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31 relations: Adrenergic receptor, Arachidonic acid, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, Cell membrane, Cell nucleus, Class I PI 3-kinases, Diglyceride, Endoplasmic reticulum, Enzyme, Fatty acid, Gq alpha subunit, Growth factor, Growth hormone–releasing hormone, Hydrolysis, Inositol trisphosphate, Inward-rectifier potassium channel, M current, Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, Phospholipase C, Phospholipid, PI(4,5)P2 Cycle, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Protein kinase B, Protein kinase C, Second messenger system, Sodium channel, Stearic acid.
Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline).
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Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6).
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Bruton's tyrosine kinase
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (abbreviated Btk or BTK) also known as tyrosine-protein kinase BTK is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BTK gene.
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Cell membrane
The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).
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Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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Class I PI 3-kinases
Class I PI 3-kinases are a subgroup of the enzyme family, phosphoinositide 3-kinase that possess a common protein domain structure, substrate specificity, and method of activation.
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Diglyceride
A diglyceride, or diacylglycerol (DAG), is a glyceride consisting of two fatty acid chains covalently bonded to a glycerol molecule through ester linkages.
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Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened, membrane-enclosed sacs or tube-like structures known as cisternae.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Fatty acid
In chemistry, particularly in biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated.
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Gq alpha subunit
Gq protein (Gαq, or Gq/11) is a heterotrimeric G protein subunit that activates phospholipase C (PLC).
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Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.
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Growth hormone–releasing hormone
Growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH), also known as somatocrinin or by several other names in its endogenous forms and as somatorelin (INN) in its pharmaceutical form, is a releasing hormone of growth hormone (GH).
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Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis is a term used for both an electro-chemical process and a biological one.
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Inositol trisphosphate
Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (also commonly known as triphosphoinositol; abbreviated InsP3 or Ins3P or IP3), together with diacylglycerol (DAG), is a secondary messenger molecule used in signal transduction and lipid signaling in biological cells.
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Inward-rectifier potassium channel
Inward-rectifier potassium channels (Kir, IRK) are a specific subset of potassium channels.
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M current
M current is a type of noninactivating potassium current first discovered in bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cells The M-channel is a voltage-gated K+ channel that is named after the receptor it is influenced by.
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Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), abbreviated PIP3, is the product of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI 3-kinases) phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2).
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Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P, PI-4-P, PI4P, or PIP) is a precursor of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate.
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Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) is a phosphoinositide, one of the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), that are well-established membrane-anchored regulatory molecules.
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (also called phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases, PI 3-kinases, PI(3)Ks, PI-3Ks or by the HUGO official stem symbol for the gene family, PI3K(s)) are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, which in turn are involved in cancer.
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Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1
In the field of biochemistry, PDPK1 refers to the protein 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1, an enzyme which is encoded by the PDPK1 gene in humans.
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Phospholipase C
Phospholipase C (PLC) is a class of membrane-associated enzymes that cleave phospholipids just before the phosphate group (see figure).
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Phospholipid
Phospholipids are a class of lipids that are a major component of all cell membranes.
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PI(4,5)P2 Cycle
The PI(4,5)P2 cycle or simply PIP2 cycle (also known as PI cycle in past) is one of the important signalling cascades underlying many cellular functions including GPCR signaling, cytokinesis, endocytosis, and apoptosis.
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PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is an intracellular signaling pathway important in regulating the cell cycle.
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Protein kinase B
Protein kinase B (PKB), also known as Akt, is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a key role in multiple cellular processes such as glucose metabolism, apoptosis, cell proliferation, transcription and cell migration.
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Protein kinase C
Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
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Second messenger system
Second messengers are intracellular signaling molecules released by the cell in response to exposure to extracellular signaling molecules—the first messengers.
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Sodium channel
Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane.
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Stearic acid
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain and has the IUPAC name octadecanoic acid.
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C47H85O19P3, PI(4,5)P2, PIP(4,5)P2, PIP2, Phosphatidyl inositol 4,5-bisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-diphosphate, Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate, PtdIns(4,5)P2.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate
