, is a biological or chemical agent that stops bacteria from reproducing, while not necessarily killing them otherwise.
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Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
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Bioavailability
In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA or F) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.
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Blood plasma
Blood plasma is a yellowish coloured liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells.
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Bone marrow suppression
Bone marrow suppression also known as myelotoxicity or myelosuppression, is the decrease in production of cells responsible for providing immunity (leukocytes), carrying oxygen (erythrocytes), and/or those responsible for normal blood clotting (thrombocytes).
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Breast milk
Breast milk is the milk produced by the breasts (or mammary glands) of a human female to feed a child.
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Broad-spectrum antibiotic
The term broad-spectrum antibiotic can refer to an antibiotic that acts on the two major bacterial groups, gram-positive and gram-negative, or any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria.
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Calcium channel blocker
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists are several medications that disrupt the movement of calcium through calcium channels.
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Case-control study
A case-control study is a type of observational study in which two existing groups differing in outcome are identified and compared on the basis of some supposed causal attribute.
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Cataract
A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye which leads to a decrease in vision.
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Ceftriaxone
Ceftriaxone, sold under the trade name Rocephin, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
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Cefuroxime
Cefuroxime is an enteral second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
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Cephalosporin
The cephalosporins (sg.) are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as "Cephalosporium".
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Cerebrospinal fluid
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord.
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Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.
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Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (or CAT) is a bacterial enzyme that detoxifies the antibiotic chloramphenicol and is responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria.
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Cholera
Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
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Chytridiomycosis
Chytridiomycosis is an infectious disease in amphibians, caused by the chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, a nonhyphal zoosporic fungus.
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Complete blood count
A complete blood count (CBC), also known as a complete blood cell count, full blood count (FBC), or full blood exam (FBE), is a blood panel requested by a doctor or other medical professional that gives information about the cells in a patient's blood, such as the cell count for each cell type and the concentrations of various proteins and minerals.
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Conjunctivitis
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid.
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Cyanosis
Cyanosis is defined as the bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation.
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CYP2C19
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
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Developing country
A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
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Differential diagnosis
In medicine, a differential diagnosis is the distinguishing of a particular disease or condition from others that present similar clinical features.
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Empiric therapy
Empiric therapy or empirical therapy is therapy based on experience and, more specifically, therapy begun on the basis of a clinical educated guess in the absence of complete or perfect information.
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Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis is an inflammation of the interior of the eye.
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Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic or nonhemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a chemical compound derived from an acid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one –OH (hydroxyl) group is replaced by an –O–alkyl (alkoxy) group.
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Eye drop
Eye drops are saline-containing drops used as an ocular route to administer.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Glucuronic acid
Glucuronic acid (from Greek γλυκύς "sweet" and οὖρον "urine") is a uronic acid that was first isolated from urine (hence the name).
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Gray baby syndrome
Gray baby syndrome (also termed Gray or Grey syndrome) is a rare but serious side effect that occurs in newborn infants (especially premature babies) following the accumulation of antibiotic chloramphenicol.
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Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae (formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae) is a Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultatively anaerobic pathogenic bacterium belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family.
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Health system
A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or as healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
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Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin (American) or haemoglobin (British); abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates (with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.
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Human iron metabolism
Human iron metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that maintain human homeostasis of iron at the systemic and cellular level.
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.
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Hydroxy group
A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is the entity with the formula OH.
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Hypotension
Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.
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Immunosuppression
Immunosuppression is a reduction of the activation or efficacy of the immune system.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Intramuscular injection
Intramuscular (also IM or im) injection is the injection of a substance directly into muscle.
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Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Koala
The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus, or, inaccurately, koala bear) is an arboreal herbivorous marsupial native to Australia.
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Leukemia
Leukemia, also spelled leukaemia, is a group of cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Macrolide
The macrolides are a class of natural products that consist of a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached.
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Malta
Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Meningitis
Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges.
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Mexico
Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.
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Mildred Rebstock
Mildred Catherine Rebstock (November 29, 1919 – February 17, 2011) was an American chemist.
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Minimum inhibitory concentration
In, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is the lowest concentration of a chemical which prevents visible growth of a bacterium.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Multiple drug resistance
Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to multiple antimicrobial drugs.
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Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life-threatening sepsis.
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Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid, or hexadecanoic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, is the most common saturated fatty acid found in animals, plants and microorganisms.
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Parke-Davis
Parke-Davis is a subsidiary of the pharmaceutical company Pfizer.
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Pathogenic bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease.
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PDE5 inhibitor
A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5 inhibitor) is a drug used to block the degradative action of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) on cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels supplying the corpus cavernosum of the penis.
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Penicillin
Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G (intravenous use), penicillin V (use by mouth), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin (intramuscular use).
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Peptidyl transferase
The peptidyl transferase is an aminoacyltransferase as well as the primary enzymatic function of the ribosome, which forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs during the translation process of protein biosynthesis.
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Plague (disease)
Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Plasma protein binding
Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to proteins within the blood.
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Preventive healthcare
Preventive healthcare (alternately preventive medicine, preventative healthcare/medicine, or prophylaxis) consists of measures taken for disease prevention, as opposed to disease treatment.
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Prodrug
A prodrug is a medication or compound that, after administration, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Protein Data Bank
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is a crystallographic database for the three-dimensional structural data of large biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids.
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Protein isoform
A protein isoform, or "protein variant" is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.
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Protein synthesis inhibitor
A protein synthesis inhibitor is a substance that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins.
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Proton-pump inhibitor
Proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of stomach acid production.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause disease in plants and animals, including humans.
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Purpura
Purpura is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure.
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R-factor
Resistance transfer factor (shortened as R-factor or RTF) is an old name for a plasmid that codes for antibiotic resistance.
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Ribosome
The ribosome is a complex molecular machine, found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).
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Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), also known as blue disease, is the most lethal and most frequently reported rickettsial illness in the United States.
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Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica
Salmonella enterica subsp.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.
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Sepsis
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs.
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Small intestine
The small intestine or small bowel is the part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine, and is where most of the end absorption of food takes place.
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Staphylococcus capitis
Staphylococcus capitis is a coagulase-negative species (CoNS) of Staphylococcus.
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Statin
Statins, also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are a class of lipid-lowering medications.
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic (under aerobic conditions) or beta-hemolytic (under anaerobic conditions), facultative anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus.
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Streptomyces venezuelae
Streptomyces venezuelae is a species of soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacterium of the genus Streptomyces.
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Tetracycline
Tetracycline, sold under the brand name Sumycin among others, is an antibiotic used to treat a number of infections.
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Thiamphenicol
Thiamphenicol (also known as thiophenicol and dextrosulphenidol) is an antibiotic.
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Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.
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Tricyclic antidepressant
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants.
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Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), also known as co-trimoxazole among other names, is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.
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Typhoid fever
Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to ''Salmonella'' typhi that causes symptoms.
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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), are bacterial strains of the genus Enterococcus that are resistant to the antibiotic vancomycin.
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Veillonella
Veillonella are Gram-negative bacteria (Gram stain pink) anaerobic cocci.
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Veterinary medicine
Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals.
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Volume of distribution
In pharmacology, the volume of distribution (VD, also known as apparent volume of distribution) is the theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the total amount of an administered drug at the same concentration that it is observed in the blood plasma.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.
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23S ribosomal RNA
The 23S rRNA is a 2904 nt long (in E. coli) component of the large subunit (50S) of the bacterial/archean ribosome.
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Redirects here:
ATC code D06AX02, ATC code D10AF03, ATC code G01AA05, ATC code J01BA01, ATC code S01AA01, ATC code S02AA01, ATC code S03AA08, ATCvet code QD06AX02, ATCvet code QD10AF03, ATCvet code QG01AA05, ATCvet code QJ01BA01, ATCvet code QJ51BA01, ATCvet code QS01AA01, ATCvet code QS02AA01, ATCvet code QS03AA08, Ak-chlor, Ambofen, Amphicol, Amseclor, Anacetin, Aquamycetin, Austracil, Austracol, Biocetin, Biophenicol, C11H12Cl2N2O5, Catilan, Chemicetin, Chemicetina, Chlomin, Chlomycol, Chlora-Tabs, Chloramfenicol, Chloramficin, Chloramfilin, Chloramphenical, Chloramphenicol palmitate, Chloramphenicol sodium succinate, Chloramphenicol succinate, Chloramsaar, Chloranphenicol, Chlorasol, Chloricol, Chloro-25 vetag, Chlorocaps, Chlorocid, Chlorocid S, Chlorocide, Chlorocidin C, Chlorocidin C tetran, Chlorocol, Chlorofair, Chloroject L, Chloromax, Chloromycetin, Chloromycetin Palmitate, Chloromycetny, Chloromyxin, Chloronitrin, Chloroptic, Chloroptic S.O.P., Chloroptic-P S.O.P., Chlorovules, Chlorsig, Cidocetine, Ciplamycetin, Cloramfen, Cloramficin, Cloramicol, Cloramidina, Clorocyn, Cloromisan, Clorosintex, Comycetin, Cylphenicol, Desphen, Detreomycin, Detreomycine, Dextromycetin, Doctamicina, Econochlor, Elase-Chloromycetin, Embacetin, Emetren, Enicol, Enteromycetin, Erbaplast, Ertilen, Farmicetina, Farmitcetina, Globenicol, Glorous, Halomycetin, Hortfenicol, Intramycetin, Isicetin, Ismicetina, Isophenicol, Isopto fenicol, Juvamycetin, Kamaver, Kemicetina, Klorita, Klorocid S, Laevomycetine, Leukamycin, Leukomyan, Leukomycin, Levomicetina, Levomitsetin, Levomycetin, Loromisan, Loromisin, Mastiphen, Mediamycetine, Medichol, Micloretin, Micochlorine, Micoclorina, Microcetina, Mychel, Mychel-Vet, Mycinol, Normimycin V, Novochlorocap, Novomycetin, Novophenicol, Oftalent, Oily chloramphenicol, Oleomycetin, Opclor, Opelor, Ophthochlor, Ophthoclor, Ophthocort, Ophtochlor, Optomycin, Otachron, Otophen, Pantovernil, Paraxin, Pentamycetin, Quemicetina, Rivomycin, Romphenil, Ronphenil, Septicol, Sificetina, Sintomicetina, Sintomicetine R, Sno-Phenicol, Stanomycetin, Synthomycetin, Synthomycetine, Synthomycine, Tega-Cetin, Tevcocin, Tevcosin, Tifomycin, Tiromycetin, Treomicetina, Tyfomycine, Unimycetin, Viceton.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloramphenicol
